CN114994177A - Composite board ultrasonic defect detection method and device and composite board - Google Patents
Composite board ultrasonic defect detection method and device and composite board Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A composite board ultrasonic defect detection method and device and a composite board relate to the field of ultrasonic defect detection. Aiming at the problem that the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method in the prior art has contradiction between quick detection and detection precision, the invention provides the technical scheme as follows: the ultrasonic defect detection method is applied to a composite board material to be detected, and comprises the following steps: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material; selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the material of the composite board to be detected as the directions of step scanning; detecting in a preset step length K along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode; collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material. Acquiring a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal; defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanning area; and acquiring the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI. The method is suitable for defect detection application of the composite plate material.
Description
Technical Field
Relate to the ultrasonic defect detection field, concretely relates to composite sheet material detects.
Background
The composite material has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, high specific strength, low density and the like, and is widely applied to important fields of aerospace, wind power generation, automobile manufacturing and the like. During the manufacturing and using processes of the composite material, defects such as layering, inclusion, cracks and the like are easy to generate. In order to prevent potential safety hazards caused by various damages in the composite material, the method has very important significance in quickly and accurately detecting the defects of the composite material.
A large number of researches and applications show that the ultrasonic detection method is the most practical and effective composite material nondestructive detection technology which is most widely applied at present. The air coupling ultrasound uses air as a coupling agent for nondestructive detection, has the characteristics of complete non-contact and no pollution, and particularly for composite material detection, compared with a metal material, the acoustic impedance of the air coupling ultrasound is closer to that of air, so that the loss of acoustic energy is reduced. In a conventional detection method, air coupling transducers are generally arranged on two sides of a structure to be detected, C scanning is performed by adopting point-by-point detection, longitudinal waves are excited and received, and defect characterization is realized by utilizing parameters such as transmission wave amplitude. The method is long in time consumption, rapid large-area detection or monitoring cannot be achieved, and arrangement of air coupling transducers on two sides cannot be achieved for in-situ detection of the structure to be detected. Therefore, in most practical detection occasions, the air coupling transducer needs to be placed on the same side of a material plate to be detected, the excitation and receiving air coupling transducers respectively perform linear scanning along 2 mutually orthogonal directions, Lamb waves are excited and received in a one-excitation-one-receiving mode, and when a defect is located on a propagation path, the interaction between the Lamb waves and the defect changes characteristic quantities such as detection signal amplitude, energy, wave speed and the like. And identifying and evaluating the defects by utilizing the change rule of the signals on the defect-free paths.
At present, the problem that rapid detection and detection precision are contradictory exists in an air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method: if the rapid detection of the detection area with a fixed size is required, the linear scanning step length needs to be increased and the scanning path needs to be reduced, but the obtained information for effectively characterizing the defect is also reduced, and the defect cannot be accurately characterized. On the contrary, if the accurate characterization of the defect is to be realized, enough characterization information is needed, that is, the linear scanning step length is decreased, the scanning path is increased, the detection duration is inevitably increased, and the rapid detection cannot be realized. Because the air coupling transducers have certain sizes, the generated Lamb waves have certain diffusion angles and directivity, and the energy distribution on the propagation paths between the exciting air coupling transducers and the receiving air coupling transducers has certain width, energy superposition exists between every two scanning paths.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method in the prior art has contradiction between rapid detection and detection precision, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board is applied to the composite board to be detected, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
step 2: acquiring a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal;
and step 3: defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanning area;
and 4, step 4: and acquiring the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
Further, the step 1 specifically comprises:
step 1.1: selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the composite board material to be detected as the directions of step scanning;
step 1.2: detecting in a preset step length K along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode;
step 1.3: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material.
Further, in the step 2, the method for obtaining the defect index DI specifically includes:
based on the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signal, the method comprises the following steps:
DI a ＝U appmax -U app
DI b ＝U bppmax -U bpp ，
thus obtaining the compound.
Further, in step 4, the method for acquiring the defect position specifically includes:
if M is odd, then through the formula:
obtaining;
if M is even, then according to the formula:
obtaining;
wherein M ═ R/d]，[]For an integer function, R is the distribution width of Lamb wave energy on both sides of the scanning path, α determines the rate at which Lamb wave energy decays on both sides of the scanning path, d a (x, y) is the scan direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 < th > scan path in the fiber direction, d b (x, y) is the scan direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 90 ° fiber direction th scan path, i, j being positive integer values.
Further, the method is realized based on the following devices:
the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises an exciting air coupling transducer, a receiving air coupling transducer and an adjusting platform, wherein the exciting air coupling transducer is used for emitting ultrasonic waves, the receiving air coupling transducer is used for receiving echoes of the ultrasonic waves, and the adjusting platform is used for adjusting the distance and the deflection angle between the exciting air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer.
Further, the device further comprises: two-dimensional motion platform, two motion modules and two regulating module, two motion modules set up two-dimensional motion platform on, can follow same straight line and be reciprocating motion, two regulating module be used for connecting respectively the relative position that states arouse air coupling transducer and receive air coupling transducer and make two transducers maintains mirror symmetry, and adjusts the contained angle of arouse air coupling transducer and receive air coupling transducer and vertical direction.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides an ultrasonic defect detection device for the composite board, which is applied to the composite board to be detected, and the device comprises:
module 1: the system is used for acquiring Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
and (3) module 2: the defect index DI is obtained through the Lamb wave signal;
and a module 3: defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanned area;
and (4) module: for obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a computer storage medium for storing a computer program, and when the storage medium is read by a computer, the computer executes the composite board ultrasonic defect detection method.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a computer, which comprises a processor and a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer executes the defect detection method.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a composite board, which is detected by the ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board as claimed in claim 1.
The invention has the advantages that:
the composite board ultrasonic defect detection method provided by the invention overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, and in the prior art, because the air coupling transducers have certain sizes, the generated Lamb waves have certain diffusion angles and directivity, and the energy distribution on the propagation paths between the excitation and receiving air coupling transducers has certain width, energy superposition exists between each scanning path, so that the energy superposition is generated, and the problem that the air coupling ultrasonic homonymy detection method has contradiction between quick detection and detection precision is caused, and the method is taken as a technical problem by technical personnel in the field, so that the improvement of the detection speed is abandoned and only the detection precision problem is researched in the research process aiming at the air coupling ultrasonic homonymy detection method;
the ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board provided by the invention selects M scanning paths corresponding to each imaging point of an imaging area by providing a synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm and defines the M scanning paths as the virtual synthetic aperture of the imaging point; accumulating the defect indexes of the imaging points relative to M different scanning paths through self-adaptive weighting to obtain a final defect index; therefore, the energy superposition condition existing between each scanning path is utilized, when the rapid detection is realized, a small amount of characterization information is fully utilized to the maximum extent to accurately characterize the defect information, and the problem that the rapid detection and the detection precision are contradictory is solved.
The composite board ultrasonic defect detection method provided by the invention adopts air coupling Lamb wave ultrasonic detection, and uses air as a transmission medium to replace a coupling agent in the traditional ultrasonic nondestructive detection in the detection process, so that the problem of secondary pollution caused by a coupling material to a piece to be detected can be fundamentally avoided, the advantages of no contact, no invasion and no damage are realized in the detection process, and the service life of an air coupling ultrasonic transducer can be greatly prolonged.
The ultrasonic defect detection device for the composite board, provided by the invention, provides an implementation method for a virtual device for the ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board, and realizes accurate characterization of defect information by fully utilizing a small amount of characterization information to the maximum extent during rapid detection by utilizing the energy superposition condition existing between each scanning path, thereby solving the problem of contradiction between rapid detection and detection precision.
The method is suitable for defect detection application of the composite plate material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic aperture adaptive weighting imaging algorithm according to the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an air-coupled ultrasonic defect inspection system according to a sixth embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an imaging diagram of echoes received by a 0.5mm step scan according to the conventional imaging method in the eleventh embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an imaging diagram of echoes received by a conventional imaging method for 1.5mm step scanning according to an eleventh embodiment;
fig. 5 is an imaging diagram of echoes received by a 1.5mm step scan by using the synthetic aperture adaptive weighting imaging method proposed by the present invention in the eleventh embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages and benefits of the technical solutions provided by the present invention more clear, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, specifically:
it should be understood that, step 1, step 2, step 1.1, etc. mentioned in the technical solution provided by the present invention are names of steps in the technical solution provided by the present invention, and numbers therein do not have a sequential meaning, i.e. are not used to limit the sequence of steps in the technical solution.
The first embodiment provides an ultrasonic defect detection method for a composite board, which is applied to a composite board material to be detected, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
step 2: acquiring a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal;
and 3, step 3: defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanning area;
and 4, step 4: and acquiring the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
Specifically, in order to excite a relatively pure Lamb wave mode, parameters of the composite material plate to be tested are used for drawing a Lamb wave frequency dispersion curve, and the central frequency f of the air-coupled transducer is determined by combining the thickness of the material to be tested. The pure Lamb wave comprises a symmetric mode S0 and an antisymmetric mode A 0 When the in-plane displacement of the symmetric mode is large and the out-of-plane displacement of the anti-symmetric mode is large, the anti-symmetric mode A is analyzed 0 The characteristic change in the frequency domain realizes stress detection. Determining the phase velocities of the A0 modes in the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction by combining the frequency dispersion curve, and determining the inclination angle theta of the exciting and receiving air coupling transducer when linear scanning is performed in the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction by using Snell's law and the air sound velocity 1 And theta 2 。
In order to ensure that the sound beam has enough energy, the excitation signal is determined to be a Hanning window modulated sinusoidal pulse signal with the center frequency f and the period N, the sinusoidal pulse signal is applied to the excitation air coupling transducer after passing through a low-pass filter, and the echo is received by the receiving air coupling transducer at a receiving position. Assuming that the center position of the scanning area is set as the center of a circle (0,0), the scanning ranges of the 0 ° fiber direction and the 90 ° fiber direction are (-X, X) and (-Y, Y), respectively, and the scanning step is d. And determining a virtual synthetic aperture formed by the M scanning paths corresponding to any imaging point in the scanning area. In a certain range, the geometrical attenuation characteristic of sound wave propagation is combined, the sound wave at each position on a scanning path is regarded as an independent sound source, and defect indexes of imaging points are obtained by accumulating the imaging points relative to defect indexes of M different scanning paths through self-adaptive weighting.
The adaptive weighting imaging algorithm of the synthetic aperture mentioned in this embodiment is specifically described with reference to fig. 1:
in the embodiment, Lamb wave signals on each step scanning path of the composite material plate to be detected are obtained in a linear step scanning mode in a fiber direction of 0 degree and a fiber direction of 90 degrees, and the defect index DI is calculated according to the following formula from the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signals on the scanning paths.
In the formula (II) a Is a defect index in the 0 DEG fiber direction, DI b Is a defect index in the 90-degree fiber direction, U appmax Is the maximum value of peak value, U, of Lamb wave signals of all scanning paths in the direction of 0 DEG fiber bppmax Is the maximum value of peak value, U, of Lamb wave signals of all scanning paths in the 90-degree fiber direction app Peak-to-peak value, U, of Lamb wave signal of the a-th scanning path in the direction of 0 DEG fiber bpp Is the peak-to-peak value of the Lamb wave signal of the b-th scanning path in the 90-degree fiber direction.
Because the air coupling transducers have certain sizes, the generated Lamb waves have certain diffusion angles and directivity, the energy distribution on the propagation paths between the exciting air coupling transducers and the receiving air coupling transducers has certain width, and energy superposition exists in each scanning path. Therefore, for each imaging point of the imaging scanning area, M scanning paths corresponding to the imaging point are selected and defined as a virtual synthetic aperture. Assuming that the center position of the scanning region is set as the center (0,0), the linear scanning ranges of the 0 ° fiber direction and the 90 ° fiber direction are (-X, X) and (-Y, Y), respectively, and the linear scanning step is d. Taking any imaging point (x, y) in the imaging scanning area as an example, if M is an odd number, the point (x, y) is a virtual synthetic aperture formed by the i- (M-1)/2 to i + (M-1)/2 and the j- (M-1)/2 to j + (M-1)/2 scanning paths respectively corresponding to the 0 ° fiber direction and the 90 ° fiber direction; and if M is an even number, the point (x, y) is a virtual synthetic aperture formed by the i-M/2+1 to the i + M/2 th scanning paths and the j-M/2+1 to the j + M/2 th scanning paths respectively corresponding to the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction. Wherein i, j are positive integer values and satisfy the following relational expressions, respectively.
Namely, it is
Although the energy distribution on the propagation path between the excitation and reception air-coupled transducers has a certain width, the energy in the width range is different, and therefore, when the defect damage index of the imaging point is determined, adaptive weighting is needed. Within a certain range, the geometrical attenuation characteristic of sound wave propagation is combined, the sound wave at each position on a scanning path is regarded as an independent sound source, and the defect index indexes P (x, y) of imaging points (x, y) relative to M different scanning paths are obtained by accumulating through self-adaptive weighting.
If M is an odd number:
if M is an even number:
wherein M ═ R/d]，[]For an integer function, R is the distribution width of Lamb wave energy on both sides of the scanning path, α determines the rate at which Lamb wave energy decays on both sides of the scanning path, d a (x, y) is the scan direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 < th > scan path in the fiber direction, d b (x, y) is the scan direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 90 ° fiber direction th scan path, i, j being positive integer values.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
the ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, and in the prior art, the problem that the rapid detection and the detection precision are mutually contradictory exists in the air coupling ultrasonic same-side detection method, so that technical difficulties are taken by technical personnel in the field, and a rapid detection mode is abandoned; according to the ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board, the defect information is accurately represented by fully utilizing a small amount of representation information to the maximum extent through a synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm, and the problem that rapid detection and detection precision are contradictory is solved.
In a second embodiment, the present embodiment is further limited to the method for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board provided in the first embodiment, and the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the composite board material to be detected as the directions of step scanning;
step 1.2: detecting in a preset step length K along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode;
step 1.3: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
in a third embodiment, the method for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board provided in the first embodiment is further defined, and in the step 2, the method for obtaining the defect index DI specifically includes:
based on the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signal, the peak value of the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signal is calculated by the following formula:
DI a ＝U appmax -U app
DI b ＝U bppmax -U bpp ，
thus obtaining the compound.
In a fourth embodiment, the present embodiment is further limited to the ultrasonic defect detecting method for a composite board provided in the first embodiment, and in the step 4, the method for acquiring the defect position specifically includes:
if M is odd, then through the formula:
obtaining;
if M is even, then according to the formula:
thus obtaining the product.
Fifth, the present embodiment is further limited to the method for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board provided in the first embodiment, and the method is implemented based on the following apparatuses:
the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises an exciting air coupling transducer, a receiving air coupling transducer and an adjusting platform, wherein the exciting air coupling transducer is used for emitting ultrasonic waves, the receiving air coupling transducer is used for receiving echoes of the ultrasonic waves, and the adjusting platform is used for adjusting the distance and the deflection angle between the exciting air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer.
The implementation process of the air-coupled ultrasonic defect detection is specifically described with reference to fig. 2. Lamb waves have symmetrical and antisymmetric modes and frequency dispersion characteristics, and can excite multiple-order symmetric modes (S) under the same excitation frequency 0 ，S 1 ，…，S i ) With anti-symmetric mode (A) 0 ，A 1 ，…，A i ). In order to excite the decoupling transducer to have a relatively pure mode in the to-be-detected element, the excitation frequency of the transmitting decoupling transducer is smaller than a certain upper limit value according to the Lamb wave frequency dispersion curve and the thickness of the to-be-detected element. The excitation frequency f is then determined from the actual performance of the space-coupled transducer. According to research and analysis, the in-plane displacement of the symmetric mode is large, and the out-of-plane displacement of the anti-symmetric mode is large, so that the anti-symmetric mode is adopted for air-coupled ultrasonic detection. Determining the 0 degree fiber direction and the 90 degree fiber direction A by combining the frequency dispersion curve 0 Determining the linear scanning of 0-degree fiber direction and 90-degree fiber direction by using the phase velocity of the modal and the Snell law and the air sound velocity, and exciting and receiving the inclination angle theta of the air coupling transducer 1 And theta 2 . To ensure that the beam has sufficient energy, the excitation signal is determined to be positive with a Hanning window modulation having a center frequency f and a period NAnd the sinusoidal pulse signals are applied to the exciting air coupling transducer after passing through the low-pass filter, echoes are received by the receiving air coupling transducer at a receiving position, the received echoes are subjected to low-noise amplification by the preamplifier, are displayed by the oscilloscope and are uploaded to the upper computer. Assuming that the center position of the scanning area is set as the center of a circle (0,0), the scanning ranges of the 0 ° fiber direction and the 90 ° fiber direction are (-X, X) and (-Y, Y), respectively, and the scanning step is d. After linear scanning in the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction is finished, qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization of defects are achieved on all stored received echoes by applying a synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighted imaging algorithm on the upper computer.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting ultrasonic defects of a composite board, further comprising: two-dimensional motion platform, two motion modules and two regulating module, two motion modules set up two-dimensional motion platform on, can follow same straight line and be reciprocating motion, two regulating module be used for connecting respectively the relative position that states arouse air coupling transducer and receive air coupling transducer and make two transducers maintains mirror symmetry, and adjusts the contained angle of arouse air coupling transducer and receive air coupling transducer and vertical direction.
The seventh embodiment provides a composite board ultrasonic defect detection device, which is applied to a composite board material to be detected, and the device comprises:
module 1: the system is used for acquiring Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
and (3) module 2: the defect index DI is obtained through the Lamb wave signal;
and a module 3: defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanned area;
and a module 4: for obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
The eighth embodiment provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is read by a computer, the computer executes the ultrasonic defect detection method for a composite board provided in the first embodiment.
In a ninth implementation manner, the present implementation manner provides a computer, which includes a processor and a storage medium, where the storage medium stores a computer program, and when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer executes the method for detecting a defect provided in the first implementation manner.
In the tenth embodiment, there is provided a composite board, characterized in that the composite board is a composite board detected by the ultrasonic defect detection method for composite boards according to claim 1.
Eleventh, this embodiment provides a specific example of the defect detection method provided in the first embodiment, for comparing with the prior art, and is used to explain the defect detection method provided in any of the first to fourth embodiments; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the sample used in this embodiment is a T300/QY8911CFRP sheet, which has 20 layers in total, the sequence is [0/45/90/-45]2s, the thickness of each layer is 0.1mm, the thickness of the whole sheet is 2mm, the length is 300mm, and the width is 300 mm. In the process of laying the prepreg on the CFRP plate, a layer of round aluminum sheet with the thickness of 0.05mm and the diameter of 10mm is pre-laid between the 10 th layer and the 11 th layer so as to simulate inclusion defects. By combining theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a dispersion curve, the optimal incident angles of the air coupling transducer with 200kHz and the obtained fiber direction of 0 degree and the fiber direction of 90 degree are approximately 10.5 degrees and 17.5 degrees respectively. The arbitrary signal function generator is used for generating a sinusoidal pulse signal with a center frequency of 200kHz, Hanning window modulation and a pulse number of 5. To ensure that the air coupled ultrasonic transducer excites a sound wave of sufficient energy, a voltage power amplifier is used to increase the excitation signal voltage generated by any signal function generator to 400 Vpp. The two-dimensional adjusting platform adjusts the horizontal distance between the exciting air coupling ultrasonic transducer and the receiving air coupling ultrasonic transducer to be 200mm and the height distance between the exciting air coupling ultrasonic transducer and the receiving air coupling ultrasonic transducer to be 50 mm. The two-dimensional motion platform is used for realizing step scanning of a fiber direction of 0 degree and a fiber direction of 90 degrees. The preamplifier is used for amplifying and receiving echo signals of the air coupling transducer because the signals are greatly attenuated in air. The oscilloscope is used for displaying echo signals and storing data. The center position of the scanning area is taken as the center of a circle (0,0), the scanning ranges of the 0-degree fiber direction and the 90-degree fiber direction are (-30mm,30mm) and (-30mm,30mm), and the scanning steps are 0.5mm and 1.5mm respectively. After linear scanning in the fiber direction of 0 degree and the fiber direction of 90 degrees is finished, the traditional imaging algorithm is applied to the receiving echoes of 0.5mm scanning stepping and 1.5mm scanning stepping on the upper computer for imaging. Then, the synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighting imaging algorithm provided by the invention is adopted to image the received echo of the scanning step of 1.5 mm. The imaging results are shown in the following figure, and the quantitative characterization results are shown in table 1:
table 1: defect quantitative characterization result combining linear scanning data with different step lengths and different imaging methods
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, the images of the received echoes are respectively obtained under the situation of 0.5mm step scanning and 1.5mm step scanning by using the conventional imaging method and under the situation of 1.5mm step scanning by using the synthetic aperture adaptive weighting imaging method.
From qualitative analysis of imaging, it can be known that when linear step scanning is performed by adopting a 1.5mm step length, the real outline of the defect cannot be effectively characterized by adopting a traditional imaging method because the characterization information quantity is small. The synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighting imaging method provided by the invention can utilize limited characterization information to the maximum extent, and the defect characterization result is close to the characterization result of linear scanning with the step length of 0.5 mm. From the quantitative characterization result, the relative measurement error of the defect of the received echo of the 1.5mm step linear scanning directly by the traditional imaging method is 40.58%, while the relative measurement error of the defect of the received echo of the 1.5mm step linear scanning by the synthetic aperture adaptive weighting imaging is 18.62%, the difference of the received echo of the 0.5mm step linear scanning only by the traditional imaging method is 4.08%, but the detection time length is 1/9%, and the detection time length is greatly reduced while the imaging characterization precision is ensured. Therefore, the experiments show that when the synthetic aperture self-adaptive weighting imaging algorithm provided by the invention is used for quickly detecting, a small amount of characterization information is fully utilized to the greatest extent to accurately characterize the defect information, and the problem that the quick detection and the detection precision are contradictory to each other is solved to a certain extent.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrasonic defect detection method of the composite board is applied to the composite board to be detected, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
step 2: acquiring a defect index DI through the Lamb wave signal;
and step 3: defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanning area;
and 4, step 4: and acquiring the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
2. The ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises:
step 1.1: selecting two mutually orthogonal linear directions on the material of the composite board to be detected as the directions of step scanning;
step 1.2: detecting in a preset step length K along the step scanning direction in an ultrasonic detection mode;
step 1.3: collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material.
3. The ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the method for obtaining the defect index DI specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the amplitude peak value of the Lamb wave signal, the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining;
in the formula (II) a Is an index of defects in the 0 degree fiber direction, DI b Is a defect index in the 90-degree fiber direction, U appmax Is the maximum value of peak value, U, of Lamb wave signals of all scanning paths in the direction of 0 DEG fiber bppmax Is the maximum value of peak value, U, of Lamb wave signals of all scanning paths in the 90-degree fiber direction app Peak-to-peak value, U, of Lamb wave signal of the a-th scanning path in the direction of 0 DEG fiber bpp The peak value of Lamb wave signal of the b-th scanning path in the direction of 90 degrees of the fiber.
4. The ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the method for acquiring the defect position specifically comprises the following steps:
if M is an odd number, the following formula is adopted:
obtaining;
if M is even, then according to the formula:
obtaining;
wherein M ═ R/d]，[]For an integer function, R is the distribution width of Lamb wave energy on both sides of the scanning path, α determines the rate at which Lamb wave energy decays on both sides of the scanning path, d a (x, y) is the scan direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 0 < th > scan path in the fiber direction, d b (x, y) is the scan direction distance of the imaging point (x, y) from the 90 fiber direction th scan path, i, j being a positive integer value.
5. The ultrasonic defect detection method for the composite board according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is realized based on the following devices:
the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises an exciting air coupling transducer, a receiving air coupling transducer and an adjusting platform, wherein the exciting air coupling transducer is used for emitting ultrasonic waves, the receiving air coupling transducer is used for receiving echoes of the ultrasonic waves, and the adjusting platform is used for adjusting the distance and the deflection angle between the exciting air coupling transducer and the receiving air coupling transducer.
6. The ultrasonic defect inspection method of composite sheet material as defined in claim 5, wherein said apparatus further comprises: two-dimensional motion platform, two motion modules and two regulating module, two motion modules set up two-dimensional motion platform on, can follow same straight line and be reciprocating motion, two regulating module be used for connecting respectively the relative position that states arouse air coupling transducer and receive air coupling transducer and make two transducers maintains mirror symmetry, and adjusts the contained angle of arouse air coupling transducer and receive air coupling transducer and vertical direction.
7. Composite board material ultrasonic defect detection device is applied to the composite board material that awaits measuring, its characterized in that, the device include:
module 1: the system is used for collecting Lamb wave signals on the composite board material;
and (3) module 2: the defect index DI is obtained through the Lamb wave signal;
and a module 3: defining a virtual synthetic aperture for each imaging point of the scanned area;
and (4) module: for obtaining the defect position through the virtual synthetic aperture and the defect index DI.
8. A computer storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the storage medium is read by a computer, the computer executes the composite board ultrasonic defect detection method of claim 1.
9. A computer comprising a processor and a storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the storage medium, wherein when the processor reads the computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer performs the defect detection method of claim 1.
10. A composite board, wherein the composite board is a composite board inspected by the ultrasonic defect inspection method for composite boards according to claim 1.
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