CN114982581B - Ecological restoration forestation method for wetland mangrove forest - Google Patents
Ecological restoration forestation method for wetland mangrove forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN114982581B CN114982581B CN202210797252.6A CN202210797252A CN114982581B CN 114982581 B CN114982581 B CN 114982581B CN 202210797252 A CN202210797252 A CN 202210797252A CN 114982581 B CN114982581 B CN 114982581B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for ecologically restoring and forestation of a wetland mangrove forest, which belongs to the field of environmental treatment and comprises the following steps: step one, cleaning sludge, namely pumping water and dredging the repair area in a segmented mode, and then performing aeration treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge; step two, sludge grouping processing, namely, returning activated sludge to a repair area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge; inputting activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredging mud covering layer, inputting dried bacterial sludge, and promoting the bacterial sludge to form hard dredging soil on the surface of the activated sludge; the soil accumulation and siltation are removed in the technical scheme, so that the saline-alkali soil quality which influences plants is regulated and improved, meanwhile, the hard dredging soil is used for preventing and controlling water and soil loss, and a stable soil platform is provided for plant root systems planted on the surface.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of environmental treatment, and particularly relates to a wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method.
Background
Wetland is one of the habitats of various organisms and ecosystems on earth that have important environmental functions. The wetland environment is composed of wetland hydrology, wetland bio-wetland geochemical circulation, and adaptation and reconstruction of the wetland by organisms, and various factors interact and mutually depend in the wetland environment to jointly form the overall function of the wetland environment. The wetland is taken as an amphibious transition zone, has huge environmental regulation function and ecological benefit, is called as a global three-major ecological system together with forests and oceans, has the irreplaceable functions of other systems in the aspects of maintaining biodiversity, preventing flood and drought, regulating climate, degrading pollutants, beautifying environment and providing production and living data, is one of the most important natural resources and living environment of human beings, and is known as the kidney of the earth.
Along with the rapid development of industrialization and town development in coastal areas in the middle of the 20 th century, a large amount of industrial and domestic sewage, petroleum and oily wastewater and heavy metal pollutants are collected at estuaries and seaports, so that the wetland mangrove ecological system is continuously degraded and the area is continuously reduced. The related data show that the total area of mangrove forests in China is less than 2/3 of the highest historical value at present. The damage to the mangrove forest also causes damage to the coastal flora, which indirectly jeopardizes the safety and human health of marine organisms. In addition, environmental problems such as global warming, sea level rising, seawater backflow, etc. are causing the loss of diversity of wetland ecosystems such as coasts and estuaries, and severely restricting the healthy development of society, economy and coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the development of the repair work of the estuary wetland is remarkable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application aims to provide a wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: the ecological restoration forestation method for the wetland mangrove forest comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning sludge, namely pumping water and dredging the repair area in a segmented mode, and then performing aeration treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge;
step two, sludge grouping processing, namely, returning activated sludge to a repair area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge;
inputting activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredging mud covering layer, inputting dried bacterial sludge, and promoting the bacterial sludge to form hard dredging soil on the surface of the activated sludge;
planting submerged plants on the surface of the hard dredging soil, setting microorganism attachment bases, and recharging wetland water;
fifthly, constructing a flood control dike, namely building a flood control dike which takes a gabion as a main material around a restoration area, wherein the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, and bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are adopted outside the gabion and are mutually bound;
and step six, transplanting plants, namely shoveling withered or dead plants, transplanting young mangrove seedlings, and constructing an ecological floating bed around the mangrove seedlings.
After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: the accumulated silt in the soil is removed, so that the regulation and control of the saline-alkali soil which affects plants are improved, meanwhile, the hard dredging soil prevents and controls water and soil loss, and a stable soil platform is provided for plant root systems planted on the surface.
Further, in the fourth step, the tidal channel is widened in the recharging process.
Further, the width of the widened tidal channel is 75+ -5 cm, and the depth is 45+ -5 cm.
The beneficial effects are that: creating a new tide ditch, attracting animals at deep sea to feed, and the like, improving interaction of beach and sea water, paving a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm on a clay layer, improving the grain size structure and ventilation condition of surface soil, and being beneficial to growth and survival of salt marsh grass and mangrove forest which are planted subsequently; after the salt marsh grass survives in a large area, the mangrove of pioneer tree species is planted, so that the ventilation property and the water permeability of the mud flat can be greatly improved, the clay is prevented from adhering to the surface of the newly planted mangrove, and the survival rate of the mangrove is improved.
In the fifth step, pebbles, fine sand, water-absorbent resin and sand are arranged in the gabions, the pebbles are stacked in the bearing boxes, the water-absorbent resin is filled between the pebbles, and fine sand and sand are filled in gaps of the pebbles.
The beneficial effects are that: 1. the weight of the bearing box is increased through the accumulation of pebbles, so that the impact force of the gabion on water flow is resisted, and the impact of the water flow on mangrove forests is reduced.
2. Compared with the prior art for reducing impact, the technical scheme is characterized in that the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded under the flushing of water flow in the use process, so that gaps are generated between adjacent pebbles, the gabion is expanded under the condition that the gaps are generated, the intercepted water flow range is enlarged, or the gaps are filled with the water-absorbent resin expanded after the pebbles are impacted and worn, meanwhile, the gaps between the pebbles are enlarged, sand and fine sand are promoted to flow, sludge and sea sedge on the surfaces of the pebbles are flushed in the flowing process, the risk that the pebbles or the bearing boxes are corroded is reduced, gaps are filled with the flowing fine sand and sand, and the intercepting effect is maintained.
3. Compared with the prior art for keeping the interception effect, after the pebble gap is opened by utilizing the water-absorbent resin in the technical scheme, fine sand and sand can flow downwards along the gap, so that the weight of the bearing box is increased at the moment, and the stability is improved.
And in the step six, oyster piles are buried around the mangrove which is not yet withered, and black kosteletzkya virginica and unequal clams are transplanted on the surfaces of the trunk and the supporting rods of the mangrove.
Further, cladophora is transplanted onto the aerial roots of the undesireable mangrove.
The beneficial effects are that: oyster piles are arranged in mangrove forests, black kosteletzkya virginiana and unequal clams are released from trunks and leaves of the plants of the un-dead mangrove forests, and cladophora is transplanted on aerial roots of the un-dead mangrove forests; besides attracting more animals to move, the species can also remove and filter clay particles floating in the water body by using marine organisms, so that the condition that clay adheres to mangrove plants can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of mangrove is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, the implementation process of the present technical solution is as follows: a wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning sludge, namely pumping water and dredging the repair area in a segmented mode, and then performing aeration treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge;
step two, sludge grouping processing, namely, returning activated sludge to a repair area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge;
inputting activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredging mud covering layer, inputting dried bacterial sludge, and promoting the bacterial sludge to form hard dredging soil on the surface of the activated sludge;
planting submerged plants on the surface of the hard dredged soil, setting microorganism attaching bases, recharging the wetland water body, and widening the tidal ditch in the recharging process, wherein the width of the widened tidal ditch is 75+/-5 cm, and the depth is 45+/-5 cm.
Constructing a flood control dike, namely building a flood control dike which takes a gabion as a main material around a restoration area, wherein the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, bearing boxes which are made of corrosion-resistant materials are arranged outside the gabion, the bearing boxes are mutually bound, pebbles, fine sand, water-absorbent resin and sand stone are arranged in the gabion, the pebbles are stacked in the bearing boxes, the water-absorbent resin is filled between the pebbles, and fine sand and sand stone are loaded in gaps of the pebbles;
and step six, transplanting plants, namely, shoveling withered or dead plants, then transplanting young mangrove seedlings, constructing an ecological floating bed around the mangrove seedlings, burying oyster piles around the mangrove which are not withered, transplanting black-mouth conch and unequal clams on the surfaces of trunks and struts of the mangrove, and transplanting cladophora on aerial roots of the non-dead mangrove forest.
In the technical scheme, in the process, sediment accumulation in soil is removed firstly, so that the saline-alkali soil quality which affects plants is regulated and improved, meanwhile, hard dredging soil is used for preventing and controlling water and soil loss, a stable soil platform is provided for plant root systems planted on the surface, new tidal ditches are created, foraging activities of animals at deep sea and the like are attracted, interaction activities of mud flat and seawater are improved, a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm is paved on a clay layer to improve the grain size structure and ventilation condition of surface soil, and growth and survival of salt-marsh grass and mangrove forest planted later are facilitated; after the salt marsh grass survives in a large area, the mangrove of pioneer tree species is planted, so that the ventilation property and the water permeability of the mud flat can be greatly improved, the clay is prevented from adhering to the surface of the newly planted mangrove, and the survival rate of the mangrove is improved.
For protection, the weight of the bearing box is increased through accumulation of pebbles, so that the gabion resists the impact force of water flow, the impact of water flow on mangrove forests is reduced, the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded under the flushing of water flow, the water-absorbent resin is continuously expanded, gaps are formed between adjacent pebbles, the gabion is expanded under the condition that the gaps are formed, the intercepted water flow range is enlarged, or the water-absorbent resin expanded after the pebbles are impacted and worn fills the gaps, meanwhile, the gaps between the pebbles are enlarged to promote the sand and fine sand to flow, the silt and sea sedge on the surfaces of the pebbles are washed in the flowing process, the risk of the pebbles or the bearing box being corroded is reduced, meanwhile, the flowing fine sand and sand fill the gaps, the intercepting effect is kept, and after the pebble gaps are opened by the water-absorbent resin, the fine sand and the sand flow downwards along the gaps, and the weight of the bearing box is increased at the moment, and the stability is improved.
Finally, oyster piles are arranged in the mangrove, black kosteletzkya virginiana and unequal clams are released from trunks and leaves of the plants of the un-dead mangrove, and cladophora is transplanted on aerial roots of the un-dead mangrove; besides attracting more animals to move, the species can also remove and filter clay particles floating in the water body by using marine organisms, so that the condition that clay adheres to mangrove plants can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of mangrove is further improved.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A wetland mangrove ecological restoration forestation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning sludge, namely pumping water and dredging the repair area in a segmented mode, and then performing aeration treatment on the sludge so as to separate active sludge and deposited sludge;
step two, sludge grouping processing, namely, returning activated sludge to a repair area, drying the deposited sludge, and adding bacterial powder and a growth promoter to obtain bacterial sludge;
inputting activated sludge into a restoration area to settle the activated sludge to form a dredging mud covering layer, inputting dried bacterial sludge, and promoting the bacterial sludge to form hard dredging soil on the surface of the activated sludge;
planting submerged plants on the surface of the hard dredging soil, setting microorganism attachment bases, and recharging wetland water;
fifthly, constructing a flood control dike, namely building a flood control dike which takes a gabion as a main material around a restoration area, wherein the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, and bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are adopted outside the gabion and are mutually bound;
step six, transplanting plants, namely shoveling withered or dead plants, transplanting young mangrove seedlings, and constructing an ecological floating bed around the mangrove seedlings;
in the fifth step, pebbles, fine sand, water-absorbent resin and sand stones are arranged in the gabion, the pebbles are stacked in the bearing box, the water-absorbent resin is filled between the pebbles, and the fine sand and sand stones are loaded in gaps of the pebbles.
2. The method for ecologically restoring and forestation on a wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the fourth step, the tidal channel is widened in the recharging process.
3. The method for ecologically restoring and forestation on the wetland according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the width of the widened tidal channel is 75+/-5 cm, and the depth is 45+/-5 cm.
4. The method for ecologically restoring and forestation on a wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step six, embedding oyster piles around the mangrove which is not yet withered, and transplanting black kosteletzkya virginica and unequal clams on the surfaces of the trunk and the supporting rods of the mangrove.
5. The method for ecologically restoring and forestation on a wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and transplanting cladophora on the aerial roots of the undelivered mangrove.
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| CN202210797252.6A CN114982581B (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2022-07-08 | Ecological restoration forestation method for wetland mangrove forest |
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