CN106289996B - Device capable of carrying out true and false triaxial test - Google Patents
Device capable of carrying out true and false triaxial test Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289996B CN106289996B CN201610943674.4A CN201610943674A CN106289996B CN 106289996 B CN106289996 B CN 106289996B CN 201610943674 A CN201610943674 A CN 201610943674A CN 106289996 B CN106289996 B CN 106289996B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device capable of performing true and false triaxial test. The system comprises a sigma 1 direction loading system, a sigma 2 direction loading system and a sigma 3 direction loading system; when a true triaxial test is performed, the sigma 2 direction loading system further comprises a horizontal pressure head; the horizontal pressure head is a cuboid, and the section contacted with the sample is the same as the sample; the bottom surfaces of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are square and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample; when a false triaxial test is performed, the sections of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are round and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample, and the left horizontal shaft rod and the right horizontal shaft rod are respectively in sealing connection with the confining pressure chamber. The defect that the false triaxial test device is required to be used for the false triaxial test and the true triaxial test device is required to be used for the true triaxial test in the prior art is overcome, and the cost is high; the triaxial test device has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in operation, low cost and capability of performing true and false triaxial test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock and soil detection in the geotechnical engineering technology, in particular to a device capable of performing true and false triaxial test.
Background
According to the principle of mechanical test, assuming that a rock mass is kept in a balanced state, a certain point of the rock mass is required to have three stresses acting on mutually perpendicular planes (as shown in fig. 3), wherein forces in three directions parallel to X, Y, Z in fig. 3 are respectively called a large main stress sigma 1, a medium main stress sigma 2 and a small main stress sigma 3; the action surfaces perpendicular to the three principal stresses are respectively called a large principal stress surface, a medium principal stress surface and a small principal stress surface; many engineering problems, such as large buried horizontal roadway lengths, can be handled as plane strain problems, i.e., only σ1 and σ3 are considered; when considering shallow ground stress, it is generally considered that the horizontal ground stress is equal in two directions, and the problem of axial symmetry is often treated, i.e., σ2=σ3; the false triaxial test is to test the sample in an axisymmetric stress state, and the false triaxial test is a conventional triaxial test.
However, in an actual geotechnical environment, the magnitudes of three main stresses born by a rock body are often different, and a true triaxial test simulates the stress state born by any small unit in the rock body under the condition that the rock body is loaded; under the condition of fixed main stress direction, researching the relation between main stress and strain and strength characteristics, namely constitutive relation of soil; the sample is generally a cube or a rectangle; in the test, main stresses sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3 (the relation of the main stresses is sigma 1> sigma 2> sigma 3) are respectively applied to main stress surfaces (X, Y, Z) of the sample, which are mutually perpendicular, namely, the sample applies three independent main stresses sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3 on three mutually perpendicular surfaces; the true triaxial test method has the advantages that the measured result can reflect the true constitutive relation more than the false triaxial test, namely the axisymmetric triaxial test, and is more complex.
In practice, many units have insufficient funds, and the fact that the units have a false triaxial apparatus and a true triaxial apparatus is not practical, and the practice of various projects ensures that many units need to do false triaxial tests and true triaxial tests more conveniently; therefore, the development of a set of device which has simple structure and easy operation and can perform true and false triaxial test is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device capable of carrying out true and false triaxial test, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate and can carry out the true and false triaxial test.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a device that true and false triaxial test can be carried out, includes sigma 1 direction loading system, sigma 2 direction loading system, sigma 3 direction loading system, sigma 1 direction loading system includes: vertically loading a piston, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head; the sigma 2 direction loading system includes: a manual operation loading part and a pump loading part; the sigma 3 direction loading system includes: an oil inlet and an oil outlet; the vertical loading piston, the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are arranged in the confining pressure chamber; the vertical loading piston is positioned right above the upper pressure head; the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample; the left horizontal shaft rod and the right horizontal shaft rod are respectively arranged at two sides of the confining pressure chamber in an axisymmetric mode and respectively penetrate through the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber; the right end of the pumping loading part is connected with the left end of the left horizontal shaft rod, and the left end of the manual operation loading part is connected with the right end of the right horizontal shaft rod; the oil inlet and the oil outlet are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the lower end of the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber in an axisymmetric mode; a base is vertically connected to the lower end of the confining pressure chamber;
when a true triaxial test is performed, the sigma 2 direction loading system further comprises a horizontal pressure head; the horizontal pressure head is a cuboid, and the section contacted with the sample is the same as the sample; the bottom surfaces of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are square and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample;
when a false triaxial test is performed, the sections of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head are round and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample, and the left horizontal shaft rod and the right horizontal shaft rod are respectively in sealing connection with the confining pressure chamber.
In the above technical solution, when the true and false triaxial test is performed, the σ1 direction loading system, the σ2 direction loading system and the σ3 direction loading system are independent. When a true triaxial test is performed, controlling sigma 2 not equal to sigma 3 through a left horizontal shaft lever, a right horizontal shaft lever and oil pressure; in the pseudo triaxial test, σ2=σ3 is controlled by the oil pressure.
In the above technical scheme, when true triaxial test is performed, the two horizontal pressure heads are arranged at the left and right ends of the sample respectively. The clamping of the sample is convenient, and the loosening of the sample is prevented, so that the test result is influenced.
In the technical scheme, when the true triaxial test is performed, the sample is a rectangular body with a square bottom surface, and the size of the sample is 50mm in bottom surface side length and 100mm in height. The bottom surface is square, and the height is generally greater than the side length of the bottom surface, so the bottom surface is rectangular, so that three main stresses sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3 are conveniently applied to the sample, and the sigma 2 is not equal to sigma 3.
In the technical scheme, when a false triaxial test is performed, the sample is a cylinder, and the size of the sample is 50mm in diameter and 100mm in height. In the pseudo triaxial test, σ2=σ3 is held by oil pressure, and a standard sample having a diameter of 50mm and a height of 100mm is generally used.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) Only by replacing a few parts, the triaxial test can be performed, and the triaxial test can be performed; when the true triaxial test is performed, the device is modified into a device capable of performing the true triaxial test, and when the false triaxial test is performed, the device is modified into a device capable of performing the false triaxial test;
(2) The invention has simple structure and low cost;
(3) Saving money for scientific research units and providing convenience for researchers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a true triaxial tester apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the pseudo triaxial tester apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principal stress and principal stress surface structure of the present invention.
In the figure, a piston is vertically loaded, a pressure head is 2-up, a pressure head is 3-down, a manual operation loading part is 4-, a pumping loading part is 5-, a horizontal pressure head is 6-, a sample is 7-, an oil inlet is 8-, an oil outlet is 9-, a base is 10-, a left horizontal shaft lever is 11-, a right horizontal shaft lever is 12-and a pressure chamber is 13-.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely by way of example. While making the advantages of the present invention clearer and more readily understood by way of illustration.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the utility model provides a device that true and false triaxial test can be carried out, includes sigma 1 direction loading system, sigma 2 direction loading system, sigma 3 direction loading system, sigma 1 direction loading system includes: a vertical loading piston 1, an upper pressure head 2 and a lower pressure head 3; the sigma 2 direction loading system includes: a manual operation loading part 4 and a pumping loading part 5; the sigma 3 direction loading system includes: an oil inlet 8 and an oil outlet 9; the vertical loading piston 1, the upper pressure head 2 and the lower pressure head 3 are arranged in a confining pressure chamber 13; the vertical loading piston 1 is positioned right above the upper pressure head 2; the upper pressure head 2 and the lower pressure head 3 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample 7; the left horizontal shaft rod 11 and the right horizontal shaft rod 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the confining pressure chamber 13 in an axisymmetric mode and respectively penetrate through the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber 13; the right end of the pumping loading part 5 is connected with the left end of the left horizontal shaft lever 11, and the left end of the manual operation loading part 4 is connected with the right end of the right horizontal shaft lever 12; the oil inlet 8 and the oil outlet 9 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the lower end of the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber 13 in an axisymmetric mode; a base 10 is vertically connected to the lower end of the confining pressure chamber 13;
when a true triaxial test is performed, the sigma 2 direction loading system further comprises a horizontal pressure head 6; the horizontal pressure head 6 is a cuboid, and the section contacted with the sample 7 is the same as the sample 7; the bottom surfaces of the upper pressure head 2 and the lower pressure head 3 are square and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample 7;
in the pseudo triaxial test, the cross sections of the upper ram 2 and the lower ram 3 are circular and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample 7, and the left horizontal shaft 11 and the right horizontal shaft 12 are respectively in sealing engagement with the confining pressure chamber 13 (as shown in fig. 1 and 2).
And when a true and false triaxial test is performed, the sigma 1 direction loading system, the sigma 2 direction loading system and the sigma 3 direction loading system are independent.
In the true triaxial test, the two horizontal indenters 6 are respectively disposed at the left and right ends of the sample 7.
In the true triaxial test, the sample 7 is a rectangular body with a square bottom surface.
In the case of the pseudo triaxial test, the sample 7 was a cylinder.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the working process of the device capable of carrying out true and false triaxial test is as follows: when the true triaxial test is carried out, the device capable of carrying out the true triaxial test is modified into the device capable of carrying out the true triaxial test, the sample 7 is a rectangular body with square bottom surfaces, and the bottom surfaces of the upper pressure head 2 and the lower pressure head 3 are identical to the bottom surface of the sample 7; the test sample 7 is sleeved by rubber, the manual operation loading part 4 is operated firstly, the right horizontal shaft lever 12 is close to the horizontal pressure head 6, and then the pumping loading part 5 is operated, the left horizontal shaft lever 11 is close to the horizontal pressure head 6, so that sigma 2 direction force is applied to the test sample 7; applying a vertical axial force sigma 1 to the sample 7 by means of the vertical loading piston 1; applying sigma 3 direction force to the sample 7 through oil pressure of the oil inlet 8 and the oil outlet 9; when a false triaxial test is carried out, the device capable of carrying out the true triaxial test is modified into a device capable of carrying out the false triaxial test, at the moment, a horizontal pressure head 6 in the device capable of carrying out the true triaxial test is removed, and a sample 7 is changed into a cylinder; sleeving a sample 7 with rubber; applying a vertical axial force sigma 1 to the sample 7 by means of the vertical loading piston 1; the specimen 7 is subjected to forces in the directions σ2 and σ3 by the oil pressure of the oil inlet port 8 and the oil outlet port 9.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the device capable of performing true triaxial test, the true triaxial test device and the false triaxial test device, which are compared with each other, a worker compares the three devices: for some units needing to perform the true triaxial test of the rock and the false triaxial test of the rock, the cost of the invention is only 90 ten thousand, the occupied area is small, the true triaxial test and the false triaxial test of the rock can be performed, the total cost of the true triaxial test device and the false triaxial test device is about 150 ten thousand, the occupied area is large, and the true triaxial test and the false triaxial test of the rock are respectively performed by using the true triaxial test device and the false triaxial test device.
Other non-illustrated parts are known in the art.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a device that true and false triaxial test can be carried out, includes sigma 1 direction loading system, sigma 2 direction loading system, sigma 3 direction loading system, sigma 1 direction loading system includes: a vertical loading piston (1), an upper pressure head (2) and a lower pressure head (3); the sigma 2 direction loading system includes: a manual operation loading part (4) and a pumping loading part (5); the sigma 3 direction loading system includes: an oil inlet (8) and an oil outlet (9); the vertical loading piston (1), the upper pressure head (2) and the lower pressure head (3) are arranged in the confining pressure chamber (13); the vertical loading piston (1) is positioned right above the upper pressure head (2); the upper pressure head (2) and the lower pressure head (3) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sample (7); the left horizontal shaft rod (11) and the right horizontal shaft rod (12) are respectively arranged at two sides of the confining pressure chamber (13) in an axisymmetric mode and respectively penetrate through the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber (13); the right end of the pumping loading part (5) is connected with the left end of the left horizontal shaft lever (11), and the left end of the manual operation loading part (4) is connected with the right end of the right horizontal shaft lever (12); the oil inlet (8) and the oil outlet (9) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the lower end of the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber (13) in an axisymmetric mode; a base (10) is vertically connected to the lower end of the confining pressure chamber (13);
when a true triaxial test is performed, the sigma 2 direction loading system further comprises a horizontal pressure head (6); the horizontal pressure head (6) is a cuboid, and the section contacted with the sample (7) is the same as the sample (7); the bottom surfaces of the upper pressure head (2) and the lower pressure head (3) are square and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample (7);
when a false triaxial test is performed, the sections of the upper pressure head (2) and the lower pressure head (3) are circular and have the same size as the bottom surface of the sample (7), and the left horizontal shaft lever (11) and the right horizontal shaft lever (12) are respectively in sealing joint with the confining pressure chamber (13);
when a true and false triaxial test is performed, the sigma 1 direction loading system, the sigma 2 direction loading system and the sigma 3 direction loading system are independent; when a true triaxial test is performed, controlling sigma 2 not equal to sigma 3 through a left horizontal shaft lever, a right horizontal shaft lever and oil pressure; in the pseudo triaxial test, σ2=σ3 is controlled by the oil pressure.
2. The apparatus for performing true and false triaxial test according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the true triaxial test, the two horizontal pressure heads (6) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the sample (7).
3. The apparatus for performing true and false triaxial test according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the true triaxial test, the sample (7) is a rectangular body with a square bottom surface.
4. A device for performing true and false triaxial test according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the case of a pseudo-triaxial test, the sample (7) is a cylinder.
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| CN107941915A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-04-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock actual triaxial testing apparatus with ultrasonic phased array Real Time Image System |
| CN107884278A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-04-06 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock true triaxial test method with ultrasonic phased array Real Time Image System |
| CN107764631B (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-05 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of the sealing pressure head and test method of the ordinary triaxial test of the rock of cuboid containing prefabricated crack |
| CN107741364A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of cuboid rock sample actual triaxial testing apparatus and method |
| CN109187206A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2019-01-11 | 中山大学 | A kind of true triaxial pressure chamber that engineering soft rock catastrophe overall process is visual |
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| JP3210923B2 (en) * | 1992-02-03 | 2001-09-25 | 株式会社東京ソイルリサーチ | Visualized triaxial piping test apparatus and test method |
| CN101504356B (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2012-04-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Self-balancing rock full end face true three-axial compression test apparatus |
| CN102435503A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-05-02 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Large-scale true triaxial experiment testing method and equipment |
| WO2014153697A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | 山东大学 | Device for measuring true triaxial creep of geotechnical engineering test block and method therefor |
| CN203732367U (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-07-23 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Rock true triaxial test loading system |
| CN204086017U (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of rock twin shaft unloader test device |
| CN204807547U (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Real triaxial shear box of stress seepage flow coupling |
| CN204789164U (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Testable rock coefficient of heat conductivity's conventional triaxial test device |
| CN206192782U (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | True and false triaxial test's device can carry out |
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