CN114964604A - Optical fiber pressure sensor and manufacturing method of spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe - Google Patents
Optical fiber pressure sensor and manufacturing method of spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN114964604A CN114964604A CN202210650800.2A CN202210650800A CN114964604A CN 114964604 A CN114964604 A CN 114964604A CN 202210650800 A CN202210650800 A CN 202210650800A CN 114964604 A CN114964604 A CN 114964604A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
- G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
- G01L11/025—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means using a pressure-sensitive optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
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Abstract
An optical fiber pressure sensor and a manufacturing method of a spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head belong to the technical field of sensor manufacturing, and in order to solve the problems that the optical fiber pressure sensor in the prior art is poor in stability, narrow in detection range and incapable of being used in a high-temperature and high-pressure scene, the optical fiber pressure sensor is provided and comprises a broadband light source, an optical fiber isolator, an optical circulator, the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head and a spectrometer; the broadband light source is connected with one end of the optical isolator, the other end of the optical isolator is connected with the end a of the optical circulator, the end b of the optical circulator is connected with the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head, and then the end c of the optical circulator is connected with the spectrometer. The invention widens the design structure mode of pressure sensing, has large pressure detection range, can be suitable for the detection of high-pressure environment, and overcomes the characteristics of easy interference of external environment, narrow detection range and difficult manufacture of the existing optical fiber pressure sensor. The method can be applied to the fields of chemical equipment, environment, metallurgy, military aviation safety detection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber pressure sensor and a manufacturing method of a spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe, belongs to the technical field of sensor manufacturing, and can be applied to the fields of chemical equipment, environment, metallurgy, military aviation safety detection and the like.
Background
Compared with the traditional electronic sensor, the optical fiber sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, small volume, easy remote control, seawater corrosion resistance, high chemical inertness, strong radiation and electromagnetic resistance, capability of being applied to severe environments and the like, and is one of the most important sensor technologies at present. Recently, with the continuous improvement of MIMO signal processing technology, the optical fiber communication system based on the mode division multiplexing has important application in smart cities and everything interconnection. The optical fiber sensor is used as an important node in a communication system, and has wide application in the aspects of Internet of things, intelligent automobiles, industrial safety production detection and the like. The full optical fiber mode interference sensor is receiving increasing attention due to its larger detection sensitivity.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN 109459164B has a patent name of 'an optical fiber pressure sensor and a manufacturing method thereof', the optical fiber pressure sensor comprises a signal transmitting and receiving device, a transmission optical fiber and a pressure detecting device, wherein the transmission optical fiber comprises a light incident end connected with the signal transmitting and receiving device and a light reflecting end connected with the pressure detecting device, the pressure detecting device comprises a medium storage cavity, a refractive index sensitive medium and an elastic diaphragm, the medium storage cavity is provided with an open end parallel to the axial direction of the transmission optical fiber, a fiber core surface of the light reflecting end of the transmission optical fiber and an inner side surface of the medium storage cavity along the cavity length direction form two reflecting surfaces of a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, the medium storage cavity is filled with the refractive index sensitive medium, and the open end of the medium storage cavity is sealed by the elastic diaphragm. The elastic diaphragm is deformed to cause the refractive index of the refractive index sensitive medium to change, and the elastic diaphragm can be used as a pressure sensing surface of the pressure sensor and used for measuring pressure applied from the side surface of the transmission optical fiber.
However, the structure is difficult to fix the optical fiber and the elastic diaphragm due to the elastic diaphragm and the design of the non-all-fiber structure, which requires to increase the bonding strength between the optical fiber and the elastic diaphragm, so that the structure is easily damaged by the external environment and has poor practicability. In addition, the principle of the patent is that the change of the refractive index sensitive medium is caused by the deformation of the elastic diaphragm and is used for measuring pressure, so that the optical fiber sensor has a small application range and cannot be used in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spiral-structure optical fiber pressure sensor based on mode interference, which aims to solve the problems that an optical fiber pressure sensor in the prior art is poor in stability, narrow in detection range and incapable of being used in a high-temperature and high-pressure scene.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the optical fiber pressure sensor consists of a broadband light source, an optical fiber isolator, an optical circulator, a spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head and a spectrometer; the broadband light source is connected with one end of the optical isolator, the other end of the optical isolator is connected with the end a of the optical circulator, the end b of the optical circulator is connected with the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head, and then the end c of the optical circulator is connected with the spectrometer.
The method for manufacturing the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe is characterized by comprising the following steps
Step 1: preparing an outer steel pipe with radius r, length L and wall thickness c', manufacturing a section of spiral guide groove with depth c on the upper part of the inner wall of the outer steel pipe by using a milling cutter, manufacturing a linear guide groove with depth c on the lower part of the outer steel pipe, and cleaning the outer steel pipe for later use;
step 2: manufacturing two disks with radius of r and thickness of sigma, respectively installing a protruding guide head on the side edge of each of the upper and lower disks, wherein the protruding length is c, then connecting the middle of the two disks through a steel pipe, connecting the upper disk with an inner steel pipe opening through a movable bearing, fixing the lower disk with the inner steel pipe, and forming a small hole in the center of the lower disk to facilitate the optical fiber to pass through;
and step 3: manufacturing a combined optical fiber device; sequentially welding a single-mode optical fiber I, a multi-mode optical fiber, a four-mode optical fiber, a multi-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber II and a Faraday rotating mirror together by using a welding machine;
and 4, step 4: and finally, the outer steel pipe is split, a compression spring with the elastic modulus of k and other components are sequentially placed in the outer steel pipe, the upper disc convex guide head needs to be placed in the spiral guide groove, the lower disc convex guide head needs to be placed in the linear guide groove, and the outer steel pipe is packaged again after the components are pre-tensioned.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention widens the design structure mode of pressure sensing, has large pressure detection range, can be suitable for the detection of high-pressure environment, and overcomes the characteristics of easy interference of external environment, narrow detection range and difficult manufacture of the existing optical fiber pressure sensor. Firstly, the basic principle of the sensor is that an optical fiber combined structure is fixed in a spiral packaging device, and the increase and decrease of the pressure in the environment to be measured are converted into the change of the torsion angle of the combined optical fiber, so that the translation of an interference spectrum is caused, the measurement of the high-pressure all-optical sensor is realized, the direct contact between the sensor and a detection medium is avoided, and the application range is wide; secondly, high-precision detection under different pressure range values can be realized by adjusting springs with different stiffness coefficients; finally, the invention adopts the all-fiber structure, has stable performance and is easy to integrate with the fiber system. And the cost is lower, and the cost performance is higher.
The basic principle is that the spiral optical fiber structure optical fiber is fixed in a spiral packaging device, and the increase and decrease of the pressure in the environment to be measured are converted into the change of the torsion angle of the spiral optical fiber structure optical fiber, so that the translation of interference spectrum is caused, and the measurement of the high-pressure all-optical sensor is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber pressure sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the spiral sensing combined optical fiber according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber pressure sensor is composed of a broadband light source 1, an optical fiber isolator 2, an optical circulator 3, a spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe 4 and a spectrometer 5. The broadband light source 1 is connected with one end of an optical isolator 2, the other end of the optical isolator 2 is connected with the end a of an optical circulator 3, the end b of the optical circulator 3 is connected with a spiral induction optical fiber pressure detecting head 4, and then the end c of the optical circulator 3 is connected with a spectrometer 5.
As shown in figure 2, the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe 4 comprises an outer steel tube 4-1, a spiral guide groove 4-2, a linear guide groove 4-3, an upper disc 4-4, a lower disc 4-5, an inner steel tube 4-6, a movable bearing 4-7, a combined optical fiber 4-8 and a compression spring 4-9. And a spiral guide groove 4-2 and a linear guide groove 4-3 are milled at the middle upper part and the lower part of the outer steel pipe 4-1 respectively. The compression spring 4-9 is arranged at the bottom of the outer steel tube 4-1, the lower disc 4-5 is arranged at the upper end of the compression spring 4-9, the middle parts of the upper disc 1-4 and the lower disc 4-5 are connected through the inner steel tube 4-6, the opening of the upper disc 4-4 and the opening of the inner steel tube 4-6 are connected through the movable bearing 4-7, the lower disc 4-5 is fixed with the inner steel tube 4-6, and the center of the lower disc 4-5 is provided with a small hole. The upper disc 4-4, the lower disc 4-5 and the inner steel pipe 4-6 form a whole. The upper end of 4-8-5 in the combined optical fiber is fixed on the upper disc 4-4, and the lower end of 4-8-1 in the combined optical fiber is fixed on the lower disc 4-5 and passes through the small hole.
As shown in FIG. 3, the combined optical fiber 4-8 is formed by sequentially welding a single-mode optical fiber I4-8-1, a multi-mode optical fiber 4-8-2, a four-mode optical fiber 4-8-3, a multi-mode optical fiber 4-8-4, a single-mode optical fiber II 4-8-5 and a Faraday rotator mirror 4-8-6. The single-mode optical fiber 4-8-1 is fixed on the lower disc 4-5, the end part of the single-mode optical fiber passes through a small hole in the center of the lower disc 4-5 and is welded with an external optical fiber, the single-mode optical fiber two 4-8-5 is fixed on the upper disc 4-4, and the Faraday rotator mirror 4-8-6 is fixed at the end part of the single-mode optical fiber two 4-8-5.
As shown in fig. 1, a broadband light source 1 emits signal light, and the signal light enters a fiber isolator 2, where the fiber isolator 2 plays a role of directional transmission of the signal light, so that the reflected signal light cannot enter the broadband light source 1. After passing through the optical fiber isolator 2, the signal light sequentially enters the end a of the optical circulator 3 and the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head 4, after being modulated by the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head 4, the signal light enters the optical circulator 3 again, the reflected signal light is emitted from the port c of the optical circulator 3, and the emergent light enters the spectrometer 5.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the pressure of the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe 4 increases, the assembly of the upper disk 4-4, the lower disk 4-5, the inner steel tube 4-6 and the movable bearing 4-7 moves downwards. Wherein the upper disk 4-4 is spirally moved downward along the spiral guide groove 4-2. The lower disc 4-5 and the inner steel pipe 4-6 move downward linearly along the linear guide groove 4-3 as a whole. After the external pressure is balanced with the supporting force provided by the compression spring 4-9, the assembly consisting of the upper disc 4-4, the lower disc 4-5, the inner steel pipe 4-6 and the movable bearing 4-7 stops moving.
As shown in FIG. 3, the signal light enters the multimode optical fiber 4-8-2 from the single-mode optical fiber 4-8-1, where the multimode optical fiber 4-8-2 converts the signal light from single-mode signal light to multimode signal light. One part of multimode signal light enters a cladding of the four-mode optical fiber 4-8-3 for transmission, and the other part of signal light enters a fiber core of the four-mode optical fiber 4-8-3 for transmission. The two parts of signal light enter the multimode optical fiber 4-8-4 together and then are superposed to form interference light. When the external pressure value changes, the upper disc 4-4 in the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe 4 drives the four-mode optical fiber 4-8-3 to twist, so that the refractive index of the cladding of the four-mode optical fiber 4-8-3 changes, and interference light is modulated. After modulation, the interference light is transmitted through the single mode fiber II 4-8-5, reflected by the Faraday rotator 4-8-6, sequentially passes through the single mode fiber II 4-8-5, the multimode fiber 4-8-4, the four-mode fiber 4-8-3, the multimode fiber 4-8-2 and the single mode fiber I4-8-1 and then enters the light path.
The manufacturing method of the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe 4 comprises the following steps
4-1 parts of outer steel tube, 4-2 parts of spiral guide groove, 4-3 parts of linear guide groove, 4-4 parts of upper disc, 4-5 parts of lower disc, 4-6 parts of inner steel tube, 4-7 parts of movable bearing, 4-8 parts of combined optical fiber and 4-9 parts of compression spring.
Step 1: an outer stainless steel pipe 4-1 having a radius r, a length L and a wall thickness c' is prepared and made of 304 (hereinafter, all the steel pipes are made of stainless steel 304). A spiral guide groove 4-2 with the depth of c is manufactured on the upper portion of the inner wall of the outer steel pipe 4-1 through a milling cutter, the lead is H (definition: the moving distance of the disc in the Z-axis direction when the disc rotates for one circle), a linear guide groove 4-3 with the depth of c is manufactured on the lower portion of the outer steel pipe 4-1, and the outer steel pipe is cleaned for later use.
Step 2: two disks with radius r and thickness sigma, namely an upper disk 4-4 and a lower disk 4-5 are manufactured, and a convex guide head (with the convex length of c) is respectively arranged on the side edges of the upper disk and the lower disk. Then the middle of the two disks is connected through an inner steel tube 4-6, the upper disk 4-4 is connected with the opening of the inner steel tube 4-6 through a movable bearing 4-7, the lower disk 4-5 is fixed with the inner steel tube 4-6, and a small hole is formed in the center of the lower disk 4-5, so that an optical fiber can conveniently pass through the small hole.
And step 3: making combined optical fibers 4-8. And (3) welding a single-mode fiber I4-8-1, a multi-mode fiber 4-8-2 with the diameter of 4.5mm, a four-mode fiber 4-8-3 with the diameter of 4cm, a multi-mode fiber 4-8-4 with the diameter of 4.5mm, a single-mode fiber II 4-8-5 and a Faraday rotator 4-8-6 together by using a welding machine.
And 4, step 4: and finally, the outer steel pipe 4-1 is split, a compression spring 4-9 with the elastic modulus of k and other components are sequentially placed in the outer steel pipe 4-1, the protruding guide head of the upper disc 4-4 is placed in the spiral guide groove 4-2, the protruding guide head of the lower disc 4-5 is placed in the linear guide groove 4-3, and the outer steel pipe 4-1 is encapsulated again after the components are pre-tensioned.
Claims (4)
1. The optical fiber pressure sensor is characterized by comprising a broadband light source (1), an optical fiber isolator (2), an optical circulator (3), a spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe (4) and a spectrometer (5); the broadband light source (1) is connected with one end of the optical isolator (2), the other end of the optical isolator (2) is connected with the end a of the optical circulator (3), the end b of the optical circulator (3) is connected with the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure detecting head (4), and then the end c of the optical circulator (3) is connected with the spectrometer (5).
2. The optical fiber pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe (4) is composed of an outer steel tube (4-1), a spiral guide groove (4-2), a linear guide groove (4-3), an upper disc (4-4), a lower disc (4-5), an inner steel tube (4-6), a movable bearing (4-7), a combined optical fiber (4-8) and a compression spring (4-9); a spiral guide groove (4-2) and a linear guide groove (4-3) are milled in the middle upper portion and the lower portion of an outer steel pipe (4-1) respectively, a compression spring (4-9) is arranged at the bottom of the outer steel pipe (4-1), a lower disc (4-5) is arranged at the upper end of the compression spring (4-9), the middle portions of the upper disc (1-4) and the lower disc (4-5) are connected through an inner steel pipe (4-6), the opening of the upper disc (4-4) and the opening of the inner steel pipe (4-6) are connected through a movable bearing (4-7), the lower disc (4-5) and the inner steel pipe (4-6) are fixed, and a small hole is formed in the center of the lower disc (4-5); the upper disc (4-4), the lower disc (4-5) and the inner steel pipe (4-6) form a whole; the upper end of the combined optical fiber (4-8) is fixed on the upper disc (4-4), and the lower end of the combined optical fiber (4-8) is fixed on the lower disc (4-5) and passes through the small hole.
3. The optical fiber pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the combined optical fiber (4-8) is formed by sequentially welding a single mode optical fiber I (4-8-1), a multimode optical fiber (4-8-2), a four mode optical fiber (4-8-3), a multimode optical fiber (4-8-4), a single mode optical fiber II (4-8-5) and a Faraday rotator mirror (4-8-6); the single-mode optical fiber (4-8-1) is fixed on the lower disc (4-5), the end part of the single-mode optical fiber penetrates through a small hole in the center of the lower disc (4-5) to be welded with an external optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber (4-8-5) is fixed on the upper disc (4-4), and the Faraday rotator mirror (4-8-6) is fixed at the end part of the second single-mode optical fiber (4-8-5).
4. The method for manufacturing the spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe is characterized by comprising the following steps
Step 1: preparing an outer steel pipe with radius r, length L and wall thickness c', manufacturing a section of spiral guide groove with depth c on the upper part of the inner wall of the outer steel pipe by using a milling cutter, manufacturing a linear guide groove with depth c on the lower part of the outer steel pipe, and cleaning the outer steel pipe for later use;
step 2: manufacturing two disks with radius of r and thickness of sigma, respectively installing a protruding guide head on the side edge of each of the upper and lower disks, wherein the protruding length is c, then connecting the middle of the two disks through a steel pipe, connecting the upper disk with an inner steel pipe opening through a movable bearing, fixing the lower disk with the inner steel pipe, and forming a small hole in the center of the lower disk to facilitate the optical fiber to pass through;
and step 3: manufacturing a combined optical fiber device; sequentially welding a single-mode optical fiber I, a multi-mode optical fiber, a four-mode optical fiber, a multi-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber II and a Faraday rotating mirror together by using a welding machine;
and 4, step 4: and finally, the outer steel pipe is split, a compression spring with the elastic modulus of k and other components are sequentially placed in the outer steel pipe, the upper disc convex guide head needs to be placed in the spiral guide groove, the lower disc convex guide head needs to be placed in the linear guide groove, and the outer steel pipe is packaged again after the components are pre-tensioned.
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