CN108519282A - A kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst - Google Patents
A kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst Download PDFInfo
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- CN108519282A CN108519282A CN201810220085.2A CN201810220085A CN108519282A CN 108519282 A CN108519282 A CN 108519282A CN 201810220085 A CN201810220085 A CN 201810220085A CN 108519282 A CN108519282 A CN 108519282A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of test methods of simulation different type rock burst, it is characterised in that includes the following steps：Step 1：The preparation of rock burst sample；Step 2：The test method of top gradient load after the load of six face of three-dimensional, single side unloading is carried out to rock burst sample；Step 3：Suitable initial confining pressure is chosen, it is horizontal to be loaded onto initial confining pressure, then in the case where other each area loads are constant, passes through horizontal single side unloading simulation adit digging process；Step 4：Realize that the purpose of different gradient loads, simulation chamber tangential stress are concentrated by controlling four groups of independent loaders at the top of rock burst sample.Gradient load is until rock burst sample destroys；Step 5：Rock burst sample loads in destructive process, and record is monitored to experiment process；Step 6：Test data arranges and analysis.The brittle failure mode locally occurred in engineering is identified in this method, and rational country rock construction method and support system is selected to have important theory and engineering significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulation experiment methods of rock burst, and in particular to a kind of experiment side of simulation different type rock burst
Method belongs to rock mechanics experiment field.
Background technology
In recent years, as the engineerings such as countries in the world mining, traffic, water conservancy, national defence, nuclear waste srorage are further to deep rock
Body develops, and hard rock Rockburst Problem caused by excavation off-load becomes increasingly conspicuous under high-ground stress.Although having been carried out up to hundreds of
The exploration in year, but eventually because the features such as diversity of Rock-burst and complexity of formation mechenism makes the achievement in research of rock burst exist
Seem awkward in the concrete application of engineering.Rock burst be due to after adit digging radial stress reduce, tangential stress concentrate and
Caused country rock brittle break phenomenon.Rock burst scene has randomness, preparation process have it is sudden, to production safety and
Engineering Reliability it is very harmful, be critical issue urgently to be resolved hurrily in current deep rock mass engineering project.
Sigma of Norway (Sima) power station rock burst, big sillar are ejected from side abutment wall, and pressure is big, it is sufficient to cross
Machine room and another side wall outside slap shot to 20m.The tunnels drawing woods railway Ba Yu positioned at Chinese Qinghai-Tibet Platean, in April, 2017
To shearing-type Rock-burst repeatedly occurs between June, sillar ejects with having no sign at the sound, and power is huge, is caused to construction
Huge harm.II grade of power station diversion tunnel rock burst of silk screen, bulk rock beam protrude outward, and failure mechanics are almost flat with axis
Row, prominent rock beam thickness 60mm, intermittently continues 2 hours.It can be summed up by the rock burst feature at scene：It is sent out inside country rock clear and melodious
Explosion tearing sound when, rock burst mechanical mechanism shows as pressure and drawing crack type is caused to destroy, and how parallel hole wall occurs and only relates to mantle rock
Body, rock are got off with flake, lenticular, plate-like form explosion stripping (falling), no ejection phenomenon, and fracture is in fresh shell more
Shape；Dull cracker is sent out inside country rock, when the sound is smaller, rock burst mechanical mechanism is mainly shown as that pressure causes shearing-type to destroy,
Popping rock is mostly lenticular, rib plate, bulk or sheet etc., there is an ejection phenomenon, and how wedge shaped fracture is or arch shaped cavity.
The rock burst type of complete country rock is divided into plate and splits the rock burst of buckling type, strain type rock burst and shearing-type rock burst three by Orlepp
Class.Plate splits buckling type rock burst --- and country rock splitting is at plate, and rock beam pushes in the tangential force effect of country rock and bends unstability, then along parallel
It is discharged in the huge rock beam of excavation face；Strain type rock burst --- country rock splitting is sent out at plate, rock beam with complete country rock intersection
Raw failure by shear, rock beam or the ejection of parallel excavation face or crushing are in block, piece throwing after destruction (progressivity internally develops)；Shearing
Rockmass is run through in type rock burst --- sheared deformation zone, and with the having no sign throwing at the sound of the larger sillar of the scale of construction destroys the most violent
It is strong.Requirement of the different rock burst Failure types to construction method and construction maintenance function is different, once it deals with improperly, by pole
The earth threatens the safety of operating personnel and construction equipment, and construction delay and heavy economic losses can be caused when serious.
Deep rock mass is mostly hard brittle rock mass.To inherently recognize the original for leading to different surrounding rock brittle failure mode
Because it is necessary to from the stress of country rock.The brittle break of rock burst country rock occurs mainly in tangential stress after adit digging
In centralized procedure, and tangential stress is larger in Dong Bichu, and with certain gradient to successively decreasing inside country rock, buried depth, digging mode,
Texture is made etc. to be all distributed it and be impacted.From the point of view of mechanical mechanism, rock burst destruction may have 3 kinds of reasons：First, off-load is returned
The result of bullet；Second is that with the propulsion of simulation of excavation process, the principal stress level that model is born is continuously increased, and model is tangential
The gradient distribution of stress concentration process will cause principal direction of stress dynamic to deflect, inclination angle and length of the rock bridge relative to principal direction of stress
Degree will directly affect the deformation and failure mechanism of model rock burst model；Third, the rockmass around rock burst area be equivalent to one it is soft
Property loading system, rock burst destroy when, surrounding rockmass strain energy release be rock burst supplement energy.Evade rock burst hazard and focuses on machine
Reason research, experiment is one of the basis of rock burst Mechanism Study, but original uniaxial, normal triaxial and true triaxial rockburst experiment are adopted more
It is hydraulic rigid loading system, in rock sample softening transform, the on-load pressure bust of loader can not be compensated, it is difficult to reproduce
Rock burst ejection or throwing phenomenon.In addition, the moulded dimension employed in experiment is smaller, and it only considered the work that top uniformly loads
With so that the stress level and actual conditions rock burst when rock burst occurs are in the feelings less than even much lower than country rock uniaxial compressive strength
Occur under condition inconsistent.The main reason for causing different Rock-bursts to occur, mainly answers with after ambient stress residing for rock mass and excavation
Power concentrates path-dependent.Therefore, using six face of large volume test specimen three-dimensional load --- single side fast discharging --- top gradient with
The mode of gas-liquid Combined Loading is unfolded to test, can be from the angle of engineering rock mass system loading characteristic, by changing different stress
Concentrate path to achieve the purpose that real simulation different type Rock-burst, experiment process can really reflect rock excavation it is front and back by
The change of power state.
In conclusion the experiment of interior rock burst at present is mostly that each face hydraulic rigid of small size uniformly loads, there has been no can realize
The Experimental Method in Laboratory of different type Rock-burst.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst, this method is opened based on engineering rock mass
Loading characteristic after digging, by country rock tangential stress distribution form after control excavation off-load, to simulate different types of rock burst.
The invention is realized in this way：
A kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst, includes the following steps：
Step 1：The preparation of rock burst sample；
It makes hard brittleness and meets rock burst condition, intensity and dimensional accuracy meet the similar material of rock that testing equipment load requires
Expect sample；
Since the acquisition of natural rock sample, processing and experiment loading procedure etc. are multi-party by physical condition and experimental rig requirement etc.
The limitation in face；Therefore, experiment replaces natural rock sample to carry out model test by using analog material；To meet the hard of rock burst rock mass
The loading environment of brittleness and experimental rig, selection meets intensity in instrument loading range and the higher material of brittleness is rock
Analog material, and make the model test piece for meeting size needed for loading equipemtn；
Step 2：The test method of top gradient load after the load of six face of three-dimensional, single side unloading is carried out to rock burst sample；
This test method is the stress before and after the ambient stress, excavation residing for rock mass according to during live adit digging
State and stress path and accordingly select and use；
Step 3：Suitable initial confining pressure is chosen, each face of rock burst sample is carried out at the same time point according to initial confining pressure size
Grade load, stops load when being loaded onto initial confining pressure level, and voltage stabilizing is for a period of time, then constant in other each area loads
In the case of, simulation adit digging process is unloaded by horizontal single side；
Initial confining pressure is advised according to the distribution of the ratio between vertical stress obtained by countries in the world geostress survey result and horizontal stress
Rule is chosen；
Step 4：Realize that different gradients add by controlling four groups of independent gas-liquid Combined Loading devices at the top of rock burst sample
The purpose of load；It is loaded by the gradient distribution form of design, to control the generation of different type Rock-burst, gradient load
Until rock burst sample destroys；
Step 5：Rock burst sample loads in destructive process, using stress acquisition system to confining pressure load and each gradient load
Monitored in real time, meanwhile, experiment during be further provided with strain acquirement equipment, acoustic emission device, elastic wave CT scanner,
SEM electron-microscope scannings measuring instrument is monitored record to experiment process, with high-speed camera recording different types rock burst breakoff phenomenon；
Step 6：Test data arranges and analysis.
Further scheme is：
The rock burst sample of step 1 is high strength gypsum material, and gypsum material has certain water paste ratio, and adds certain
For the citric acid of amount as retarder, the rock burst specimen size of preparation is the cuboid test specimen of 400mm × 600mm × 1000mm, rock
Quick-fried sample complete after through air drying and drying and processing.
Further scheme is：
The load and unloading of step 2 are to add unloading rock burst device by the large-scale real triaxial of gradient and gas-liquid Combined Loading
It realizes.
Initial confining pressure is synchronized by three-dimensional to be loaded, and excavation simulation is quickly opened the door using single side by the way of unloading.At the top of test specimen
Control gradient load realized by four groups of mutually independent 6 gas-liquid Combined Loading devices, can be after true anti-rock excavation
Surrounding rock of chamber tangential stress centralized procedure.
It should be noted that large-scale real triaxial here adds unloading rock burst device, it is not the limitation for the present invention, only
It disclosure satisfy that the pressure-loaded and relieving capacity that satisfactory stabilization is carried out to rock burst sample.
Further scheme is：
The initial confining pressure of step 3 is counted according to E.T.Brown and E.Hoek obtained by the geostress survey result of countries in the world
The regularity of distribution of vertical stress and the ratio between horizontal stress is chosen.
Hierarchical loading is each face confining pressure load by rock burst sample with 0.5MPa hierarchical loadings, and every grade of load time is
10min, voltage stabilizing 5min after every grade of load.When being loaded onto initial confining pressure level, voltage stabling control is 6 hours.
Horizontal single side unloading simulation adit digging process, specifically：The rapid horizontal confining pressure of unloading one side of opening the door, exposure rock burst
The unloading face of sample, other each surface pressures remain unchanged.
Further scheme is：
Gradient loading procedure after the test specimen excavation of step 4, the load of test specimen gradient are mainly based upon underground space chamber and open
The regularity of distribution of country rock tangential stress after digging is simplified and is simulated using different exponential function curves, by the gradient index point of design
Cloth form is loaded, to achieve the purpose that different type Rock-burst.
Specifically, for gradient 1 still with 0.5MPa incremental classifications, other gradient forces can pass through the meter of exponential function simulation curve
Synchronous loading force is calculated, is destroyed until rock burst occurs.Test specimen belongs to semi-static load before destroying, and the load time of every grade of power is
10min, voltage stabilizing 5min after load.
Further scheme is：
In step 5, monitoring record records load using stress acquisition system, and strain acquirement equipment is to paste to try in rock burst
Foil gauge inside sample, the test piece deformation feature in process of rock-burst is acquired by foil gauge, and rock burst is acquired using acoustic emission device
Physical signal in the process, the degree of impairment after being destroyed using the acquisition test specimen rock burst of elastic wave CT scanner, is swept using SEM Electronic Speculum
Measuring instrument is retouched to be scanned the broken hole of rock burst and rock burst clast to determine that characteristic is carefully seen in the non-plastic fracture of rock burst model, using high speed
The throwing process of camera record rock burst fragment, and take pictures after the end of the test to test specimen.
Further scheme is：
The test data of step 6 arranges and analysis.Reach simulation different type rock burst by controlling different loading gradients
Destroy, by different type rock burst test in monitoring with record test specimen at the top of load, strain, acoustic emission information, CT scan,
Clast throwing feature, rock burst hole in the different type rock burst generating process of SEM electron-microscope scannings result and high-speed camera record
Feature, fragment cracking properties, in all types of rock burst generating processes stress characteristic, crackle development characteristics, test specimen cracking properties,
Energy release rule etc. carries out complete contrast's analysis.
The test method that the present invention simulates different type rock burst is different from traditional single shaft, normal triaxial and true triaxial test
The small size rigidity oil pressure used in method is rigidly evenly distributed with load test method, and the present invention can simulate the big of digging in-situ process
Scale physical model test, for it is studied the problem of, using top gradient load, for simulation brittle break surrounding rock body elasticity
The impact property of strain energy overcomes in rock sample softening transform, the shortcomings that can not compensating the on-load pressure bust of loader, uses
The compound self-balancing of gas-liquid adds uninstalling system.From the point of view of experimental result, which is the generation mechanism of different type rock burst
Experimental study provides powerful support, has important scientific and engineering meaning to rock burst scientific research and engineering practice.
Specifically, the present invention have the advantages that following technical characterstic and：
1, can be reproduced in laboratory complete country rock different type rock burst from the whole process bred to generation.To research
The surrounding rock failure characteristic and influence factor of different type rock burst recognize all kinds of phenomenons of different type process of rock-burst, to split
Failure mode of surrounding rock, extent of the destruction are estimated caused by digging, and the brittle failure mode locally occurred is identified, and selection is closed
The country rock construction method and support system of reason provide strong research technique.
2, can real simulation different type rock burst breed generation environment.The present invention mainly loads mould by six face of three-dimensional
Quasi- initial field stress after single side unloading, reaches the complete country rock of simulation by controlling the tangential different gradient stress distribution of country rock
The purpose of different types of Rock-burst.No matter entire loading procedure when this experimental method is destroyed from sample dimensions and test specimen,
It is all consistent with the mechanical environment of adit digging process under actual conditions, meanwhile, top is vertical maximum broken when model test is destroyed
Bad payload values (being equivalent to tunnel free face tangential stress) and cast material uniaxial compressive strength ratio are between 0.5~0.7,
Destroy that the conclusion that occurs when less than uniaxial compressive strength is consistent with rock burst, and all kinds of Rock-bursts all with live complete country rock
Rock-burst coincide.Large volume gradient is tested stress characteristic when no matter being destroyed from test specimen with gas-liquid Combined Loading rock burst or is tried
The damage -form of part, all consistent with the rock burst breakoff phenomenon in Practical Project, model test reliability used by illustrating is higher,
Test result has certain representativeness.
3, the stress condition of different type rock burst generation and the test specimen rupture spy during all types of rock bursts generation can be disclosed
Property.The present invention realizes the purpose of different type rock burst using different gradient load paths, by different load path features,
Stress condition when different type rock burst generates can be obtained, meanwhile, it also can more accurately reproduce during rock burst destroys with shearing
The increase of ingredient, quick-fried hole present flat to arc even triangle or V-arrangement；Stress level after country rock off-load is higher containing cutting into
Point bigger, rock burst casts phenomenon also stronger feature.
4, the explication de texte of complete country rock different type process of rock-burst can be achieved.Different type rock burst can occurs in the present invention
The generation, extension connection, the damage of rock burst test specimen of micro-crack, the Acoustic Emission in destructive process, rock burst hole and rock in the process
The processes such as macroscopic view, the microscopic pattern of quick-fried clast carry out detailed monitoring and record, are broken to can get different type rock burst country rock
Characteristic and influence factor are split, all kinds of phenomenons of different type rock burst are recognized, grasps the pests occurrence rule of different type rock burst.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the tangential stress distribution form within the scope of adit digging country rock certain depth of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is rock burst loading procedure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is model stress occurrence status before excavating；
Fig. 4 is the stress loading path after excavating；
The stress loading path time-history curves of Fig. 5 a different rock burst types in order to control (plate splits type rock burst, b=0)；
The stress loading path time-history curves of Fig. 5 b different rock burst types in order to control (plate splits type rock burst, b=2)；
The stress loading path time-history curves (strain type rock burst, b=4) of Fig. 5 c different rock burst types in order to control；
The stress loading path time-history curves (shearing-type rock burst, b=6) of Fig. 5 d different rock burst types in order to control；
Fig. 6 is that plate splits destructive process figure；
Fig. 7 is that plate splits buckling type rock burst destructive process figure；
Fig. 8 is strain type rock burst destructive process figure；
Fig. 9 is shearing-type rock burst destructive process figure.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described further in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.It should be noted that implementation described herein
Scheme is served only for for example, being not intended to limit the present invention.
Rock burst takes place mostly in the centralized procedure of country rock tangential stress after underground chamber excavates, and tangential stress is in Dong Bichu
It is larger, and with certain gradient to successively decreasing (as shown in Figure 1) inside country rock, buried depth, digging mode, geological structure etc. all can be to its points
Cloth impacts.Different types of process of rock-burst is reproduced to experiment it is necessary to from the loading characteristic of surrounding rock of chamber, pass through control
Different stress concentration paths is made to realize.Based on the regularity of distribution of underground space adit digging country rock tangential stress, Ke Yijian
Y=ae is adopted in change-bx+ c curve simulations.
As shown in Fig. 2, wherein y is that for certain point along the tangential stress of chamber, x is certain point inside country rock inside underground space country rock
To the distance of hole wall；A is hole wall country rock tangential stress, gradient 1 (gradient peak load) loaded value in gradient load；C is protolith
Original top pressure；B is coefficient, and different coefficient b has reacted different stress gradients, the load mode corresponding to coefficient b=0
It is uniformly loaded for top, the load mode corresponding to coefficient b ≠ 0 loads for top gradient.B values are bigger, represent top gradient and answer
Force difference is different bigger.Using above-mentioned model test apparatus and cast material, specifically, divides and use b=0, b=2, b=4, b=6 tetra-
The different top gradient load mode of kind carries out rockburst control experiment.
The present invention uses six face loading simulation initial field stress (as shown in Figure 3) of three-dimensional；Single side unloads and model top ladder
Country rock tangential stress centralized procedure (as shown in Figure 4) after spending the unloading of stress loading excavation simulation and excavating；With reference to opening for scene
The centralized procedure for digging the lower surrounding rock of chamber tangential stress of disturbance, specifies and uses load path as shown in Figure 2.It is good to make integrality
Good, the higher rock analog material test specimen of brittleness is country rock Representative Volume Element, specifically uses high strength gypsum material, and add one
Quantitative citric acid is as retarder, the cuboid test specimen of 400mm × 600mm processed × 1000mm.Test specimen passes through normal after completing
Warm drying and drying and processing.
The large-scale real triaxial referred in the present invention adds unloading rock burst device, is in the domestic and international of inventor team independent research
On the basis of First large size rock burst experimental rig (patent No. ZL201210588364.7), by the way that the hydraulic pressure at the top of equipment is added
Loading system is adapted as the gas-liquid Combined Loading system that Headquarters of the General Staff three are researched and developed and obtains (patent No. CN201320376374.4).Experiment dress
It sets and is made of host (gradient and the compound rock burst model test apparatus of gas-liquid), hydraulic control system, pneumatic control system three parts.
Mutually independent four groups of gas-liquids two-way Combined Loading device is installed at the top of host, maximum load ability is 20MPa, can to test specimen into
Row stepwise gradient loads.On the right side of host and rear side is equipped with lateral uniform distributed pressure loader, and maximum load ability is 5MPa, can be with
Realize the confining pressure load of two and three dimensions.Left side, front side and the bottom of host are model limiting device.
Certainly, large-scale real triaxial here adds unloading rock burst device that can also use other that can realize the dress of said function
It sets, limitation of the present invention can not be interpreted as.
The present embodiment simulates the test method of different type rock burst, and specific implementation step is as follows：
Step 1：This experiment adjusts the parameters of pure gypsum material by adjusting different water paste ratios, and selects lemon
Lemon acid makees retarder.Uniaxial compressive examination mainly is carried out to the cube specimen of 150mm × 150mm × 150mm of different water paste ratios
It tests, measures elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, the impact energy index W of test specimenBDeng.According to
The generalization index of brittleness Rock burst proneness material cast material, choose intensity and impact energy index it is relatively high gypsum institute it is right
The water paste ratio answered, and the cuboid test specimen of 400mm × 600mm × 1000mm processed is made accordingly.Test specimen complete after through room temperature
Dry and drying and processing determines the integrality of test specimen by measuring ultrasonic velocity.
Step 2：Test specimen is pushed into positioning apparatus by the test specimen in rock burst equipment, is pushed in equipment pressurizing chamber, it is ensured that
Respectively to load centering.
Step 3：Initial confining pressure load.Initial confining pressure counts the crustal stress of countries in the world according to E.T.Brown and E.Hoek
The regularity of distribution of vertical stress and the ratio between horizontal stress obtained by measurement result is chosen.Each face confining pressure load of test specimen is with 0.5MPa
The load time of hierarchical loading, every grade of power is 10min, voltage stabilizing 5min after load.After being loaded onto initial confining pressure state, voltage stabilizing 6 is small
When, rapid open the door unloads the horizontal confining pressure of one side, the exposure test specimen unloading face, and other each surface pressures remain unchanged, and simulation chamber is opened
Dig uninstall process.
Step 4：Process of rock-burst loads.Experiment process load, test specimen top ladder are carried out according to preset stress loading path
For degree 1 still with 0.5MPa incremental classifications, other gradient forces can pass through y=ae-bx+ c calculates synchronous loading force (Fig. 2), until occurring
Rock burst destroys.Realize different type Rock-burst by controlling different stress path, specifically, point using b=0, b=2,
Top gradient load modes different tetra- kinds of b=4, b=6 carry out rockburst control experiment (Fig. 5).Each gradient repeats experiment twice
To ensure the influence of the uncontrollable factor in experiment.
Step 5：Monitoring and record.It tests process monitoring record and load is recorded using stress acquisition system, test specimen inside is glutinous
The test piece deformation feature in foil gauge acquisition process of rock-burst is pasted, the physical signal in process of rock-burst is acquired using acoustic emission device,
Degree of impairment after being destroyed using elastic wave CT scanning collection test specimen rock burst records the throwing of rock burst fragment using high-speed camera
Process, and take pictures after the end of the test to test specimen.
Step 6：Test data arranges and analysis.Reach simulation different type rock burst by controlling different loading gradients
It destroys, passes through monitoring in testing different type rock burst and load, strain, acoustic emission information, elastic wave at the top of the test specimen of record
CT scan, SEM electron-microscope scannings result and high-speed camera record different type rock burst generating process in clast throwing feature,
Feature, fragment cracking properties are cheated in rock burst, broken to the stress characteristic in all types of rock burst generating processes, crackle development characteristics, test specimen
It splits characteristic, energy release rule etc. and carries out complete contrast's analysis.
The embodiment of an optimization as the present invention, it is 0.6 to choose water paste ratio:1 match ratio carries out model test piece
It prepares, the citric acid of water quality 0.012% is added as retarder, analog material has medium Rock burst proneness.Model is related
Parameter is as shown in table 1.After selected country rock analog material, according to needed for rock burst device moulded dimension make 400mm × 600mm ×
The cuboid test specimen of 1000mm.Test specimen complete after through air drying and drying and processing, by measuring ultrasonic velocity come really
Determine the integrality of test specimen.
1 cast material parameter of table
The test specimen for being up to test requirements document pushes positioning apparatus by the test specimen in rock burst equipment, pushes to equipment pressurizing chamber
It is interior, it is ensured that respectively to load centering.For deep rock mass, initial confining pressure is set as hydrostatic pressure according to statistical law in experiment, choosing
The 1/6 of analog material uniaxial compressive strength is taken to carry out model investigation for initial confining pressure.Experiment carries out three-dimensional to test specimen first
Six faces are loaded onto initial confining pressure (1.5MPa), after voltage stabilizing 6 hours, the rapid horizontal confining pressure of unloading one side of opening the door, and the exposure test specimen side
Surface, subsequent re-grading are incremented by vertical (top) load, and for gradient 1 still with 0.5MPa incremental classifications, other gradient forces can pass through y
=ae-bx+ c calculates synchronous loading force, and the different top gradient load modes of tetra- kinds of b=0, b=2, b=4, b=6 are respectively adopted
Rock burst experiment is carried out, until rock burst occurs (respectively such as Fig. 6,7,8,9).Test specimen belongs to semi-static load before destroying, every grade of power
Load time is 10min, voltage stabilizing 5min after load.To meet the repeatability of experiment, same load path is repeated twice experiment,
Test bit takes the average value tested twice in the case of being not much different.
It includes sound emission data, elastic wave CT scan data, high-speed image etc. to arrange and analyze test data.High-speed camera
Machine records the test specimen rupture failure form after rock burst destructive process and rock burst as shown in Fig. 6 to 9, due to selection the strength of materials compared with
Low, itself cannot accumulate more elastic strain energy, the influence of model collateral resistance in addition.Therefore, it destroys and focuses primarily upon model
Top half, and only excavate surface test specimen part and produced, deeper rock burst hole is not formed, but the crackle cheated from rock burst expands
From the point of view of opening up situation, by controlling the rock burst load test of different gradients, occur respectively plate split buckling type rock burst destroy (such as Fig. 6,
Shown in 7), strain type rock burst destroys (as shown in figure 8, rock burst hole is in progression sexual development inside " pan " shape and oriented test specimen
Trend), shearing-type rock burst destroy (as shown in figure 9, rock burst cheat arc-shaped cavity) three kinds of different types of rock burst breakoff phenomenons.
Entirely loading when no matter this experimental method is destroyed from sample dimensions and test specimen it can be seen from the statistics of table 2
Cheng Lai, it is all consistent with the mechanical environment of adit digging process under actual conditions, meanwhile, top is vertical when model test is destroyed
Maximal destruction payload values (being equivalent to tunnel free face tangential stress) and cast material uniaxial compressive strength ratio is in 0.5~
Between 0.7, it is consistent to destroy the conclusion that occurs when less than uniaxial compressive strength with rock burst, and all kinds of Rock-bursts all with scene
The Rock-burst of complete country rock coincide.
The different gradients of table 2 load rock burst destructive characteristics
As it can be seen that technical scheme of the present invention realizes the reasonable indoor model test of different type rock burst.
In the present invention, gradient load uses gas-liquid Combined Loading mode, is compressed using energy storage chamber in gas-liquid Combined Loading device
Gas carrys out the rapid abrupt pressure reduction for compensating hydraulic pressure loading device when test specimen destroys, and the elastic strain energy of simulation rock burst area surrounding rock body is released
Put generated shock effect.
The present invention carries out it plus unloads rock by controlling the stress gradient distribution form at the top of large scale test specimen indoors
Quick-fried experiment has reproduced the generating process of different type rock burst, for study buried chamber tangentially under different gradient loads country rock it is broken
Characteristic is split, all kinds of phenomenons of understanding different type process of rock-burst provide a kind of practical and effective technological means.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for explanatory embodiment of the invention, and above-described embodiment is only this hair
Bright preferable embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, it should be appreciated that people in the art
Member can be designed that a lot of other modification and implementations, these modifications and implementations will be fallen in principle disclosed in the present application
Within scope and spirit.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of test method of simulation different type rock burst, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1：The preparation of rock burst sample；
Step 2：The test method of top gradient load after the load of six face of three-dimensional, single side fast discharging is carried out to rock burst sample；
Step 3：Suitable initial confining pressure is chosen, being carried out at the same time classification to each face of rock burst sample according to initial confining pressure size adds
It carries, stops load when being loaded onto initial confining pressure level, and voltage stabilizing is for a period of time, then the situation constant in other each area loads
Under, adit digging process is simulated by horizontal single side fast discharging；
Step 4：Different gradient loads are realized by controlling four groups of independent gas-liquid Combined Loading devices at the top of rock burst sample
Purpose；Loaded by the gradient distribution form of design, to control the generation of different type Rock-burst, gradient load until
Until rock burst sample destroys；
Step 5：Rock burst sample loads in destructive process, is carried out to confining pressure load and each gradient load using stress acquisition system
Real time monitoring, meanwhile, strain acquirement equipment, acoustic emission device, elastic wave CT scanner, SEM electricity are further provided with during experiment
Scarnning mirror measuring instrument is monitored record to experiment process, with high-speed camera recording different types rock burst breakoff phenomenon；
Step 6：Test data arranges and analysis.
2. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The rock burst sample of step 1 is high strength gypsum material, and size is the cuboid test specimen of 400mm × 600mm × 1000mm.
3. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The load and unloading of step 2 are to add unloading rock burst device to realize by the large-scale real triaxial of gradient and gas-liquid Combined Loading
's.
4. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The initial confining pressure of step 3 counts vertical obtained by the geostress survey result of countries in the world according to E.T.Brown and E.Hoek
The regularity of distribution of stress and the ratio between horizontal stress is chosen.
5. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step 3, hierarchical loading is by each face confining pressure load of rock burst sample with 0.5MPa hierarchical loadings, when every grade of load
Between be 10min, every grade load after voltage stabilizing 5min, when being loaded onto initial confining pressure level, voltage stabling control be 6 hours.
6. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step 3, horizontal single side fast discharging simulates adit digging process, specifically：Rapid unloading one side level of opening the door is enclosed
Pressure, the unloading face of exposure rock burst sample, other each surface pressures remain unchanged.
7. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Gradient loading procedure after the test specimen excavation of step 4, the load of test specimen gradient is cut based on underground space adit digging country rock
To the regularity of distribution of stress, simplify and simulated using different exponential function curves, is carried out by the gradient index distribution form of design
Load, to achieve the purpose that different type Rock-burst.
8. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step 4, gradient load belongs to semi-static load before test specimen destruction, and the load time of every grade of power is 10min, load
Voltage stabilizing 5min afterwards.
9. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In step 5, monitoring record records load using stress acquisition system, and strain acquirement equipment is to paste in rock burst sample
The foil gauge in portion, the test piece deformation feature in process of rock-burst is acquired by foil gauge, and process of rock-burst is acquired using acoustic emission device
In physical signal, using elastic wave CT scanner acquisition test specimen rock burst destroy after degree of impairment, using SEM electron-microscope scannings survey
Amount instrument is scanned the broken hole of rock burst and rock burst clast to determine that characteristic is carefully seen in the non-plastic fracture of rock burst model, using high-speed camera
Machine records the throwing process of rock burst fragment, and takes pictures after the end of the test to test specimen.
10. simulating the test method of different type rock burst according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The test data of step 6 arranges and analysis, specifically：Reach simulation different type by controlling different loading gradients
Rock burst destroys, and passes through monitoring in testing different type rock burst and load, strain, acoustic emission information, CT at the top of the test specimen of record
Clast throwing feature, rock in the different type rock burst generating process of scanning, SEM electron-microscope scannings result and high-speed camera record
Quick-fried hole feature, fragment cracking properties rupture the stress characteristic in all types of rock burst generating processes, crackle development characteristics, test specimen
Characteristic, energy release rule carry out complete contrast's analysis.
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