CN114907766A - Novel marine antifouling material based on biochar micro-nano structure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Novel marine antifouling material based on biochar micro-nano structure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114907766A CN114907766A CN202210247943.9A CN202210247943A CN114907766A CN 114907766 A CN114907766 A CN 114907766A CN 202210247943 A CN202210247943 A CN 202210247943A CN 114907766 A CN114907766 A CN 114907766A
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- marine antifouling
- biochar
- corncob
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1681—Antifouling coatings characterised by surface structure, e.g. for roughness effect giving superhydrophobic coatings or Lotus effect
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel marine antifouling material based on a biochar micro-nano structure, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the marine antifouling material provided by the invention comprises the following steps: s1, preparing the corncobs into biochar, and then soaking the biochar in excessive silicone oil to obtain the oil-stored corncob biochar; s2, mixing the component A and the component B of the polydimethylsiloxane, adding the oil-storage corncob biochar, and uniformly dispersing and removing bubbles to obtain a homogeneous marine antifouling composite material; and S3, drying the marine antifouling composite material, or blade-coating the marine antifouling composite material on a template, drying and peeling the marine antifouling composite material from the template to obtain the marine antifouling composite material. The marine antifouling material has a microstructure imitating the skin of marine organisms, so that fouling organisms are difficult to attach to the surface of a coating, and the aim of preventing the fouling of the organisms is fulfilled by utilizing slow seepage of silicone oil. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, environment-friendly in material, low in cost, excellent in self-cleaning performance, long-acting in marine antifouling function and easy to realize industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel marine antifouling material based on a biochar micro-nano structure, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of marine corrosion prevention and antifouling.
Background
Marine fouling organisms refer to a class of biological species that grow on man-made structures such as ships, mainly including barnacles, oysters, mussels, seaweeds, marine bacteria, and the like, and are a great hazard to man-made structures. Taking a large ocean-going vessel as an example, once the large ocean-going vessel is attached by fouling organisms, the huge fouling attachment amount not only increases the self weight of the vessel body, but also changes the streamline structure of the vessel body, increases the navigation resistance of the vessel body and greatly increases the fuel consumption. At present, methods for preventing fouling organisms from attaching mainly comprise a mechanical cleaning method, an electrolytic seawater method and an antifouling paint coating method, wherein the antifouling paint coating method is the most convenient and widely applied method, and marine antifouling materials become research and development hotspots of domestic and foreign research institutions.
The antifouling materials based on the seepage of the antifouling agent all have the problem that the antifouling agent is released in the natural environment, low-surface-energy antifouling coating materials are developed, the characteristic that the low-surface-energy materials are not easy to adhere is utilized, organic silicon or organic fluorine polymer is used as a resin base material, the cured coating has very low surface energy, marine organisms are difficult to adhere or are not firmly adhered to the surface of the coating, and the coating is easy to fall off under the action of water flow or external force, is called as a fouling release type antifouling coating material and is a hotspot developed in recent years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a marine antifouling composite material which has the advantages of simple process, low cost, excellent self-cleaning performance, long-term antifouling effect and suitability for wide application, so as to improve the antifouling performance of a coating.
The invention provides a preparation method of a marine antifouling material based on a biochar micro-nano structure, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, soaking the corncob biochar in excessive silicone oil to obtain oil-stored corncob biochar;
s2, mixing the prepolymer A which forms the polydimethylsiloxane with the curing agent B, adding the oil-storage corncob biochar, and removing bubbles after uniform dispersion to obtain a homogeneous marine antifouling composite material;
s3, drying the marine antifouling composite material, or blade-coating the marine antifouling composite material on a template, drying the marine antifouling composite material, and peeling the marine antifouling composite material from the template to obtain the marine antifouling material based on the biochar;
the template has a micro-nano structure.
The marine antifouling material provided by the invention belongs to a bionic antifouling material, and the surface of the material is provided with a micro-nano regular protruding structure, so that marine organisms can be prevented from attaching, and the material has good resistance reducing performance, so that fouling organisms are not easy to attach or not firmly attached on the surface of the material, and an antifouling effect can be achieved.
The polydimethylsiloxane adopted by the invention is a hydrophobic organic silicon material, has heat resistance and cold resistance and small surface tension.
The corncob adopted by the invention is a natural environment-friendly material, has uniform tissue, proper hardness, good toughness and good water and oil absorption performance, and the calcined biochar not only has higher specific surface area and rich pore structure, but also has efficient adsorption function.
In the above preparation method, in step S1, the silicone oil may be dimethyl silicone oil with a viscosity of 350mm 2 /s；
The mass ratio of the corncob biochar to the silicone oil is 1: 40-50;
the soaking conditions were as follows:
drying in vacuum drying oven at normal temperature for at least 72 hr.
In the preparation method, in step S1, the corncob biochar is obtained by carbonizing corncob powder for 2-2.2 hours under the protection of nitrogen;
the particle size of the corn cob powder is 0.1-0.5 mm.
The corncob meal can be prepared by the following method: cutting corncobs into small blocks, repeatedly washing with deionized water by ultrasonic waves, and drying in a drying oven at 85 ℃ for 72 hours; crushing for 5min by centrifugation, and separating by using a sieve with the mesh diameter of 35-150 to obtain the corncob meal.
In the above preparation method, in step S2, the polydimethylsiloxane may be SYLGARD 184, wherein a mass ratio of the prepolymer a (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Base) to the Curing agent B (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Curing) is 10: 1.
in step S1, in step S2, bubbles are removed by evacuation.
In the above preparation method, in step S2, the mass ratio of the corncob biochar to the polydimethylsiloxane is 1: 50 to 150.
In the above preparation method, in step S3, the template is preferably #1000 to #2000 commercial sandpaper, and has a microstructure with high regularity and appropriate size, and the surface micro-organism adhesion is greatly reduced, such as #1000 commercial sandpaper, with a particle size of 6.5 to 13 μm;
the drying is carried out in a vacuum drying oven, the vacuum drying oven is firstly placed under the vacuum condition for 30-40 min, and then the vacuum drying oven is placed under the atmospheric pressure at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for drying for 70-72 h.
The marine antifouling material prepared by the method comprises a substrate layer and a surface micro-nano structure layer;
the thickness of the substrate layer is 3-5 mm, and the height of the surface micro-nano structure layer is 6.5-13 microns.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in terms of materials, the polydimethylsiloxane is a non-toxic and stable material, the corncobs are natural environment-friendly materials, the corncobs are burnt every year to cause great environmental problems, and the marine antifouling aspect is fully utilized; on the surface structure of the coating, a microstructure imitating the marine organism skin is processed, so that fouling organisms are difficult to attach to the surface of the coating, and the aim of preventing the biofouling is achieved by utilizing the slow seepage of silicone oil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of a novel bio-char-based marine antifouling material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a real image of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in embodiment 2 of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in embodiment 2 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of corncob biochar used in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a contact angle test chart of the novel bio-char-based marine antifouling material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a contact angle test chart of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in example 2 of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of the anti-algal adhesion of the novel bio-char-based marine antifouling material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the result of the anti-algae adhesion of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in embodiment 2 of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of anti-algae adhesion of PDMS.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 novel Marine antifouling Material based on biochar
(1) Cutting a large amount of corncobs into small pieces, repeatedly washing with deionized water by ultrasonic wave, and drying in a drying oven at 85 ℃ for 72 h. Crushing for 5min by centrifugation, and separating the corncob powder by a sieve with the mesh diameter of 35-150, wherein the particle diameter of the corncob powder is 0.1-0.5 mm. Introducing nitrogen into the corncob powder at 800 ℃ for carbonization for 2h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and obtaining the corncob biochar.
(2) Mixing the obtained corncob biochar and excessive dimethyl silicone oil (the mass ratio of the two is 1: 40) by a dispersion machine until the mixture is uniform, placing the mixture in a vacuum drying box, and drying the mixture for 72 hours at the normal temperature in vacuum, wherein the viscosity of the silicone oil is 350mm 2 And/s, obtaining the oil-stored corncob biochar (comprising all silicone oil) for later use.
(3) Prepolymer A (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Base) forming polydimethylsiloxane (SYLGARD 184) was mixed with Curing agent B (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Curing) in a 10: 1, and then dispersing and stirring the mixture and the obtained oil-storage corncob biochar until the mixture is uniform, wherein the ratio of the corncob biochar to the polydimethylsiloxane is 1: 150, placing the composite material in a vacuum drying oven, vacuumizing and removing bubbles to obtain the marine antifouling composite material for later use.
(4) And pouring the marine antifouling composite material into a culture dish, then placing the culture dish into a vacuum drying oven, firstly placing the culture dish under vacuum for 30 minutes, then placing the culture dish under atmospheric pressure, and drying the culture dish for 72 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar.
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of the novel bio-char-based marine antifouling material prepared in this example.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of the corncob biochar used in this example, and it can be seen that the biochar has a high specific surface area and a rich pore structure, and can store silicone oil, thereby playing a role in permeation slowing.
Fig. 5 is a contact angle test chart of the novel marine antifouling material based on biochar prepared in the embodiment, and it can be seen that the novel marine antifouling material based on biochar has a better hydrophobic effect.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of the adhesion of algae of the novel marine antifouling material based on biochar prepared in the embodiment, and it can be seen that the novel marine antifouling material based on biochar has a good antifouling effect, and the quantity of adhered algae is significantly reduced before and after scouring (left and right).
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the anti-algal adhesion results of PDMS (SYLGARD 184), which shows that the sample of PDMS has poor antifouling effect and no significant change in the amount of adhered algae before and after washing.
Embodiment 2 novel marine antifouling material based on biochar micro-nano structure
(1) Cutting a large amount of corn cob into small pieces, repeatedly washing with deionized water by ultrasonic wave, and drying in a drying oven at 85 deg.C for 72 h. Crushing for 5min by centrifugation, and separating the corncob powder by a sieve with the mesh diameter of 35-150, wherein the particle diameter of the corncob powder is 0.1-0.5 mm. Introducing nitrogen into the corncob powder at 800 ℃ for carbonization for 2h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and obtaining the corncob biochar.
(2) Mixing the obtained corncob biochar with excessive dimethyl silicone oil by using a dispersion machine until the corncob biochar and the excessive dimethyl silicone oil are uniform, placing the corncob biochar and the excessive dimethyl silicone oil in a vacuum drying box, and drying the corncob biochar and the excessive dimethyl silicone oil for 72 hours at the vacuum normal temperature, wherein the viscosity of the silicone oil is 350mm 2 And/s, obtaining the oil-stored corncob biochar (comprising all silicone oil) for later use.
(3) Prepolymer A (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Base) forming polydimethylsiloxane (SYLGARD 184) and Curing agent B (SYLGARD 184Silicone Elastomer Curing) were mixed in the following 10: 1, and then dispersing and stirring the mixture and the obtained oil-storage corncob biochar until the mixture is uniform, wherein the ratio of the corncob biochar to the polydimethylsiloxane is 1: 150, placing the marine antifouling composite material in a vacuum drying oven, vacuumizing and removing bubbles to obtain the marine antifouling composite material for later use.
(4) And (2) applying a blade coating instrument, taking the obtained marine antifouling composite material to blade coat on a commercial sand paper template, wherein the mesh number of the commercial sand paper template is #1000, the particle size is 13 mu m, placing the commercial sand paper template in a vacuum drying oven, placing the commercial sand paper template under vacuum for 30 minutes, placing the commercial sand paper template under atmospheric pressure, and drying the commercial sand paper template for 72 hours at 30 ℃ to obtain the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure.
Fig. 2 is a real object diagram of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure in the embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a contact angle test chart of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in the embodiment, and it can be seen that the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure has good hydrophobicity, forms a super-hydrophobic surface, inhibits adhesion of bacteria, and makes fouling organisms more difficult to attach to the surface of a coating.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the result of the adhesion of algae of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure prepared in the embodiment, and it can be seen that the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure has a good antifouling effect, and the quantity of adhered algae is obviously reduced before and after the flushing (left and right).
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the result of anti-algae adhesion of PDMS, which shows that the sample of PDMS has poor antifouling effect and the amount of adhered algae before and after washing has no obvious change.
The steps of the anti-algae adhesion experiment are as follows:
according to the national standard, the prepared antifouling sample plate is hung and soaked in chlorella liquid with the concentration of 130350000cfu/ml and is placed in a warm position with sufficient sunlight for three days. The sample was then placed under a fluorescent microscope to observe the adhesion of the chlorella. Then at a flow velocity of 61.571m 3 The anti-fouling sample plate was washed for 3 seconds under water flow, and the anti-fouling sample plate was placed under a fluorescence microscope again to observe the adhesion of chlorella. In order to compare the effect of the novel marine antifouling material based on the biochar micro-nano structure, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the result of algae adhesion resistance of polydimethylsiloxane.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a marine antifouling material based on biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the corncobs into biochar, and then soaking the biochar in excessive silicone oil to obtain the oil-stored corncob biochar;
s2, mixing the prepolymer A forming the polydimethylsiloxane with the curing agent B, adding the oil-storage corncob biochar, and uniformly dispersing and removing bubbles to obtain a homogeneous marine antifouling composite material;
s3, drying the marine antifouling composite material, or blade-coating the marine antifouling composite material on a template, drying and peeling the marine antifouling composite material from the template to obtain the marine antifouling material based on biochar;
the template has a micro-nano structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the silicone oil is dimethyl silicone oil;
the mass ratio of the corncob biochar to the silicone oil is 1: 40-50;
the soaking conditions were as follows:
drying in vacuum drying oven at normal temperature for at least 72 hr.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step S1, the corncob biochar is obtained by carbonizing corncob powder for 2-2.2 hours under the protection of nitrogen;
the particle size of the corncob meal is 0.1-0.5 mm.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in step S2, air bubbles are removed by evacuation.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: in step S2, the mass ratio of the corncob biochar to the polydimethylsiloxane is 1: 50 to 150.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: in step S3, the template is # 1000- #2000 sandpaper.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: in the step S3, the drying is carried out in a vacuum drying oven, the drying is firstly carried out for 30-40 min under the vacuum condition, and then the drying is carried out for 70-72 h at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ under the atmospheric pressure condition.
8. A marine antifouling material produced by the process of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A marine antifouling material according to claim 8, wherein: the marine antifouling material comprises a substrate layer and a surface micro-nano structure layer;
the thickness of the substrate layer is 3-5 mm, and the height of the surface micro-nano structure layer is 6.5-13 microns.
10. Use of a marine antifouling material according to claim 8 or 9 for preventing attachment of fouling organisms to a man-made structure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115558415A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-03 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Novel marine antifouling coating based on polydopamine ball oil storage and preparation method thereof |
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