CN114965080B - Rock burst induction device and rock burst induction method - Google Patents
Rock burst induction device and rock burst induction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114965080B CN114965080B CN202210673675.7A CN202210673675A CN114965080B CN 114965080 B CN114965080 B CN 114965080B CN 202210673675 A CN202210673675 A CN 202210673675A CN 114965080 B CN114965080 B CN 114965080B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150066742 TRI1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock burst induction device and a rock burst induction method, wherein the device comprises a rock burst induction box, a cubic rock sample and an unloading rod, wherein the rock sample is provided with a sample hole, the unloading rod can advance and retreat in the sample hole, and the rock sample is respectively provided with external power energy for pressing the rock sample in one vertical dimension and two mutually vertical horizontal dimensions. The rock burst inducing method includes determining the stress value of standard rock sample in each stage, testing and recording the destruction stress corresponding to the stress level, applying 80-95% destruction stress corresponding to the stress level to the cubic rock sample, and pulling out the unloading rod to make rock burst. Therefore, scientific and technological personnel can predict the mechanical conditions of rock burst occurrence under different complex stress environments according to the indoor rock burst test results, provide an original reference basis for the treatment of engineering rock burst disasters, effectively reduce the rock burst scientific research cost and improve the rock burst disaster research efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep rock engineering, in particular to a rock burst induction device and a rock burst induction method.
Background
Rock burst is a very complex disaster in the field of deep rock engineering, and often occurs in the process of excavating and unloading an underground cavity with obvious characteristics of high ground stress, hard and brittle rock mass, large burial depth, structural development and the like. In the underground cavity excavation process, as the rock mass is suddenly excavated, the stress balance state of the original rock of the rock mass is destroyed, and rock burst disasters are very easy to happen in the process of readjusting the stress state. The rock burst is a dynamic unsteady engineering disaster with the characteristics of obvious burst, dramatic intensity and the like. The underground rock engineering is subjected to rock burst disaster, equipment can be directly damaged, the life safety of constructors is seriously threatened, great economic loss can be caused, normal construction is hindered, and the construction progress is slowed down. Due to the complexity of the rock burst generation mechanism, the current knowledge of the rock burst generation mechanism is seriously insufficient, and the management of rock burst disasters is very deficient. The key basis for controlling the rock burst disaster is to deeply recognize the rock burst occurrence mechanism. At present, the rock burst generation mechanism is mainly researched and studied through on-site research, so that the mechanical conditions of rock burst generation under different complex stress environments are predicted, and an original reference basis is provided for the management of engineering rock burst disasters. However, this approach is time consuming and cannot be reproduced repeatedly, making the rock burst scientific research costly and inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rock burst induction device and a rock burst induction method, so as to achieve the purposes of rapidly acquiring main rock burst induction parameters, reducing rock burst scientific research cost and improving rock burst scientific research efficiency.
The invention relates to a rock burst induction device, which comprises a rock burst induction box, a cubic rock sample, an unloading rod, an unloading hole and a sample hole, wherein the unloading rod is arranged on the rock burst induction box, the unloading rod is tightly matched with the sample hole and can advance and retreat in the unloading hole and the sample hole under the action of external force, and external power energy is respectively arranged on the rock sample in one vertical dimension and two mutually perpendicular horizontal dimensions to press the rock sample.
As a preferred embodiment, the external power of the vertical dimension adopts a single-shaft compression tester, the rock burst induction box is provided with an upper pressure head inlet hole of the single-shaft compression tester at the top, and an upper pressure head for the single-shaft compression tester can enter the rock burst induction box to press a rock sample. The dimensions of the cubic rock sample were 100mm x 100mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the external power of the two horizontal plane dimensions adopts a high-pressure oil cylinder.
Preferably, the sample hole is a cylindrical hole, the depth of the hole is 0.5 times of the side length of the cubic rock sample, and the inner radius of the hole is 2/5-2/7 times of the half side length of the sample.
The method for carrying out rock burst induction by using the rock burst induction device comprises the following steps:
Adopting a cylindrical standard rock sample, wherein the peak intensity is sigma;
2) Determining the stress value of the stress level of the rock sample in each stage when the rock sample in the step 1) is stressed in the vertical direction;
3) Adopting a cubic rock sample, wherein the side length of the sample is equal to the height of the cylindrical standard rock sample in the step 1);
4) Simultaneously pressing the cubic rock sample in two mutually perpendicular horizontal dimensions according to the stress values of the stress levels of each stage determined in the step 2), wherein each pressing reaches the stress value of the stress level of each stage in the step 2);
5) After each pressing reaches the stress value of each stage, pressing the cubic rock sample in the vertical dimension until the rock sample is damaged, and recording the damage stress corresponding to the stress level of each stage;
6) Placing the cubic rock sample in the step 3) in a rock burst induction box, wherein the sample hole faces an unloading hole on the rock burst induction box, and penetrating an unloading rod into the unloading hole and extruding the unloading rod into the sample hole;
7) And (3) applying pressure to the cubic rock sample in the two horizontal dimensions perpendicular to each other to respectively reach the stress values of the stress levels in the stages in the step (2) and keep stable, and then applying pressure to the cubic rock sample in the vertical dimension to 80% -95% of the breaking stress corresponding to the stress levels in the stages in the step (5) and keep stable, and rapidly pulling out an unloading rod after all the pressure is stable, so that rock mass is subjected to rock burst.
Preferably, the stress level of each stage in the step 2) is a first stress level of an elastic stage, a second stress level, a third stress level and a fourth stress level of an intermediate stage, and a fifth stress level of a termination stage, wherein the stress value of the first stress level is 0.2σ, the stress value of the second stress level is 0.375 σ, the stress value of the third stress level is 0.55σ, the stress value of the fourth stress level is 0.725 σ, and the stress value of the fifth stress level is 0.9σ, wherein σ is the peak strength σ in the step 1).
The rock burst induction device and the rock burst induction method can repeatedly reproduce the rock burst phenomenon under laboratory conditions, so that scientific research and engineering personnel can conveniently and intuitively know the rock burst mechanism, and according to indoor rock burst test results, the mechanical conditions of rock burst occurrence under different complex stress environments can be predicted, so that an original reference basis is provided for the treatment of engineering rock burst disasters, the rock burst scientific research cost is effectively reduced, and the rock burst disaster research efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the invention can be used for teaching work of universities and scientific research institutions, and the occurrence of rock burst can be observed under the indoor test condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rock burst inducing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the rock burst induction tank.
In the figure: the rock burst induction box 1, a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12, a front baffle 13, an upper pressure head inlet 14 and an unloading hole 15; an unloading rod 2;
The left high-pressure oil cylinder 3, the left high-pressure oil cavity pushing pressure head 31, the left high-pressure oil cavity oil injection pump 32 and the left high-pressure oil pipe 33; the rear high-pressure oil cylinder 4, the rear high-pressure oil cavity pushing ram 41, the rear high-pressure oil cavity oil injection pump 42 and the rear high-pressure oil pipe 43; rock sample 5, rock sample hole 51; an upper pressure head I and a lower pressure disc II of the single-shaft compression instrument.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The technical scheme of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
1-4 Reflect the specific structure of the rock burst inducing device of the present invention, and it can be seen from the drawings that the rock burst inducing device of the present invention includes a rock burst inducing box 1, a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12, a front baffle 13, an upper ram inlet 14, and an unloading hole 15; an unloading rod 2; the left high-pressure oil cylinder 3, the left high-pressure oil cavity pushing pressure head 31, the left high-pressure oil cavity oil injection pump 32 and the left high-pressure oil pipe 33; the rear high-pressure oil cylinder 4, the rear high-pressure oil cavity pushing ram 41, the rear high-pressure oil cavity oil injection pump 42 and the rear high-pressure oil pipe 43; rock sample 5, rock sample hole 51; an upper pressure head I and a lower pressure disc II of the single-shaft compression instrument.
The rock burst induction box 1 comprises a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12 and a front baffle 13, wherein an upper pressure head inlet 14 is arranged on the top plate 11, and an unloading hole 15 is arranged on the front baffle 13 and is positioned in the geometric center of the front baffle.
The rock sample 5 is in the shape of an regular cube, and a rock sample hole 51 is formed in the geometric center of the front face of the rock sample hole, the inner radius of the rock sample hole is 2/5-2/7 times the side length of the rock sample, the inner radius of the rock sample hole is 2/5 times the side length of the rock sample in the embodiment, the depth is 0.5 times the side length of the rock sample, the rock sample 5 is placed in the rock burst induction box 1, and the inner diameter of the rock sample hole 51 is the same as and aligned with the inner diameter of the unloading hole 15.
The left high-pressure oil cylinder 3 and the rear high-pressure oil cylinder 4 are respectively positioned at the left side and the rear side of the rock sample 5 in the rock burst induction box 1, the left high-pressure oil cavity pushing ram 31 can apply pressure to the rock sample 5 from the left side, the rear high-pressure oil cavity pushing ram 41 can apply pressure to the rock sample 5 from the rear side,
The left high-pressure oil chamber oil pump 32 supplies power oil to the left high-pressure oil cylinder 3 through the left high-pressure oil pipe 33, and the rear high-pressure oil chamber oil pump 42 supplies power oil to the rear high-pressure oil cylinder 4 through the rear high-pressure oil pipe 43.
The rock burst induction box 1 is placed on a single-shaft compression instrument, a bottom plate 12 of the rock burst induction box 1 is located on a lower pressure plate II of the single-shaft compression instrument, and an upper pressure head I of the single-shaft compression instrument enters the rock burst induction box 1 from an upper pressure head inlet 14 of the rock burst induction box 1 and is used for applying vertical dimension pressure to a rock sample 5.
Before rock burst induction, the unloading rod 2 is extruded into the unloading hole 15 and the rock sample hole 51, and then rock burst induction is performed.
The rock burst induction method comprises the following steps:
And firstly, carrying out rock uniaxial compression mechanical test. The rock used was a standard size rock sample, a cylindrical rock sample of 100mm height and 50mm diameter. The peak strength of the rock sample under the uniaxial compression condition is sigma, the initial stress level 0.2 sigma and the final stress level 0.9 sigma of the rock under the uniaxial compression condition are determined, the initial stress level is determined to be a first stress level, the final stress level is determined to be a fifth stress level, the stress gradients of the middle section and the like are respectively determined to be a second stress level, a third stress level and a fourth stress level, namely, the first stress level is 0.2 sigma, the second stress level is 0.375 sigma, the third stress level is 0.55 sigma, the fourth stress level is 0.725 sigma, and the fifth stress level is 0.9 sigma;
And a second step of: and carrying out true triaxial rock mechanical testing. The following is specified: the up-down loading direction is the first main stress loading direction, the left-right loading direction is the second main stress loading direction, the front-back loading direction is the third main stress loading direction, and the second main stress is the same as the third main stress. The rock sample for carrying out the true triaxial rock mechanical test is placed on a compression table of a rock true triaxial pressure tester. Rock sample sizes used in true triaxial rock mechanics testing were 100mm x 100mm cube samples. According to the stress values of five stress levels of the rock elastic stage under the uniaxial compression condition, applying a second main stress and a third main stress to the rock sample by a rock true triaxial pressure tester, wherein the magnitude of the second main stress and the third main stress applied each time is equal to the stress values of five stress levels of the rock elastic stage under the uniaxial compression condition, then applying a first main stress until the rock sample is broken, and recording the breaking stress of the rock sample under the five stress levels under the triaxial compression condition of the rock true triaxial pressure tester, wherein the breaking stress is respectively recorded as sigma tri1,σtri2,σtri3,σtri4,σtri5;
And a third step of: and carrying out a rock burst induction test. The rock burst induction box 1 of the rock burst induction device is placed on a rock uniaxial compression test bed, a cubic rock sample 5 with the rock sample size of 100mm multiplied by 100mm prepared in advance is filled into the rock burst induction box 1, an upper pressure head I of a uniaxial compression instrument is sent into an upper pressure head inlet 14 on a roof of the rock burst induction box, and the vertical center line of the rock burst induction box 1 is adjusted to coincide with the vertical center lines of an upper pressure head I and a lower pressure disc II of the uniaxial compression test machine as much as possible. The left high-pressure cylinder 3 is connected to the left high-pressure chamber oil pump 32 through a left high-pressure oil pipe 33, and the rear high-pressure oil pipe 43 is connected to the rear high-pressure cylinder 4 and the rear high-pressure chamber oil pump 42.
The unloading rod 2 is pushed into the rock sample hole 51 in the rock sample through the unloading hole 15 in the front baffle of the rock burst inducing box. According to the stress values of the five stress levels determined in the first step, namely, a first stress level 0.2σ, a second stress level 0.375 σ, a third stress level 0.55σ, a fourth stress level 0.725 σ and a fifth stress level 0.9σ, hydraulic oil is fed into the left high-pressure oil cylinder 3 and the rear high-pressure oil cylinder 4 through the left high-pressure oil chamber oil pump 32 and the rear high-pressure oil chamber oil pump 42 respectively, so that the left high-pressure oil chamber pushing ram 31 and the rear high-pressure oil chamber pushing ram 41 respectively move towards the rock sample and gradually squeeze the rock sample, the first stress level 0.2σ is kept stable on the rock sample, the first main stress is applied to the first stress level 0.2σ and is kept stable corresponding to the breaking stress of the rock sample of 0.8-0.95 σtri1, the stress levels of the compressive, elasticity, plasticity and the breaking stages are different due to different rock types, when the stress levels reach 80% of peak stress/breaking stress, the rock enters the plastic stage, the stored rock can reach the limit state, and the rock explosion tends to be carried out in the limit state of 0.9. And after the first, second and third main stresses are completely stabilized, the unloading rod 2 is quickly pulled out through a pulling machine. The work done by the rock uniaxial compression tester and the two cylinders is stored to a large extent in the rock sample 5 under the gathering of the rock burst induction box 1. When the unloading rod 2 is instantaneously pulled out, the energy stored in the rock sample 5 is rapidly released, causing the surrounding rock in the rock sample hole 51 to undergo a rock burst phenomenon.
Fourth step: for the second stress level of 0.375 sigma, the third stress level of 0.55 sigma, the fourth stress level of 0.725 sigma, the fifth stress level of 0.9 sigma, repeating the third step, and then applying the first main stress to the surrounding rock in the rock sample hole 51 at different stress levels respectively, wherein the second stress level of 0.375 sigma, the third stress level of 0.55 sigma, the fourth stress level of 0.725 sigma, and the fifth stress level of 0.9 sigma correspond to the breaking stress of the rock sample, 9 sigma tri2、0.9σtri3、0.9σtri4、0.9σtri5 is selected and kept stable in the embodiment, and the unloading rod is pulled out quickly, so that the rock sample 5 is subjected to rock burst phenomenon at different stress levels respectively.
Fifth step: and (5) finishing rock burst induction.
According to the embodiment, the rock burst phenomenon can be repeatedly reproduced under laboratory conditions, so that scientific research and engineering personnel can conveniently and intuitively know the rock burst mechanism, main rock burst induction parameters are rapidly acquired according to indoor rock burst test results, the mechanical conditions of rock burst occurrence under different complex stress environments are predicted, and an original reference basis is provided for the management of engineering rock burst disasters. Meanwhile, the invention can be used for teaching work of universities and scientific research institutions, and the occurrence of rock burst can be observed under the indoor test condition.
Claims (7)
1. The rock burst inducing device is characterized by comprising a rock burst inducing box, a cubic rock sample, an unloading rod, wherein the rock burst inducing box is provided with an unloading hole, the rock sample is provided with a sample hole, the unloading rod can be tightly matched with the sample hole and can advance and retreat in the unloading hole and the sample hole under the action of external force, and external power energy is respectively applied to the rock sample in one vertical dimension and two mutually perpendicular horizontal dimensions.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the external force in the vertical dimension is a uniaxial compression tester, and the rock burst induction box is provided with an upper ram inlet hole in the top for the uniaxial compression tester, and the upper ram of the uniaxial compression tester can enter the rock burst induction box to press the rock sample.
3. The rock burst-inducing device according to claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the cubic rock sample are 100mm x 100mm.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the external forces in both horizontal dimensions are high pressure cylinders.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sample hole is a cylindrical hole having a depth of 0.5 times the side dimension of the cubic rock sample and an inside radius of 2/5 to 2/7 of the side dimension of the cubic rock sample.
6. A method of rock burst induction with a rock burst induction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) Adopting a cylindrical standard rock sample, wherein the peak intensity is sigma;
2) Determining the stress value of the stress level of the rock sample in each stage when the rock sample in the step 1) is stressed in the vertical direction;
3) Adopting a cubic rock sample, wherein the side length of the sample is equal to the height of the cylindrical standard rock sample in the step 1);
4) Simultaneously pressing the cubic rock sample in two mutually perpendicular horizontal dimensions according to the stress values of the stress levels of each stage determined in the step 2), wherein each pressing reaches the stress value of the stress level of each stage in the step 2);
5) After each pressing reaches the stress value of each stage, pressing the cubic rock sample in the vertical dimension until the rock sample is damaged, and recording the damage stress corresponding to the stress level of each stage;
6) Placing the cubic rock sample in the step 3) in a rock burst induction box, wherein the sample hole faces an unloading hole on the rock burst induction box, and penetrating an unloading rod into the unloading hole and extruding the unloading rod into the sample hole;
7) And (3) applying pressure to the cubic rock sample in the two horizontal dimensions perpendicular to each other to respectively reach the stress values of the stress levels in the stages in the step (2) and keep stable, and then applying pressure to the cubic rock sample in the vertical dimension to 80% -95% of the breaking stress corresponding to the stress levels in the stages in the step (5) and keep stable, and rapidly pulling out an unloading rod after all the pressure is stable, so that rock mass is subjected to rock burst.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the stress levels of each stage in step 2) are a first stress level of an elastic stage, a second stress level of an intermediate stage, a third stress level, and a fourth stress level, and a fifth stress level of a termination stage, wherein the stress value of the first stress level is 0.2σ, the stress value of the second stress level is 0.375 σ, the stress value of the third stress level is 0.55σ, the stress value of the fourth stress level is 0.725 σ, and the stress value of the fifth stress level is 0.9σ, wherein σ is the peak strength σ of step 1).
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106442174A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-02-22 | 广西大学 | True triaxial test method for simulating shearing type rock burst |
| CN108519282A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-11 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst |
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| CN110940596B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-10-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock high-stress high-temperature micro-nano indentation test system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106442174A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-02-22 | 广西大学 | True triaxial test method for simulating shearing type rock burst |
| CN108519282A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-11 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst |
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