CN114958271B - 一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114958271B
CN114958271B CN202210653066.5A CN202210653066A CN114958271B CN 114958271 B CN114958271 B CN 114958271B CN 202210653066 A CN202210653066 A CN 202210653066A CN 114958271 B CN114958271 B CN 114958271B
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孙晨
杨思思
张驰
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Abstract

本发明涉及胶粘剂领域,具体关于一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法;本发明以三羟甲基丙烷三(3‑巯基丙酸酯)、芳族多异氰酸酯、耐高温助剂为主要原料,选用二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,采用本体聚合法合成聚氨酯胶粘剂预聚体;再选用二甲基亚砜为溶剂,1,4‑丁二醇为扩链剂,三聚氰胺为改性剂,氨甲基硅油为封端剂,采用溶液聚合法合成聚氨酯胶粘剂;合成聚氨酯胶粘剂的过程中加入三聚氰胺,即在聚氨酯胶粘剂的主链上引入热稳定好的含氮杂环,以达到提高聚氨酯胶粘剂的耐热性和分子含能性能,扩大聚氨酯胶粘剂的应用范围;使用三聚氰胺改性的聚氨酯胶粘剂具有较高的耐热性能,比未改性的聚氨酯胶粘剂分解温度提高了46.6℃。

Description

一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及胶粘剂领域,尤其是一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯胶粘剂具有强度高、耐磨性强、耐低温性、耐油、耐化学品腐蚀等特点。自20世纪30年代问世以来,就在各领域有着广泛的应用。随着聚氨酯胶粘剂应用的推广,其在耐热性上较差的缺点也就越来越突出。
CN201711178624.2:本发明公开了一种高耐热高性能聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法,其特征在于,它包含以下按重量份计的组分:聚氨酯半预聚体100份;含活性氢聚合物55-100份;所述聚氨酯半预聚体中游离异氰酸酯的含量为10-16wt%;含活性氢聚合物中水含量小于0.05wt%;本发明的高耐热高性能聚氨酯弹性体,其使用温度可高达150℃,力学强度高,耐磨性优异,可以广泛应用到需要长时间经受高温的环境中。
CN200510073400.6:提供了一种以季铵盐改性蒙脱土为聚氨酯聚合物扩链剂,合成季铵盐蒙脱土/聚氨酯纳米复合聚合物(PU/MMT),提高聚氨酯弹性纤维耐热性能,并提高纤维力学性能的方法,其中蒙脱土为钠基蒙脱土;聚氨酯聚合物由聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯、线性脂肪族胺、季铵盐改性蒙脱土等组成。
CN201310430410.5:本发明涉及一种水性耐热聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,该树脂是多异氰酸酯、二元醇、耐热多元醇、亲水性溶剂和水溶性聚氨酯预聚体的加聚反应产物,经中和、分散、扩链及调节固体含量制得的,按重量百分数计,上述各组份用量如下:多异氰酸酯1~40%、二元醇1~30%、耐热多元醇1~10%、亲水性溶剂1~30%,水溶性聚氨酯预聚体1~15%;其水溶性聚氨酯预聚体由5~20wt%的亲水性含羟基单体、20~40wt%的多异氰酸酯、5~20wt%的二元醇和30~60wt%的亲水性溶剂,在50~100℃,经过加聚反应形成的。本发明树脂在200℃失重≤3wt%,在25℃浸泡168h漆膜无变化,扩大了水性聚氨酯的应用范围。
以上专利及现有技术制备的聚氨酯粘结剂的耐热性较差,热分解温度也比较低,使得其应用范围受到了很大的限制;普通的聚氨酯胶粘剂,可供长期使用的温度仅为80℃,而当体系的温度高于120℃时则只能在短时间内使用。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,其操作步骤为:
S1:按照质量份数,在反应器中加入25-40份三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、30-40份芳族多异氰酸酯,4-10份耐高温助剂,升温至75-90℃后,加入1-3份催化剂,恒温反应1-4h;
S2:加入1-3份扩链剂,反应1-3h;
S3:加入50-60份溶剂、1-3份改性剂,进行改性,反应1-3h;
S4:然后加入0.4-1份封端剂进行封端,反应0.5-1h,冷却后得到耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂。
作为优选,所述的反应器中需通入惰性气体氮气作为保护气体。
作为优选,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
作为优选,所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇或3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二苯基甲烷二胺。
作为优选,所述的改性剂为三聚氰胺。
作为优选,所述的溶剂为丙酮或二甲基亚砜。
作为优选,所述的封端剂为氨甲基硅油。
本发明还提供了,所述的耐高温剂的制备方法为:
按照质量份数,将5-10份的丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和1-4份有机胺,100-150份DMF,加入反应釜中,氮气保护,搅拌50-120min,然后将20-30份的Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,10-18份的3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮,缓慢加入到反应釜中,加热升温至50-70℃,保温反应50-100min,然后蒸馏除去DMF,即可得到一种耐高温助剂。
作为优选,所述的芳族多异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯。
作为优选,所述的有机胺为正丁胺或叔丁胺或二乙胺或三乙胺。
本发明创新点在于:
丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮之间发生氨基加成反应,得到的大分子化合物可提高耐高温性能。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,本发明具有以下显著有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的聚氨酯胶粘剂具有较好的耐热性能同时其在耐光照和耐化学药品性能的方面也较优异;
(2)本发明制备的聚氨酯胶粘剂的玻璃化转变温度、硬度、拉伸强度、抗拉强度和耐高温性均有所提高;
(3)本发明制备的聚氨酯胶粘剂合成过程中加入改性剂三聚氰胺,即在聚氨酯胶粘剂的主链上引入热稳定好的含氮杂环,以达到提高聚氨酯胶粘剂的耐热性和分子含能性能,扩大聚氨酯胶粘剂的应用范围;使用三聚氰胺改性的聚氨酯胶粘剂具有较高的耐热性能,比未改性的聚氨酯胶粘剂分解温度提高了46.6℃。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对该发明作进一步说明:
热重(TG)测试:采用差热-热重分析仪(TG)来进行热重测试,选取温度范围25~700℃,N2气氛,升温速率为10~20℃/min左右,试样的重量范围在2~5毫克。
实施例1
一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,其操作步骤为:
S1:在反应器中加入25g三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、30g芳族多异氰酸酯,4g耐高温助剂,升温至75℃后,加入1g催化剂,恒温反应1h;
S2:加入1g扩链剂,反应1h;
S3:加入50g溶剂、1g改性剂,进行改性,反应1h;
S4:然后加入0.4g封端剂进行封端,反应0.5h,冷却后得到耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂。
作为优选,所述的反应器中需通入惰性气体氮气作为保护气体。
作为优选,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
作为优选,所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
作为优选,所述的改性剂为三聚氰胺。
作为优选,所述的溶剂为丙酮。
作为优选,所述的封端剂为氨甲基硅油。
本发明还提供了,所述的耐高温剂的制备方法为:
将5g的丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和1g有机胺,100gDMF,加入反应釜中,氮气保护,搅拌50min,然后将20g的Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,10g的3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮,缓慢加入到反应釜中,加热升温至50℃,保温反应50min,然后蒸馏除去DMF,即可得到一种耐高温助剂。
作为优选,所述的芳族多异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
作为优选,所述的有机胺为正丁胺。
实施例2
一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,其操作步骤为:
S1:在反应器中加入30g三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、34g芳族多异氰酸酯,6g耐高温助剂,升温至80℃后,加入2g催化剂,恒温反应2h;
S2:加入2g扩链剂,反应2h;
S3:加入54g溶剂、2g改性剂,进行改性,反应2h;
S4:然后加入0.6g封端剂进行封端,反应0.6h,冷却后得到耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂。
作为优选,所述的反应器中需通入惰性气体氮气作为保护气体。
作为优选,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
作为优选,所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
作为优选,所述的改性剂为三聚氰胺。
作为优选,所述的溶剂为丙酮。
作为优选,所述的封端剂为氨甲基硅油。
本发明还提供了,所述的耐高温剂的制备方法为:
将6g的丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和2g有机胺,120gDMF,加入反应釜中,氮气保护,搅拌70min,然后将24g的Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,12g的3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮,缓慢加入到反应釜中,加热升温至55℃,保温反应70min,然后蒸馏除去DMF,即可得到一种耐高温助剂。
作为优选,所述的芳族多异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
作为优选,所述的有机胺为叔丁胺。
实施例3
一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,其操作步骤为:
S1:在反应器中加入35g三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、38g芳族多异氰酸酯,8g耐高温助剂,升温至85℃后,加入2g催化剂,恒温反应3h;
S2:加入2g扩链剂,反应2h;
S3:加入58g溶剂、2g改性剂,进行改性,反应2h;
S4:然后加入0.8g封端剂进行封端,反应0.8h,冷却后得到耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂。
作为优选,所述的反应器中需通入惰性气体氮气作为保护气体。
作为优选,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
作为优选,所述的扩链剂为3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二苯基甲烷二胺。
作为优选,所述的改性剂为三聚氰胺。
作为优选,所述的溶剂为二甲基亚砜。
作为优选,所述的封端剂为氨甲基硅油。
本发明还提供了,所述的耐高温剂的制备方法为:
将8g的丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和3g有机胺,140gDMF,加入反应釜中,氮气保护,搅拌100min,然后将28g的Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,16g的3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮,缓慢加入到反应釜中,加热升温至65℃,保温反应80min,然后蒸馏除去DMF,即可得到一种耐高温助剂。
作为优选,所述的芳族多异氰酸酯包括甲苯二异氰酸酯。
作为优选,所述的有机胺为二乙胺。
实施例4
一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,其操作步骤为:
S1:在反应器中加入40g三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、40g芳族多异氰酸酯,10g耐高温助剂,升温至90℃后,加入3g催化剂,恒温反应4h;
S2:加入3g扩链剂,反应3h;
S3:加入60g溶剂、3g改性剂,进行改性,反应3h;
S4:然后加入1g封端剂进行封端,反应1h,冷却后得到耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂。
作为优选,所述的反应器中需通入惰性气体氮气作为保护气体。
作为优选,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
作为优选,所述的扩链剂为3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二苯基甲烷二胺。
作为优选,所述的改性剂为三聚氰胺。
作为优选,所述的溶剂为二甲基亚砜。
作为优选,所述的封端剂为氨甲基硅油。
本发明还提供了,所述的耐高温剂的制备方法为:
将10g的丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和4g有机胺,150gDMF,加入反应釜中,氮气保护,搅拌120min,然后将30g的Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,18g的3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮,缓慢加入到反应釜中,加热升温至70℃,保温反应100min,然后蒸馏除去DMF,即可得到一种耐高温助剂。
作为优选,所述的芳族多异氰酸酯包括甲苯二异氰酸酯。
作为优选,所述的有机胺为三乙胺。
对比例1
不加入三聚氰胺,其它同实施例3;
对比例2
不加入耐高温剂,其它同实施例3;
对比例3
不加入丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,其它同实施例3;
热分解温度/℃
实施例1 257.3
实施例2 261.9
实施例3 265.2
实施例4 263.6
对比例1 218.6
对比例2 228.1
对比例3 232.7

Claims (8)

1.一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其操作步骤为:
S1:按照质量份数,在反应器中加入25-40份三羟甲基丙烷三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、30-40份芳族多异氰酸酯,4-10份耐高温助剂,升温至75-90℃后,加入1-3份催化剂,恒温反应1-4h;
S2:加入1-3份扩链剂,反应1-3h;
S3:加入50-60份溶剂、1-3份改性剂,进行改性,反应1-3h;
S4:然后加入0.4-1份封端剂进行封端,反应0.5-1h,冷却后得到耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂;
所述的耐高温剂的制备方法为:
按照质量份数,将5-10份的丙烯酸乙酯异氰酸酯,和1-4份有机胺,100-150份DMF,加入反应釜中,氮气保护,搅拌50-120min,然后将20-30份的Α,Α'-二氨基己二酸,10-18份的3-丙烯酰基-2-唑烷酮,缓慢加入到反应釜中,加热升温至50-70℃,保温反应50-100min,然后蒸馏除去DMF,即可得到一种耐高温助剂;
所述的改性剂为三聚氰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的反应器中需通入惰性气体氮气作为保护气体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇或3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二苯基甲烷二胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的溶剂为丙酮或二甲基亚砜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的封端剂为氨甲基硅油。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的芳族多异氰酸酯包括二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或甲苯二异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
有机胺为正丁胺或叔丁胺或二乙胺或三乙胺。
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