CN1148385C - 氢化嵌段共聚物和由其生产的光盘 - Google Patents

氢化嵌段共聚物和由其生产的光盘 Download PDF

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CN1148385C
CN1148385C CNB008088101A CN00808810A CN1148385C CN 1148385 C CN1148385 C CN 1148385C CN B008088101 A CNB008088101 A CN B008088101A CN 00808810 A CN00808810 A CN 00808810A CN 1148385 C CN1148385 C CN 1148385C
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J��L�����ƶ���
J·L·翰菲尔德
�������ɭ
G·D·帕尔森斯
S·F·哈恩
M·A·琼斯
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

本发明涉及由乙烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃单体生产的氢化嵌段共聚物,该共聚物生产具有特别低双折射的光盘。

Description

氢化嵌段共聚物和由其生产的光盘
本发明涉及由乙烯基芳烃和共轭二烯烃单体生产的氢化嵌段共聚物。
乙烯基芳烃和丁二烯单体的氢化嵌段共聚物如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物是本领域公知的,并公开于US 3,333,024、3,431,323、3,598,886、5,352,744、3,644,588和EP-505,110中。此外,US4,911,966、US 5,178,926和JP 10-116442公开了由乙烯基环己烷共聚物制备的光盘基材。然而,在这些中请中,该共聚物可仅部分氢化,生产的光盘具有低抗冲击性和柔韧性、低热变形温度、高双折射和作为商用光盘不可接受的其它性能。双折射为由光通过其中的材料的折射率差确定的光学变形形式。双折射影响用于读取光盘的激光的相关系,导致光盘读数误差。在目前的光盘中,使用高流动材料如聚碳酸酯,同时光盘在使材料应力最小的条件下模塑。然而,双折射仍然接近成问题的程度。目前光盘市场的趋势涉及更高密度盘,这种盘不能允许现有技术的双折射程度。
因此,仍然需要透明聚合物和由其制备的具有改进的抗冲击性、柔韧性、热变形温度和极低双折射,或作为商用光盘的其它可接受性能的光盘。
本发明第一方面涉及氢化嵌段共聚物和由其生产的光盘。该氢化嵌段共聚物为硬质氢化嵌段共聚物,它包括至少两个不同的氢化的聚合乙烯基芳烃单体嵌段(这里称为氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段),和至少一个氢化的聚合共轭二烯烃单体嵌段(这里称为氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段),其中该氢化共聚物的进一步特征在于:
a)氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段与氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的重量比为40∶60或更低;
b)总数均分子量(Mnt)为30,000至150,000,其中各氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段(A)具有Mna6,000至60,000,各氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段(B)具有约120个单体单元或更低的聚合物长度;和
c)氢化程度应使各氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段具有氢化程度大于90%和各氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段具有氢化程度大于95%。
具有这些特性的氢化嵌段共聚物对可见波长的光透明并且非常适合用作光盘,同时在标准温度和高温下都具有优良的性能。这种透明性、高玻璃转化温度、低吸水性、韧性、优良的熔体加工性和令人吃惊的可以忽略的双折射的组合,使得这些材料成为用于光盘的理想候选物。
这些氢化嵌段共聚物通过将由乙烯基芳烃单体和共轭二烯烃单体生产的嵌段共聚物氢化而制备。
乙烯基芳烃单体通常为如下通式的单体:
Figure C0080881000081
其中R′为氢或烷基,Ar为苯基、卤代苯基、烷基苯基、烷卤苯基、萘基、吡啶基或蒽基,其中任一烷基含1至6个碳原子,它可被官能基团如卤素、硝基、氨基、羟基、氰基、羰基和羧基取代。Ar更优选为苯基或烷苯基,其中最优选苯基。典型的乙烯基芳烃单体包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的所有异构体,特别是对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯的所有异构体,丙基苯乙烯,丁基苯乙烯,乙烯基联苯,乙烯基萘,乙烯基蒽,和其混合物。该嵌段共聚物可含有一种以上的特定聚合乙烯基芳烃单体。换言之,该嵌段共聚物可含有聚苯乙烯嵌段和聚α-甲基苯乙烯嵌段。该氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段还可为乙烯基芳烃的共聚物,其中乙烯基芳烃部分至少为共聚物的50wt%。
共轭二烯烃单体可为具有2个共轭双键的任何单体。这些单体包括例如1,3-丁二烯、2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯、2-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、异戊二烯和类似化合物,及其混合物。该嵌段共聚物可含有一种以上的特定聚合共轭二烯单体。换言之,该五嵌段共聚物可含有聚丁二烯嵌段和聚异戊二烯嵌段。
聚丁二烯可含有氢化后得到1-丁烯重复单元等同物的1,2-构型,或氢化后得到乙烯重复单元等同物的1,4-构型。通常,聚丁二烯嵌段的1,2与1,4含量比为1∶15或更大。
这里将嵌段定义为共聚物的一个聚合物链段,该链段显示与共聚物的结构或组成不同的聚合物链段的微观相分离。微观相分离出现的原因在于嵌段共聚物内的聚合物链段不相容。嵌段链段分离可通过存在的不同玻璃转化温度检测。微观相分离和嵌段共聚物广泛描述于“Block copolymers-Designer Soft Materials” PHYSICS TODAY,February,1999,p32-38中。
硬质氢化嵌段共聚物定义为具有氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段与氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段重量比40∶60或至5∶95,优选35∶65至10∶90,更优选30∶70至15∶85,按氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段和氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的总重量计。氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段和氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段的总重量通常为氢化共聚物的至少80wt%,优选至少90,更优选至少95wt%。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物通过氢化包括三嵌段、多嵌段、递变嵌段和星型嵌段共聚物如SBS、SBSBS、SIS、SISIS和SISBS(其中S为聚苯乙烯,I为聚异戊二烯和B为聚丁二烯)的嵌段共聚物生产。该嵌段共聚物在各末端上含至少一个由乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段构成的三嵌段链段。然而,该嵌段共聚物可含有任何数量的另一些嵌段,其中这些嵌段可在任何点与三嵌段聚合物主链连接。因此,线性嵌段将包括例如SBS、SBSB、SBSBS和SBSBSB。该共聚物还可支化,其中聚合物链在沿共聚物主链的任何点连接。此外,上述嵌段共聚物的掺混物及嵌段物与它们氢化的均聚物的掺混物也可使用。换言之,氢化SBS嵌段共聚物可与氢化SBSBS嵌段共聚物和/或氢化聚苯乙烯均聚物掺混。应注意的是,在生产嵌段共聚物中还可生成少量残余二嵌段共聚物。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物的总数均分子量(Mnt)通常为24,000,优选30,000,更优选45,000,最优选50,000至150,000,通常至135,000,一般至115,000,优选至100,000,更优选至90,000,最优选至85,000。在整个说明书中提及的Mn通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定。获得的硬质氢化嵌段共聚物的分子量和性能取决于各氢化聚合物嵌段的分子量。
应注意,在氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物分子量低于氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物的缠结分子量下可获得良好性能。聚合物的缠结分子量与给定聚合物所需的链长度相关(因链缠结显示熔体粘度显著降低)。很多常规聚合物的缠结分子量已测量并记载于 Macromolecules,1994,Vol.27,p4639中。对于玻璃态聚合物,通常注意到在约10倍缠结分子量下获得最大强度和韧性值(例如,参见Encyclopedia of PolymerScience and Engineering,第2版,Vol.16,p62-71,1989中的Styrene Polymers)。缠结分子量对于聚乙烯基环己烷为约38,000。我们已确定,在氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段分子量(Mna)为氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物缠结分子量0.2至1.2倍时可获得性能与可加工性的最佳平衡。
氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的Mna通常为6,000,一般为8,000,优选10,000,更优选12,000和最优选15,000至60,000,优选至50,000,更优选至40,000,最优选至30,000。
氢化二烯烃聚合物嵌段通常为120个单体单元或更少,一般115个单体单元或更少,特征110个单体单元或更少,优选105个单体单元或更少,更优选95个单体单元或更少,进一步更优选90个单体单元或更少,最优选85个单体单元或更少。氢化二烯烃聚合物嵌段的嵌段长度是重要的,因为它令人吃惊地有助于明显降低共聚物的双折射。
重要的是,注意到本发明硬质氢化嵌段共聚物的各个嵌段可具有其本身独特的分子量。换言之,例如在氢化嵌段共聚物内的两个乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段各自可具有不同的分子量。
制备嵌段共聚物的方法是本领域公知的。通常,嵌段共聚物可通过阴离子聚合制备,其例子参见 Anionic Polymerization: Principles and Practical Applications,H.L.Hsieh and R.P.Quirk,Marcel Dekker,New York,1996。在一个实施方案中,嵌段共聚物通过将单体顺序加入碳阴离子引发剂如仲丁基锂或正丁基锂中制备。在另一实施方案中,该共聚物通过将三嵌段物质用二价偶联剂如1,2-二溴乙烷、二氯二甲基硅烷或苯甲酸苯基酯偶联制备。在该实施方案中,丁二烯聚合物短链(低于10个单体重复单元)可与乙烯基芳烃聚合物偶联末端反应,以有助于偶联反应。乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段通常难以偶联,因此,该工艺通常用于实现乙烯基芳烃聚合物末端偶联。该二烯烃聚合物短链不构成独特的嵌段,因为不会出现微观相分离。已证明可用于各种阴离子聚合的偶联剂和工艺描述于Hsiehand Quirk,Chapter 12,pgs 307-331中。在另一实施方案中,将双官能阴离子引发剂用于自嵌段体系中心引发聚合,其中后面加入的单体同等加成到正在生长的聚合物链的两个末端上。这种双官能引发剂的一个例子是用有机锂化合物处理的1,3-双(1-苯基乙烯基)苯,如US 4,200,718和4,196,154中描述的。
制备嵌段共聚物后,将该共聚物氢化以除去共聚物的共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段和乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段链段中的不饱和位。可使用任一氢化方法,这些方法通常包括使用载在无机载体上的金属催化剂,如载在BaSO4上的Pd(US 5,352,744)和载在硅藻土上的Ni(US-3,333,024)。此外,可溶性均相催化剂,如由2-乙基己酸的过渡金属盐和烷基锂的组合制备的那些催化剂,可用于使嵌段共聚物完全饱和,如描述于Die Makromolekulare Chemie,Vol.160,pp.291,1972中的。该嵌段共聚物氢化还可用氢气和非均相催化剂实现,如US5,352,744、US 5,612,422和US 5,645,253中描述的。这里描述的催化剂为由载在多孔二氧化硅载体上的金属微晶构成的非均相催化剂。特别适用于聚合物氢化的承载催化剂的二氧化硅的一个例子是具有表面积至少10m2/g的二氧化硅,该二氧化硅按使其含直径3000至6000埃的微孔的方式合成。然后将该二氧化硅用能够催化氢化聚合物的金属如镍、钴、铑、钌、钯、铂或其它VIII族金属、其混合物或合金浸渍。还可使用具有直径500至3,000埃的其它非均相催化剂。氢化芳烃聚合物的方法是本领域公知的,如由Hahn和Hucul描述于US5,700,878中的,其中芳烃聚合物通过将芳烃聚合物与氢化试剂在具有窄孔尺寸分布和大孔的二氧化硅载体金属催化剂存在下接触的方式氢化。
另外,氢化可在特征在于包括至少两种组分的混合物的混合氢化催化剂存在下进行。第一种组分包括可提高氢化速率的任一金属,包括镍、钴、铑、钌、钯、铂或其它VIII族金属、或其混合物。优选使用铑和/或钯。然而,已知铂为腈的不良氢化催化剂,因此,铂对于氢化腈共聚物不是优选的。用于混合氢化催化剂的第二种组分包括抑制VIII族金属暴露于极性材料中时减活化的促进剂,这里称为耐减活化组分。这些组分优选包括铼、钼、钨、钽或铌或其混合物。
耐减活化组分在混合催化剂中的量为至少显著抑制VIII族金属组分暴露于聚合物组合物中的极性不纯物下时减活化的量,这里称为减活化抑制量。VIII族金属组分的减活化可通过氢化反应速率明显降低证实。例如可对比在相同条件下在极性不纯物存在下的混合氢化催化剂与仅含VIII金属组分的催化剂,其中仅含VIII金属组分的催化剂显示氢化速度比混合氢化催化剂达到的速率低75%。
减活化抑制组分的量应使VIII金属组分与减活化抑制组分的比例为0.5∶1至10∶1,更优选1∶1至7∶1,最优选1∶1至5∶1。
混合催化剂可仅由这些组分构成,但优选该催化剂还包括其上沉积这些组分的载体。在一个实施方案中,将金属沉积到载体如二氧化硅、氧化铝或碳上。在一个更具体的实施方案中,使用具有窄孔尺寸分布和表面积大于10m2/g的二氧化硅载体。
载体的孔尺寸分布、孔体积和平均孔径可通过汞孔隙率测量法按照ASTM D-4284-83获得。
孔尺寸分布通常用汞孔隙率测量法测定。然而,该方法仅足够测量大于60埃的孔。因此,必须用另一方法测量低于60埃的孔。其中一种方法为根据ASTM D-4641-87的用于测量低于约600埃的孔径的氮气吸附法。因此,窄孔尺寸分布定义为要求孔体积的至少98%由具有孔径大于300埃的孔确定,并且通过用于测量低于300埃的氮气吸附法测量的孔体积低于由汞孔隙率测量法测定的总孔体积的2%。
表面积可按照ASTM D-3663-84测量。该表面积通常为10至100m2/g,优选15至90m2/g,最优选50至85m2/g。
用于混合催化剂的载体的合适平均孔径取决于要氢化的聚合物和其分子量(Mn)。对于具有较高分子量的聚合物优选使用较大平均孔径的载体。对于高分子量聚合物(例如Mn>200,000),典型的合适表面积可为15至25m2/g,合适的平均孔径为3,000至4000埃。对于较低分子量的聚合物(例如Mn<100,000),典型的合适表面积可为45至85m2/g,合适的平均孔径为300至700埃。
二氧化硅载体是优选的,可通过将硅酸钾与胶凝剂如甲酰胺在水中化合、聚合并浸提制备,例如参见US 4,112,032。然后将二氧化硅例如按照IIer,R.K., The Chemistry of Silica,John Wiley andSons,1979,pp.539-544中所述进行热水煅烧,该热水煅烧通常由加热二氧化硅构成,同时将用水饱和的气体在温度600℃至850℃下通过二氧化硅约2小时或更长。热水煅烧导致孔径分布变窄和平均孔直径增大。此外,该载体可通过IIer,R.K., The Chemistry of Silica,John Wiley and Sons,1979,pp.539-544中公开的方法制备。
载在二氧化硅上的催化剂可用US 5,110,779中描述的方法制备。可将合适的金属、金属组分、含金属的化合物或其混合物通过气相沉积、水或非水浸渍接着煅烧,升华或任何其它常规方法,如在Studiesin Surface Science and Catalysis,“Successful Design ofCatalysts”V.44,pg.146-158,1989 and Applied HeterogeneousCatalysis,pg 75-123,Institute Francais du PetrolePublications,1987中列举的那些方法,沉积到载体上。在浸渍方法中,含合适金属的化合物可为含如上所述的金属的任何化合物,该化合物可生产耐减活化的可用氢化催化剂。这些化合物可为盐、配位配合物、有机金属化合物或共价配合物。
通常,混合载体催化剂的总金属组分为0.1至10wt.%,按载在二氧化硅上的催化剂的总重量计。该量优选为2至8wt%,更优选0.5至5wt%,按催化剂的总重量计。
促进剂如含碱金属、碱土金属或镧系金属的化合物也可用于促进将金属组分分散到二氧化硅载体上或在反应期间稳定化,尽管使用它们不是优选的。
用于氢化方法的混合载体催化剂的量因其氢化催化剂的高活性,因此比常规不饱和聚合物氢化反应中所需的量小得多。通常,每克不饱和聚合物使用低于1g,优选低于0.1g,更优选低于0.05g的载体催化剂。使用的载体催化剂量取决于方法的类型(无论该方法是否为连续、半连续或是间歇法),和方法条件如温度、压力和反应时间,其中典型的反应时间可为5分钟至5小时。连续操作通常相对于200,000或更多份不饱和聚合物可含有1重量份载体催化剂,因为该载体催化剂在连续操作中可反复使用多次。典型的间歇方法对于5000份不饱和聚合物可使用1重量份载体催化剂。较高的温度和压力还可使用更少量的载体催化剂。
氢化反应可在无溶剂下进行,优选在可溶解该聚合物并且不阻碍该氢化反应的烃溶剂中进行。溶剂优选为饱和溶剂如环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、环辛烷、环庚烷、十二烷、二噁烷、二甘醇二甲基醚、四氢呋喃、异戊烷、十氢萘或其混合物,其中最优选环己烷。
进行氢化的温度可为出现氢化但聚合物不明显降解时的任何温度。聚合物降解可通过在氢化后Mn降低、多分散度升高或玻璃转化温度降低检测。具有多分散度1.0至1.2的聚合物明显降解可定义为氢化后多分散度升高30%或更高。聚合物降解优选应为这样的程度,即在氢化后发生多分散度升高低于20%,最优选低于10%。在具有多分散度大于约1.2的聚合物中,氢化后分子量明显降低说明已发生降解。在此情况下的明显降解定义为Mn降低20%或更大。氢化后Mn降低将低于10%。然而,更趋于聚合物降解的聚合物如聚-α-甲基苯乙烯或其它α取代乙烯基芳烃聚合物可允许Mn降低至多30%,
典型的氢化温度为40℃,优选100℃,更优选110℃,最优选120℃至250℃,优选至200℃,更优选至180℃,最优选至170℃。
氢化反应的压力并不重要,尽管氢化速率随压力升高而加快。典型的压力为大气压至70MPa,优选0.7至10.3MPa。
将氢化反应容器用惰性气体纯化,以从反应区除去氧气。惰性气体包括但不限于氮气、氦和氩气,其中氮气是优选的。
氢化试剂可为有效氢化不饱和化合物的产生氢气的化合物。氢化试剂包括但不限于氢气、肼和硼氢化钠。在优选的实施方案中,氢化试剂为氢气。
本发明嵌段共聚物的氢化程度通常为大于95%的丁二烯聚合物嵌段和大于90%的乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段链段,一般大于99%的丁二烯聚合物嵌段和大于95%的乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段链段,优选大于99.5%的丁二烯聚合物嵌段和大于97%的乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段链段,更优选大于99.9%的共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段和大于98.5%的乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段链段,进一步更优选大于99%的乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段链段。术语“氢化程度”是指氢化后变饱和的原不饱和双键的百分比。氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物中的氢化程度用UV-VIS光谱测定,而氢化丁二烯聚合物中的氢化程度用质子NMR测定。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物可用于生产光介质贮存器件如光盘、快擦写存储卡、集成电路卡、智能卡和其它介质或信息载体基材。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物特别适用于生产光储存器件和其部件。光储存介质部件包括透明基材、保护层、保护壳体或信息层,它们中任何一种都可包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物。使用这些器件的储存介质格式的例子包括CD和DVD格式(光记录介质)的预记录、可记录和可重写的版本,如US 4,965,114和US 5,234,792中公开的那些,它们都是本领域公知的并描述于 The Compact Disc Handbook(第二版,Pohlmann编著)中。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物可用于生产CD(压缩盘)和DVD(数字通用盘)预记录格式的携带信息的透明基材,如US5,635,114中公开的。对于CD格式的情况,将透明基材用反射金属层(例如铝),接着用保护涂层(例如UV可固化漆)涂布。DVD结构包括例如含本发明嵌段共聚物的两层携带信息的基材,将该基材用铝反射层,或金或硅半反射层溅射。将各基材粘结在一起形成具有总厚度等于CD介质器件的厚度的双层盘。为生产高密度预记录DVD格式,将标记(stamper)***具有磁道间距0.4至0.5的模子中,以获得数据密度10至20Gb。高密度开发格式还可使用由不含数据的基材层支撑的携带数据的薄薄膜层,在每一情况下其中一层或两层介质层可由本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物生产。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物还可用于生产用于可记录光盘格式的带有摆动螺旋凹槽的基材。将该基材通常用吸光染料层,然后用反射层涂布。反射层的例子包括金或银。在记录过程期间,染料自激光束记录器吸收热。基材、染料和反射层复合结构因热而变形,由此形成永久凹坑。信号强度通过染料的光学变化增强。双层DVD格式介质与CD格式的不同之处在于,两层含凹槽的基材粘结在一起形成信息贮存于该两层上的单一光学储存器件。
在一个具体的实施方案中,本发明一方面为预记录或可记录光盘,包括:
(a′)第一基材层;
(b′)非必要的第一光敏染料层;
(c′)至少一组如下两个反射或半反射次层:
(i′)包括金属、无机碳化物或无机氮化物的第一次层;
(ii′)包括保护或粘结组合物的第二次层;
(d′)非必要的包括金属、无机碳化物或无机氮化物的第二金属/无机层;
(e′)非必要的第二光敏染料层;
(f′)非必要的第二基材层;
其中第一基材层或非必要的第二基材层中至少一层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物组合物。
合适的光敏染料层包括含氮光敏化合物,如花青、酞菁染料和偶氮化合物。通常,光敏染料层为至少1微米,优选至少10微米;通常不超过100微米,优选不超过75微米。
合适的反射或半反射层和次层包括元素铝、银或金。其它合适的反射或半反射次层包括硅化合物如氮化硅和碳化硅。通常反射或半反射层或次层厚度为至少5纳米,优选至少10纳米;通常不超过100纳米,优选不超过30纳米。金属层可通过本领域公知的阴极溅射技术涂布。
合适的保护组合物包括例如光固化丙烯酸酯(如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、环氧丙烯酸酯)。合适的漆包括例如导致漆自由基固化或阳离子UV固化的光引发剂。
合适的粘结剂组合物包括热熔或溶剂基粘结剂。这些粘结剂通常包括聚合物组分(例如聚乙烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(包括已沿主链氢化的嵌段共聚物如SBS、SEBS、SPS、SEPS和SIS)、无定形聚烯烃等),与一种或多种选自石蜡、增粘剂、增塑剂和填料的另外的组分并用。例如,该聚合物组分可非必要地官能化以促进相邻组分之间的连接。
在一个具体的实施方案中,本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物用于生产预记录声音压缩盘(CD-audio)。关于压缩盘***的说明是本领域公知的,并描述于 The Compact Disc Handbook(第二版,Pohlmann编著)中。该盘的直径为120mm,孔径为15mm,厚度为1.2mm。将数据记录在35.5mm宽的区域上。CD基材包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物并且是透明的。数据以物理方式含于沿其上表面刻印的凹坑内并用极薄(50至100纳米)的金属如铝、银或金覆盖。用另一10至30微米的薄塑料层保护金属化的凹坑表面(其上印有识别标记)。
本发明的一个具体实施方案为预记录CD,它包括:
(a1)基材层;
(b1)金属层,其中金属优选选自铝、银或金;和
(c1)漆层;
其中基材包括本发明第一方面的组合物。
在另一实施方案中,光盘CD为CD-R(可记录的),它包括:
(a2)基材;
(b2)光敏染料层;
(c2)反射或半反射金属层;和
(d2)漆层;
基材、染料层、金属和漆为上面描述的。
在另一实施方案中,光盘为DVD,如DVD-5光盘,它包括:
(a3)第一基材层;
(b3)金属层,优选选自金和银;
(c3)漆层;和
(d3)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物组合物。
在另一实施方案中,光盘为DVD-9光盘,它包括:
(a4)第一基材层;
(b4)无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,优选选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;
(c4)漆层;
(d4)金属层,通常为铝或其合金;和
(e4)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物组合物。
在另一实施方案中,光盘为DVD-14光盘,它包括:
(a5)第一基材层;
(b5)无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,优选选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;
(c5)漆层;
(d5)至少一组如下两个次层:
(i5)包括金属、无机碳化物或无机氮化物的第一次层,优选在每一情况下为金属,更优选在每一情况下为铝或金;
(ii5)包括保护漆或粘结组合物的第二次层;和
(e5)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物组合物。
在另一实施方案中,光盘为DVD-18光盘,它包括:
(a6)第一基材层;
(b6)第一无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,优选选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;
(c6)漆层;
(d5)至少一组如下两个次层:
(i6)包括金属、无机碳化物或无机氮化物的第一次层,优选在每一情况下为金属,更优选在每一情况下为铝或金;
(ii6)包括保护漆或粘结组合物的第二次层;
(e6)第二无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,优选选自碳化硅和氮化硅,和
(f6)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物组合物。
这里所述的金属层、漆和无机物为上面描述的。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物也可用于生产其它CD格式,包括CD-ROM、CD-I、DVI、CD-V、DVI、CD-V、CD+G/M、小盘和CD-3。CD-ROM(只读记忆)包括非声音数据如数据库和软件数据。CD-I(交互)和DVI为CD-ROM的具体应用,其中数据储存包括以用户-交互方式储存的视听信息。DVI(数字影像交互)为能够通过CD-ROM驱动器再现全动作(full-motion)、全屏影像、计算机生成影像图和数字声音的完全数字光盘格式。CD-V为将声音和激光视觉影像格式合并的声音和视听技术的组合。可由本发明组合物生产的其它CD格式包括CD+G/M(图形),它为用于图形和非音乐数据的储存盘。这种格式利用数据区域的优点,其中静止的图象、文章或其它材料储存于声音压缩盘上并在电视监视器显示,同时播放音乐。另一种格式为用于需要更短的播放时间的应用中的CD3。该数据格式与标准12cm直径CD相同,但其直径仅为8cm,并且还可用于CD-ROM应用中。还可由本发明组合物生产照片CD和CDTV。CDTV,与CD-I类似,使用压缩盘标准作为包括图象、图形、文章和动画的视听多媒体表示的基础。
本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物还可用作具有一层或多层的可再写/可消除盘的透明基材和/或保护层。在此情况下,将记录层夹在例如包括本发明氢化嵌段共聚物的透明基材与保护层之间。记录层通常为约50nm厚。记录层包括磁光和相变层。对于磁光格式,可将包括稀土过渡金属如钆铽铁、铽铁钴和铽铁的磁性材料用于记录层。
在一个实施方案中,可再写/可擦除盘包括:
(a7)基材;
(b7)可记录金属层;和
(c7)保护层,
其中基材包括本发明第一方面的组合物。
特别地,本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物可用于可再写/可擦光盘中,该光盘包括:
(a8)第一基材层;
(b8)第一无机层;
(c8)金属合金层;
(d8)第二无机层;
(e8)金属层;
(f8)漆层;和
(g8)非必要地,非必要的第二金属层、非必要的第三和/或第四无机层和非必要的第二金属合金层中的一层或多层,及非必要的第二基材层,
其中第一基材层和非必要的第二基材层中至少一层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物。
在另一具体实施方案中,还可由本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物生产可再写/可擦CD格式。在一个实施方案中,可再写/可擦CD包括:
(a8′)基材层;
(b8′)阻挡层;
(c8′)磁光或相变层;
(d8′)阻挡层;
(e8′)反射或半反射金属层;
(f8′)漆层。
基材包括本发明的组合物。阻挡层通常为用于磁光的氮化锡或用于相变盘的ZnS-SiO2。磁光层为例如TbFeCo,相变层为例如TeGeSb合金。反射或半反射层为如上所述的,优选铝合金。漆通常为如上所述的可光固化丙烯酸类。
可再写且可擦的DVD格式包括DVD-RAM(随机存取存储器)、DVD-RW(可再写)和DVD-R/W(可再写)格式,它们都基于相变技术。相变技术采用低反射无定形或高反射晶体态的反射差。活性相变层被两个介电膜(ZnS-SiO2)围绕并被合金反射物和保护涂层覆盖。相变层的反射差通过用激光束加热该层实现,由此变为数据存储表面。
此外,本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物可用于生产小盘。该小盘为2.5英寸的可记录、可擦光盘格式,它储存74分钟的立体数字声音。小盘和其制备方法是本领域熟练技术人员公知的。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物用于生产数字商业卡,该卡包括:
(a9)基材层,
(b9)覆盖至少部分第一基材层的第一金属层,和
(c9)漆层,
其中,基材层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物。金属层和漆层可为如上所述的在本发明说明书中教导的物质。这些卡通常为具有厚度约1.2mm的标准商业卡的尺寸,并包含40至50兆字节信息。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物用于生产薄薄膜盘,如US4,356,066和4,880,514(这里作为参考引入)以及EP-892,393中公开的。US4,356,066公开了包括在含铝基材上的合成树脂层和覆盖磁层的多层磁性薄薄膜盘。在本发明的一个实施方案中,生产一种薄薄膜盘,该盘包括:
(a10)基材层,
(b10)合成树脂层
(c10)可用作金属磁性层的至少一薄金属层,和
(d10)非必要的金属磁性层,如不包括在c9)中。
其中,基材或合成树脂层包括本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物。
本发明另一实施方案涉及薄薄膜磁性记录单元,如US4,880,514中公开的。本发明的薄薄膜磁性记录单元包括:
(a11)基材层,
(b11)金属层,如铬;
(c11)金属合金记录层,
其中,基材层包括本发明第一方面的氢化嵌段共聚物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的氢化嵌段共聚物用于生产例如US6,025,054和US 5,955,021中公开的智能卡。这些智能卡为其尺寸为含IC(集成电路)芯片的常规***尺寸的小卡,并用作银行卡、ID卡和电话卡。它们基于在智能卡的电子部件与卡读机或其它接受装置之间使用电磁耦合(通过物理接触或电磁波)。这些卡通常通过以交错重叠方式组装数层塑料片的方式制备。通常,智能卡包括:
(a12)第一基材层;
(b12)第二基材层;和
(c12)包括热固性聚合物材料的具有其中埋入的电子部件的中心或芯层,所述电子部件夹持于第一与第二基材层之间;
其中所有三层通过用于形成芯层的热固性聚合物材料与其外面的形成第一和第二基材层的材料之间的粘结作用而成为一个整体,且其中基材层包括本发明第一方面的氢化嵌段共聚物。此外,该智能卡可包括:
(a13)具有压痕的基材层,
(b13)保留在压痕内的包括信息的微芯片,
其中基材层包括本发明的嵌段共聚物。
制备光盘的方法是本领域公知的并描述于 The Compact Disc Handbook(第二版,Pohlmann编著),以及US 4,911,966、US5,635,114、US 5,468,324和US5,663,016中。
本发明的高数据密度光盘具有迟延25nm/0.6mm基材(双折射低于0.000042),和吸水率低于0.05%(根据ASTM D 570)。双折射延长通过将模塑DVD盘基材放置于交叉偏振器与四分之一板(反向取向)之间测量。延迟用来自633nm激光自盘注入门20mm测量。测量透射强度并用如下公式计算延迟:
          I=IOsin2((π/λ))
其中延迟=And
                       测量的强度=I
                       入射强度=IO
                       波长=λ
双折射由测量的延迟通过将该延迟除以基材厚度测量。对于0.6mm厚的盘延迟优选低于20nm,更优选低于15nm,最优选低于10nm。吸水率优选低于0.04%,更优选低于0.02%,最优选低于0.01%。
提供如下实施例说明本发明。这些实施例不用于限制本发明范围,且它们不应被如此解释。量按重量份或重量百分比计算,除非另有说明。
实施例
氢化苯乙烯丁二烯嵌段共聚物
氢化反应用在环己烷/异戊烷(80/15)中的15wt%表1所述的具体嵌段共聚物进行。在氢化前将溶液脱气并通过活性氧化铝柱子以除去稳定剂和不纯物。氢化在装有气体分散搅拌器的高压反应器中进行。在反应器中加入聚合物溶液,接着加入USP5,612,422中所述的5%Pt/二氧化硅催化剂。将该反应器密封,用氮气纯化,最后用氢气加压至压力1200psig(82.74巴)。然后将反应器加热至170℃,加热约1小时。将压力慢慢释放并从反应器中排出聚合物。将1000ppm受阻酚热稳定剂(IrganoxTM 1010)加入聚合物溶液中。通过在加热和真空下从聚合物溶液中脱去溶剂,回收氢化嵌段共聚物。
所有实施例和比较例中的聚苯乙烯嵌段的氢化程度通过紫外吸收测量大于99%。
用具有最大合模力600KN、最大注射行程能力100mm和注射螺杆直径32mm的注射/压塑机,由该氢化嵌段共聚物注射压塑DVD基材。基材模具为DVD单腔基材模具。DVD基材具有直径120mm和厚度0.6mm。加工温度为熔体温度290至330℃、模温40至80℃。注射速度为25mm/s至200mm/s,随模具填充而升高。填满时,通过施加初始保持压力约300巴,然后在0.8sec内降至0巴,将该部件用聚合物进一步填充。该聚合物的注射量为约13.5mm,以达到具有实际部件厚度0.6mm的全充满部件。当约85%的聚合物注射量已注射入模腔中时通过对注射模具施加55-65%的合模力,完成压缩阶段。压缩之前,模腔厚度通常为1.0至1.2mm。包括取出部件的工艺的总循环时间为5至10秒。
按如上所述测量延迟。通过将测量的延迟除以基材厚度计算双折射。结果在表I中给出:
表I
样品     %PS     %PBd     Mn     %1,2- 延迟(nm)     DPPBd
1 penta     80%     20%     60K     8%     40     110
2 penta     85%     15%     60K     8%     5     83
比较例:
3 penta     75%     25%     60K     8%     123     140
4 tri     75%     25%     40K     8%     346     185
5 tri     75%     25%     50K     8%     446     230
PS=聚苯乙烯
PBd=聚丁二烯
%1,2=聚丁二烯的1,2含量百分比
DP=聚合度或单体单元
penta=苯乙烯与丁二烯的氢化五嵌段共聚物
tri=苯乙烯与丁二烯的氢化三嵌段
在具有聚丁二烯长度低于120个单体单元的实施例中延迟明显降低,因此双折射也明显降低。
CD实施例
用具有最大合模力600KN、最大注射行程能力100mm和注射螺杆直径32mm的注射/压塑机,由样品1的氢化嵌段共聚物注塑CD基材。基材模具为CD单腔基材模具。将数据携带标记(stamper)***模具中,该数据携带标记包含约0.6Gb数据和约1.6微米磁道间距。加工温度为熔体温度290至330℃、模温30至80℃。注射速度为25mm/s至125mm/s,随模具填充而升高。填满时,通过施加初始保持压力约600巴,然后在0.3sec内降至0巴,将该部件用聚合物进一步填充。该聚合物的注射量为约30mm,以达到具有实际部件厚度1.2mm的全充满部件。包括取出部件的工艺的总循环时间为3至10秒。CD基材具有直径120mm和厚度1.2mm。
将该CD基材进行惰性气体等离体溅射,由此沉积反射铝层,接着涂布UV可固化漆保护层。
类似地,用合适形状的数据标记在模具中生产数字商业卡。
DVD实施例
用具有最大合模力600KN、最大注射行程能力100mm和注射螺杆直径32mm的注射/压塑机,由样品1的氢化嵌段共聚物注塑DVD基材。基材模具为DVD单腔基材模具。用***模具中的数据携带标记制备DVD5和DVD9光盘,该数据携带标记包含约4.7Gb数据和约0.74微米磁道间距。加工温度为熔体温度290至330℃、模温40至80℃。注射速度为25mm/s至200mm/s,随模具填充而升高。填满时,通过施加初始保持压力约300巴,然后在0.8sec内降至0巴,将该部件用聚合物进一步填充。该聚合物的注射量为约13.5mm,以达到具有实际部件厚度0.6mm的全充满部件。当约85%的聚合物注射量已注射入模腔中时通过对注射模具施加55-65%的合模力,完成压缩阶段。压缩之前,模腔厚度通常为1.0至1.2mm。包括取出部件的工艺的总循环时间为5至10秒。DVD基材具有直径120mm和厚度1.2mm。
模塑后,将DVD基材用铝反射层溅射,将两个独立基材粘结在一起形成双层DVD9盘。
类似地,为生产高密度预记录DVD格式,将标记***具有磁道间距0.4至0.5的模具中,以达到数据密度10至20Gb。可记录DVD和CD格式
除如下不同外按与预记录格式类似的方式制备CD和DVD格式的可记录版本。该标记产生凹坑与凹槽组合的螺旋凹槽,而不是包含数据的凹坑。然后将该基材用阻挡层涂布,接着用磁光层或相变合金层涂布。在涂布反射层后涂布另一阻挡层,最后涂布保护漆层。
对于DVD可记录格式,使用的两层数据层具有用作一层数据层的金半反射层和用作另一数据层的铝反射层。

Claims (27)

1.一种包括氢化嵌段共聚物的组合物,其中氢化嵌段共聚物包括至少两个不同的氢化的聚合乙烯基芳烃单体嵌段,这里称为氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段,和至少一个氢化的聚合共轭二烯烃单体嵌段,这里称为氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段,其中该氢化嵌段共聚物的进一步特征在于:
a)氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段与氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的重量比为40∶60至5∶95;
b)总数均分子量Mnt为30,000至150,000,其中各氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段(A)具有Mna6,000至60,000,各氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段(B)具有120个单体单元或更低的聚合物长度;和
C)氢化程度应使各氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段具有氢化程度大于90%和各氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段具有氢化程度大于95%。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中乙烯基芳烃单体为苯乙烯。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的Mna为8,000至40,000。
4.权利要求3的组合物,其中氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的Mna为10,000至30,000。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中氢化乙烯基芳烃聚合物嵌段的Mna为12,000至30,000。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段具有聚合物长度110个单体单元或更少。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段具有聚合物长度100个单体单元或更少。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中氢化共轭二烯烃聚合物嵌段具有聚合物长度90个单体单元或更少。
9.一种光盘,由权利要求1的组合物生产。
10.权利要求9的光盘,其为可记录或可预记录光盘。
11.权利要求10的可记录或可预记录光盘,它包括:
a′)第一基材层;
(b′)非必要的第一光敏染料层;
(c′)至少一组如下两个次层:
(i′)包括选自金、银、铝或其合金的金属的第一次层;
(ii′)包括漆的第二次层;
(d′)非必要第二次层;
(e′)非必要的第二光敏染料层;
(f′)非必要的第二基材层;
其中第一基材层或非必要的第二基材层中至少一层包括权利要求1的组合物。
12.权利要求11的光盘,其为预记录压缩盘,它包括:
(a1)基材层;
(b1)金属层,其中金属选自铝、银、金或其合金;和
(c1)漆层;
其中基材包括权利要求1的组合物。
13.权利要求11的光盘,其为CD-R,它包括:
(a2)基材;
(b2)光敏染料层;
(c2)反射或半反射金属层;和
(d2)漆层;
其中基材包括权利要求1的组合物。
14.权利要求9的光盘,其为数字通用盘DVD。
15.权利要求14的DVD,其为DVD-5盘,它包括:
(a3)第一基材层;
(b3)金属层,选自金、铝、银和其合金;
(c3)漆层;和
(d3)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括权利要求1的组合物。
16.权利要求14的DVD,其为DVD-9盘,它包括:
(a4)第一基材层;
(b4)无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;
(c4)漆层;
(d4)金属层;和
(e4)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括权利要求1的组合物。
17.权利要求14的DVD,其为DVD-14盘,它包括:
(a5)第一基材层;
(b5)无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;
(c5)漆层;
(d5)至少一组如下两个次层:
(i5)包括金属、无机碳化物或无机氮化物的第一次层;
(ii5)包括保护漆或粘结组合物的第二次层;
(e5)金属层;和
(f5)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层和第二基材层中至少一层包括权利要求1的组合物。
18.权利要求14的DVD,其为DVD-18盘,它包括:
(a6)第一基材层;
(b6)第一无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;
(c6)漆层;
(d5)至少一组如下两个次层:
(i6)包括金属、无机碳化物或无机氮化物的第一次层;
(ii6)包括保护漆或粘结组合物的第二次层;
(e6)第二无机碳化物或无机氮化物层,选自碳化硅和氮化硅,或金层;和
(f6)第二基材层,
其中第一基材层或第二基材层中至少一层包括权利要求1的组合物。
19.权利要求10的光盘,其为CD-ROM、CD-I、CD-V、CD-R、CD+G/M、CD-3、照片CD或CDTV。
20.权利要求9的光盘,其为可再写/可擦除盘,它包括:
(a7)基材;
(b7)可记录金属层;和
(c7)保护层,
其中基材包括权利要求1的组合物。
21.一种可再写/可擦光盘,它包括:
(a8)第一基材层;
(b8)第一无机层;
(c8)金属合金层;
(d8)第二无机层;
(e8)金属层;
(f8)漆层;和
(g8)非必要地,非必要的第二金属层、非必要的第三和/或第四无机层和非必要的第二金属合金层中的一层或多层,及非必要的第二基材层,
其中第一基材层和非必要的第二基材层中至少一层包括权利要求1的组合物。
22.一种可再写/可擦CD,它包括:
(a8′)基材层;
(b8′)阻挡层;
(c8′)磁光或相变层;
(d8′)阻挡层;
(e8′)反射或半反射金属层;
(f8′)漆层;
其中基材层包括权利要求1的组合物。
23.权利要求9的光盘,其中该盘为小盘。
24.权利要求9的光盘,其中该盘为薄薄膜盘,它包括:
(a10)基材层,
(b10)合成树脂层
(c10)也可用作金属磁性层的至少一薄金属层,和
(d10)非必要的金属磁性层,如不包括在c9)中。
其中,基材或合成树脂层包括权利要求1的组合物。
25.权利要求9的光盘,其中该盘为薄薄膜盘,它包括:
(a11)基材层,
(b11)金属层;和
(c11)金属合金记录层,
其中,基材层包括权利要求1的组合物。
26.一种数字商业卡,它包括:
(a9)基材层,
(b9)覆盖至少一部分第一基材层的第一金属层,和
(c9)漆层,
27.一种智能卡,它包括:
(a12)第一基材层;
(b12)第二基材层;和
(c12)包括热固性聚合物材料的具有其中埋入的电子部件的中心或芯层,所述电子部件夹持于第一与第二基材层之间;
其中基材层包括权利要求1的组合物;或:
(a13)具有压痕的包括权利要求1的组合物的基材层,和
(b13)保留在压痕内的包括信息的微芯片。
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ATE267217T1 (de) 2004-06-15
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WO2000077054A1 (en) 2000-12-21
US6350820B1 (en) 2002-02-26
DE60010888D1 (de) 2004-06-24
AU5008800A (en) 2001-01-02
EP1196458B1 (en) 2004-05-19
EP1196458A1 (en) 2002-04-17
CN1355815A (zh) 2002-06-26

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