CN114966512A - Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on standard TEM horn antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on standard TEM horn antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a standard TEM horn antenna-based ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method. And then placing the electric field sensor to be tested at the same position, recording the waveform and amplitude of the measured electric field, and then comparing the result with the test result of the standard TEM horn antenna to obtain the calibration coefficient of the sensor to be tested. The invention can solve the problem of accurate measurement of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation field. The method has important significance for developing ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse effect experiments and application research of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration, and relates to an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on a standard TEM horn antenna.
Background
The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse is a transient signal and has the characteristics of fast rising edge, short duration, high amplitude, wide frequency band and the like. Therefore, the test system is required to have extremely wide test bandwidth and large linear dynamic range, thereby providing new requirements for the calibration of the measurement sensor. Currently, no relevant calibration standard or standard exists internationally, and common ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse measuring antennas mainly comprise a TEM horn antenna, a D-dot antenna and the like, wherein the TEM horn antenna is a proportional antenna, and the working bandwidth, the proportional coefficient and the like of the TEM horn antenna are determined by geometric parameters of the TEM horn antenna; the D-dot antenna is a differential antenna, the electric field to be measured can be obtained after the measurement result needs to be integrated, and errors are easily introduced in the integration process. Therefore, there is a need for a method that enables accurate measurement of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a system and a method for calibrating an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor based on a standard TEM horn antenna, which can realize the calibration of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor and further solve the problem of accurate measurement of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
ultra wide band electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system based on standard TEM horn antenna includes: the device comprises a pulse source, a shielding chamber, a radiation antenna, an oscilloscope, an attenuator, a microwave darkroom, a standard TEM horn antenna, a support and a sensor to be detected;
the radiation antenna is externally connected with a pulse source; the radiation antenna, the standard TEM horn antenna and the support are all positioned in the microwave darkroom; the standard TEM horn antenna or the sensor to be measured is connected with an attenuator which is connected with an oscilloscope;
the pulse source is positioned in the shielding chamber; the standard TEM horn antenna or the sensor to be measured is positioned on the support; the radiation antenna is positioned at one end of the microwave darkroom, and the standard TEM horn antenna is positioned at the other end far away from the radiation antenna; the connection part of the shielding chamber and the microwave dark chamber is grounded.
The invention is further improved in that:
the standard TEM horn antenna or the sensor to be measured is connected with the attenuator through a shielded cable; and the standard TEM horn antenna is connected with an oscilloscope through an attenuator to measure the receiving voltage of the standard antenna.
The standard TEM horn antenna comprises two triangular flat plates; the two triangular flat plates are the same; the shielding cables are connected with the same vertex angles of the two triangular flat plates, and the two triangular flat plates form an opening angle with a certain angle; the angle of the opening angle is set by people.
The pulse source is an all-solid-state pulse source based on an avalanche triode switch, the radiation antenna is a combined oscillator antenna, and the pulse source and the radiation antenna generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation environment in a microwave darkroom.
The pulse source stably generates a dual-exponential signal with a leading edge of about 150 ps.
The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on the standard TEM horn antenna comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting a pulse source, and sending pulse waves with fixed amplitude and frequency to a microwave darkroom through a radiation antenna;
step 2: the standard TEM horn antenna is arranged at the other end of the microwave darkroom and is far away from the radiation antenna, so that the standard TEM horn antenna receives pulse waves sent by the radiation antenna and generates induced voltage;
and step 3: according to the induction voltage, calculating to obtain a measured electric field as a standard field;
and 4, step 4: replacing the standard TEM horn antenna with an antenna to be tested and arranging the standard TEM horn antenna at the same position; repeating the steps 1 to 3; obtaining a voltage field of a sensor to be detected;
and 5: and calculating to obtain a calibration proportionality coefficient according to the voltage field of the sensor to be measured and the standard field of the standard TEM horn antenna, so as to realize the calibration of the sensor to be measured.
And calculating to obtain a measured electric field as a standard field, specifically:
wherein V (t) is the electric field voltage of a standard TEM horn antenna; h is eq Is the equivalent height of the antenna and is half of the aperture height of a standard TEM horn antenna, i.e.
The standard TEM horn antenna also comprises the design of the standard TEM horn antenna before receiving the pulse wave transmitted by the radiation antenna; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the complex frequency domain transfer function of the standard TEM horn antenna receiving voltage U and the main shaft electric field E is
Wherein U is 2V 0 R represents the distance between the point on the main axis of the antenna and the throat of the antenna, c is the speed of light, h is the aperture height of the antenna, and s is the complex frequency; fg is the impedance factor, l is the horn face length;
wherein, Zo is vacuum wave impedance, and ZC is standard TEM horn antenna impedance;
the throat part of the antenna is a part where the same vertex angles of the two triangular flat plates are connected with the shielded cable; the antenna main shaft is an axis which is led out from the throat part of the antenna and bisects an opening angle formed by the two triangular flat plates;
the transfer functions of the standard TEM horn antenna in the low frequency band, the middle frequency band and the high frequency band are respectively as follows:
the transition frequency of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna is as follows:
the transition frequency of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna is as follows:
wherein,
E a the field strength is the aperture of the standard TEM horn antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts an ultra-wideband pulse source to excite a combined oscillator antenna to generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse space radiation electromagnetic field, then adopts a standard TEM horn antenna to test an electric field at a certain position of a radiation far-field space, and records the waveform and amplitude of the measured electric field as the standard value of the electric field at the position. And then placing the electric field sensor to be tested at the same position, recording the waveform and amplitude of the measured electric field, and then comparing the result with the test result of the standard TEM horn antenna to obtain the calibration coefficient of the sensor to be tested. The invention can solve the problem of accurate measurement of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation field. The method has important significance for developing ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse effect experiments and application research of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a space electric field measurement experiment of a standard TEM horn antenna;
FIG. 2 is an experimental configuration diagram for calibrating a sensor to be tested based on a standard TEM horn antenna test field;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a standard TEM horn antenna; wherein, (a) is a structural schematic diagram of a standard TEM horn antenna, and (b) is a parameter diagram of the standard TEM horn antenna;
FIG. 4 is an amplitude frequency plot of a standard TEM horn antenna;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of normalized waveforms of the measured field and the measured signal;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of normalized waveforms of the measured field and the integration result.
The device comprises a pulse source 1, a radiation antenna 2, a standard TEM horn antenna 3, a support 4, a shielding cable 5, an attenuator 6, an oscilloscope 7, a shielding chamber 8, a microwave darkroom 9 and a sensor to be detected 10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually arranged when the product of the present invention is used, the description is merely for convenience and simplicity, and the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal", if present, does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention discloses an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system based on a standard TEM horn antenna, comprising: the device comprises a pulse source 1, a shielding chamber 8, a radiation antenna 2, an oscilloscope 7, an attenuator 6, a microwave darkroom 9, a standard TEM horn antenna 3, a support 4 and a sensor to be detected 10;
the radiation antenna 2 is externally connected with a pulse source 1; the radiation antenna 2, the standard TEM horn antenna 3 and the support 4 are all positioned in a microwave dark room 9; the standard TEM horn antenna 3 or the sensor to be measured 10 is connected with the attenuator 6, and the attenuator 6 is connected with the oscilloscope 7;
the pulse source 1 is positioned in the shielding chamber 8; the standard TEM horn antenna 3 or the sensor to be measured 10 is positioned on the support 4; the radiation antenna 2 is positioned at one end of the microwave darkroom 9, and the standard TEM horn antenna 3 is positioned at the other end far away from the radiation antenna 2; the connection between the shielding chamber 8 and the microwave dark chamber 9 is grounded.
The standard TEM horn antenna 3 or the sensor to be measured 10 is connected with the attenuator 6 through the shielded cable 5; the standard TEM horn antenna 3 is connected with an oscilloscope 7 through an attenuator 6 to measure the standard antenna receiving voltage.
Referring to fig. 3(a) and 3(b), a standard TEM horn antenna may be used to test the radiation field of an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation system; the standard TEM horn antenna 3 comprises two triangular flat plates; the two triangular flat plates are the same; the shielding cable 5 is connected with the same vertex angle of the two triangular flat plates, and the two triangular flat plates form an opening angle with a certain angle; the angle of the opening angle is set by people. The opening angle between the triangular flat plates is 2 beta, the aperture height of the antenna is h, the width and the distance of the metal plates are increased according to the same proportion from the throat part of the horn to the aperture at the tail end of the horn, and therefore the characteristic impedance of the antenna is constant Zc. The opening angle of a standard TEM horn antenna is small.
The pulse source 1 is an all-solid-state pulse source based on an avalanche triode switch, the radiation antenna 2 is a combined oscillator antenna, and the pulse source 1 and the radiation antenna 2 generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation environment in a microwave darkroom 9.
The pulse source 1 stably produces a bi-exponential signal with a leading edge around 150 ps. The standard TEM horn antenna 3 parameters are 1: 100.
The complex frequency domain transfer function of the standard TEM horn antenna receiving voltage U and the main shaft electric field E is
Wherein U is 2V 0 R represents the distance between the point on the main axis of the antenna and the throat of the antenna, c is the speed of light, h is the aperture height of the antenna, and s is the complex frequency; fg is the impedance factor, l is the horn face length;
wherein, Zo is vacuum wave impedance, and ZC is standard TEM horn antenna impedance;
the throat part of the antenna is a part where the same vertex angles of the two triangular flat plates are connected with the shielded cable; the antenna main shaft is an axis which is led out from the throat part of the antenna and bisects an opening angle formed by the two triangular flat plates;
the transfer functions of the standard TEM horn antenna in the low frequency band, the middle frequency band and the high frequency band are respectively as follows:
the transition frequency of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna is as follows:
the transition frequency of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna is as follows:
wherein,
ea is the field strength of the aperture of a standard TEM horn, and for small opening angles,
referring to fig. 4, when the frequency spectrum of the transient electromagnetic signal is in the interval (f1, f2), the measured voltage and the incident electromagnetic field are in a proportional relationship, i.e. the relationship between the measured electric fields e (t) and v (t) in the time domain is,
in the formula h eq Is the equivalent height of the antenna, generally half the aperture height of the antenna, i.e.
The invention discloses a method for calibrating an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor based on a standard TEM horn antenna, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting a pulse source 1, and sending pulse waves with fixed amplitude and frequency to a microwave darkroom 9 through a radiation antenna 2;
step 2: arranging the standard TEM horn antenna 3 at the other end of the microwave darkroom 9 and far away from the radiation antenna 2, so that the standard TEM horn antenna 3 receives the pulse wave sent by the radiation antenna 2 and generates induced voltage;
and step 3: according to the induction voltage, calculating to obtain a measured electric field as a standard field;
and 4, step 4: replacing the standard TEM horn antenna 3 with an antenna to be tested and arranging the standard TEM horn antenna at the same position; repeating the steps 1 to 3; obtaining a voltage field of the sensor 10 to be measured;
and 5: and calculating to obtain a calibration proportionality coefficient according to the voltage field of the sensor to be measured 10 and the standard field of the standard TEM horn antenna 3, thereby realizing the calibration of the sensor to be measured.
Example calibration process of sensor to be tested:
taking the D-dot antenna as an example, the calibration process of the sensor 10 to be measured is described. And calibrating the D-dot antenna in a microwave darkroom by adopting an ultra-wideband radiation system and a standard TEM horn antenna. The radiation system consists of two modules, namely a pulse source and an ultra-wideband transmitting antenna. The pulse source 1 is a self-made dual-exponential source, and can stably generate a dual-exponential signal with the leading edge of about 150 ps. And measuring the far-field waveform by adopting a 1:100 standard TEM horn antenna to obtain a reference incident waveform during calibration.
The D-dot antenna is a differential antenna, and the integral of a measuring signal is in direct proportion to a measured field signal in an operating frequency band. The D-dot antenna sensitivity coefficient can be defined as
Where Vo is the antenna output signal and Ei is the incident field signal.
The calibration experiment was configured as follows: the pulse source 1 is arranged in a shielding room, is connected to the input end of the combined oscillator antenna through a cable, and radiates at one end of a darkroom. And a standard TEM horn antenna is placed at the other end, the support is used for controlling the position of the antenna, the output end of the antenna is connected with the shielding cable and then is connected with a darkroom, the darkroom is connected with an oscilloscope after passing through an attenuator, and after a standard field is measured, the standard TEM horn antenna is replaced by a D-dot antenna, so that the standard TEM horn antenna at the measuring position is ensured to be the same.
And respectively measuring the standard field signal and the differential signal by the standard TEM horn antenna and the D-dot antenna. Fig. 5 and 6 show the differential signal measured by the D-dot antenna and the signal obtained after software integration. The integrated waveform has the same trend as the standard field waveform and is basically consistent at the front edge, which shows that the manufactured D-dot can meet the measurement requirement of the 150ps front edge pulse waveform.
And comparing the amplitude of the integral waveform measured by the D-dot antenna with the amplitude of the standard field to obtain that the sensitivity coefficient of the D-dot antenna to be measured is S-0.2590 m-ps.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Ultra wide band electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system based on standard TEM horn antenna, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a pulse source (1), a shielding chamber (8), a radiation antenna (2), an oscilloscope (7), an attenuator (6), a microwave darkroom (9), a standard TEM horn antenna (3), a support (4) and a sensor to be detected (10);
the radiation antenna (2) is externally connected with a pulse source (1); the radiation antenna (2), the standard TEM horn antenna (3) and the support (4) are all positioned in a microwave darkroom (9); the standard TEM horn antenna (3) or the sensor (10) to be tested is connected with an attenuator (6), and the attenuator (6) is connected with an oscilloscope (7);
the pulse source (1) is positioned in a shielding chamber (8); the standard TEM horn antenna (3) or the sensor (10) to be measured is positioned on the support (4); the radiation antenna (2) is positioned at one end of the microwave darkroom (9), and the standard TEM horn antenna (3) is positioned at the other end far away from the radiation antenna (2); the connection part of the shielding chamber (8) and the microwave dark chamber (9) is grounded.
2. The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system based on the standard TEM horn antenna as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the standard TEM horn antenna (3) or the sensor to be measured (10) is connected with the attenuator (6) through a shielded cable (5); and the standard TEM horn antenna (3) is connected with an oscilloscope (7) through an attenuator (6) to measure the standard antenna receiving voltage.
3. The standard TEM horn antenna-based ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the standard TEM horn antenna (3) comprises two triangular plates; the two triangular flat plates are the same; the same vertex angle of the two triangular flat plates is connected with a shielded cable (5), and the two triangular flat plates form an opening angle with a certain angle; the angle of the opening angle is set manually.
4. The calibration system of claim 1, wherein the pulse source (1) is an all-solid-state pulse source based on avalanche triode switch, the radiation antenna (2) is a combined element antenna, and the pulse source (1) and the radiation antenna (2) generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation environment in the microwave dark room (9).
5. The standard TEM horn antenna based ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulse source (1) is stable producing a bi-exponential signal with a leading edge around 150 ps.
6. The calibration method of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor based on the standard TEM horn antenna according to any claim 1-5, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: starting a pulse source (1), and sending a pulse wave with fixed amplitude and frequency to a microwave darkroom (9) through a radiation antenna (2);
step 2: the standard TEM horn antenna (3) is arranged at the other end of the microwave darkroom (9) and is far away from the radiation antenna (2), so that the standard TEM horn antenna (3) receives the pulse wave sent by the radiation antenna (2) and generates induced voltage;
and step 3: according to the induction voltage, calculating to obtain a measured electric field as a standard field;
and 4, step 4: replacing the standard TEM horn antenna (3) with an antenna to be tested and arranging the standard TEM horn antenna at the same position; repeating the steps 1 to 3; obtaining a voltage field of a sensor (10) to be measured;
and 5: and calculating to obtain a calibration proportionality coefficient according to the voltage field of the sensor (10) to be measured and the standard field of the standard TEM horn antenna (3), thereby realizing the calibration of the sensor to be measured.
7. The method for calibrating the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor based on the standard TEM horn antenna according to claim 6, wherein the measured electric field obtained by calculation is used as a standard field, and specifically comprises:
wherein V (t) is the electric field voltage of a standard TEM horn antenna; h is eq Is the equivalent height of the antenna and is half of the aperture height of a standard TEM horn antenna, i.e.
8. The calibration method for the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor based on the standard TEM horn antenna as recited in claim 7, wherein the standard TEM horn antenna further comprises a design of the standard TEM horn antenna before receiving the pulse wave transmitted by the radiation antenna; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the complex frequency domain transfer function of the standard TEM horn antenna receiving voltage U and the main shaft electric field E is
Wherein, U is 2V 0 R represents the distance between the point on the main axis of the antenna and the throat of the antenna, c is the speed of light, h is the aperture height of the antenna, and s is the complex frequency; fg is the impedance factor, l is the horn face length;
wherein, Zo is vacuum wave impedance, and ZC is standard TEM horn antenna impedance;
the throat part of the antenna is a part where the same vertex angles of the two triangular flat plates are connected with the shielded cable; the antenna main shaft is an axis which is led out from the throat part of the antenna and bisects an opening angle formed by the two triangular flat plates;
the transfer functions of the standard TEM horn antenna in the low frequency band, the middle frequency band and the high frequency band are respectively as follows:
the transition frequency of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna is as follows:
the transition frequency of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna is as follows:
wherein,
E a the field strength is the aperture of the standard TEM horn antenna.
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