CN114938764A

CN114938764A - Mechanical cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN114938764A
Application number: CN202210124100.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹延明; 黄晓梅; 孙红瑞; 董兴月; 李欣; 孙雪; 胡法龙
Original assignee: Heilongjiang Ditan Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Heilongjiang Ditan Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-10
Filing date: 2022-02-10
Publication date: 2022-08-26

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: dividing a cultivated land into 8-ridge planting areas and 2-ridge lane areas; planting soybean or corn in the planting area; mechanical fertilization is adopted; harvesting soybeans and corns regularly after being mature; and (4) crushing the harvested straws and burying the crushed straws in a 2-ridge lane area. By implementing the cultivation method, the yield per unit area of the corn and the soybean is improved, the income of farmers is increased, the crop straws are effectively returned to the field, the conversion and utilization of organic fertilizer resources such as the straws are promoted, the pollution is reduced, the agricultural ecological environment is improved, the cultivated land quality is improved, and the like.

Description

Mechanical cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of crop planting and cultivation, and particularly relates to a mechanical cultivation method.

Background

Corn is an annual male and female same-plant cross-pollination plant, the plant of the corn is tall and strong in stem, the corn is an important food crop and feed crop and is also a crop with the highest total yield all over the world, the planting area and the total yield of the corn are only inferior to those of rice and wheat, the corn is always known as a long-life food, the corn contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, the corn has great potential of developing high-nutrition and high-biological function food, the society is continuously developed, people gradually recognize the benefit of health preservation, the demand of people for the corn is increased, a plurality of corn planting methods are developed for improving the yield of the corn, but the technology is continuously improved, the requirement of people on the corn planting methods is higher and higher, and the existing corn planting methods cannot meet the requirements of people. Soybean plants are upright, branched and from several centimeters to over 2 meters in height. Self-pollination, white or slightly purple. The seeds are yellow, green, brown, black or double-colored, and each pod contains 1 to 4 seeds. Soybeans can be cultivated in various soils, but grow vigorously in warm, fertile and well-drained sandy loam. Sowing after the frost, and maturing in 9 and 10 months. Generally, the seeds are harvested for storage after the water content of the seeds is reduced to below 13% after the leaves of the soybeans are fallen.

In the middle and later stages of the growth and development of the corns and the soybeans, the height of the plants limits the field operation of the tractor, so that large-area mechanical operations such as fertilization, disease prevention, insect prevention and the like cannot be performed.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mechanical cultivation method, which not only improves the unit area yield of corn and soybean and increases the income of farmers, but also effectively returns crop straws to the field, promotes the conversion and utilization of organic fertilizer resources such as straws and the like, reduces pollution, improves the agricultural ecological environment, improves the cultivated land quality and the like.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a mechanical cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(A) dividing a cultivated land into 8-ridge planting areas and 2-ridge lane areas, wherein the ridge width of each ridge is 0.5-0.7 m;

(B) planting soybean or corn in the planting area;

(C) mechanical fertilization is adopted;

(D) harvesting soybean and corn at regular intervals after the soybean and corn are mature;

(E) the harvested straws are buried in a 2-ridge lane area after being crushed, so that the straws can be used for improving the soil of the lane area and then used as a planting area.

In the prior art, the plant height limits the field operation of a tractor in the middle and later stages of the growth and development of corns and soybeans, so that large-area mechanical operations such as fertilization, disease prevention, insect prevention and the like cannot be performed.

The invention solves the defect that the whole mechanical operation can not be carried out in the planting process of the corns and the soybeans. By arranging the 2-ridge lane area as the empty ridge, the function of the lane can be exerted, a tractor can walk into the field, agricultural machinery can conveniently perform corresponding field operation in each growth period of the corn and the soybean, and meanwhile, the operations of disease and pest prevention, chemical control, premature senility prevention of the soybean, timely emasculation after pollination of the corn, top removal of the mature seeds and the like can be performed on the corn and the soybean in time; meanwhile, the marginal effect of the empty ridges is fully exerted on the basis of ensuring that the total seedling number is not changed when the planting area seems to be reduced in the number of the ridges, so that the contradiction between close planting of corn and soybean and ventilation and light transmission is solved, and the light energy utilization rate of crops can be fully improved by the cultivation mode; the cultivation method has the effects that after the corn and the soybean are harvested, the straws around the empty ridges can be crushed and buried in the empty ridges, and after one year of decomposition, the straws of the previous crops are basically decomposed and returned to the field, so that the problem of returning the straws to the field is effectively solved.

Therefore, the whole-process mechanical cultivation mode of the corn and the soybean can not only utilize machinery to carry out large-scale farming activities in the whole process of crop growth, but also improve the unit area yield of the corn and the soybean, and effectively return crop straws to the field, promote the conversion and utilization of organic fertilizer resources such as straws and the like, reduce pollution, improve the agricultural ecological environment, and promote the effects of farmland quality and the like.

Preferably, the corn is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the jointing stage, the weight percentage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the total topdressing amount is 28-32%, and the balance is urea, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride and prohexadione calcium. The additional fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage to control the plant height and prevent lodging.

Preferably, the corn is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in a large-horn-mouth period, wherein the weight percentage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer accounts for 38-42 percent of the total topdressing amount, and the balance is urea, azadirachtin and tebuconazole carbendazim solution with the mass concentration of 42 percent. The main targets of azadirachtin application in the large flare stage are aphid prevention and control, corn armyworm and 42% tebuconazole carbendazim application are prevention and control of corn northern leaf blight and southern leaf blight. The maximum topdressing amount in the large-flare-mouth period is because the corn is about to be fertilized, the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth are simultaneously carried out after the large-flare-mouth period, and the required fertilizer amount is the most vigorous, so the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied in the large-flare-mouth period in percentage by weight of the total topdressing amount to be 38-42%.

Preferably, the corn is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the weight percentage accounting for the total topdressing amount by 28-32% in the androgenesis period, and the balance is urea, azadirachtin and 42% tebuconazole carbendazim. The main purposes of azadirachtin application in the androgenesis stage are prevention and control of aphids, corn armyworms and application of 42% tebuconazole carbendazim are prevention and control of corn northern leaf blight and southern leaf blight.

Preferably, the corn is de-enzymed during the wax ripening period.

Preferably, the depth of the pits is 3-5cm when the corns are planted, the row spacing between the pits is 20-25cm, and 1-3 corn seeds are placed in each pit.

Preferably, the depth of the pits is 3-5cm and the row spacing between the pits is 12-25cm when the soybeans are planted.

Preferably, the soybeans are sprayed with a chemical control agent and a first liquid fertilizer during the flowering phase, the first liquid fertilizer comprising: 2.5 to 2.8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.12 to 0.16 part of phosphate fertilizer, 0.15 to 0.18 part of potash fertilizer, 18 to 22 parts of zinc fertilizer, 6 to 8 parts of boron fertilizer and 1 to 2 parts of ammonium molybdate solution with the mass concentration of 0.05 to 0.1 percent. Wherein, the chemical control agent comprises, by mass, 10-18% of zinc sulfate, 12-20% of ammonium molybdate, 28-30% of a film forming agent, 0.01-0.02% of rooting powder, 0.01-0.02% of gibberellin, 5-10% of an additive, and the balance of ionized water.

Preferably, the soybeans are sprayed with a pesticide and a second liquid fertilizer during the pod-bearing period, the second liquid fertilizer comprising: by mass, 2.5 to 2.8 portions of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.12 to 0.16 portion of phosphate fertilizer, 0.15 to 0.18 portion of potash fertilizer, 18 to 22 portions of zinc fertilizer and 6 to 8 portions of boron fertilizer, and 2000 times of 1500-fold dilution and 30 percent concentration hymexazol-methyl. The pesticide comprises, by mass, 18-21 parts of quicklime powder, 16-18 parts of betel nut powder, 14-15 parts of gleditsia sinensis powder, 11-13 parts of bromothalonil wettable powder, 9-11 parts of dimethoate emulsifiable solution, 8-12 parts of Chinese brake herb powder, 6-8 parts of carbofuran granules, 4-9 parts of triazolone wettable powder, 5-7 parts of phoxim, 3-5 parts of lewisite emulsifiable solution, 2-4 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root powder, 1-3 parts of Anda suspending agent, 2-6 parts of beauveria bassiana, 1-4 parts of difenoconazole emulsifiable solution and 20-30 parts of water.

Preferably, the soybeans are sprayed with a bactericide and the second liquid fertilizer at the early stage of soybean canopy. The topdressing amount of the second liquid fertilizer is consistent with the pod bearing period. Wherein, the bactericide comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-35 parts of fructus kochiae water extract, 4-10 parts of cortex dictamni water extract, 15-30 parts of ethanol and 1-3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

Preferably, the rotation mode for planting the soybeans and the corns is two-year corns and one-year soybeans.

Preferably, the length of the crushed straw is less than or equal to 10 cm.

Preferably, 8-ridge planting areas are ploughed when the farmland is divided, and the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the whole-course mechanized operation can be realized, and a set of complete mechanical corn and soybean cultivation mode is formed;

(2) the corn and soybean planting and straw returning can be effectively combined, the pollution is reduced, the agricultural ecological environment is improved, and the organic matter and nutrient content of soil is increased;

(3) the yield of corn and soybean can be increased by 10-15% per hectare.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described examples are some, not all, of the examples of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.

Example 1

In the soybean planting of the embodiment, the selected cultivated land is positioned at the lower limit of the second temperature zone and the upper limit of the third temperature zone, the perennial temperature is 2650 ℃, the terrain is flat, the soil type is black soil, the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter content is 33.6g/kg, and the previous crop is corn. Dividing the cultivated land into 8 ridges of planting areas and 2 ridges of driveways, wherein the width of each ridge is 0.65m, and 420000 seedlings are protected/hm ² 。

Firstly, large-scale agricultural implements are used for cleaning stubbles and preparing soil in autumn, ploughing and deeply loosening 30cm, and pressing after forming 65cm small ridges to reach a state of waiting for sowing. Special mechanical precision seeding, and applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula fertilizer 250kg/hm in combination with seeding formula ² As base fertilizer, the mechanical fertilization of soybean is carried out in three periods, namely, in the flowering period, the pod bearing period and the prophase of soybean canopy closure.

Spraying 15kg/hm of urea in the flowering period ² Chemical control agent and first liquid fertilizer, wherein the first liquid fertilizer is 2.7kg/hm of nitrogen ² Phosphorus 0.14kg/hm ² And potash fertilizer 0.17kg/hm ² 20kg/hm Zn ² Boron 7kg/hm ² And 0.05-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution, used at the early stage of soybean flowering for lodging resistance, flower and pod protection;

spraying 15kg/hm of urea in the pod bearing period of soybeans ² Insecticide and a second liquid fertilizer, wherein the second liquid fertilizer is nitrogen 2.7kg/hm ² Phosphorus 0.14kg/hm ² 0.17kg/hm potash fertilizer ² 20kg/hm of zinc ² And boron 7kg/hm ² 30% hymexazol diluted by 1500-2000 times can supplement nutrient elements required by soybean, promote photosynthesis, improve quality and increase yield;

spraying 15kg/hm of urea at early stage of soybean canopy closure ² A bactericide and a second liquid fertilizer for controlling leaf diseases such as soybean downy mildew, gray spot and the like.

Chemical weeding before and after seedling and cultivating in good time. And harvesting after the soybeans are mature.

Example 2

In the corn planting of the embodiment, the selected cultivated land is positioned at the lower limit of the second temperature zone and the upper limit of the third temperature zone, the perennial temperature is 2650 ℃, the terrain is flat, the soil type is black soil, the pH value is 6.9, the organic matter content is 33.6g/kg, and the previous crop is soybean. Dividing the cultivated land into 8 ridges of planting areas and 2 ridges of driveways, wherein the width of each ridge is 0.65m, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the seedling protection is 77000 plants/hm ² 。

Firstly, cleaning and preparing land in autumn by using a large-scale agricultural implement, ploughing and deeply loosening for 30cm, and pressing soil after forming 65cm small ridges to reach a state of waiting for sowing. Special mechanical precision seeding, and applying 525kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium formula fertilizer in combination with seeding formula/hm ² The base fertilizer and the corn additional fertilizer are carried out in three periods, namely, 90kg/hm of urea is additionally applied in the jointing period ² Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer account for 30 percent of the total topdressing amount, and in addition, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride and prohexadione calcium;

120kg/hm of urea is applied in the large-horn mouth period ² The fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer account for 40 percent of the total topdressing amount, and azadirachtin and 42 percent tebuconazole carbendazim are also added;

applying 90kg/hm of urea in the stamina stage ² Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer account for 30 percent of the total topdressing amount, and azadirachtin and 42 percent tebuconazole carbendazim are also added;

and (5) performing enzyme deactivation in a wax ripening period.

Chemical weeding before and after seedling and cultivating in good time.

Example 3

The remaining operating steps were the same as in example 1, except that the soybeans were sprayed with a chemical control agent at the flowering stage and a first liquid fertilizer comprising: by mass, 2.5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.12 part of phosphate fertilizer, 0.15 part of potash fertilizer, 18 parts of zinc fertilizer, 6 parts of boron fertilizer and 1 part of ammonium molybdate solution with the mass concentration of 0.05 percent. Wherein the chemical control agent comprises, by mass, 10% of zinc sulfate, 12% of ammonium molybdate, 28% of a film forming agent, 0.01% of rooting powder, 0.01% of gibberellin, 5% of an additive and the balance of ionized water.

Example 4

The remaining operating steps were the same as in example 1, except that the soybeans were sprayed with a chemical control agent at the flowering stage and a first liquid fertilizer comprising: 2.8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.16 part of phosphate fertilizer, 0.18 part of potash fertilizer, 22 parts of zinc fertilizer, 8 parts of boron fertilizer and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1 percent. Wherein the chemical control agent comprises, by mass, 18% of zinc sulfate, 20% of ammonium molybdate, 30% of a film forming agent, 0.02% of rooting powder, 0.02% of gibberellin, 10% of an additive, and the balance of ionized water.

Example 5

The remaining operating steps were the same as in example 1, except that the soybeans were sprayed with an insecticide during the pod-bearing period and a second liquid fertilizer comprising: 2.5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.12 part of phosphate fertilizer, 0.15 part of potash fertilizer, 18 parts of zinc fertilizer and 6 parts of boron fertilizer by mass, and the hymexazol-methyl diluted 1500 times with the concentration of 30 percent. The pesticide comprises 18 parts of quicklime powder, 16 parts of betel nut powder, 14 parts of gleditsia sinensis powder, 11 parts of bromothalonil wettable powder, 9 parts of dimethoate missible oil, 8 parts of Chinese brake herb powder, 6 parts of carbofuran granules, 4 parts of triazolone wettable powder, 5 parts of phoxim, 3 parts of lespedeza missible oil, 2 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root powder, 1 part of Anda suspending agent, 2 parts of beauveria bassiana, 1 part of difenoconazole missible oil and 20 parts of water by mass.

Example 6

The remaining operating steps were the same as in example 1, except that the soybeans were sprayed with an insecticide during the pod-bearing period and a second liquid fertilizer comprising: by mass, 2.8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.16 part of phosphate fertilizer, 0.18 part of potash fertilizer, 22 parts of zinc fertilizer and 8 parts of boron fertilizer, and 2000 times of hymexazol diluted with concentration of 30%. The pesticide comprises, by mass, 21 parts of quicklime powder, 18 parts of betel nut powder, 15 parts of gleditsia sinensis lam powder, 13 parts of bromothalonil wettable powder, 11 parts of dimethoate missible oil, 12 parts of Chinese brake herb powder, 8 parts of carbofuran granules, 9 parts of triazolone wettable powder, 7 parts of phoxim, 5 parts of lespedeza missible oil, 4 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root powder, 3 parts of Anda suspending agent, 6 parts of beauveria bassiana, 4 parts of difenoconazole missible oil and 30 parts of water.

Example 7

The rest operation steps are the same as the example 1, and the difference is only that the bactericide is sprayed at the early stage of the soybean canopy closure according to the mass fraction, and the method comprises the following steps: 20 parts of fructus kochiae water extract, 4 parts of cortex dictamni water extract, 15 parts of ethanol and 1 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

Example 8

The rest operation steps are the same as the example 1, and the difference is only that the bactericide is sprayed at the early stage of the soybean canopy closure according to the mass fraction, and the method comprises the following steps: 35 parts of fructus kochiae water extract, 10 parts of cortex dictamni water extract, 30 parts of ethanol and 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

Example 9

The other operation steps are the same as the example 2, except that the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied to the corn in the jointing stage, the weight percentage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the total topdressing amount is 28 percent, and the rest is urea, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride and prohexadione calcium.

Example 10

The other operation steps are the same as the example 2, except that the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are only applied to the corn in the jointing stage, the weight percentage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the total topdressing amount is 32 percent, and the rest is urea, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride and prohexadione calcium.

Example 11

The other operation steps are the same as the example 2, except that the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied to the corn in the large-horn mouth period, the weight percentage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the total topdressing amount is 38 percent, and the rest is urea, azadirachtin and tebuconazole carbendazim solution with the mass concentration of 42 percent.

Example 12

The other operation steps are the same as the example 2, except that the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied to the corn in the large-horn mouth period, the weight percentage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the total topdressing amount is 42 percent, and the rest is urea, azadirachtin and tebuconazole carbendazim solution with the mass concentration of 42 percent.

Example 13

The remaining operation steps are the same as in example 2, except that only 28% by weight of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, the balance being urea, azadirachtin and 42% tebuconazole carbendazim, are applied to the corn in the androgenesis period.

Example 14

The remaining operation steps are the same as in example 2, except that only 32% of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, in terms of weight percentage of the total topdressing amount, are applied to the corn during the androgenesis period, and the balance of urea, azadirachtin and 42% tebuconazole carbendazim.

Comparative example 1

The rest of the operation steps are the same as the example 1, except that the planting area and the driveway area are not separated, all cultivated land is the planting area, soybeans are planted on 65cm small ridges in a conventional way, and 350000 seedlings/hm are kept ² And continuously planting in each ridge.

Comparative example 2

The remaining operating steps are identical to those of example 2, except thatSeparating planting area from lane area, conventionally planting corn in 65cm small ridge with spacing of 25cm and seedling protection of 60000 plants/hm ² And continuously planting in each ridge.

Comparative example 3

The remaining procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the first liquid fertilizer applied during the soybean flowering phase had no ammonium molybdate solution, and the chemical control agent also did not contain ammonium molybdate.

Comparative example 4

The remaining procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the second liquid fertilizer applied during the podding phase did not contain hymexazol at a concentration of 30%.

The contents of field survey on example 1 and comparative example 1 include plant height, number of main stem nodes, number of effective branches, number of one pod, number of two pods, number of three pods, number of four pods, total pod number, number of null pods, and number of single plant pods; the contents of indoor seed test survey comprise single-plant grain weight, single-plant grain number, single-plant weight, hundred-grain weight, insect erosion rate, mildew rate, hectare yield and the like.

The following table 1 is data of soybean field survey and the following table 2 is data of soybean indoor test species:

table 1:

table 2:

	example 1	Comparative example 1
			Weight per plant (g)	24.3	17.5
Number of grains per plant	78	54
			Weight per unit (g)	0.193	0.186
Bai Lili (g)	19.32	18.64
			Worm damage ratio (%)	0	8
Percentage mildew ratio (%)	0.6	8.4
			Yield (kg/hm) ² )	2652.8	2324.5

As can be seen from table 1, in example 1, the plant height of soybean was shortened by 10.2cm as compared with comparative example 1, the number of effective branches was increased by 1.4, and the number of two pods, three pods, four pods, total pods and the number of single pod were all significantly increased as compared with comparative example 1, and the number of one pod and the number of ineffective pods were significantly decreased as compared with comparative example 1.

As can be seen from Table 2, in example 1, the soybean of comparative example 1 has a significantly increased grain weight per plant and a significantly increased grain count per plant, a slightly increased grain weight per plant and a slightly increased grain weight per hundred, a significantly decreased wormhole corrosion rate and mildew rate, and a higher yield of 328.3kg/hm than that of comparative example 1 ² 。

Through field investigation on the example 2 and the comparative example 2, the internode length, the plant height, the ear position, the stem thickness, the big spot, the stalk void rate and the lodging rate of the plant are investigated; indoor seed test surveys the ear thickness, ear length, bald tip length, ear row number, ear grain number, hundred grain weight, water content, hectare yield and the like.

The following table 3 is data of field survey of corn and the following table 4 is data of indoor test of corn:

table 3:

table 4:

	example 2	Comparative example 2
			Ear thickness (cm)	5.13	5.14
Ear length (cm)	20.54	18.92
			Long bald tip (cm)	0.61	2.32
Ear row (number)	16	16
			Ear grain (number)	566	522
Hundred grains weight (g)	38.62	37.34
			Water content (%)	20.5	27.6
Yield (kg/hm) ² )	11824.2	9674.6

As can be seen from Table 3, the internode length of the maize in example 2 is shortened by 8.9cm compared with the comparative example 2, the plant height is reduced by 53.9cm, the ear position is reduced by 37.9cm, the stem thickness is 0.3cm thicker than CK, the northern leaf blight is obviously reduced, the empty stalk rate is 9 percent lower than the comparative example 2, and the lodging rate is 5.9 percent lower than the comparative example 2;

as can be seen from Table 4, the ear diameter and ear row number of the corn of example 2 are not much different from those of comparative example 2, the ear length is 1.62cm longer than that of comparative example 2, the bald tip length is 1.71cm shorter than that of comparative example 2, and the ear number is 44 grains more than that of comparative example 2, and is hundreds of grainsThe grain weight is 1.28 higher than that of the comparative example 2, the water content is 7.1 percent lower than that of the comparative example 2, and the yield is 2149.6kg/hm higher than that of the comparative example 2 ² 。

The data in table 5 below were obtained by investigating the number of pods per plant and the yield by performing a field survey on example 1, examples 3 to 4, and comparative example 3.

Table 5:

it can be concluded from the comparison of example 1 with example 3, example 4 and comparative example 3 that the difference in the amount of chemical control agent sprayed and first liquid fertilizer during the flowering phase affects the number of individual pods to some extent, and thus the yield, so that the amount of top dressing applied during the flowering phase in example 1 is the best case, so that the flowers can become more pods, and the number of pods is large, and the yield can be guaranteed.

The disease rate was investigated by performing a field survey on examples 1, 5 to 6 and comparative example 4, and the data of table 6 below were obtained.

Table 6:

by comparing example 1 with examples 5-6, comparative example 4, it is concluded that the primary purpose of the pod stage is to control pests and diseases and to ensure that the pod remains intact. 30% hymexazol of proper concentration in example 1 has the function of sterilization and insect prevention.

The field investigation was conducted by using examples 1 and 7-8 to investigate the rate of mildew, resulting in the data of Table 7 below.

TABLE 7

By comparing example 1 with examples 5-6, and comparative example 4, it was concluded that the best results of example 1 were obtained when the biocide and the second liquid fertilizer were applied during the pre-canopy period of soybeans.

The plant height and lodging rate were investigated by field investigation through examples 2 and 9-10, and the data of Table 8 below were obtained.

Table 8:

	example 2	Example 9	Example 10
				Plant height (cm)	232.5	246.3	244.2
Lodging percentage (%)	4.6	4.8	4.9

It can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and examples 9-10 that the nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the jointing stage affect the plant height and lodging rate, and the top dressing amount in example 2 can achieve the optimal effect.

The field survey was conducted by way of example 2 and examples 11-12 to investigate the northern blotch level and the open stalk ratio, and the data of the following table 9 were obtained.

Table 9:

by comparing example 2 with examples 11-12, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to corn in the large-horn-mouth period is 40% by weight of the total topdressing amount, and the balance is urea, azadirachtin and tebuconazole carbendazim solution with the mass concentration of 42%. The insect prevention effect is the best, and the growth effect is the best.

The field survey was conducted by using example 2 and examples 13 to 14 to investigate the northern blotch rating, and the data of the following table 10 were obtained.

Table 10:

by comparing example 2 with examples 13-14, it can be seen that the corn is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the amount of 30% by weight of the total topdressing amount, and the balance of urea, azadirachtin and tebuconazole carbendazim solution with the mass concentration of 42% is applied to the corn in the staminating period. Thus, the insect prevention effect is best.

The data can be used for drawing the conclusion that the yield of the soybean is increased by 14.1 percent compared with the yield of the conventional cultivation by dividing the cultivated land into 8 planting areas and 2 lane areas and returning the straws to the field, and the soybean cultivation method has the advantages of obviously reducing the plant height, the number of one pod, the number of invalid pods, the worm erosion rate and the mildew rate and the like, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application; compared with the conventional cultivation, the yield of the corn is increased by 22.2%, and the method has the advantages of obviously shortened internodes, reduced plant height and spike position, reduced large leaf spot, small bald tip, low water content and the like, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(A) dividing a cultivated land into 8 ridges of planting areas and 2 ridges of lane areas, wherein the ridge width of each ridge is 0.5-0.7 m;

(B) planting soybean or corn in the planting area;

(C) mechanical fertilization is adopted;

2. The mechanical cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied to the corn in the jointing stage in a weight percentage of 28-32% of the total topdressing amount, and the balance is urea, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride and prohexadione calcium.

3. The mechanical cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application of nitrogen and potassium is 38-42% by weight of the total topdressing amount for corn in the large-horn period, and the balance is urea, azadirachtin and tebuconazole carbendazim solution with the mass concentration of 42%.

4. The mechanical cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied to the corn in the stamina stage by weight percentage based on the total topdressing amount of 28-32%, and the rest is urea, azadirachtin and 42% tebuconazole carbendazim solution.

5. The mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the pits when the corn is planted is 3-5cm, the row spacing between the pits is 20-25cm, and 1-3 corn seeds are placed in each pit.

6. The mechanical cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the pits is 3-5cm and the row spacing between the pits is 12-25cm when the soybeans are planted.

7. The mechanoculture method of claim 1, wherein the soybeans are sprayed with a chemical control agent and a first liquid fertilizer during the flowering phase, the first liquid fertilizer comprising: 2.5 to 2.8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.12 to 0.16 part of phosphate fertilizer, 0.15 to 0.18 part of potash fertilizer, 18 to 22 parts of zinc fertilizer, 6 to 8 parts of boron fertilizer and 1 to 2 parts of ammonium molybdate solution with the mass concentration of 0.05 to 0.1 percent.

8. The mechanoculture method of claim 1, wherein the soybeans are sprayed with a pesticide and a second liquid fertilizer during the podding period, the second liquid fertilizer comprising: 2.5 to 2.8k portions of nitrogen, 0.12 to 0.16 portion of phosphate fertilizer, 0.15 to 0.18 portion of potash fertilizer, 18 to 22 portions of zinc fertilizer and 6 to 8 portions of boron fertilizer, and 2 to 4 portions of hymexazol with the concentration of 30 percent which is diluted 1500 times.

9. The mechanical cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the crushed straw is less than or equal to 10 cm.

10. The mechanical cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 8-row cultivation areas are ploughed in the division of the farmland, and the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm.