CN106635038B - Chemical curing agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Chemical curing agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106635038B CN106635038B CN201611189869.0A CN201611189869A CN106635038B CN 106635038 B CN106635038 B CN 106635038B CN 201611189869 A CN201611189869 A CN 201611189869A CN 106635038 B CN106635038 B CN 106635038B
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention provides a chemical curing agent and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of curing agents. The chemical curing agent comprises a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is mainly prepared from water, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and acrylate; the second component is a solution containing sodium silicate with a percentage concentration of 2-5%. The preparation method of the curing agent comprises the following steps: mixing polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, acrylate and water, and heating and reacting at 60-80 ℃ for 30-120 min to obtain a first component; preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2-5% to obtain a second component. The chemical curing agent has bionic performance, namely chemical crusts can be formed on sand surfaces, the chemical crusts are similar to biological crusts, and can be used for carrying out long-acting immobilization treatment on sand grains and improving the wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance of deserts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of curing agents, and particularly relates to a chemical curing agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Desertification (desert for short) is a land degradation process caused by the combined action of unreasonable human activities and natural condition changes. In the process, the land productivity is greatly reduced and even becomes unavailable land, and disasters such as sand storm, sand storm activity and the like are caused, so that the industrial and agricultural production is seriously damaged, and the life quality of people is reduced.
Desertification is one of the main types of desertification, which afflicts the world today as an extremely important environmental and socioeconomic problem, threatening the survival and development of humans. Global desertification has reached 3600 kilo square kilometers, accounts for 1/4 worldwide land area, and is expanding at speeds of 5-7 kilo square kilometers per year, with direct economic losses of up to $ 423 billion per year, affecting the population 1/6 globally.
Currently, existing sand fixation technologies are divided into physical sand fixation, biological sand fixation, and chemical sand fixation. Among them, chemical sand fixation has been rapidly developed in recent years due to its convenient and rapid construction. At present, the number of commercially available chemical curing agents is over one hundred, and the chemical curing agents are sprayed on a sand surface, and then a layer of protective shell is covered on the sand surface through the interaction between the curing agents and sand grains to achieve the purpose of sand control. However, the use of the chemical curing agent is similar to the covering of a thin skin with sand as a filler on a sand surface, and the problem that the thin skin is damaged or even completely peeled off due to construction or wind erosion frequently occurs in the using process, so that the desertification control effect is very little.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a chemical curing agent which has bionic performance, can carry out long-acting immobilization treatment on sand grains and improve the wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance of deserts.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the chemical curing agent, which has simple steps, mild reaction conditions and easy implementation and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the chemical curing agent in desert control, and the chemical curing agent can be sprayed on the sand surface to form stable chemical crusting on the sand surface.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a chemical curing agent comprises a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is mainly prepared from water, 20-50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-30 parts by weight of polyacrylamide and 10-30 parts by weight of acrylate; the second component is a solution containing sodium silicate with a percentage concentration of 2-5%. A method of preparing a chemical curing agent, comprising:
mixing 20-50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-30 parts by weight of polyacrylamide and 10-30 parts by weight of acrylate with water, and heating and reacting at 60-80 ℃ for 30-120 min to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2-5% to obtain a second component. The application of the chemical curing agent in desert control comprises the steps of spraying a first component on a sand surface to be controlled, and then spraying a second component on the sand surface, wherein the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 1-4: 1.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the chemical curing agent provided by the invention, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide in the first component are water-soluble high-molecular polymers, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is used as a film forming agent and can form a film on a sand surface, and the polyacrylamide is used as an adhesive and can adhere and fix sand grains in a physical adhesion manner. The acrylate is used as a water retention agent, is helpful for keeping moisture in the sand grains for a long time, and can also synergistically promote the film forming or binding action of the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyacrylamide. In addition, the sodium silicate has good water resistance and water resistance, and can prevent the chemical curing agent from water erosion in the using process.
After the chemical curing agent is sprayed on the sand surface, the first component and the second component have different penetration degrees in the sand, so that the chemical curing agent can form functional chemical crusts on the surface layer of the sand, and can form crosslinked reticular fibers below the surface layer of the sand, thereby stably anchoring the chemical crusts in the sand. The chemical crust formed by the curing agent has bionic performance, namely the chemical crust is similar to a biological crust, and can be used for carrying out long-acting immobilization treatment on sand grains and improving the wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance of deserts. The preparation method of the chemical curing agent is simple, mild in reaction condition, easy to implement and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is an electron micrograph of the chemical curative provided in example 1.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment provides a chemical curing agent, which comprises a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is mainly prepared from water, 20-50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-30 parts by weight of polyacrylamide and 10-30 parts by weight of acrylate; the second component is a solution containing sodium silicate with a percentage concentration of 2-5%.
According to the chemical curing agent provided by the invention, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide in the first component are water-soluble high-molecular polymers, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is used as a film forming agent and can form a film on a sand surface, and the polyacrylamide is used as an adhesive and can adhere and fix sand grains in a physical adhesion manner. The acrylate is used as a water retention agent, is helpful for keeping moisture in the sand grains for a long time, and can also synergistically promote the film forming or binding action of the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyacrylamide. In addition, the sodium silicate has good water resistance and water resistance, and can prevent the chemical curing agent from water erosion in the using process.
In the chemical curing agent, the first component and the sodium silicate can form a film on the surface of the sand and can also permeate into the bottom layer of the sand through the permeation, and the difference is that the permeation strength of the first component is greater than that of the sodium silicate, and the permeation depth is deeper, so that the chemical curing agent can form a stable anchoring structure through the crosslinked reticular fibers in the first component besides forming a chemical crust on the surface layer of the sand grains. In addition, the first component and the sodium silicate have a synergistic effect, the sodium silicate can improve the water resistance and the compressive strength of the polyvinyl alcohol in the first component, and the first component can also improve the flexibility and the tear strength of the sodium silicate.
After the chemical curing agent is sprayed on the sand surface, the first component and the second component have different penetration degrees in the sand, so that the chemical curing agent can form functional chemical crusts on the surface layer of the sand, and can form crosslinked reticular fibers below the surface layer of the sand, thereby stably anchoring the chemical crusts in the sand. The chemical crust formed by the curing agent has bionic performance, namely the chemical crust is similar to a biological crust, and can be used for carrying out long-acting immobilization treatment on sand grains and improving the wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance of deserts.
In order to further improve the sand-fixing effect of the chemical curing agent, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, 30 to 40 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 to 25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide and 15 to 25 parts by weight of acrylate are calculated. Wherein the acrylate comprises potassium acrylate and/or sodium acrylate.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials of the first component further include, in parts by weight: 0.001 to 0.006 part of a crosslinking agent. The cross-linking agent can cross-link polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide, and improve the stability of the chemical skinning structure.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the crosslinking agent comprises N-N methylene bisacrylamide and/or sodium methylsilicate. The sodium methyl silicate has good waterproof performance, and the N-N methylene bisacrylamide has good crosslinking effect when being used as a crosslinking agent and can generate self-crosslinking when meeting high temperature or strong light. The N-N methylene bisacrylamide and the sodium methylsilicate are taken as cross-linking agents, so that the weather resistance and the water corrosion resistance of the chemical crust can be obviously improved.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-linking agent is sodium methyl silicate and N-N methylene bisacrylamide. Wherein the volume ratio of the sodium methyl silicate to the N-N methylene bisacrylamide is 1: 5-7, and the crosslinking agent obtained by the proportion ensures that the sand fixing effect of the chemical curing agent is better.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the modulus of the sodium silicate is 1.5 to 3. Sodium silicate, also known as water glass, is an ore binder having the chemical formula Na2O·nSiO2The modulus n is SiO2And Na2The ratio of the moles of O, the modulus, shows the composition of the sodium silicate. The larger the modulus of the sodium silicate is, the more the silicon oxide content is, the viscosity of the sodium silicate is increased, the sodium silicate is easy to decompose and harden, and the binding power is increased. In the invention, sodium silicate with the modulus of 1.5-3 is selected preferably, so that the larger binding power of the sodium silicate is utilized to further improve the water resistance and compressive strength of the polyvinyl alcohol in the first component.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the chemical curing agent, which comprises the following steps:
mixing 20-50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-30 parts by weight of polyacrylamide and 10-30 parts by weight of acrylate with water, and heating and reacting at 60-80 ℃ for 30-120 min to obtain a first component; preferably, the heating reaction is a water bath heating reaction, namely, the components in the raw materials are mixed with water according to parts by weight, and the mixture is heated and reacted for 30-120 min at the water bath temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain the first component. The reaction temperature is effectively controlled by water bath heating, which is beneficial to the stable operation of the reaction.
Preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2-5% to obtain a second component; preferably, the percentage concentration of the sodium silicate solution is 3%.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume ratio of water to acrylamide is 2-6: 1, preferably, the volume ratio of water to acrylamide is 4: 1.
the preparation method of the chemical curing agent is simple, mild in reaction condition, easy to implement and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The embodiment also provides an application of the chemical curing agent in desert control, and the application method comprises the following steps: firstly spraying a first component on a sand surface to be treated, and then spraying a second component on the sand surface, wherein the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 1-4: 1. preferably, the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 2: 1; is beneficial to improving the matching degree of the first component and the second component and improving the synergistic interaction of the first component and the second component.
After the chemical curing agent is sprayed on the sand surface, the first component and the second component have different penetration degrees in the sand, so that the chemical curing agent can form functional chemical crusts on the surface layer of the sand, and can form crosslinked reticular fibers below the surface layer of the sand, thereby stably anchoring the chemical crusts in the sand. The chemical crust formed by the curing agent has bionic performance, namely the chemical crust is similar to a biological crust, and can be used for carrying out long-acting immobilization treatment on sand grains and improving the wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance of deserts.
The features and properties of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
This example provides a chemical curing agent that includes a first component and a second component. The first component is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight with water: 50 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of polyacrylamide and 30 parts of acrylate; the second component comprises 5 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw material components of the first component with water, and heating and reacting at 60 ℃ for 120min to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 5% to obtain a second component.
The use method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps: firstly spraying the first component on the surface of the sand, and then spraying the second component on the surface of the sand, so as to obtain the purpose of sand fixation, wherein the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 1: 1.
example 2
This example provides a chemical curing agent that includes a first component and a second component. The first component is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight with water: 40 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 parts of polyacrylamide and 25 parts of acrylate; the second component comprises 3 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials in the first component with water, and heating and reacting for 30min in a water bath at 80 ℃ to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2% to obtain a second component.
The use method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps: firstly spraying the first component on the surface of the sand, and then spraying the second component on the surface of the sand, so as to obtain the purpose of sand fixation, wherein the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 4: 1.
example 3
This example provides a chemical curing agent that includes a first component and a second component. The first component is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight with water: 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of polyacrylamide and 10 parts of acrylate; the second component comprises 3 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials in the first component with water, and heating and reacting for 80min in a water bath at 70 ℃ to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3% to obtain a second component.
The use method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps: firstly spraying the first component on the surface of the sand, and then spraying the second component on the surface of the sand, so as to obtain the purpose of sand fixation, wherein the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 2: 1.
example 4
This example provides a chemical curing agent that includes a first component and a second component. The first component is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight with water: 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 25 parts of polyacrylamide, 15 parts of acrylate and 0.001 part of N-N methylene bisacrylamide; the second component comprises 4 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method and the use method of the chemical curing agent are basically consistent with example 3.
Example 5
This example provides a chemical curing agent that includes a first component and a second component. The first component is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight with water: 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30 parts of polyacrylamide, 10 parts of acrylate and 0.006 part of sodium methylsilicate; the second component comprises 2 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method and the use method of the chemical curing agent are basically consistent with example 3.
Example 6
This example provides a chemical curing agent that includes a first component and a second component. The first component is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight with water: 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 10 parts of acrylate, 0.001 part of N-N methylene bisacrylamide and 0.005 part of sodium methyl silicate; the second component comprises 3 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials in the first component with water, wherein the water accounts for 40 parts by weight, and heating and reacting for 80min in a water bath at 65 ℃ to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the modulus of 2 and the mass percentage concentration of 3 percent to obtain a second component.
The method of use of this chemical curing agent is essentially the same as in example 3.
Example 7
This example provides a chemical curing agent having the same composition as example 6, except that:
the preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials in the first component with water, wherein the weight part of the water is 20 parts, and heating and reacting at 70 ℃ for 80min to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the modulus of 1.5 and the mass percentage concentration of 3 percent to obtain a second component.
The method of use of this chemical curing agent is essentially the same as in example 3.
Example 8
This example provides a chemical curing agent having the same composition as example 6, except that:
the preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the raw materials in the first component with water, wherein the water accounts for 60 parts by weight, and heating and reacting for 80min in a water bath at 75 ℃ to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the modulus of 3 and the mass percentage concentration of 3 percent to obtain a second component.
The method of use of this chemical curing agent is essentially the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a chemical curing agent, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-30 parts of polyacrylamide and 10-30 parts of acrylate.
The preparation method of the chemical curing agent comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials in the first component with water, and heating and reacting in 70 deg.C water bath for 80 min.
The application method of the chemical curing agent is to spray the chemical curing agent on the sand surface.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a chemical curing agent, which is prepared by mixing a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of polyacrylamide and 8 parts of acrylate; the second component comprises 3 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method and the use method of the chemical curing agent are basically consistent with example 3.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a chemical curing agent, which is prepared by mixing a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 32 parts of polyacrylamide and 34 parts of acrylate; the second component comprises 3 parts of sodium silicate by weight.
The preparation method and the use method of the chemical curing agent are basically consistent with example 3.
Experimental example 1
The chemical curing agent prepared in example 1 of the present invention was analyzed by electron microscopy, as shown in FIG. 1.
The electron micrographs of the chemical curing agents provided in examples 2-8 are similar to example 1 and are not shown in sequence.
As can be seen from fig. 1, such chemical curing agents are capable of forming cross-linked network fibers, thereby enabling stable anchoring of the chemical crust in the sand. The electron microscope image shown in FIG. 1 is very similar to the microstructure of the biological crust, which shows that the chemical curing agent provided by the invention has bionic performance.
Experimental example 2
And (3) testing the wind erosion resistance:
the experiments were divided into 12 groups, each of which was performed in a sand table 90cm in diameter and 20cm in depth. The experimental groups had 8 groups, to which the chemical curing agents provided in examples 1 to 8 were applied, respectively, and the control group had 4 groups, of which 3 groups had the chemical curing agents provided in comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, and the remaining group was a blank control group.
The test method comprises the following steps:
the mixed solution of the chemical curing agents is sprayed on the surface of a sand table, then sodium silicate is sprayed on the surface of the sand table, and the total volume of the chemical curing agents sprayed in each sand table is 100 ml. And (3) placing the sand table sprayed with the chemical curing agent at room temperature until the solution is completely absorbed, and then placing the sand table into an oven to bake for 8 hours at 80 ℃. Then, the anti-wind erosion performance test is carried out on the sand fixing samples in the sand tables: and blowing sand clamping wind to the sand tables in the vertical direction, wherein the wind speed is 10m/s, counting the abrasion-resistant time of each sand table, and observing the wind erosion degree. Wherein, the degree of wind erosion is counted by score, the sand table without wind erosion phenomenon is counted as 0 score, the more serious the wind erosion phenomenon is, the higher the score is, and the full score is 10 scores. The statistical results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 weathering resistance test of chemical curing agents
As shown in Table 1, the chemical curing agents provided in examples 1 to 8 of the present invention have an erosion resistance time of 3.2 to 7.2 hours, which is much longer than that of the chemical curing agents provided in comparative examples 1 to 3 by 1.2 to 1.6 hours, and is most preferable in example 6 (the erosion resistance time is 7.2 hours). Meanwhile, the wind erosion degree (0 to 1 minute) of the chemical curing agent provided in the embodiments 1 to 8 of the present invention is also much smaller than the wind erosion degree (6 to 7 minutes) of the chemical curing agent provided in the comparative examples 1 to 3. Therefore, the chemical curing agent provided by the invention has strong sand fixing capacity and good wind erosion resistance.
In summary, after the chemical curing agent provided by the invention is sprayed on the sand surface, the first component and the second component have different penetration degrees in the sand, so that the chemical curing agent can form functional chemical crusts on the surface layer of the sand, and can form crosslinked reticular fibers below the surface layer of the sand, thereby stably anchoring the chemical crusts in the sand. The chemical crust formed by the curing agent has bionic performance, namely the chemical crust is similar to a biological crust, and can be used for carrying out long-acting immobilization treatment on sand grains and improving the wind erosion resistance and water erosion resistance of deserts.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. The chemical curing agent is characterized by comprising a first component and a second component, wherein the first component is mainly prepared from 20-40 parts by weight of water, 30-40 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 15-25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.001-0.006 part by weight of a cross-linking agent and 15-25 parts by weight of acrylate; the second component is a solution containing sodium silicate with the percentage concentration of 2-5%; the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 1-4: 1;
the cross-linking agent comprises N-N methylene bisacrylamide and sodium methyl silicate, and the volume ratio of the sodium methyl silicate to the N-N methylene bisacrylamide is 1: 5-7; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 1.5-3.
2. A method for preparing the chemical curing agent according to claim 1, comprising:
mixing 30-40 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 15-25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 15-25 parts by weight of acrylate, 0.001-0.006 part by weight of cross-linking agent and 20-40 parts by weight of water, and heating and reacting at 60-80 ℃ for 30-120 min to obtain a first component;
preparing a sodium silicate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2-5% to obtain a second component; the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 1-4: 1;
the cross-linking agent comprises N-N methylene bisacrylamide and sodium methyl silicate, and the volume ratio of the sodium methyl silicate to the N-N methylene bisacrylamide is 1: 5-7; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 1.5-3.
3. The method for preparing the chemical curing agent according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the water to the acrylamide is 2-6: 1.
4. the method for preparing the chemical curing agent according to claim 2, wherein the heating is water bath heating, and the temperature of the water bath heating is 65-75 ℃.
5. The application of the chemical curing agent in desert control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is sprayed on the sand surface to be controlled, and then the second component is sprayed on the sand surface, wherein the volume ratio of the first component to the second component is 1-4: 1.
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| JP2001104998A (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-04-17 | Kankyo Biken:Kk | Fluid mud immediate effect solidifying agent |
| CN101063036A (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2007-10-31 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Chemical modifying method for swelled ground treatment |
| CN102863965A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-09 | 南开大学 | Eco-friendly sand stabilization dust depressor and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1331983C (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2007-08-15 | 西北大学 | Water absorbing and preserving polymer soil protecting net film spray agent and its preparation |
| CN101265703A (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2008-09-17 | 谢旻宪 | Roadbed soil reinforcing agent |
| CN102229804B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-10-16 | 西北师范大学 | Clay-based compound sand consolidating material |
| CN102504827B (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2014-01-29 | 中南大学 | Soil solidifying agent with compound function and use method thereof |
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| JP2001104998A (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-04-17 | Kankyo Biken:Kk | Fluid mud immediate effect solidifying agent |
| CN101063036A (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2007-10-31 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Chemical modifying method for swelled ground treatment |
| CN102863965A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-09 | 南开大学 | Eco-friendly sand stabilization dust depressor and preparation method thereof |
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