CN114847112A - Method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer of young tea garden - Google Patents
Method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer of young tea garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN114847112A CN114847112A CN202210646899.9A CN202210646899A CN114847112A CN 114847112 A CN114847112 A CN 114847112A CN 202210646899 A CN202210646899 A CN 202210646899A CN 114847112 A CN114847112 A CN 114847112A
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- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 claims 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009350 relay intercropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000007297 Gaultheria procumbens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010394 Solidago odora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000008027 Akebia quinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007756 Akebia quinata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589174 Bradyrhizobium japonicum Species 0.000 description 1
- LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocaffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 LPHGQDQBBGAPDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1C=CN2C VJEONQKOZGKCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soybean planting, and particularly relates to a method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer in a young tea garden. The technology comprises the following steps: (1) sowing soybeans on the land among the tea tree rows; (2) after soybean seedlings emerge, checking and replanting the seedlings; (3) observing and fertilizing when the soybean seedlings grow to the two-leaf stage; (4) harvesting at the terminal stage of pod maturity, wherein plants are dried, seeds are rounded and hardened, and leaf stalks are shed; (5) the harvested soybeans are dried in the sun and screened before being stored in a dry environment. By interplanting soybeans in the young tea garden, the growth of weeds in the tea garden is inhibited through the soybeans, and economic benefits are provided through the soybeans in the stage that the young tea garden does not have economic value, so that the healthy development of the tea garden industry is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soybean planting, and particularly relates to a method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer in a young tea garden.
Background
The grass injury of the young tea garden is serious due to short planting time, weak tree vigor, large tea row spacing and no fluffy surface. The young tea garden period becomes the most difficult period in the current Guizhou mountain tea industry, and the management problem is the key and bottleneck problem of the current Guizhou mountain tea industry in high-speed development. Therefore, how to realize the effects of controlling grass, increasing fertilizer and increasing efficiency in the young tea garden has extremely important significance for promoting the high-efficiency and high-quality development of the tea industry.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer of the young tea garden is provided, soil components of the young tea garden are improved, tea quality is improved, weed growth in the tea garden is inhibited, and the economic output period of the tea garden is shortened.
A method for controlling grass and increasing weight of a young tea garden comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing soybeans on the land among the tea tree rows;
(2) after soybean seedlings emerge, checking and replanting the seedlings;
(3) observing and fertilizing when the soybean seedlings grow to the two-leaf stage;
(4) harvesting at the terminal stage of pod maturity, wherein plants are dried, seeds are rounded and hardened, and leaf stalks are shed;
(5) the harvested soybeans are dried in the sun and screened before being stored in a dry environment.
Further limiting, the sowing time in the step (1) is adjusted according to the altitude;
the altitude is below 600m, and the sowing time is 2 months;
the altitude is 600m-1000m, and the sowing time is 3 months;
the altitude is 1000m-1500m, and the sowing time is 4 months;
the altitude is more than 1500m, and the sowing time is in the last or middle ten days of month 5.
Further, during the steps (1) to (4), irrigation or drainage is carried out according to soil moisture.
Further limiting, disease and insect control needs to be done during the steps (2) and (3).
Further limiting, in the step (1), the seeding density is 25cm-35cm of row spacing and 15cm-25cm of plant spacing.
Further limiting, the step (4) is carried out after 70% -80% of soybean leaves are withered and fallen during artificial harvesting; when mechanical harvesting is adopted, the method is carried out when 80% -85% of leaves are withered and the grains are rounded.
Further limiting, the water content of the stored soybeans in the step (5) is 10-13%, and the storage temperature is 18-25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. relevant procedures of the grass control and fertilizer increase and efficiency improvement technology of young tea garden interplanting of Guizhou mountains are standardized, the practical requirement target of management of the young tea garden of Guizhou mountains is taken as the aim of controlling grass and increasing fertilizer and improving the management level of the tea garden, the weeds are controlled by interplanting the soybeans in the young tea garden, the soil fertility is improved, the income of farmers is increased, the efficient management mode of the young tea garden of 'short-term cultivation and short-term growth promotion' is achieved, the planting enthusiasm of tea farmers is improved, and the method has important significance for strengthening and improving the change of Guizhou tea province from tea province to tea province, building world high-quality green tea export bases and the like.
2. The traditional young tea garden grass control modes comprise manual/mechanical weeding, grass cloth prevention weeding, pasture planting, grass making by grass and the like, the modes have certain grass control effect but only input without output, and the input is carried out under the background that the young tea garden has no output and very high management cost, so that the difficulty of farmers in managing the young tea garden is further increased. Therefore, the method has important economic significance and social significance while effectively controlling and removing weeds in the young tea garden.
3. The scheme is theoretically developed on the basis of traditional tea garden relay intercropping of soybeans, and relevant researches prove that the grass control effect of young tea garden relay intercropping of soybeans and provides a new idea for further application of soybeans in tea gardens, production of soybeans and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Example one
A method for controlling grass and increasing weight of a young tea garden comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing soybeans on the land among the tea tree rows;
(2) after soybean seedlings emerge, checking and replanting the seedlings;
(3) observing and fertilizing when the soybean seedlings grow to the two-leaf stage;
(4) harvesting at the terminal stage of pod maturity, wherein plants are dried, seeds are rounded and hardened, and leaf stalks are shed;
(5) the harvested soybeans are dried in the sun and screened before being stored in a dry environment.
The sowing time in the step (1) is adjusted according to the altitude;
the altitude is below 600m, and the sowing time is 2 months;
the altitude is 600m-1000m, and the sowing time is 3 months;
the altitude is 1000m-1500m, and the sowing time is 4 months;
the altitude is more than 1500m, and the sowing time is in the last or middle ten days of month 5.
And (4) irrigating or draining water according to soil moisture content during the period from the step (1) to the step (4).
And (3) disease and insect control is required to be performed during the steps (2) and (3).
In the step (1), the seeding density is 25cm-35cm of row spacing and 15cm-25cm of plant spacing.
Step (4) is carried out after 70% -80% of soybean leaves are withered when artificial harvesting is adopted; when mechanical harvesting is adopted, the method is carried out when 80% -85% of leaves are withered and the grains are rounded.
In the step (5), the water content of the stored soybeans is 10-13%, and the storage temperature is 18-25 ℃.
In the embodiment, the soybean variety is selected according to market requirements and combined with production requirements of processing industry, and the variety of the approved and promoted soybean with high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance is selected.
Before sowing, the soybean seeds are screened to remove impurities, miscellaneous grains, pest and blight grains, and full seeds are remained, so that the purity of the sown soybean seeds is more than or equal to 99%, the germination rate is more than or equal to 85%, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the water content is less than or equal to 13%.
The sowing time of the soybean seeds is adjusted according to the altitude;
the altitude is below 600m, and the sowing time is 2 months;
the altitude is 600m-1000m, and the sowing time is 3 months;
the altitude is 1000m-1500m, and the sowing time is 4 months;
the altitude is more than 1500m, and the sowing time is in the last or middle ten days of month 5.
Before sowing, the land is deeply ploughed and ploughed by a machine or a worker, soil particles are properly refined, the root systems of weeds are removed, the soil is observed, and a small amount of phosphate fertilizer is spread during ploughing if the soil is barren.
After the land is arranged, the sowing can be carried out, and the sowing density is controlled to be 3kg-4 kg per mu generally. The sowing mode adopts equal row spacing sowing, the row spacing is about 30cm, and the plant spacing is about 20 cm.
After soybean seedlings emerge, the seedlings are immediately checked and reseeded, and when the ridge is cut by more than 30cm, reseeded or reseeded is needed, and two plants can be remained at two ends of the ridge by less than 30 cm.
After 2 cotyledons of the soybean seedlings are unfolded, manual thinning and five-leaf final singling are carried out timely when the first pair of single leaves appears, and reasonable density is ensured.
After sowing for 2-3 weeks, removing weeds once to avoid the situation that the weeds grow too fast to inhibit the growth of the soybeans, and removing visible weeds among tea tree lines and at the soybean planting area.
When the soybean grows in the two-leaf stage, the leaves of the soil with medium fertility are normal in the two-leaf stage, and if the leaves of the soil turn yellow, the topdressing is 2 kg/mu. The lean soil turns yellow in the two-leaf period, and the topdressing is 3 kg/mu. If the leaves are normal in the two-leaf period, no additional fertilizer is needed. As the soybean root nodule has the function of fixing nitrogen, soybeans are planted in the tea garden according to the principle that the color of leaves changes and the fertilizer is deficient and supplemented.
The principle of 'prevention is mainly and comprehensively' is adhered to, green prevention and control technologies such as agricultural prevention, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and the like are actively popularized and applied, and the dosage of chemical pesticides is reduced. When chemical prevention and treatment are adopted, high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected as much as possible, and the selection of prevention and treatment agents meets the requirements of soybean production and the medication standards of tea gardens.
During the period from sowing to maturity of the plumule, attention is paid to soil moisture content, watering is carried out in time when drought occurs, and drainage is carried out when waterlogging occurs. And in the soybean grain swelling period, nutrients and water which need to be met are irrigated in time according to soil moisture content.
Harvesting at the end of pod maturity, wherein the plants are dried, leaves and petioles fall off, the round and hard grains are the mature period, and the plants are harvested after dew is dried. Harvesting is carried out after 70% -80% of the soybean leaves are withered by manual harvesting, and mechanical harvesting is carried out when 80% -85% of the soybean leaves are withered and the kernels are rounded.
The harvested soybeans are dried in the sun immediately, the water content is 10-13%, impurities, miscellaneous grains, pest-disease grains and blighted grains are picked out at the same time, and full soybeans are remained. The storage condition reaches the standard seed warehouse, the seed warehouse has the performances of firmness, moisture resistance, heat insulation, ventilation, tightness and the like, the storage temperature is 18-25 ℃, the dry environment is kept, and the pest and disease damage condition is periodically checked;
the scheme adopts an intercropping and relay intercropping mode, is beneficial to the formation of a soil granular structure through reasonable intercropping, improves the physical condition of soil, improves the content and the nutrient content of soil organic matters, and increases the condition of soil fertility; improving the microclimate of the tea garden, enhancing diffused light and cooling in summer; can help the tea garden soil to store water, reduce runoff, prevent water and soil loss, inhibit weeds and plant diseases and insect pests through the maintenance of interplanted soybeans, and increase the microbial content of the soil.
In addition, the biological diversity in the tea garden ecological system can be increased, the ecological balance of the tea garden is maintained, all ecological factors are changed to the direction beneficial to the growth of the tea trees, the growth of the tea trees is promoted, the juvenile period of the tea trees is shortened, and finally the tea garden is put into production as early as possible;
the soybean root secretion organic acid and phenolic acid are beneficial to improving the microbial biomass and microbial activity of soil, the rhizobium japonicum can fix free nitrogen in the air, can alleviate the consumption of soil fertility and fertilize the soil fertility, can increase the organic matter content of the soil, can increase the quality components of tea leaves such as tea polyphenol, amino acid, caffeine and water extract, and can improve the quality of the tea leaves. The tea rows in the young tea garden are relatively large in distance (usually 1.4-1.8 m), and the intercropping can utilize the land resources among the tea rows, improve the land utilization rate and reduce the growth of weeds to a certain extent. But also can give full play to the marginal advantage of tea and the nitrogen fixation advantage of the root nodules of the soybeans, thereby improving the comprehensive yield and improving the ecological conditions of the soil.
Through a planting mode of interplanting soybeans in a young tea garden, the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil can be improved, the land utilization efficiency is improved, the management cost is reduced, and the tea quality is improved.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer in a young tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing soybeans on the land among the tea tree rows;
(2) after soybean seedlings emerge, checking and replanting the seedlings;
(3) observing and fertilizing when the soybean seedlings grow to the two-leaf stage;
(4) harvesting at the terminal stage of pod maturity, wherein plants are dried, seeds are rounded and hardened, and leaf stalks are shed;
(5) the harvested soybeans are dried in the sun and screened before being stored in a dry environment.
2. The method for controlling grasses and gaining weight in a young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sowing time in the step (1) is adjusted according to the altitude;
the altitude is below 600m, and the sowing time is 2 months;
the altitude is 600m-1000m, and the sowing time is 3 months;
the altitude is 1000m-1500m, and the sowing time is 4 months;
the altitude is more than 1500m, and the sowing time is in the last or middle ten days of month 5.
3. The method for controlling grasses and gaining weight in a young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) irrigating or draining water according to soil moisture content during the period from the step (1) to the step (4).
4. The method for controlling grasses and gaining weight in a young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) disease and insect control is required to be performed during the steps (2) and (3).
5. The method for controlling grasses and gaining weight in a young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the seeding density is 25cm-35cm of row spacing and 15cm-25cm of plant spacing.
6. The method for controlling grasses and gaining weight in a young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step (4) is carried out after 70-80% of soybean leaves are withered when artificial harvesting is adopted; when mechanical harvesting is adopted, the method is carried out when 80% -85% of leaves are withered and the grains are rounded.
7. The method for controlling grasses and gaining weight in a young tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water content of the stored soybeans in the step (5) is 10-13%, and the storage temperature is 18-25 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210646899.9A CN114847112A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer of young tea garden |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210646899.9A CN114847112A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Method for controlling grass and increasing fertilizer of young tea garden |
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| CN114847112A true CN114847112A (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102986425A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-27 | 青岛农业大学 | Tea tree and soybean intercropping pattern |
| CN103609273A (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏天亮园林建设有限公司 | Tea tree and soybean intercropping method |
| CN107173026A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving high quality soybean yield |
| RU2770695C1 (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-04-21 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский ГАУ) | Method of growing soya for grain, mainly on irrigated lands |
-
2022
- 2022-06-08 CN CN202210646899.9A patent/CN114847112A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102986425A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-27 | 青岛农业大学 | Tea tree and soybean intercropping pattern |
| CN103609273A (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏天亮园林建设有限公司 | Tea tree and soybean intercropping method |
| CN107173026A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving high quality soybean yield |
| RU2770695C1 (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-04-21 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский ГАУ) | Method of growing soya for grain, mainly on irrigated lands |
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