CN114982581A - Ecological restoration afforestation method for wetland mangrove forest - Google Patents
Ecological restoration afforestation method for wetland mangrove forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN114982581A CN114982581A CN202210797252.6A CN202210797252A CN114982581A CN 114982581 A CN114982581 A CN 114982581A CN 202210797252 A CN202210797252 A CN 202210797252A CN 114982581 A CN114982581 A CN 114982581A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration afforestation method for a wetland mangrove forest in the field of environmental management, which comprises the following steps: step one, cleaning sludge, performing sectional water pumping and sludge cleaning on a repair area, and then performing aeration gasification treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge; secondly, processing the sludge in groups, returning the active sludge to a repair area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge; thirdly, the sludge is returned, firstly the activated sludge is input into a restoration area, so that the activated sludge is settled to form a dredged sludge covering layer, and then the dried bacterial sludge is input, so that the bacterial sludge is promoted to form hard dredged soil on the surface of the activated sludge; in the technical scheme, accumulated silt in the soil is removed, so that the saline-alkaline soil quality which influences plants is regulated and improved, and meanwhile, the hard dredged soil is used for preventing and controlling water and soil loss, and a stable soil platform is provided for plant roots planted on the surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental management, and particularly relates to a wetland mangrove forest ecological restoration afforestation method.
Background
The wetland is one of ecosystems and habitats of various organisms with important environmental functions on the earth. The wetland environment is formed by wetland hydrology, wetland biological geochemical cycle and wetland adaptation and modification of organisms, and in the wetland environment, various factors interact and depend on each other to jointly form the overall function of the wetland environment. The wetland is used as an amphibious transition zone, has huge environment regulation function and ecological benefit, is called three global ecological systems together with forests and oceans, has irreplaceable functions of other systems in the aspects of maintaining biological diversity, preventing flood and resisting drought, regulating climate, degrading pollutants, beautifying environment and providing production and living data, is one of the most important natural resources and living environment of human beings, and is known as 'the kidney of the earth'.
Since the middle of the 20 th century, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization processes in coastal areas, a large amount of industrial and domestic sewage, petroleum, oily wastewater and heavy metal pollutants are gathered at estuaries and seaports, so that the ecological system of the wetland mangrove forest is continuously degraded, and the area is continuously reduced. Relevant data show that the total area of the mangrove forest in China at present is less than 2/3 of the highest value of the history. The damage to mangrove forest also damages the coastal flora, which indirectly endangers the safety of marine life and human health. In addition, environmental problems such as global warming, sea level rising, seawater back-flow and the like are causing the loss of diversity of wetland ecosystems such as coasts and estuaries, and severely restricting the health development of society, economy and coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the restoration work of the estuary wetland is not easy to develop.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a wetland mangrove ecological restoration afforestation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ecological restoration forestation method for the mangrove forest in the wetland comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning sludge, performing sectional water pumping and sludge cleaning on a repair area, and then performing aeration gasification treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge;
secondly, processing the sludge in groups, returning the active sludge to a repair area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge;
thirdly, returning the sludge, namely inputting the activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredged sludge covering layer, and inputting the dried bacterial sludge to promote the bacterial sludge to form hard dredged soil on the surface of the activated sludge;
planting submerged plants and setting a microorganism attaching base on the surface of the hard dredged soil, and then recharging the wetland water body;
constructing flood control dikes, namely establishing flood control dikes with gabions as main materials around the restoration area, wherein the height of the gabions is 2.5-3.5m, bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are adopted outside the gabions, and the bearing boxes are bound with one another;
and step six, transplanting the plants, namely eradicating withered or dead plants, then transplanting young mangrove seedlings, and constructing an ecological floating bed around the mangrove seedlings.
After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: the accumulated silt in the soil is removed, so that the saline and alkaline soil quality which influences the plants is regulated and improved, the hard dredged soil is used for preventing and controlling water and soil loss, and a stable soil platform is provided for the root systems of the plants planted on the surface.
Further, the tidal channel is widened in the recharging process in the fourth step.
Further, the width of the widened tidal channel is 75 +/-5 cm, and the depth is 45 +/-5 cm.
Has the advantages that: building a new tidal trench, attracting activities such as foraging of animals at deep sea, improving interaction activities of the mudflat and seawater, laying a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm on the clay layer, improving the particle size structure and ventilation condition of surface soil, and facilitating the growth and survival of the subsequently planted swamp grasses and mangrove forests; the mangrove forest of pioneer tree species is planted after the saline marsh grass survives in a large area, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of the mudflat can be greatly improved, the clay is prevented from being adhered to the surface of the newly planted mangrove forest again, and the survival rate of the mangrove forest is improved.
Furthermore, pebbles, fine sand, water-absorbent resin and gravels are placed in the gabions in the fifth step, the pebbles are stacked in the bearing box, the water-absorbent resin is filled among the pebbles, and the fine sand and the gravels are loaded in gaps among the pebbles.
Has the advantages that: 1. the weight of the bearing box is increased through the accumulation of pebbles, so that the impact force of the gabion to water flow is resisted, and the impact of the water flow to the mangrove forest is reduced.
2. Compared with the prior art for reducing impact, the technical scheme is that the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded under the washing of water flow in the using process, the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded, so that gaps are formed between adjacent pebbles, the gabion is expanded under the condition that the gaps are formed, the intercepted water flow range is enlarged or the expanded water-absorbent resin fills gaps after the pebbles are impacted and worn, meanwhile, the gaps between the pebbles are enlarged to promote the movement of sand stones and fine sand, the sludge and sea sedges on the surfaces of the pebbles are washed in the flowing process, the risk that the pebbles or the bearing box are corroded is reduced, and meanwhile, the gaps are filled with the flowing fine sand and the sand stones, so that the intercepting effect is kept.
3. For the prior art that keeps the interception effect, utilize absorbent resin to strut the cobble clearance among this technical scheme after, fine sand and gravel all can flow along the clearance downwards, aggravate the weight of bearing box this moment, promote the steadiness.
And further, burying oyster piles at the periphery of the redwood which is not withered in the sixth step, and transplanting nautilus fusca and unequal clams on the trunk and the surfaces of the support rods of the redwood.
Further, cladophora was transplanted on aerial roots of the non-dead mangrove.
Has the advantages that: arranging oyster piles in mangrove stands, releasing nautilus fusca and unequal clams on trunks and leaves of non-dead mangrove plants, and transplanting cladophora on aerial roots of the non-dead mangrove plants; the species can attract more animals to move, and can remove and filter clay particles floating in the water body by utilizing marine organisms, so that the condition that the clay adheres to mangrove plants can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of the mangrove is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific implementation process of the present technical solution is as follows: a wetland mangrove ecological remediation afforestation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning sludge, performing sectional water pumping and sludge cleaning on a repair area, and then performing aeration gasification treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge;
secondly, processing the sludge in groups, returning the activated sludge to a restoration area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge;
thirdly, returning the sludge, namely inputting the activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredged sludge covering layer, and inputting the dried bacterial sludge to promote the bacterial sludge to form hard dredged soil on the surface of the activated sludge;
planting submerged plants on the surface of the hard dredging soil, setting a microorganism attaching base, then recharging the wetland water body, and widening the tidal ditch in the recharging process, wherein the width of the widened tidal ditch is 75 +/-5 cm, and the depth of the widened tidal ditch is 45 +/-5 cm.
Constructing flood control dikes, namely establishing flood control dikes around the restoration area, wherein the flood control dikes are made of stone cages as main materials, the height of the stone cages is 2.5-3.5m, bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are arranged outside the stone cages, the bearing boxes are bound with one another, pebbles, fine sand, water-absorbent resin and gravels are arranged in the stone cages, the pebbles are stacked in the bearing boxes, the water-absorbent resin is filled among the pebbles, and the fine sand and the gravels are loaded in gaps of the pebbles;
and sixthly, transplanting the plants, namely eradicating withered or dead plants, then transplanting young mangrove seedlings, constructing an ecological floating bed around the mangrove seedlings, burying oyster piles at the periphery of the mangrove which is not withered, transplanting naematoloma sublateritium and unequal clams on the trunk and the surface of a support rod of the mangrove, and transplanting cladophora into aerial roots of the mangrove forest which is not dead.
In the technical scheme, accumulated silt in soil is removed firstly in the process, so that the saline-alkaline soil quality influencing plants is regulated and improved, meanwhile, the hard dredged soil prevents and controls water and soil loss, a stable soil platform is provided for the root systems of the plants planted on the surface, a new tidal trench is created, activities such as foraging of animals in deep sea are attracted, the interaction activity of a mud flat and seawater is improved, a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm is paved on a clay layer, the particle size structure and the ventilation condition of surface soil are improved, and the growth and survival of the subsequently planted saline swamp grasses and mangrove forests are facilitated; planting the mangrove of pioneer tree species after the saline swamp grasses survive in large area can greatly improve the air permeability and water permeability of the mudflat, avoid the clay from adhering to the surface of the newly planted mangrove again, and improve the survival rate of the mangrove.
For protection, the weight of the bearing box is increased through the accumulation of the pebbles, so that the impact force of the gabion on water flow is resisted, the impact of the water flow on mangrove forests is reduced, the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded under the washing of the water flow, the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded to form gaps between adjacent pebbles, the gabion is expanded under the condition that the gaps are formed, the range of intercepted water flow is enlarged or the gaps are filled with the expanded water-absorbent resin after the pebbles are impacted and worn, meanwhile, the gaps between the pebbles are enlarged to promote the gravel and fine sand to flow, sludge and sea moss on the surfaces of the pebbles are washed in the flowing process, the risk that the pebbles or the bearing box are corroded is reduced, the flowing fine sand and the gaps keep the intercepting effect, after the gaps are filled with the water-absorbent resin, the fine sand and the gravel can both flow downwards along the gaps, and the weight of the bearing box is increased at the moment, the stability is improved.
Finally, oyster piles are arranged among mangroves, the periwinkle and the unequal clams are released on the trunks and the leaves of the plants of the non-dead mangroves, and cladophora is transplanted on the aerial roots of the non-dead mangroves; the species can attract more animals to move, and can remove and filter clay particles floating in the water body by utilizing marine organisms, so that the condition that the clay adheres to mangrove plants can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of the mangrove is further improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A wetland mangrove ecological remediation afforestation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning sludge, performing sectional water pumping and sludge cleaning on a repair area, and then performing aeration gasification treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge;
secondly, processing the sludge in groups, returning the activated sludge to a restoration area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge;
thirdly, returning the sludge, namely inputting the activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredged sludge covering layer, and inputting the dried bacterial sludge to promote the bacterial sludge to form hard dredged soil on the surface of the activated sludge;
planting submerged plants and setting a microorganism attaching base on the surface of the hard dredged soil, and then recharging the wetland water body;
constructing flood control dikes, namely establishing flood control dikes with gabions as main materials around the restoration area, wherein the height of the gabions is 2.5-3.5m, bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are adopted outside the gabions, and the bearing boxes are bound with one another;
and step six, transplanting the plants, namely eradicating withered or dead plants, then transplanting young mangrove seedlings, and constructing an ecological floating bed around the mangrove seedlings.
2. The wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the tidal channel is widened in the recharging process.
3. The wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the width of the widened tidal channel is 75 +/-5 cm, and the depth of the widened tidal channel is 45 +/-5 cm.
4. The wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: pebbles, fine sand, water-absorbent resin and gravels are arranged in the gabions in the step five, the pebbles are stacked in the bearing box, the water-absorbent resin is filled among the pebbles, and the fine sand and the gravels are loaded in gaps among the pebbles.
5. The wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the sixth step, oyster piles are buried at the periphery of the redwood which is not withered, and nauclea portulaca and unequal clams are transplanted on the trunk and the surface of the support rod of the redwood.
6. The wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: cladophora was transplanted onto aerial roots of non-dead mangroves.
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