CN1149323A - 带有聚甲基戊烯条纹的消光尼龙丝 - Google Patents
带有聚甲基戊烯条纹的消光尼龙丝 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种消光尼龙丝,它含有聚甲基戊烯的圆柱形条纹。该丝具有弱闪光或没有闪光,并且色泽鲜明。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及通过加入一种聚甲基戊烯添加剂消光的尼龙丝。
发明背景
通常希望,地毯和织物显示一种特殊光泽或光彩,而不闪光。虽然用于制造地毯和其他纤维制品的纤维显现出的光泽度和闪光度也许是相当主观的事物,但毫无疑问的是,存在这样的性质,而且这种性质对纤维在某些应用中的价值有严重影响。
通过把添加剂加入到纤维中,连同其他手段一起,可以改变纤维的光泽和闪光。通常,添加剂与纤维的聚合物必须是不相溶混的,并且添加剂的折射率与纤维聚合物的折射率必须有足够的差异,使得添加剂会散射照射到纤维上的光。
为控制光泽,可将二氧化钛加入到尼龙中(美国专利2,205,722),但是二氧化钛使纤维色光暗淡,并且显现“白垩色”,没有减少闪光或闪烁。聚乙烯(英国专利1,116,202)、聚丙烯(美国专利4,711,812)或聚苯乙烯(英国专利745,182)也已被用作尼龙的光泽添加剂。它们没有足够地降低闪光,也使纤维色光暗淡。然而,它们没有赋予二氧化钛所赋予的“白垩色”外观。用聚环氧乙烷(美国专利4,540,746)作为光泽添加剂能赋予尼龙纤维理想的鲜明光泽。但是与不含聚环氧乙烷的尼龙纤维对照物比较,聚环氧乙烷还使纤维的染料耐光性降低。
对于短纤维(长度范围一般为4~10英寸的卷曲丝)产品和长丝产品来说,控制光泽和闪光是很重要的。优选以类似于美国专利4,559,196所述方式加工膨化变形长丝(BCF)纱,使用热辊拉伸丝,使用热空气或蒸汽喷嘴膨化长丝。通过在纺丝过程中将添加剂加入到丝中可以控制光泽和闪光,但是在随后的为制造BCF的处理过程中,经常出现由于使用有机聚合物纤维添加剂,例如:聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚环氧乙烷或聚乙烯,而出现的问题,因为粘性聚合物碎屑留在了热拉伸辊上。在热拉伸辊上的碎屑是有粘性的,能使丝粘附到辊上而断头,因而,使加工操作中断。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种有一条纵向轴的消光尼龙丝,它包含0.5~10%重量的聚甲基戊烯(以丝的总重量计),所述聚甲基戊烯以圆柱形条纹均匀分布在丝中,该条纹直径沿其长度基本均匀,L/D主要为50~150,纵向轴一般与丝的纵向轴平行。这种丝具有理想的鲜明光泽,几乎没有或根本没有闪光。在BCF工艺中使用的热辊或者没有沉积物,或者只有少量没有粘性的聚合物碎屑,对纺丝过程没有不利的影响。
附图简述
图1是本发明的尼龙丝的放大示意侧视图。
图2是图1中尼龙丝沿2-2线横截面的放大示意图。
图3是制造本发明的纤维所使用的工艺示意图。
发明详述
现已发现,聚甲基戊烯(PMP)能与尼龙混合,制造具有理想鲜明光泽而没有极光或极光极小的短纤维或BCF。使用PMP,在热辊上没有聚合物碎屑或仅有少量没有粘性的聚合物碎屑。此外按40小时氙弧灯标准耐光性试验,含有PMP的尼龙丝与不含PMP的对照尼龙纤维基本具有相同的染料耐光性。
聚甲基戊烯包括2-甲基-1-戊烯、2-甲基-2-戊烯、3-甲基-1-戊烯、3-甲基-2-戊烯和4-甲基-1-戊烯的聚合物。优选的PMP是聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯),其按照ASTM D1238-70在260℃,5千克负荷下测定的熔融流动指数为4~80。
本发明的丝使用尼龙基体。所谓尼龙指的是熔点为约260℃的尼龙66(聚亚己基己二酰胺)均聚物、熔点为约230℃的尼龙6(聚己内酰胺)均聚物、这些尼龙的共聚物,熔点为约250~260℃的亚己基己二酰胺和亚己基-5-磺基间苯二酰胺的共聚物,以及其他共聚物和三元共聚物,它们至少含有80%重量的尼龙66或尼龙6单元,还含有其他二酸的单元,例如:间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸及类似物,和其他二胺的单元,例如,2-甲基-亚戊基二胺及类似物。可用于本发明的尼龙基体的熔点应大于约220℃。所述丝至少应有80%重量的尼龙。除含有PMP外,所述丝可以含有其他添加剂,例如:颜料、染料、稳定剂、阻燃剂和抗菌剂,但并不限于这些。
在制造本发明的丝中,通过将添加剂和尼龙熔融,并将熔体混合,可使聚甲基戊烯添加剂与尼龙混合。然后采用通常用于尼龙纺丝的方法将这些材料的熔融混合物进行熔体纺丝。
对于消光目的来说,聚甲基戊烯添加剂聚合物的有效量为丝的总重量的0.5~10%。该范围只是合适与否的问题。虽然添加剂聚合物的浓度小于0.5%的丝在纤维外观方面有些优点,但是效果不大。与只有10%添加剂聚合物的纤维相比,添加剂聚合物浓度大于10%的丝的光泽没有大的改善。优选地,尼龙丝可含有约0.5~3%重量的聚甲基戊烯。
参见图1,与尼龙一起熔融掺混、纺丝随后拉伸的聚甲基戊烯添加剂,以基本呈圆柱形的条纹12存在于丝10中,其直径14从头到尾基本均匀,长度16与直径14之比(L/D)主要为50~150。条纹均匀地分布于丝的整个横截面,见图2,条纹的纵轴通常平行于丝的纵轴。这些长条纹正是是造成本发明的丝具有鲜明光泽和低闪光或不闪光外观的主要原因。
本发明的丝的制造工艺是众所周知的。参见图3,该图说明了制造尼龙66BCF的方法。然而,本发明并不只限于BCF产品或尼龙66产品。将尼龙和聚甲基戊烯添加剂的熔融混合物,在温度280~290℃下(大大高于尼龙和PMP的熔点),泵送经过毛细管18,形成丝10,以约10℃的空气在骤冷室20中使丝10骤冷。喂丝辊22控制输送丝10绕过小转子24,并输送到斜辊26。丝10环绕斜辊26缠绕几圈,在辊26和小转子24之间被拉伸2.8倍。将斜辊26加热至约150~210℃,斜辊26被设置在绝热罩28中,以使降低操作中的热损失。就生产短纤维而言,不需将辊26加热,拉伸后将许多丝合并成丝束,进行卷曲,并切断成短纤维(图中未示出)。就生产BCF而言,丝10从斜辊26进入供给200~235℃、压力约110磅/平方寸(约7.5大气压)的空气的膨化嘴28。滚筒30上的旋转筛网将丝10从膨化嘴28取出,从滚筒内侧抽真空将丝10吸到筛网上。优选使用湿气骤冷喷嘴32,提供水湿气以冷却丝10,卷取辊34将丝10从筛网上取下。卷取辊34之后,可以在上油盘36上加二次油剂,将丝从这里输送到卷绕装置38。
含有添加剂聚合物,例如:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚环氧乙烷或聚苯乙烯的尼龙丝,过去会在热斜辊26上留下一种粘性聚合物沉积物。这种沉积物会使丝粘到辊上,使丝断头、缠绕,直至停机。本发明使用聚甲基戊烯添加剂,生产在辊26上或者不会留下沉积物、或者仅留下少量没有粘性的沉积物的丝。此外,按照40小时氙孤灯标准耐光性试验,本发明的丝的染料耐光性基本上等于不含PMP的丝的染料耐光性。
试验方法
聚合物的熔点用差示扫描量热计,以通常方法测定。
尼龙的相对粘度按照在90%甲酸(10%水,90%甲酸)中的8.4%重量聚合物的溶液25℃下的绝对粘度与90%甲酸(不含聚合物)在25℃下的绝对粘度之比测定。
改性率是,按美国专利2,939,201所述方法测定的丝横截面的外切圆的半径与内切圆的半径之比。
实例
在如下实例中,纺制了几种规格的长丝,并使其膨化之。
实例1
使用尼龙66(聚亚己基己二酰胺)和不同浓度的PMP制造丝。本实例的PMP是熔点为约245℃的聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯),其熔体流动指数按照ASTM D-1238-88,在260℃、5kg负荷下测定,为75。尼龙的相对粘度为65~70。
PMP的加入量为丝的总重量的1%、5%、10%;PMP在一台螺杆挤压机中与尼龙混合。在280~290℃下进行熔体纺丝,纺成改性率为2.5的68根三叶形的1120旦的长丝纱。纺丝之后,即按照美国专利4,559,196第4栏第43~67行简略讲授的方法将丝拉伸2.8倍,并使之膨化。热辊温度为165℃。
在PMP添加剂的所有浓度下,在热辊上均只有少量没有粘性的聚合物沉积物。沉积物对加工性能没有不利影响。使用一种低熔点添加剂,例如:低密度聚丙烯,重复这个实例,在热辊上会形成粘性聚合物沉积物,并且会产生断头丝。
在显微镜下观察本实例的丝时,会显示出长的条纹。这种还表现出极好的鲜明光泽、很少闪光或者不闪光。用同样浓度的低密度聚丙烯添加剂在相同条件下制造的类似纤维则呈现很短的条纹,并且光泽暗淡。
实例2
使用实例1的尼龙66和聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)制造了另外的长丝。PMP的加入量如表所示。在290℃下进行熔体纺丝,纺得改性率为3.4的68根三叶形的1100旦的长丝纱。在纺丝以后,即将丝拉伸2.8倍,并按例1所述方法膨化。热辊和膨化嘴空气的温度如表所示。纱的强度、伸长和模量数值也如表所示。
和实例1的情况一样,在本例中热辊上只留下少量没有粘性的聚合物沉积物。产品显现出长的条纹,极好的鲜明光泽,很少或没有闪光。
表
实例 | PMP | 辊温 | 喷嘴温度 | 强度/伸长/模量 |
(%) | (℃) | (℃) | (克/旦)/(%)/(克/旦) | |
2-1 | 1.5 | 180 | 240 | 1.31/61/5.26 |
2-2 | 1.5 | 170 | 240 | |
2-3 | 1.5 | 190 | 240 | 1.61/58/6.32 |
2-4 | 3.0 | 190 | 240 | 1.29/61/5.38 |
2-5 | 3.0 | 180 | 240 | 1.54/66/5.97 |
2-6 | 3.0 | 170 | 240 | 1.57/73/5.80 |
Claims (7)
1.一种具有一条纵轴、包含0.5~10%重量的聚甲基戊烯的消光尼龙丝,所述的聚甲基戊烯以圆柱形条纹均匀地分布在尼龙丝中,条纹直径沿条纹长度方向基本均匀,L/D主要为50~150,其纵轴通常平行于尼龙丝的纵轴。
2.权利要求1的丝,其中该聚甲基戊烯是聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)。
3.权利要求1的丝,其中该尼龙是尼龙6。
4.权利要求1的丝,其中该尼龙是尼龙66。
5.权利要求1的丝,其中该尼龙丝包含0.5~3%重量聚甲基戊烯。
6.权利要求1的丝,其中该丝是短纤维。
7.权利要求1的丝,其中该丝是膨体变形长丝。
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US08/248,897 US5407745A (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Delustered nylon filaments with striations of polymethylpentene |
US08/248,897 | 1994-05-25 |
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CN95193263A Pending CN1149323A (zh) | 1994-05-25 | 1995-05-19 | 带有聚甲基戊烯条纹的消光尼龙丝 |
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US (1) | US5407745A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0763152B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH10501031A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1149323A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU704513B2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69504662T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1995032324A1 (zh) |
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CN102766945A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种抗菌功能的锦纶bcf短纤维生产工艺 |
CN102766924A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种尼龙6 bcf纺丝工艺 |
CN102766959A (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种地毯用bcf长丝 |
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DE10206391B4 (de) * | 2002-02-15 | 2004-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Herstellverfahren der Oberflächengeometrie von Elektromagneten |
CA3086010C (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-08-02 | Penn Color, Inc. | Polyester packaging material |
WO2021035122A1 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-25 | Penn Color, Inc. | Delustered fiber |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2205722A (en) * | 1936-11-04 | 1940-06-25 | Du Pont | Process for preparing delustered synthetic fibers and the like |
FR1070268A (fr) * | 1952-02-04 | 1954-07-21 | Glanzstoff Ag | Procédé pour la fabrication de fils, fibres, soies de brosses, rubans et analogues, doués d'une forte élasticité au gonflement à partir de polymères linéaires élevés |
NL132631C (zh) * | 1964-05-27 | |||
GB1116202A (en) * | 1964-10-24 | 1968-06-06 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the dispersion of polyolefins in non-compatible synthetic polymers and to the products obtained thereby |
US3415921A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1968-12-10 | Hercules Inc | Process for spinning fibers of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) |
GB1081347A (en) * | 1965-09-02 | 1967-08-31 | Ici Ltd | Polymeric dispersions, their formation and products derived therefrom |
US3518337A (en) * | 1967-09-14 | 1970-06-30 | Du Pont | Process for dispersing partially miscible polymers in melt spinnable fiber-forming polymers |
US3729449A (en) * | 1969-08-27 | 1973-04-24 | Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd | Polyamide fibers composed of the polyamide and methods for producing thereof |
US4540746A (en) * | 1983-12-29 | 1985-09-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyamide fiber |
US4559196A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1985-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for improving the dyeability of nylon carpet fiber |
US4711812A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1987-12-08 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Delustered nylon fiber containing segmented striations of polypropylene |
-
1994
- 1994-05-25 US US08/248,897 patent/US5407745A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-19 DE DE69504662T patent/DE69504662T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-19 AU AU25110/95A patent/AU704513B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-05-19 WO PCT/US1995/005858 patent/WO1995032324A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-19 JP JP7530330A patent/JPH10501031A/ja active Pending
- 1995-05-19 EP EP95919128A patent/EP0763152B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-19 CN CN95193263A patent/CN1149323A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102766924A (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种尼龙6 bcf纺丝工艺 |
CN102766939A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种聚酰胺66bcf地毯丝 |
CN102766945A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种抗菌功能的锦纶bcf短纤维生产工艺 |
CN102766959A (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-11-07 | 吴江亚太化纺有限公司 | 一种地毯用bcf长丝 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5407745A (en) | 1995-04-18 |
JPH10501031A (ja) | 1998-01-27 |
WO1995032324A1 (en) | 1995-11-30 |
EP0763152A1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
DE69504662D1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
AU704513B2 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
EP0763152B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
DE69504662T2 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
AU2511095A (en) | 1995-12-18 |
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