CN114788441B - Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone Download PDFInfo
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- CN114788441B CN114788441B CN202210278101.XA CN202210278101A CN114788441B CN 114788441 B CN114788441 B CN 114788441B CN 202210278101 A CN202210278101 A CN 202210278101A CN 114788441 B CN114788441 B CN 114788441B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control of water and soil loss and effective utilization method of runoff in a sandstone earthing zone, which comprises the following steps: (1) The slope is treated by adopting a blocking mode of combining a closure transverse ditch with a longitudinal ditch direction: digging a interception cross ditch along a contour line, digging longitudinal ditches at two ends of the interception cross ditch, digging the longitudinal ditches downwards along a slope from the highest position of the slope top every 5m along the left-right direction of the interception cross ditch, and connecting each interception cross ditch in series to form a trapezoid ditch net; (2) Three-dimensional cultivation, namely excavating fish scale pits in each interception cross ditch, wherein the fish scale pits in two adjacent interception cross ditches are of a delta-shaped structure, planting peaches, apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice in the fish scale pits in the interception cross ditches at the tops of the slopes, sequentially planting caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn downwards along the contour lines, and realizing grass restoration between ditches in a sealing mode; (3) Grass seeds are sown in the intercepting transverse ditches, the longitudinal ditches and the fish scale pits at the bottom of 10 months every year in the middle and last ten days of 4 months every year: simultaneously sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, sand and herba Bingpang between the mixed shrubs before and after rainfall; (4) The water collecting device is arranged at the outlet of the converging path at the slope top, the water outlet pipe is connected with the drip irrigation belt through the three-way joint, and water is supplied to plants growing on the downhill surface in a drip irrigation mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil loss prevention and control, and particularly relates to a comprehensive water and soil loss prevention and control and runoff effective utilization method for a sandstone earthing region.
Background
The arsenical sandstone area located in the yellow river basin, the erdos plateau is a key zone and an important energy economic zone of the northern ecological barrier in China. However, the arsenic sandstone texture soil has coarse particles and loose structure, the vegetation is sparse, the water and soil loss during the process of the heavy rain remittance is extremely serious, a large amount of coarse sediment enters the yellow river, and the arsenic sandstone texture soil becomes a great problem for constructing an ecological safety barrier of the yellow river basin and guaranteeing the economic and social high-quality development of the region.
The method is divided into earthing areas according to the soil characteristics, namely a layer of loess is covered on the surface of the sandstone, that is to say, the sandstone is buried under various loess landforms; the sand covering area is that a layer of sand wind is covered on the surface of the sandstone, that is to say, the sandstone is buried under the sand wind; the bare area is an area where the surface of the sandstone is basically not covered by loess and sand wind or extremely thin. The rainfall and the storm in the area are concentrated and strong, and the water flow loss is serious.
The soil covering area has severe erosion of the tops of the hills, the ravines are crisscross, the ravines have large density and reach 3-6 km/km 2 The average erosion modulus reaches 1.5 ten thousand t/km 2 Mainly water erosion, wind erosion, freeze thawing erosion and gravity erosion are alternately generated. The main problem of the slope top of the earthing area is serious erosion caused by runoff scouring and difficult water resource utilization. Solves the erosion of water flow scouring at the top of the slope of the earthing regionSerious and low water resource utilization efficiency becomes a serious issue in the ecological environment management of the plateau region of the yellow river.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss in a sandstone earthing region, which not only can effectively improve vegetation coverage, but also comprehensively blocks and utilizes water resources intercepted between ditches in ditches, simultaneously greatly reduces soil erosion and runoff loss at the top of a slope, and simultaneously, can effectively improve the income of local peasants by interplanting economic forest fruits, interplanting Chinese herbal medicine plants such as liquorice and the like.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a sandstone earthing region comprises the following steps:
(1) Treatment of slope
Adopts a blocking mode of combining a interception transverse ditch with a longitudinal ditch direction: digging a interception cross ditch along a contour line, digging longitudinal ditches at two ends of the interception cross ditch, digging the longitudinal ditches downwards along a slope from the highest position of the slope top every 5m along the left-right direction of the interception cross ditch, and connecting each interception cross ditch in series to form a trapezoid ditch net;
shutoff transverse ditch and longitudinal ditch specification: the ditch spacing is 5m, the ditch opening is 100cm wide, the ditch depth is 30cm, shrubs such as caragana microphylla, sea buckthorn and the like are planted among the ditches, grass seeds are sown in the ditch net, the sowing time is the last 10 months of each year in the middle and the last ten days of 4 months of each year; simultaneously sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, sand and herba Bingpang between the mixed shrubs before and after rainfall;
(2) Three-dimensional cultivation
Digging fish scale pits in each interception cross ditch, wherein the fish scale pits in two adjacent interception cross ditches are of a delta-shaped structure, planting peaches, apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice in the fish scale pits in the interception cross ditches at the tops of the slopes, planting caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn in sequence downwards along the contour lines, and realizing grass restoration between ditches in a sealing and forbidden mode;
(3) Grass seeds are sown in the intercepting transverse ditches, the longitudinal ditches and the fish scale pits at the bottom of 10 months every year in the middle and last ten days of 4 months every year: simultaneously sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, sand and herba Bingpang between the mixed shrubs before and after rainfall;
(4) The water collecting device is arranged at the outlet of the converging path at the slope top, the water outlet pipe is connected with the drip irrigation belt through the three-way joint, and water is supplied to plants growing on the downhill surface in a drip irrigation mode.
Preferably, in the upward slope treatment process, every 5-10 fish scale pits are connected in parallel to one side of the intercepting transverse ditch to excavate the intercepting transverse ditch, a diamond-shaped shunting structure is formed between every two adjacent intercepting transverse ditches, and arbor and shrub plants are planted in the shunting ditches.
Preferably, the water collecting device is arranged at the position of the diversion trench head, the water collecting device comprises a water collecting barrel body, a water collecting port is arranged at the upper end of the water collecting barrel body, the water collecting port is communicated with a water collecting cavity in the water collecting barrel body, an outer barrel is further arranged on the outer side of the water collecting barrel body along the circumferential direction of the water collecting barrel body, the bottom of the outer barrel is an inclined plane, a plurality of layers of mud-blocking plates are arranged on the inclined plane along the circumferential direction of the outer barrel, an inflow hole is further formed in the outer wall of the water collecting barrel body along the circumferential direction of the inclined plane, the inflow hole is formed in the upper part of the bottom of the outer barrel body, a first filter screen is arranged in the inflow hole, a second filter screen is arranged in the water collecting barrel body, a water outlet is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the water collecting barrel body, and the water outlet is connected with a water outlet pipe.
Preferably, the bottom of the second filter screen is provided with a central column, the bottom of the central column is connected with a bottom cover, and the bottom cover is in threaded connection with the bottom of the collecting barrel body.
Preferably, the upper end of the mud guard is inclined towards the direction of the outer cylinder.
Preferably, the inner barrel is further arranged in the collecting barrel body, the upper end of the inner barrel is located at the collecting port, the outer wall of the inner barrel is attached to the inner wall of the collecting port, a shielding film is arranged at the upper end of the inner barrel, the center of the shielding film is sunken towards the collecting port, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the outer wall of the inner barrel along the circumferential direction of the inner wall, an outer edge is formed in the outer wall of the bottom of the inner barrel along the circumferential direction of the outer wall, a guide groove is formed in the outer edge, a guide raised strip matched with the guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the collecting port, and a retainer ring is arranged at the lower end of the guide raised strip.
Preferably, the center of the retainer ring is provided with a second disc, the inner wall of the retainer ring is connected with the outer wall of the second disc through a second connecting rod, the bottom of the shielding film is provided with a horizontal plate, and the horizontal plate is connected with the second disc through a jacking column.
Preferably, a first disc is arranged at the center of the inner part of the inner cylinder, the first disc is connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder through a first connecting rod, the first disc is positioned at the upper end of the filter screen, a compression spring is arranged between the first disc and the second disc, the compression spring is sleeved outside the jacking column, one end of the compression spring is connected with the bottom of the first disc, and the other end of the compression spring is connected with the upper end of the second disc.
Preferably, a plurality of equally-spaced overflow holes are further formed in the inner wall of the collecting cavity along the circumferential direction of the collecting cavity, the collecting cavity is communicated with the outer cylinder through the overflow holes, and the overflow holes are located between the bottom of the collecting cavity and the retainer ring.
Preferably, the shielding film adopts an elastic steel sheet, the ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is downwards bent along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder, a plurality of elastic steel hooks are arranged on the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet along the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the bending section, and hook grooves matched with the elastic steel hooks are formed in the outer wall of the inner cylinder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the vertical and horizontal ditch net runoff blocking utilization technology of the intercepting transverse ditches, the longitudinal ditches and the diversion ditches, has limited intercepting capacity of preventing single ditches, plays a role of cooperative intercepting of a plurality of ditches, simultaneously utilizes the characteristic of high flood control capacity of the ditch net, utilizes the longitudinal ditches to connect each transverse ditch in series, simultaneously digs the longitudinal ditches along the two ends of each transverse ditch, further forms a trapezoid ditch net, greatly improves the runoff blocking capacity, and simultaneously ensures the flood control safety of the intercepting ditches. And the diamond-shaped shunt structure can increase the runoff infiltration path and the runoff infiltration quantity.
2. The invention adopts a three-dimensional cultivation mode, a fish scale pit is excavated in a cut-off transverse ditch, and a forest fruit interplanting ecological economy mode technology of intercropping liquorice with mountain peaches, mountain apricots and wild jujubes is adopted, so that the income of local peasants is improved. And the three-dimensional cultivation mode of forests, grasses and shrubs is adopted from the top of the slope to the bottom in sequence, so that the splashing erosion of raindrops on surface soil can be slowed down.
3. When runoff enters, the runoff water is filtered by the multi-layer mud blocking plates sequentially, enters the interior of the collecting barrel body through the first filter screen, is filtered for the second time through the second filter screen, is stored in the collecting barrel body, is conveyed to the drip irrigation belt through the water outlet pipe, and drips the downhill face; when the rain is in heavy rain, the rainwater is concentrated on the shielding film, the inner barrel is extruded by the weight of the rainwater to move downwards integrally, the outer side of the shielding film moves downwards along with the inner barrel in the process of moving downwards of the inner barrel, the center of the shielding film is under the action of the jack post, the shielding film is bent outwards to form an umbrella-shaped structure after the inner barrel continues to move downwards, the rainwater moves around the shielding film, flows into a water collecting area formed by the outer wall of the inner barrel and the inner wall of the collecting barrel body, flows into the collecting cavity along the filtering hole when the water height in the water collecting area reaches the filtering hole, and overflows into the outer barrel from inside to outside when the water level rises to reach the overflow hole quickly.
4. According to the invention, the shielding film adopts the elastic steel sheet, the ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is downwards bent along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder, the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet is provided with a plurality of elastic steel hooks along the circumferential direction of the elastic steel sheet, the outer wall of the inner cylinder is provided with the hook grooves matched with the elastic steel hooks, the elastic steel sheet is connected with the outer wall of the inner cylinder in a mode of being matched with the hook grooves in a direction, the fixing and the dismounting are convenient, and the cleaning of the inside of the collecting barrel body is convenient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling soil and water loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a sandstone earthing zone according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper ramp of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3 to 7 are effect diagrams of the stereoscopic cultivation of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a current collector tank according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a state diagram of the current collecting barrel body in the rainwater collecting mode in the invention;
fig. 10 is an enlarged view at a in fig. 8.
The reference numerals are as follows:
1. a slope surface is upwards; 101. a closure transverse ditch; 102. a longitudinal groove; 103. a diversion trench; 104. fish scale pits; 2. a downhill surface; 3. a current collecting device; 4. a current collecting barrel body; 401. a manifold; 402. a collecting port; 403. an overflow aperture; 404. an inflow hole; 405. a first filter screen; 5. an outer cylinder; 501. a mud-guard; 6. an inner cylinder; 601. an outer edge; 602. a filter hole; 603. a first connecting rod; 604. a first disc; 605. a hook groove; 7. a bottom cover; 701. a center column; 8. a second filter screen; 9. a shielding film; 901. an elastic steel hook; 10. a horizontal plate; 11. a top column; 12. a second disc; 13. a second connecting rod; 14. a retainer ring; 15. a guide convex strip; 16. a compression spring; 17. a water outlet pipe; 18. a drip irrigation belt.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment specifically provides a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a sandstone earthing zone, which is shown in fig. 1-2 and comprises the following steps:
(1) Treatment of slope 1
Adopts a blocking mode that the blocking transverse ditch 101 and the longitudinal ditch 102 are combined in the opposite direction: digging a interception cross ditch 101 along a contour line, digging longitudinal ditches 102 at two ends of the interception cross ditch 101, digging the longitudinal ditches 102 downwards along a slope from the highest position of the slope top every 5m along the left-right direction of the interception cross ditch 101, and connecting each interception cross ditch 101 in series to form a trapezoid ditch net; determining design and construction specifications of a closure transverse ditch and a longitudinal ditch according to the soil layer thickness, the soil quality and the design rainfall of a slope surface of a sandstone earthing region, wherein the concrete excavation scheme is that the ditch distance is 5m, the ditch opening width is 100cm, and the ditch depth is 30cm; planting shrubs such as caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn among ditches, and sowing grass seeds in a ditch net; the specific sowing time is the last 10 months of each year in the middle and late 4 months of each year; meanwhile, grass covers with stronger vitality such as alfalfa, sweet clover, sand, agrocybe aegerita and the like and adaptation to local climatic soil conditions are sowed between the shrubs of the mixed and crossed before and after rainfall, so that the effects of diapause sediment, increasing rainfall infiltration, reducing runoff shear force, inhibiting water and soil loss and the like can be achieved.
(2) Three-dimensional cultivation
As shown in fig. 3-7, a fish scale pit 104 is excavated in each interception cross ditch 101, the fish scale pits 104 in two adjacent interception cross ditches 101 are in a delta-shaped structure, peaches, apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice are planted in the fish scale pits 104 in the interception cross ditches 101 at the tops of the slopes, caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn are planted downwards in sequence along the contour lines, and grass recovery is realized between ditches in a sealing mode (three-level three-dimensional planting of forests, irrigation and grass in the longitudinal direction, and the lateral direction is the change of economic forests-traditional water and soil conservation biological measures from the tops of the slopes to the side lines of the hills).
Under the constraint conditions of comprehensively considering the characteristics of the law of local rainfall, abortion and sand production and the like and the factors such as soil penetration strength, specific parameters for constructing the fish scale pit are as follows: the fish scale pit is required to be excavated in a 'product' shape, so that the effects of blocking runoff, increasing infiltration and precipitating sediment of the fish scale pit are fully exerted; because the water and soil loss in the soil covering area of the sandstone is mainly caused by short-duration high-strength precipitation, the fish scale pit excavation surface is semicircular, the long diameter is 120cm, the short diameter is 90cm, the depth is 60cm, the ridge height is 15cm, and the stem top width is 12cm; for large seedlings of mountain peaches, mountain apricots and the like, the seedlings are planted at the position of 30cm from the lower edge of the pit; for young seedlings of wild jujube, licorice and the like, the position of 15cm from the lower edge of the pit is used for planting.
(3) The current collecting device 3 is arranged at the outlet of the converging path at the slope top, and the water outlet pipe 17 is connected with the drip irrigation belt 18 through a three-way joint, so as to supplement water for plants growing on the downhill surface 2 in a drip irrigation mode.
The embodiment adopts the vertical and horizontal ditch net runoff blocking utilization technology of the intercepting transverse ditches 101, the longitudinal ditches 102 and the diversion ditches 103, prevents that the intercepting capacity of a single ditch is limited, plays a role in cooperative intercepting of a plurality of ditches, simultaneously utilizes the characteristic of high flood control capacity of the ditch net, utilizes the longitudinal ditches 102 to connect each transverse ditch in series, simultaneously digs the longitudinal ditches 102 along the two ends of each transverse ditch, further forms a trapezoid ditch net, greatly improves the blocking capacity of the runoffs, and simultaneously ensures the flood control safety of the intercepting ditches.
And a three-dimensional cultivation mode is adopted, fish scale pits 104 are excavated in each interception cross ditch 101, the fish scale pits 104 in two adjacent interception cross ditches 101 are of a finished product character structure, and the three-dimensional cultivation mode of forests, grasses and shrubs is adopted from the top of the slope to the bottom, so that the splashing erosion of raindrops on surface soil can be slowed down.
In the treatment process of the slope surface 1, every 5-10 fish scale pits 104 are connected in parallel to one side of the intercepting transverse grooves 101 at intervals to excavate the intercepting grooves 103, a diamond-shaped intercepting structure is formed between every two adjacent intercepting transverse grooves 101, and arbor and shrub plants are planted in the intercepting grooves 103. The technology has both the shunt function and the function of preventing and controlling the undercut of the ditch.
And planting an economic orchard in a region with thicker soil covered on the top of the slope, and interplanting Chinese herbal medicine plants such as liquorice to form a forest fruit interplanting ecological economic mode of interplanting the mountain peaches, the mountain apricots and the wild jujubes with the liquorice, so that the income of local farmers can be improved.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the current collecting device 3 is disposed at a groove head of the current distribution groove 103, the current collecting device 3 includes a current collecting barrel body 4, a current collecting port 402 is disposed at an upper end of the current collecting barrel body 4, the current collecting port 402 is communicated with a current collecting cavity 401 inside the current collecting barrel body 4, an outer barrel 5 is further disposed at an outer side of the current collecting barrel body 4 along a circumferential direction thereof, a bottom of the outer barrel 5 is an inclined plane, a multi-layer mud baffle 501 is disposed on the inclined plane along the circumferential direction thereof, an inflow hole 404 is further disposed on an outer wall of the current collecting barrel body 4 along the circumferential direction thereof, the inflow hole 404 is located above the bottom of the outer barrel 5, a first filter screen 405 is disposed in the inflow hole 404, a second filter screen 8 is disposed inside the current collecting barrel body 4, a center post 701 is disposed at the bottom of the second filter screen 8, the bottom of the center post 701 is connected with a bottom cover 7, and the bottom cover 7 is in threaded connection with the bottom of the current collecting barrel body 4; a water outlet is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the current collecting barrel body 4 and is connected with a water outlet pipe 17.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the mud guard 501 is inclined toward the outer cylinder 5, so that the mud and sand in the runoff can be blocked on the outer side of the mud guard 501.
In this embodiment, an inner cylinder 6 is further disposed in the collecting barrel body 4, the upper end of the inner cylinder 6 is located at the collecting port 402, the outer wall of the inner cylinder 6 is attached to the inner wall of the collecting port 402, a shielding film 9 is disposed at the upper end of the inner cylinder 6, the center of the shielding film 9 is recessed toward the collecting cavity 401, a plurality of filtering holes 602 are disposed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 6 along the circumferential direction thereof, an outer edge 601 is disposed on the outer wall of the bottom of the inner cylinder 6 along the circumferential direction thereof, a guide groove is disposed on the outer edge 601, a guide raised strip 15 matched with the guide groove is disposed on the inner wall of the collecting cavity 401, a retainer ring 14 is disposed at the lower end of the guide raised strip 15, a second disc 12 is disposed at the center of the retainer ring 14, the inner wall of the retainer ring 14 is connected with the outer wall of the second disc 12 through a second connecting rod 13, a horizontal plate 10 is disposed at the bottom of the shielding film 9, and the horizontal plate 10 is connected with the second disc 12 through a top column 11; the inside center department of inner tube 6 is provided with first circle 604 dish, first circle 604 dish is connected with inner tube 6 inner wall through head rod 603, first circle 604 dish is located the filter screen upper end, be provided with compression spring 16 between first circle 604 dish and the second disc 12, compression spring 16 cover is established in the jack-up post 11 outside, and its one end is connected with first circle 604 dish bottom, and the other end is connected with second disc 12 upper end.
As shown in fig. 9, when runoff enters, the runoff water sequentially passes through the multi-layer mud baffle 501, filters out soil, then passes through the first filter screen 405, enters the interior of the collecting barrel body 4, and continuously passes through the second filter screen 8 to realize secondary filtration, and the filtered runoff water is stored in the collecting barrel body 4 and is conveyed to the drip irrigation belt 18 through the water outlet pipe 17 to drip irrigation the downhill face 2; when the rain is in heavy rain, the rainwater is concentrated on the shielding film 9, the inner barrel 6 is extruded by the weight of the rainwater to move downwards integrally, the outer side of the shielding film 9 moves downwards along with the inner barrel 6 in the moving-down process of the inner barrel 6, the center of the shielding film is under the action of the top column 11 and is kept unchanged, after the inner barrel 6 continues to move downwards, the shielding film 9 is outwards bent to form an umbrella-shaped structure, the rainwater moves around the shielding film 9 and flows into a water collecting area formed by the outer wall of the inner barrel 6 and the inner wall of the collecting barrel body 4, and when the water height in the water collecting area reaches the filtering holes 602, the rainwater flows into the collecting cavity 401 along the filtering holes 602.
In this embodiment, a plurality of equally spaced overflow holes 403 are also provided on the inner wall of the manifold 401 along the circumferential direction thereof, the manifold 401 is communicated with the outer cylinder 5 through the overflow holes 403, and the overflow holes 403 are located between the bottom of the manifold 402 and the retainer ring 14. When the water level rises faster to reach the overflow holes 403, the water overflows into the outer cylinder 5 from inside to outside, passes through the first filter screen 405 and flows into the manifold 401. Or the long-term use can lead to excessive clogging of the filtering holes 602 by sediment and impurities in the collecting area formed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 6 and the inner wall of the collecting barrel body 4, so that after rainwater can not normally enter the collecting cavity 401 through the filtering holes 602, the rainwater can flow into the outer cylinder 5 from the overflow holes 403 and continuously enter the collecting cavity 401 through the inflow holes 404. In order to avoid excessive accumulation of sediment and sundries in the outer cylinder 5, the inner part of the outer cylinder 5 is cleaned at intervals.
As shown in fig. 10, the shielding film 9 is made of an elastic steel sheet, the ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is bent downwards along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder 6 to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder 6, a plurality of elastic steel hooks 901 are arranged on the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet along the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the bending section, and hook grooves 605 matched with the elastic steel hooks 901 are formed in the outer wall of the inner cylinder 6.
During installation, the elastic steel sheet covers the upper end of the inner cylinder 6, the part of the elastic steel sheet, which is more than the outer side of the inner cylinder 6, is bent downwards, the elastic steel hooks 901 are clamped into the hook grooves 605 in an arc motion mode, connection between the elastic steel sheet and the inner cylinder 6 is achieved, the inner cylinder 6 moves downwards, and in the process that the jacking column 11 jacks the elastic steel sheet on the net, the top of the elastic steel hooks 901 are clamped on the inner top wall of the hook grooves 605, so that the elastic steel sheet is firmly connected with the outer wall of the inner cylinder 6, and the elastic steel sheet cannot be separated from the inner cylinder 6 due to jacking of the jacking column 11. Meanwhile, when the inside of the collecting barrel body 4 needs to be cleaned, the bending part is turned upwards, namely the elastic steel hook 901 is separated from the hook groove 605, and the elastic steel sheet is separated from the inner barrel 6, so that the operation is simple and convenient.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention and not restrictive, and other modifications and equivalents thereof may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in the sandstone earthing region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Treatment of slope
Adopts a blocking mode of combining a interception transverse ditch with a longitudinal ditch direction: digging a interception cross ditch along a contour line, digging longitudinal ditches at two ends of the interception cross ditch, digging the longitudinal ditches downwards along a slope from the highest position of the slope top every 5m along the left-right direction of the interception cross ditch, and connecting each interception cross ditch in series to form a trapezoid ditch net;
shutoff transverse ditch and longitudinal ditch specification: the ditch spacing is 5m, the ditch opening is 100cm wide, the ditch depth is 30cm, shrubs such as caragana microphylla, sea buckthorn and the like are planted among the ditches, grass seeds are sown in the ditch net, the sowing time is the last 10 months of each year in the middle and the last ten days of 4 months of each year; simultaneously sowing alfalfa, sweet clover, sand and herba Bingpang between the mixed shrubs before and after rainfall;
(2) Three-dimensional cultivation
Digging fish scale pits in each interception cross ditch, wherein the fish scale pits in two adjacent interception cross ditches are of a delta-shaped structure, planting peaches, apricots, wild jujubes and liquorice in the fish scale pits in the interception cross ditches at the tops of the slopes, planting caragana microphylla and sea buckthorn in sequence downwards along the contour lines, and realizing grass restoration between ditches in a sealing and forbidden mode;
(3) A water collecting device is arranged at the outlet of the converging path at the slope top, a water outlet pipe is connected with a drip irrigation belt through a three-way joint, and water is supplied to plants planted on the slope surface in a drip irrigation mode;
in the slope treatment process, each 5-10 fish scale pits are connected in parallel at intervals to excavate a diversion trench to one side of a diversion cross trench, a diamond diversion structure is formed between every two adjacent diversion cross trenches, and arbor and shrub plants are planted in the diversion trench;
the water collecting device is arranged at the position of the diversion trench head and comprises a collecting barrel body, a collecting port is arranged at the upper end of the collecting barrel body, the collecting port is communicated with a collecting cavity in the collecting barrel body, an outer barrel is further arranged on the outer side of the collecting barrel body along the circumferential direction of the collecting barrel body, the bottom of the outer barrel is an inclined plane, a plurality of layers of mud-blocking plates are arranged on the inclined plane along the circumferential direction of the inclined plane, an inflow hole is further formed in the outer wall of the collecting barrel body along the circumferential direction of the inclined plane, the inflow hole is arranged above the bottom of the outer barrel, a first filter screen is arranged in the inflow hole, a second filter screen is arranged in the collecting barrel body, a water outlet is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the collecting barrel body, and the water outlet is connected with a water outlet pipe;
the inner barrel is characterized in that an inner barrel is further arranged in the collecting barrel body, the upper end of the inner barrel is positioned at a collecting port, the outer wall of the inner barrel is attached to the inner wall of the collecting port, a shielding film is arranged at the upper end of the inner barrel, the center of the shielding film is sunken towards the collecting port, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the outer wall of the inner barrel along the circumferential direction of the outer wall, an outer edge is formed in the outer wall of the bottom of the inner barrel along the circumferential direction of the outer wall, a guide groove is formed in the outer edge, a guide raised strip matched with the guide groove is arranged on the inner wall of the collecting port, and a retainer ring is arranged at the lower end of the guide raised strip;
the center of the check ring is provided with a second disc, the inner wall of the check ring is connected with the outer wall of the second disc through a second connecting rod, the bottom of the shielding film is provided with a horizontal plate, and the horizontal plate is connected with the second disc through a jacking column;
the inner cylinder is characterized in that a first disc is arranged at the center of the inner part of the inner cylinder and connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder through a first connecting rod, the first disc is positioned at the upper end of the filter screen, a compression spring is arranged between the first disc and the second disc, the compression spring is sleeved outside the jacking column, one end of the compression spring is connected with the bottom of the first disc, and the other end of the compression spring is connected with the upper end of the second disc.
2. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a sandstone earthing zone according to claim 1, wherein a center column is arranged at the bottom of the second filter screen, the bottom of the center column is connected with a bottom cover, and the bottom cover is in threaded connection with the bottom of the collecting barrel body.
3. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a sandstone earthing zone according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the mud baffle plate is inclined towards the direction of the outer cylinder.
4. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in a sandstone earthing zone according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of equally-spaced overflow holes are further formed in the inner wall of the flow collecting cavity along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the flow collecting cavity, the flow collecting cavity is communicated with the outer cylinder through the overflow holes, and the overflow holes are located between the bottom of the flow collecting cavity and the retainer ring.
5. The method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoffs in a sandstone earthing zone according to claim 1, wherein the shielding film is made of an elastic steel sheet, the ring edge of the elastic steel sheet is downwards bent along the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder to wrap the upper end of the inner cylinder, a plurality of elastic steel hooks are arranged on the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet along the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the bending section of the elastic steel sheet, and hook grooves matched with the elastic steel hooks are formed in the outer wall of the inner cylinder.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278101.XA CN114788441B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone |
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| CN202210278101.XA CN114788441B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Method for comprehensively preventing and controlling water and soil loss and effectively utilizing runoff in soil-covered region of arsenic sandstone |
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| CN114788441B true CN114788441B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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| KR20090112619A (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2009-10-28 | 주식회사 청완 | Trench Drainage Having Checking Hole |
| CN104429207A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Pitting field and hedgerow combined farming mode and structure thereof |
| CN106688357A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-24 | 陈贺铭 | Iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method |
| CN111236275A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 黄河水利科学研究院引黄灌溉工程技术研究中心 | Fish scale pit and catch basin comprehensive runoff retaining system and construction method thereof |
| CN211585361U (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-09-29 | 四川隆科旭环保科技有限公司 | From integrated mud-water separation of annular of taking inner loop deposits device |
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2022
- 2022-03-21 CN CN202210278101.XA patent/CN114788441B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20090112619A (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2009-10-28 | 주식회사 청완 | Trench Drainage Having Checking Hole |
| CN104429207A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Pitting field and hedgerow combined farming mode and structure thereof |
| CN106688357A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-24 | 陈贺铭 | Iron mine waste land vegetation recovery method |
| CN211585361U (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-09-29 | 四川隆科旭环保科技有限公司 | From integrated mud-water separation of annular of taking inner loop deposits device |
| CN111236275A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 黄河水利科学研究院引黄灌溉工程技术研究中心 | Fish scale pit and catch basin comprehensive runoff retaining system and construction method thereof |
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| CN114788441A (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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