CN114875246A - Pretreatment recovery method of waste silver-aluminum catalyst - Google Patents
Pretreatment recovery method of waste silver-aluminum catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN114875246A CN114875246A CN202210442445.XA CN202210442445A CN114875246A CN 114875246 A CN114875246 A CN 114875246A CN 202210442445 A CN202210442445 A CN 202210442445A CN 114875246 A CN114875246 A CN 114875246A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/026—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst, which relates to the technical field of chemical recovery and comprises the following steps: s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to ensure that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is fully contacted with the hydrochloric acid, filtering, and washing filter residues; s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the leaching solution comprises dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, and after the reaction is finished, filtering; s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into a sodium chloride solution, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate; s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating, and cooling to obtain silver oxide; and S5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to be molten, and cooling to obtain a silver block. The method has the advantages of improving the leaching rate of the silver in the waste silver-aluminum catalyst and having high recovery rate of the silver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical recovery, in particular to a pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst.
Background
Silver and its compounds are often used in a variety of applications due to their unique physicochemical propertiesIn the catalyst. For example, the surface of the photocatalyst is loaded with nano silver particles, so that generated photo-generated electrons can be transferred to the silver metal particles loaded on the surface more easily, thereby effectively inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated carriers and improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance, and therefore, simple substance silver is often used for doping or loading on other materials to improve the performance of the composite photocatalyst. Silver is taken as an active component to be adsorbed on alpha-Al 2 O 3 YS series catalyst on the surface of alumina is widely applied to the production of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide and other organic matters, and the silver-containing catalyst carrier mainly comprises alpha-Al 2 O 3 And a small amount of silicon dioxide, small balls or small cylinders of silver with a large number of micropores are distributed on the surface and the inner surface of the micropores. In order to improve the performance of the catalyst, a promoter such as calcium is often added. After the catalyst is used for a period of time, the performance of the catalyst is reduced and lost, and the catalyst needs to be scrapped. The majority of the silver-containing catalyst contains 10-30% of silver, and the minority of the silver can reach about 40%. Therefore, the recovery of silver from the waste silver catalyst has a very high social value.
At present, the method for recovering silver from silver-containing waste catalyst at home and abroad generally adopts a pyrogenic process and a wet process. Direct smelting is adopted by a fire method to obtain crude silver, and then a traditional electrolytic bath is used for electrolytic refining to obtain silver powder; or nitric acid is used as a leaching agent to obtain a silver nitrate solution, and then traditional electrolytic refining is carried out to obtain silver powder, wherein the electrolytic refining has some defects, the energy consumption is high, the production cost is high, and the silver is easy to enter a slag phase; can produce a large amount of acid mist during electrolysis, easily corrode equipment, and has great influence on the working environment of a factory: the electrolysis also produces anode mud which needs further treatment, and increases the working procedures. The wet method adopts nitric acid as a leaching agent to obtain a silver nitrate solution, and then silver is separated and purified from the silver nitrate solution, and the wet method has the advantages of less equipment investment, convenient operation and high product purity. The method has the disadvantages that other impurities in the waste catalyst have great influence on the recovery rate of silver, the content of silver in insoluble slag is high, and the recovery rate of silver is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art and provides a method for pretreating and recycling a waste silver-aluminum catalyst.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to ensure that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is fully contacted with the hydrochloric acid, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the leaching solution comprises dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, and after the reaction is finished, filtering;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into a sodium chloride solution, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
and S5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to be molten, and cooling to obtain a silver block.
Preferably, in the step S1, the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is fully ground to 50 to 150 meshes, the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 5 to 15%, and the addition amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1.5 to 2.5 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst.
Preferably, in the step S2, the ultrasonic treatment power is 40 to 100W, and the magnetic induction of the magnetic field is 80 to 200 mT.
Preferably, in the step S2, the ultrasonic wave with power of 80-100W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 150-200 mT are firstly used for processing for 10-15 min, and then the ultrasonic wave with power of 40-80W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 80-150 mT are used for processing for 20-40 min.
Preferably, in the step S2, the reaction solution is heated at 60 to 70 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S2, the dosage of the leaching solution is 0.9-1.5 times of the mass of the filter residue, and the leaching time is 30-120 min; the volume ratio of the dilute nitric acid to the hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1: 0.1-0.3, the mass fraction of the dilute nitric acid is 10-25%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-12%.
Preferably, in the step S3, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 10 to 15%.
Preferably, in the step S4, the silver chloride precipitate and the sodium carbonate are heated to 480-680 ℃, and cooled to obtain the silver oxide.
Preferably, in the step S5, the silver oxide is heated to 1200 to 1600 ℃, and the molten liquid silver is cooled to obtain the silver block.
Preferably, in step S2, the tail gas generated by leaching the filter residue is absorbed by dilute nitric acid and then by alkali solution.
The invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is treated by using the dilute hydrochloric acid and ground, so that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is fully contacted with the dilute hydrochloric acid, alumina, calcium and the like in the waste silver-aluminum catalyst can react with the dilute hydrochloric acid, the alumina, calcium and the like in the waste silver-aluminum catalyst are removed, and the problem that the silver in the waste silver-aluminum catalyst cannot fully react with a subsequent leaching solution due to the coating of the alumina, calcium and the like can be avoided. Then, the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is treated by adopting a leaching solution composed of dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide so as to convert silver in the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into silver nitrate, a leaching system composed of dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide is adopted, the leaching rate of silver is improved, and the hydrogen peroxide can reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides to a certain extent and reduce the pollution to the environment; meanwhile, the catalyst is heated during leaching, and ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field are adopted for treatment, so that the silver in the catalyst can fully react with the leaching solution under the energy generated by the ultrasonic waves and the magnetic field, the leaching reaction is accelerated, the dissolution rate of the silver in the solution can be improved, and the recovery rate of the silver is improved. And finally, adding sodium carbonate to generate silver oxide, and heating the silver oxide to obtain silver blocks, so that the silver in the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is recovered, and the recovery rate of the silver is high.
The tail gas generated by leaching is absorbed by dilute nitric acid and then alkali, so that NO generated by leaching can be absorbed x Is absorbed and NO is reduced x Pollution caused by discharge.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to 50-150 meshes, wherein the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 5%, and the addition amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 2.5 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst, so that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst and the hydrochloric acid are fully contacted, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the dosage of the leaching solution is 0.9 times of the mass of the filter residue, the volume ratio of dilute nitric acid to hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1:0.1, the mass fraction of dilute nitric acid is 25%, and the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 12%, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, firstly applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 80W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 150mT for treatment for 10min, then applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 40W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 80mT for treatment for 20min, and simultaneously heating the reaction solution at 60 ℃ for 120 min; meanwhile, tail gas generated by leaching filter residue is absorbed by dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, and then is absorbed by introducing strong ammonia water; after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues, and collecting filtrate;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into an excessive sodium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 10%, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating to 480 ℃, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
s5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to 1200 ℃, and cooling the molten liquid silver to obtain a silver block.
Example 2
A pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to 50 meshes, wherein the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 8%, and the adding amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 2.2 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst, so that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst and the hydrochloric acid are fully contacted, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the dosage of the leaching solution is 1 time of the mass of the filter residue, the volume ratio of dilute nitric acid to hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1:0.15, the mass fraction of dilute nitric acid is 20%, and the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 10%, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, firstly applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 90W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 160mT for treatment for 12min, then applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 50W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 100mT for treatment for 25min, and simultaneously heating the reaction solution at 62 ℃ for leaching time of 100 min; meanwhile, tail gas generated by leaching filter residue is absorbed by dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, and then is absorbed by introducing strong ammonia water; after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues, and collecting filtrate;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into an excessive sodium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 10-15%, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating to 500 ℃, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
s5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to 1300 ℃, and cooling the molten liquid silver to obtain a silver block.
Example 3
A pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to 50-150 meshes, wherein the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 10%, and the adding amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 2 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst, so that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst and the hydrochloric acid are fully contacted, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the dosage of the leaching solution is 1.2 times of the mass of the filter residue, the volume ratio of dilute nitric acid to hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1:0.2, the mass fraction of the dilute nitric acid is 18%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10%, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, firstly applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 90W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 180mT for treatment for 10-15 min, then applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 60W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 120mT for treatment for 30min, and simultaneously heating the reaction solution at 65 ℃ for 80 min; meanwhile, tail gas generated by leaching filter residue is absorbed by dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, and then is absorbed by introducing strong ammonia water; after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues, and collecting filtrate;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into an excessive sodium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 12%, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating to 580 ℃, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
s5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to 1400 ℃, and cooling the molten liquid silver to obtain a silver block.
Example 4
A pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to 50-150 meshes, wherein the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 12%, and the adding amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1.8 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst, so that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst and the hydrochloric acid are fully contacted, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the dosage of the leaching solution is 1.4 times of the mass of the filter residue, the volume ratio of dilute nitric acid to hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1:0.25, the mass fraction of the dilute nitric acid is 15%, the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 9%, the leaching solution comprises dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, firstly applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 90W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 190mT for treatment for 10min, then applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 70W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 140mT for treatment for 30min, and simultaneously heating the reaction solution at 68 ℃ for 60 min; meanwhile, tail gas generated by leaching filter residue is absorbed by dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, and then is absorbed by introducing strong ammonia water; after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues, and collecting filtrate;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into an excessive sodium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 15%, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating to 600 ℃, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
s5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to 1500 ℃, and cooling the molten liquid silver to obtain a silver block.
Example 5
A pretreatment recovery method of a waste silver-aluminum catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to 50-150 meshes, wherein the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 15%, and the adding amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1.5 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst, so that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst and the hydrochloric acid are fully contacted, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the dosage of the leaching solution is 1.5 times of the mass of the filter residue, the volume ratio of dilute nitric acid to hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1:0.3, the mass fraction of the dilute nitric acid is 25%, the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 10%, the leaching solution comprises dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, firstly applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 200mT for treatment for 10min, then applying ultrasonic waves with the power of 80W and the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field of 150mT for treatment for 40min, and simultaneously heating the reaction solution at 70 ℃ for 120 min; meanwhile, tail gas generated by leaching filter residue is absorbed by dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 5%, and then is absorbed by introducing strong ammonia water; after the reaction is finished, filtering, washing filter residues, and collecting filtrate;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into an excessive sodium chloride solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 15%, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating to 680 ℃, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
and S5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to 1600 ℃, and cooling the molten liquid silver to obtain a silver block.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: step S1 is not performed.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: in step S2, ultrasonic wave and magnetic field processing are not performed.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: in step S2, no ultrasonic processing is performed.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: in step S2, the magnetic field processing is not performed.
The ICP test was used to calculate the recovery of silver in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4, and the results are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the recovery rate of silver was 98% or more in examples 1 to 5. Comparing examples 1-5 with comparative examples 1-4, it can be seen that the recovery rate of silver in examples 1-5 is significantly greater than that in comparative examples 1-4, thus indicating that whether to perform step S1 and whether to perform ultrasonic wave and/or magnetic field treatment in step S2 significantly affect the recovery rate of silver.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pretreatment recovery method of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding the waste silver-aluminum catalyst into dilute hydrochloric acid, fully grinding to ensure that the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is fully contacted with the hydrochloric acid, filtering, and washing filter residues;
s2, adding the filter residue obtained after filtration in the step S1 into a leaching solution, wherein the leaching solution comprises dilute nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field to the reaction solution, and filtering after the reaction is finished;
s3, adding the filtrate obtained after filtration in the step S2 into a sodium chloride solution, and filtering to obtain silver chloride precipitate and filtrate;
s4, neutralizing the silver chloride precipitate obtained in the step S3 with sodium carbonate, heating, and cooling to obtain silver oxide;
and S5, heating the silver oxide obtained in the step S4 to be molten, and cooling to obtain a silver block.
2. The method for pretreating and recycling the waste silver-aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the waste silver-aluminum catalyst is fully ground to 50-150 meshes, the mass fraction of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 5-15%, and the addition amount of the dilute hydrochloric acid is 1.5-2.5 times of the mass of the waste silver-aluminum catalyst.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the ultrasonic treatment power is 40-100W, and the magnetic induction of the magnetic field is 80-200 mT.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the waste silver and aluminum catalyst is treated with ultrasonic wave of 80-100W power and magnetic induction of 150-200 mT for 10-15 min, and then treated with ultrasonic wave of 40-80W power and magnetic induction of 80-150 mT for 20-40 min.
5. The method for pretreating and recycling the waste silver and aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the reaction solution is heated at 60-70 ℃.
6. The pretreatment recovery method for the waste silver-aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the dosage of the leaching solution is 0.9-1.5 times of the mass of the filter residue, and the leaching time is 30-120 min; the volume ratio of the dilute nitric acid to the hydrogen peroxide in the leaching solution is 1: 0.1-0.3, the mass fraction of the dilute nitric acid is 10-25%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-12%.
7. The pretreatment recovery method for the waste silver-aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 10-15%.
8. The pretreatment recovery method for the waste silver-aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the silver chloride precipitate and the sodium carbonate are heated to 480-680 ℃, and cooled to obtain the silver oxide.
9. The method for pretreating and recycling the waste silver-aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the silver oxide is heated to 1200-1600 ℃, and the molten liquid silver is cooled to obtain the silver block.
10. The method for pretreating and recycling the waste silver and aluminum catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the tail gas generated by leaching the filter residue is firstly absorbed by dilute nitric acid and then absorbed by alkali liquor.
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