CN114966512B - Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on standard TEM horn antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on standard TEM horn antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on a standard TEM (transmission electron microscope) horn antenna. And then placing the electric field sensor to be measured at the same position, recording and measuring the waveform and amplitude of the electric field, and comparing the waveform and the amplitude with a standard TEM horn antenna test result to obtain the calibration coefficient of the sensor to be measured. The invention can solve the problem of accurate measurement of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation field. Has important significance for carrying out ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse effect experiments and application research of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration, and relates to an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on a standard TEM horn antenna.
Background
The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse is a transient signal and has the characteristics of fast rising edge, short duration, high amplitude, wide frequency band and the like. Thus, the test system is required to have extremely wide test bandwidth and large linear dynamic range, thereby putting new demands on calibration of the measurement sensor. At present, no relevant calibration standard or specification exists internationally, and a common ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse measuring antenna mainly comprises a TEM horn antenna, a D-dot antenna and the like, wherein the TEM horn antenna is a proportional antenna, and the working bandwidth, the proportional coefficient and the like of the TEM horn antenna are determined by geometric parameters of the TEM horn antenna; the D-dot antenna is a differential antenna, the electric field to be measured can be obtained after the measurement result is subjected to integration, and errors are easily introduced in the integration process. Therefore, a method is needed to accurately measure ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system and method based on a standard TEM horn antenna, which can realize the calibration of an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor and further solve the problem of accurately measuring an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system based on standard TEM horn antenna includes: the system comprises a pulse source, a shielding chamber, a radiation antenna, an oscilloscope, an attenuator, a microwave darkroom, a standard TEM horn antenna, a support and a sensor to be tested;
The radiation antenna is externally connected with a pulse source; the radiation antenna, the standard TEM horn antenna and the support are all positioned in the microwave darkroom; the standard TEM horn antenna or the sensor to be measured is connected with an attenuator, and the attenuator is connected with an oscilloscope;
the pulse source is positioned in the shielding chamber; the standard TEM horn antenna or the sensor to be measured is positioned on the support; the radiation antenna is positioned at one end of the microwave darkroom, and the standard TEM horn antenna is positioned at the other end far away from the radiation antenna; the connection part of the shielding chamber and the microwave darkroom is grounded.
The invention further improves that:
the standard TEM horn antenna or the sensor to be measured is connected with an attenuator through a shielding cable; the standard TEM horn antenna is connected with an oscilloscope through an attenuator to measure the receiving voltage of the standard antenna.
The standard TEM horn antenna comprises two triangular flat plates; the two triangular flat plates are identical; the same vertex angle of the two triangular flat plates is connected with a shielding cable, and the two triangular flat plates form an opening angle with a certain angle; the angle of the opening angle is set by a person.
The pulse source is an all-solid-state pulse source based on an avalanche triode switch, the radiation antenna is a combined oscillator antenna, and the pulse source and the radiation antenna generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation environment in a microwave darkroom.
The pulse source stably generates a double-index signal with the front edge of about 150 ps.
The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on the standard TEM horn antenna comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting a pulse source, and transmitting pulse waves with fixed amplitude and frequency to a microwave darkroom through a radiation antenna;
Step 2: the standard TEM horn antenna is arranged at the other end of the microwave darkroom and far away from the radiation antenna, so that the standard TEM horn antenna receives pulse waves sent by the radiation antenna and generates induced voltage;
Step 3: according to the induced voltage, calculating to obtain a measured electric field as a standard field;
Step 4: replacing the standard TEM horn antenna with an antenna to be tested, and setting the standard TEM horn antenna at the same position; repeating the steps 1 to 3; obtaining a voltage field of a sensor to be measured;
Step 5: and calculating to obtain a calibration proportion coefficient according to the voltage field of the sensor to be measured and the standard field of the standard TEM horn antenna, and realizing the calibration of the sensor to be measured.
The measured electric field is calculated as a standard field, and specifically:
Wherein V (t) is the electric field voltage of the standard TEM horn antenna; h eq is the equivalent height of the antenna, which is half of the caliber height of a standard TEM horn antenna, namely
The standard TEM horn antenna also comprises a design of the standard TEM horn antenna before receiving the pulse wave sent by the radiation antenna; the method comprises the following steps:
the complex frequency domain transfer function of the receiving voltage U of the standard TEM horn antenna and the main shaft electric field E is
Wherein, u=2v 0, r represents the distance between the point on the antenna main axis and the antenna throat, c is the speed of light, h is the aperture height of the antenna, s is the complex frequency; fg is an impedance factor, l is the length of the horn face;
Zo is vacuum wave impedance, zc is standard TEM horn antenna impedance;
The throat part of the antenna is the part of the two triangular plates, which is connected with the shielding cable, at the same vertex angle; the antenna main shaft is an axis led out from the throat of the antenna and bisects an opening angle formed by the two triangular flat plates;
the transfer functions of the low frequency band, the medium frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are respectively as follows:
the turning frequencies of the low frequency band and the medium frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are as follows:
the turning frequencies of the medium frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are as follows:
wherein,
E a is the field strength of the standard TEM horn antenna aperture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention adopts an ultra-wideband pulse source to excite a combined oscillator antenna to generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse space radiation electromagnetic field, then adopts a standard TEM horn antenna to test an electric field at a certain position of a radiation far-field space, and records the waveform and amplitude of the measured electric field as the standard value of the electric field at the position. And then placing the electric field sensor to be measured at the same position, recording and measuring the waveform and amplitude of the electric field, and comparing the waveform and the amplitude with a standard TEM horn antenna test result to obtain the calibration coefficient of the sensor to be measured. The invention can solve the problem of accurate measurement of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation field. Has important significance for carrying out ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse effect experiments and application research of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a standard TEM horn antenna measurement space electric field experimental configuration;
FIG. 2 is an experimental configuration diagram for calibrating a sensor under test based on a standard TEM horn antenna test field;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a standard TEM horn antenna; wherein, (a) is a structural schematic diagram of a standard TEM horn antenna, and (b) is a parameter diagram of the standard TEM horn antenna;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the amplitude versus frequency of a standard TEM horn antenna;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing normalized waveforms of a measured field and a measurement signal;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the normalized waveforms of the measured field and the integration result.
The device comprises a 1-pulse source, a 2-radiation antenna, a 3-standard TEM horn antenna, a 4-support, a 5-shielding cable, a 6-attenuator, a 7-oscilloscope, an 8-shielding chamber, a 9-microwave darkroom and a 10-sensor to be tested.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system based on a standard TEM horn antenna, comprising: the device comprises a pulse source 1, a shielding chamber 8, a radiation antenna 2, an oscilloscope 7, an attenuator 6, a microwave darkroom 9, a standard TEM horn antenna 3, a support 4 and a sensor 10 to be measured;
the radiation antenna 2 is externally connected with a pulse source 1; the radiation antenna 2, the standard TEM horn antenna 3 and the support 4 are all positioned in a microwave darkroom 9; the standard TEM horn antenna 3 or the sensor 10 to be measured is connected with an attenuator 6, and the attenuator 6 is connected with an oscilloscope 7;
The pulse source 1 is positioned in the shielding chamber 8; the standard TEM horn 3 or the sensor to be measured 10 is located on the support 4; the radiation antenna 2 is positioned at one end of the microwave darkroom 9, and the standard TEM horn antenna 3 is positioned at the other end far away from the radiation antenna 2; the connection between the shielding chamber 8 and the microwave darkroom 9 is grounded.
The standard TEM horn antenna 3 or the sensor to be measured 10 is connected with an attenuator 6 through a shielded cable 5; the standard TEM horn 3 is connected to an oscilloscope 7 through an attenuator 6 to measure the standard antenna receiving voltage.
Referring to fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), a standard TEM horn antenna may be used to test the radiation field of an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation system; the standard TEM horn 3 comprises two triangular plates; the two triangular flat plates are identical; the same vertex angle of the two triangular flat plates is connected with a shielding cable 5, and the two triangular flat plates form an opening angle with a certain angle; the angle of the opening angle is set by a person. The opening angle between the triangular flat plates is 2 beta, the caliber height of the antenna is h, and the width and the distance of the metal plates are increased according to the same proportion from the throat part of the horn to the caliber of the tail end of the horn, so that the characteristic impedance of the antenna is constant to be Zc. The opening angle of a standard TEM horn antenna is small.
The pulse source 1 is an all-solid-state pulse source based on an avalanche triode switch, the radiation antenna 2 is a combined oscillator antenna, and the pulse source 1 and the radiation antenna 2 generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation environment in the microwave darkroom 9.
The pulse source 1 is stabilized to generate a double-exponential signal with a front of about 150 ps. The standard TEM horn 3 parameters were 1:100.
The complex frequency domain transfer function of the receiving voltage U of the standard TEM horn antenna and the main shaft electric field E is
Wherein, u=2v 0, r represents the distance between the point on the antenna main axis and the antenna throat, c is the speed of light, h is the aperture height of the antenna, s is the complex frequency; fg is an impedance factor, l is the length of the horn face;
Zo is vacuum wave impedance, zc is standard TEM horn antenna impedance;
The throat part of the antenna is the part of the two triangular plates, which is connected with the shielding cable, at the same vertex angle; the antenna main shaft is an axis led out from the throat of the antenna and bisects an opening angle formed by the two triangular flat plates;
the transfer functions of the low frequency band, the medium frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are respectively as follows:
the turning frequencies of the low frequency band and the medium frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are as follows:
the turning frequencies of the medium frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are as follows:
wherein,
Ea is the field strength of the standard TEM horn antenna aperture and, for the small opening angle case,
Referring to fig. 4, when the spectrum of the transient electromagnetic signal is in the (f 1, f 2) interval, the measured voltage is proportional to the incident electromagnetic field, that is, the measured electric field E (t) and V (t) are in the time domain,
Wherein h eq is the equivalent height of the antenna, which is generally half the caliber height of the antenna, namely
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on a standard TEM horn antenna, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting a pulse source 1, and transmitting pulse waves with fixed amplitude and frequency to a microwave darkroom 9 through a radiation antenna 2;
step2: the standard TEM horn antenna 3 is arranged at the other end of the microwave darkroom 9 and far away from the radiation antenna 2, so that the standard TEM horn antenna 3 receives the pulse wave sent by the radiation antenna 2 and generates induction voltage;
Step 3: according to the induced voltage, calculating to obtain a measured electric field as a standard field;
step 4: the standard TEM horn antenna 3 is replaced by an antenna to be tested and is arranged at the same position; repeating the steps 1 to 3; obtaining a voltage field of the sensor 10 to be measured;
step 5: and calculating to obtain a calibration scaling factor according to the voltage field of the sensor to be measured 10 and the standard field of the standard TEM horn antenna 3, and realizing the calibration of the sensor to be measured.
Example of calibration procedure of sensor to be measured:
Taking a D-dot antenna as an example, the calibration process of the sensor 10 to be measured is described. The calibration of the D-dot antenna is carried out in a microwave darkroom, and the D-dot antenna is calibrated by adopting an ultra-wideband radiation system and a standard TEM horn antenna. The radiation system consists of two modules, namely a pulse source and an ultra-wideband transmitting antenna. The pulse source 1 is a self-made double-index source, and can stably generate a double-index signal with the front edge of about 150 ps. And measuring far-field waveforms by adopting a standard TEM horn antenna of 1:100 to obtain reference incident waveforms in the standard process.
The D-dot antenna is a differential antenna that has an integral of the measurement signal proportional to the measured field signal over the operating frequency band. The D-dot antenna sensitivity coefficient can be defined as
Where Vo is the antenna output signal and Ei is the incident field signal.
The calibration experiment was configured as follows: the pulse source 1 is arranged in the shielding room, is connected to the input end of the combined element antenna through a cable, and radiates at one end of the darkroom. And a standard TEM horn antenna is placed at the other end, the support is used for controlling the position of the antenna, the output end of the antenna is connected with the shielding cable and then is connected with the darkroom, the darkroom is connected with the oscilloscope after passing through the attenuator, and the standard field is measured, and then the standard TEM horn antenna is replaced by a D-dot antenna, so that the measurement position is ensured to be the same.
Standard TEM horn antenna and D-dot antenna are measured to obtain standard field signal and differential signal, respectively. Fig. 5 and 6 show the differential signal measured by the D-dot antenna and the signal integrated by software. The integrated waveform has the same trend as the standard field waveform, and is basically consistent with the standard field waveform at the front edge, which shows that the manufactured D-dot can meet the measurement requirement of the 150ps front edge pulse waveform.
And comparing the integrated waveform amplitude and the standard field amplitude of the D-dot antenna measurement, and obtaining the sensitivity coefficient of the D-dot antenna to be measured as S= 0.2590 m.ps.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method is characterized in that the method adopts an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system for calibration, and the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration system comprises the following steps: the device comprises a pulse source (1), a shielding chamber (8), a radiation antenna (2), an oscilloscope (7), an attenuator (6), a microwave darkroom (9), a standard TEM horn antenna (3), a support (4) and a sensor (10) to be tested;
the radiation antenna (2) is externally connected with a pulse source (1); the radiation antenna (2), the standard TEM horn antenna (3) and the support (4) are all positioned in the microwave darkroom (9); the standard TEM horn antenna (3) or the sensor (10) to be detected is connected with an attenuator (6), and the attenuator (6) is connected with an oscilloscope (7);
The pulse source (1) is positioned in a shielding chamber (8); the standard TEM horn antenna (3) or the sensor (10) to be measured is positioned on the support (4); the radiation antenna (2) is positioned at one end of the microwave darkroom (9), and the standard TEM horn antenna (3) is positioned at the other end far away from the radiation antenna (2); the connection part of the shielding chamber (8) and the microwave darkroom (9) is grounded;
The method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: starting a pulse source (1), and transmitting pulse waves with fixed amplitude and frequency to a microwave darkroom (9) through a radiation antenna (2);
step 2: the standard TEM horn antenna (3) is arranged at the other end of the microwave darkroom (9) and far away from the radiation antenna (2), so that the standard TEM horn antenna (3) receives pulse waves sent by the radiation antenna (2) and generates induced voltage; the standard TEM horn antenna also comprises a design of the standard TEM horn antenna before receiving the pulse wave sent by the radiation antenna; the method comprises the following steps:
standard TEM horn antenna receiving voltage Electric field with main shaftThe complex frequency domain transfer function of (2) is
Wherein,R represents the distance between the point on the main axis of the antenna and the throat of the antenna, c is the speed of light, h is the caliber height of the antenna, and s is the complex frequency; As an impedance factor, the impedance of the sample, The length of the horn surface;
wherein, Zc is the standard TEM horn antenna impedance;
the antenna throat is the part of the two triangular plates, which is connected with the shielding cable, at the same vertex angle; the antenna main shaft is an axis led out from the throat of the antenna and bisects an opening angle formed by the two triangular flat plates;
the transfer functions of the low frequency band, the medium frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are respectively as follows:
the turning frequencies of the low frequency band and the medium frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are as follows:
the turning frequencies of the medium frequency band and the high frequency band of the standard TEM horn antenna are as follows:
wherein,
E a is the field intensity of the caliber of the standard TEM horn antenna;
Step 3: according to the induced voltage, the measured electric field is calculated to be used as a standard field, specifically:
wherein, The electric field voltage of the standard TEM horn antenna; is the equivalent height of the antenna, which is half of the caliber height of a standard TEM horn antenna, namely
Step 4: replacing the standard TEM horn antenna (3) with an antenna to be tested and arranging the standard TEM horn antenna at the same position; repeating the steps 1 to 3; obtaining a voltage field of the sensor (10) to be measured;
step 5: and calculating to obtain a calibration scaling factor according to the voltage field of the sensor to be measured (10) and the standard field of the standard TEM horn antenna (3), and realizing the calibration of the sensor to be measured.
2. Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on standard TEM horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the standard TEM horn antenna (3) or the sensor to be measured (10) is connected to an attenuator (6) by a shielded cable (5); the standard TEM horn antenna (3) is connected with an oscilloscope (7) through an attenuator (6) to measure the receiving voltage of the standard antenna.
3. The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on a standard TEM horn according to claim 2, wherein the standard TEM horn (3) comprises two triangular plates; the two triangular flat plates are identical; the same vertex angle of the two triangular flat plates is connected with a shielding cable (5), and the two triangular flat plates form an opening angle with a certain angle; the angle of the opening angle is set by people.
4. The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on the standard TEM horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the pulse source (1) is an all-solid-state pulse source based on an avalanche triode switch, the radiation antenna (2) is a combined element antenna, and the pulse source (1) and the radiation antenna (2) generate an ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation environment in a microwave darkroom (9).
5. The ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse sensor calibration method based on the standard TEM horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the pulse source (1) stably generates a double-index signal with a front edge of about 150 ps.
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| TWI717129B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-01-21 | 國立交通大學 | Antenna performance evaluation method |
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