CN114651552A - Method for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and grass seeds, sowing the mixture in the soil of the saline-alkali land, wrapping the grass seeds in the soil conditioner after sowing, and realizing quick recovery of vegetation of the saline-alkali land through growth and development; the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of gypsum, 8-10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 2-4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.6-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.1-0.3 part of microbial agent and 50-60 parts of organic material. The invention can reduce the cost by strip application while wrapping the grass seeds in the soil conditioner, can reduce the saline-alkali stress by forming physical isolation between the grass seeds and the saline-alkali soil in the germination period, can provide nutrients for the growth of plants while reducing the saline-alkali obstacle of the soil, and improves the emergence rate and the survival rate of the grass seeds, thereby realizing the rapid recovery of the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetation restoration of saline-alkali grasslands, in particular to a method for quickly restoring vegetation in saline-alkali lands.
Background
The biological diversity of grassland plants is reduced due to the influence of soil salinization, the stability, productivity and bearing capacity of an ecological system are reduced, and the yield and coverage of pasture are reduced; nutrient loss and fertility decline in the aspect of soil, soil structure deterioration, and weak grassland ecosystem. The salinization of the grassland not only affects the ecological environment of the area, but also has significant influence on the development of animal husbandry.
At present, the saline-alkali grassland vegetation restoration technology mainly comprises a biological restoration technology, a physical restoration technology and a chemical restoration technology. Bioremediation technology mainly refers to making the grassland plant community succeed to the top-level community through artificial intervention or natural succession, and then constituting complicated community structure and function, increasing species diversity, improving grassland ecosystem resistance, mainly including carrying out vegetation through planting saline-alkali tolerant plants and rebuilding and primary plant restoration two kinds of modes. The physical remediation measures are mainly used for remediation of the saline-alkali soil in a mode of improving the physical structure of the soil, increasing the permeability and porosity of the soil, promoting the leaching of the salt of the soil and reducing the apparent accumulation of the salt. The chemical remediation measures mainly comprise the steps of adding a chemical modifier into soil, adjusting the composition of soil salt through chemical reaction, and improving the soil structure so as to meet the growth requirement of crops. In order to improve the vegetation recovery effect of saline-alkali soil, people usually firstly carry out physical and chemical improvement on the saline-alkali soil and then plant saline-alkali tolerant plants, but the methods have very limited effect, relatively high cost and long vegetation recovery period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil, which solves the problems of lower saline-alkali tolerance and larger demand of soil conditioners in the germination period and seedling period of grass seeds, mixes the grass seeds in the soil conditioners without directly contacting with saline-alkali soil, and avoids potential saline-alkali stress in the germination period and seedling period of the grass seeds; in addition, the applied soil conditioner can concentrate main components to improve the soil around the grass root system, and can provide nutrient substances while creating a good growth environment for the root system.
The invention provides a method for quickly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and grass seeds, sowing the mixture in the saline-alkali soil, wrapping the grass seeds in the soil conditioner after sowing, and realizing rapid recovery of vegetation in the saline-alkali soil through growth and development;
the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of gypsum, 8-10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 2-4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.6-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.1-0.3 part of microbial agent and 50-60 parts of organic material.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is in powder form.
The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-35 parts of gypsum, 8-10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 3-4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.7-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.2-0.3 part of microbial agent and 50-57 parts of organic material.
In a first embodiment of the invention, the soil conditioner consists of the following components in parts by weight:
35 parts of gypsum, 8 parts of aluminum sulfate, 3 parts of sulfur powder, 0.7 part of polyacrylamide, 0.3 part of microbial agent and 53 parts of organic material.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
35 parts of gypsum, 10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.2 part of microbial agent and 50 parts of organic material.
In a third embodiment of the invention, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30 parts of gypsum, 8 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.7 part of polyacrylamide, 0.3 part of microbial agent and 57 parts of organic material.
In the method, the mass percentage of the calcium sulfate dihydrate in the gypsum can be more than or equal to 75 percent, such as 89 percent or 85 percent;
the polyacrylamide can be anionic, the molecular weight can be less than or equal to 400 ten thousand (such as 300 ten thousand or 400 ten thousand), and the content of effective substances can be more than or equal to 90 percent (such as 95 percent);
the effective viable count of the microbial agent can be more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g;
the mass percentage of the organic matters in the organic materials can be more than or equal to 20 percent, such as 65 percent.
In the above method, the gypsum includes but is not limited to desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, citric acid gypsum;
the microbial agents include but are not limited to bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium;
the organic materials include, but are not limited to, decomposed farmyard manure (such as decomposed sheep manure), decomposed crop straw, activated humic acid.
In the method, the application amount of the soil conditioner is determined according to the saline-alkali degree of the soil;
slight saline-alkali soil: when the pH value is less than 9, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 200-300 kg/mu;
moderate saline-alkali soil: when the pH value is more than 9 and less than 10, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 300-400 kg/mu, such as 400 kg/mu;
severe saline-alkali soil: when the pH value is more than 10, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 400-500 kg/mu, such as 450 kg/mu or 500 kg/mu.
In the method, the grass seeds can be saline-alkali tolerant perennial plants and/or halophytes;
the saline-alkali tolerant perennial plants may be leguminous plants and/or gramineous plants;
the leguminous plant can be at least one of alfalfa, sweet clover and sesbania;
the gramineous plant can be at least one of Leymus chinensis, Elymus serpyllum and Asterina graminifolia;
the halophyte may be at least one of suaeda salsa and suaeda falcate.
In the method, the sowing time can be before the coming of a rainy season (6-7 months) every year.
In the method, the seeding mode can be strip application, the row spacing can be 15-30 cm (such as 20-30 cm, 20cm or 30cm), and the soil is covered after seeding, and the thickness can be 1-3 cm (such as 1.5-2 cm);
the sowing can be unicast or mixed sowing, and the dosage of the grass seeds in the unicast can be as follows: 2-3 kg/mu of mild saline-alkali soil, 3-4 kg/mu of moderate saline-alkali soil and 4-5 kg/mu of severe saline-alkali soil; the dosage of the grass seeds during mixed sowing can be as follows: 2-3 grass seeds are mixed and then sown, and when the 2 grass seeds are sown in a mixed mode, the sowing amount of each grass seed is calculated according to 60% -70% of the single sowing amount; when 3 grass seeds are mixed and sowed, the sowing quantity of each grass seed is calculated according to 40-50% of the single sowing quantity.
Further, the method may further comprise, before the sowing, the steps of: the method comprises the steps of firstly deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a depth of 25-30 cm, harrowing the saline-alkali soil to a soil particle diameter of less than or equal to 3cm, and finally leveling the saline-alkali soil to a height difference of +/-10 cm. Optionally, the saline-alkali soil is a severe saline-alkali soil, the method further comprises irrigation and salt washing after leveling, a flood irrigation mode is adopted, the irrigation amount is 60-200 square/mu, and residual water on the ground surface is completely discharged after soaking for 1-3 days.
Further, the method may further comprise the following steps after the sowing: and (3) applying fertilizer strips to soil in the middle position of two rows of plants about 1 month (for example, in the middle ten days of 7 months) after the grass seeds grow seedlings, covering soil with the thickness of 2-5 cm (for example, 2-3 cm) after the fertilizer is applied, keeping the soil 7-15 cm (for example, 8-10 cm) away from the root systems of the plants, and applying 8-15 kg/mu (for example, 8 kg/mu and 9 kg/mu) of pure nitrogen.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can reduce the cost by strip application while wrapping the grass seeds in the soil conditioner, can reduce the saline-alkali stress by forming physical isolation between the grass seeds and the saline-alkali soil in the germination period, can provide nutrients for the growth of plants while reducing the saline-alkali obstacle of the soil, and improves the emergence rate and the survival rate of the grass seeds, thereby realizing the quick recovery of the vegetation in the saline-alkali soil.
(2) The method can reduce the pH value, the alkalization degree and the sodium adsorption ratio of the saline-alkali soil block soil, improve the organic matter content and increase the fresh grass yield.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
In the severe saline-alkali soil of tender plain. Soil of 0-20cm soil layer is collected in the residual word village of the heaven county in the Songyuan city, Jilin province, and the soil box is taken back to a laboratory to carry out a soil box simulation test. The average pH value of the soil to be tested is 10.2, the total salt content is 1.2g/kg, and the soil is severe soda alkaline earth.
The soil to be tested was filled in a homemade soil box with a thickness of 25cm, and the soil was divided into two parts and set as a test group and a control group, respectively, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Wherein, the test group is provided with a V-shaped planting ditch with the depth of 8cm and the top width of 15cm at the middle part of the soil box, the mixture of grass seeds and soil conditioner is applied into the ditch, and then soil covering is carried out, and the depth is 1 cm. The test grass seeds were a mixture of sesbania, sandawa, suaeda salsa and suaeda salsa, each 80 grains. The soil conditioner is prepared according to the following mass ratio: 35 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 8 parts of aluminum sulfate, 3 parts of sulfur powder, 0.7 part of polyacrylamide, 0.3 part of microbial agent and 53 parts of organic fertilizer, and the application amount is 450 kg/mu in a field.
Wherein, the content of the calcium sulfate dihydrate in the desulfurized gypsum is 89 percent, and the desulfurized gypsum is purchased from the Longhua thermal power plant in the white city of the national electric Jilin; the polyacrylamide is anionic, has the molecular weight of 400 ten thousand and the effective substance content of 95 percent, and is purchased from Shandongdan chemical engineering Co., Ltd; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the microbial agent is purchased from effective companies of Jinwoo Yuan fertilizer industry in inner Mongolia; the organic matter content of the activated humic acid is 65%, and the activated humic acid is purchased from inner Mongolia biotechnology limited company.
The control group was operated in the same manner as the test group except that no soil conditioner was applied.
Immediately irrigating after sowing, wherein the irrigation quantity is 80 square/mu in the field, and then supplementing water once every 5 days, wherein the water supplementing quantity is 10 square/mu each time. The test is continuously carried out for 30 days, water is supplemented for 5 times in the period, and the total irrigation amount is 130 square/mu in the field. The laboratory temperature is kept above 20 ℃, the seedling emergence peak stage is 4-15 days after sowing, the seedling emergence rate of various grass seeds is counted at the 20 th day, and the result is detailed in table 1.
Table 1, example 1 emergence rates of Chinese herbal species
Note: different letters following the same column indicate that the difference reaches a significant level (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rates of sesbania, sambucus, suaeda salsa and suaeda salsa are remarkably improved when the method is used for recovering the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil. Compared with a control group, the emergence rates of sesbania, sambucus salmons, elymus nutans and suaeda salsa in the test groups are respectively improved by 35 percent, 41 percent, 49 percent and 47 percent, and the average emergence rates of four grass seeds are higher by 43 percent.
Example 2
Moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in tender plain. The test site is located in the village of Julin, Songyuan, Qian' an county, surplus characters, village, and the time is 5 months to 9 months in 2020. The total area of the test field is 1365 mu, the pH value of 0-20cm soil is 9.1-10.3, the total salt content is 1.8-12.7 g/kg, the alkalization degree is 22.8-90.6%, and the soil Na+、CO3 2-And HCO3 -The ion content is higher, and is typical of soda saline-alkali soil. The content of basic nutrients of the soil is relatively low, the content of organic matters is 3.7-7.2 g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is 0.4-1.1 g/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 0.5-5.4 g/kg, and the content of quick-acting potassium is 83.4-159.7 mg/kg。
Because the saline-alkali degree of the test land is unevenly distributed, the test land is divided into two different saline-alkali degree areas with moderate degree (9< pH <10) and severe degree (pH >10) according to the pH value of the collected foundation soil sample by spatial interpolation analysis. Each area is divided into a comparison plot and a test plot, wherein the comparison plot adopts a traditional method, and the test plot adopts the method.
In this example, the area of moderate saline-alkali soil is 826 acres, wherein 50 acres are control plots, and 776 acres are test plots. The area of the severe saline-alkali soil is 539 mu, wherein 50 mu is a control plot, and 489 mu is a test plot.
S1, land leveling: all the plots are deeply ploughed by a furrow plough with the depth of 25-30 cm. Then, the disk rake is used for breaking the soil, the diameter of the soil particles is less than or equal to 3cm, the ground is flat after the rake is carried out, and the height difference is +/-10 cm.
S2, preparing a soil conditioner: weighing 35 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.2 part of microbial agent and 50 parts of humic acid, and fully and uniformly mixing by using a stirrer to prepare the powdery soil conditioner.
Wherein, the content of the calcium sulfate dihydrate in the desulfurized gypsum is 89 percent, and the desulfurized gypsum is purchased from the Longhua thermal power plant in the white city of the national electric Jilin; the polyacrylamide is anionic, has the molecular weight of 400 ten thousand and the effective substance content of 95 percent, and is purchased from Shandongdan chemical engineering Co., Ltd; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the microbial agent is purchased from effective companies of Jinwoo Yuan fertilizer industry in inner Mongolia; the organic matter content of the activated humic acid is 65%, and the activated humic acid is purchased from inner Mongolia biotechnology limited company.
S3, determining the dosage of the soil conditioner: in moderate saline-alkali soil, the application amount of the modifying agent is 400 kg/mu. In severe saline-alkali soil, the application amount of the modifying agent is 500 kg/mu.
S4, selecting grass seeds: selecting elymus cappus, melilotus officinalis and suaeda salsa in moderate saline-alkali soil for mixed sowing, wherein the sowing quantity of each grass seed is 1.5 kg/mu, and the total sowing quantity is 4.5 kg/mu; the starwort, sesbania and suaeda falcate are selected for mixed sowing in the severe saline-alkali soil, the sowing quantity of each grass seed is 2 kg/mu, and the total sowing quantity is 6 kg/mu.
S5, sowing: sowing in 1-5 days in 6 months, wherein the operation mode is as follows:
test plots: before sowing, the soil conditioner required by different saline-alkali degrees is uniformly mixed with the grass seeds by a stirrer to form a mixture. Namely: 400kg of soil conditioner and 4.5kg of grass seeds are uniformly mixed in each mu of moderate saline-alkali soil, and 500kg of soil conditioner and 6kg of grass seeds are uniformly mixed in the severe saline-alkali soil. And then, drilling the mixture in the leveled soil by using a seeding machine, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, and the soil covering thickness is 1.5-2 cm.
Comparing land parcels: before sowing, uniformly scattering the required soil conditioner on the soil surface by using a scattering machine, uniformly mixing the soil conditioner with 0-15 cm of soil on the surface layer by using a rotary cultivator, and then drilling grass seeds, wherein the row spacing and the soil covering depth are the same as those of a test land block.
S6, fertilizing: and (4) applying compound fertilizer strips in soil at the middle position of two rows of plants by using a fertilizer applying machine within 15-17 days after 7 months in 2020, wherein the thickness of the soil covering after the fertilizer application is 2-3 cm and the distance from the plant root system is 8-10 cm. The compound fertilizer is purchased from local agricultural markets, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 30: 10: 11, the fertilizing amount is 30 kg/mu, which is equivalent to 9 kg/mu of pure nitrogen.
S7, harvesting forage grass: and harvesting for 7-10 days in 9 months, and respectively selecting 5 representative 1m multiplied by 1m samples in the test plot and the control plot during harvesting to measure the yield of the fresh grass. Meanwhile, a five-point sampling method is adopted, 5 mixed soil samples are collected in the grass growing rows, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, the saline-alkali index and the organic matter content of the soil are measured, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2, example 2 saline-alkali soil index, organic matter content and fresh grass yield
Note: different letters following the same column of numbers indicate that the difference reaches a significant level (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from the table 2, the method of the invention has remarkable effect in the first year when used for recovering the vegetation of the saline-alkali soil. In a medium saline-alkali plot, compared with a control plot, the pH of 0-20cm soil of a test plot is reduced by 0.7 unit, the alkalization degree is reduced by 21.1 percentage points, the organic matter content is improved by 43.1%, the fresh grass yield is increased by 76.2%, but the salt content has no obvious difference. In a severe saline-alkali plot, compared with a control plot, the pH of 0-20cm soil of a test plot is reduced by 0.6 unit, the alkalization degree is reduced by 35.6 percentage points, the organic matter content is improved by 34.8%, and the fresh grass yield is increased by 133.3%.
Example 3
Severe saline-alkali soil in the river irrigation area. The test site is located in Wansheng Yingzicun of Dalatewang summoning Confucius in Dallas, City, inner Mongolia autonomous region, and the time is 5-9 months in 2021 year. The total area of the test area is 30 mu, the average pH value of 0-20cm soil is 9.11, the salt content is 14.6g/kg, the sodium adsorption ratio is 41.6, and the soil is a moderate saline-alkali soil with serious saline-alkali dual damage. The content of basic nutrients of the soil is relatively low, the content of organic matters is 7.4g/kg, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 14.2mg/kg, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 17.7mg/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 10.3mg/kg, and the content of quick-acting potassium is 169.4 mg/kg.
Before the test, the test area is divided into 6 field blocks, the area of each field block is about 5 mu, and ridges are built on the periphery of each field block. Test and control zones were set, each zone comprising 3 fields. Wherein the test zone is prepared by the method of the invention and the control zone is prepared by the conventional method. The operation mode is as follows:
s1, land leveling: all the plots are deeply ploughed by a furrow plough with the depth of 25-30 cm. Then, the Rough soil is crushed by a disk harrow, the diameter of soil particles is less than or equal to 3cm, the ground is flat after harrowing, and the height difference is +/-8 cm. And then irrigating and washing salt, adopting a flood irrigation mode, wherein the irrigation quantity is 180 square/mu, and completely discharging the residual water on the ground surface after soaking for 2 days.
S2, preparing a soil conditioner: weighing 30 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 8 parts of aluminum sulfate, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.7 part of polyacrylamide, 0.3 part of microbial agent and 57 parts of organic fertilizer, and fully and uniformly mixing the materials by using a stirrer to prepare the powdery soil conditioner.
Wherein the content of the calcium sulfate dihydrate in the desulfurized gypsum is 85 percent, and the desulfurized gypsum is purchased from the International Tokton generating Limited liability company of the great Tang of inner Mongolia; the polyacrylamide is anionic, has the molecular weight of 300 ten thousand and the effective substance content of 95 percent, and is purchased from Shandongdan chemical engineering Co., Ltd; the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, and the microbial agent is purchased from effective companies of Jinwoo Yuan fertilizer industry in inner Mongolia; the organic matter content of the sheep manure is 65%, and the sheep manure is purchased from Limited liability company for producing organic fertilizer by inner Mongolia shepherds.
S3, determining the dosage of the soil conditioner: the application amount of the modifying agent is 350 kg/mu.
S4, selecting grass seeds: selecting the elymus and the sesbania for mixed sowing, wherein the sowing quantity of each grass seed is 1.8 kg/mu, and the total sowing quantity is 3.6 kg/mu.
S5, sowing: sowing the seeds in the 5 th and 28 th days in the following way:
test plots: before sowing, the soil conditioner required by different saline-alkali degrees and the grass seeds are uniformly mixed by a stirrer to form a mixture. Namely: 350kg of soil conditioner and 3.6kg of grass seeds are mixed evenly. And then, drilling the mixture in the leveled soil by using a seeding machine, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, and the soil covering thickness is 1.5-2 cm.
Comparing the land parcels: before sowing, uniformly scattering the required soil conditioner on the soil surface by using a scattering machine, uniformly mixing the soil conditioner with 0-15 cm of soil on the surface layer by using a rotary cultivator, and drilling the mixed grass seeds, wherein the row spacing and the earthing depth are the same as those of a test plot.
S6, fertilizing: and (3) applying compound fertilizer in the soil at the middle position of two rows of plants by using a fertilizing machine in 12 days at 7 months in 2021, wherein the thickness of the soil covered after fertilization is 2-3 cm and the distance from the soil to a plant root system is 8-10 cm. The compound fertilizer is purchased from local agricultural markets, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 20: 10: 15, the fertilizing amount is 40 kg/mu, which is equivalent to 8 kg/mu of pure nitrogen.
S7, harvesting forage grass: and harvesting for 9 months and 2 days, selecting representative 1m multiplied by 1m squares in each plot of the test plots and the control plots during harvesting, and measuring the yield of the fresh grass. Meanwhile, a five-point sampling method is adopted, mixed soil samples are collected in the grass growing rows, one soil sample is collected in each cell, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, the saline-alkali index and the organic matter content of the soil are measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3, EXAMPLE 3 soil saline-alkali index, organic matter content and fresh grass yield
Note: different letters following the same column of numbers indicate that the difference reaches a significant level (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 3, the method of the present invention has significant effects in the first year of vegetation restoration in saline and alkaline land. Compared with a control plot, the pH of the soil with the thickness of 0-20cm in the test plot is reduced by 0.4 unit, the sodium adsorption ratio is reduced by 28.4%, the organic matter content is improved by 22.8%, the fresh grass yield is increased by 81.8%, but the total salt content has no obvious difference.
The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention can be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The use of some of the essential features is possible within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly recovering vegetation in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and grass seeds, sowing the mixture in the saline-alkali soil, wrapping the grass seeds in the soil conditioner after sowing, and realizing rapid recovery of vegetation in the saline-alkali soil through growth and development;
the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of gypsum, 8-10 parts of aluminum sulfate, 2-4 parts of sulfur powder, 0.6-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 0.1-0.3 part of microbial agent and 50-60 parts of organic material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the soil conditioner is in a powder shape.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the mass percentage content of the calcium sulfate dihydrate in the gypsum is more than or equal to 75 percent;
the polyacrylamide is anionic, the molecular weight is less than or equal to 400 ten thousand, and the content of effective substances is more than or equal to 90 percent;
the effective viable count of the microbial agent is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g;
the mass percentage of the organic matters in the organic materials is more than or equal to 20 percent.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the gypsum is desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum or citric acid gypsum;
the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis or bacillus megaterium;
the organic material is decomposed farmyard manure, decomposed crop straw or activated humic acid.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the application amount of the soil conditioner is determined according to the saline-alkali degree of soil;
slight saline-alkali soil: when the pH value is less than 9, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 200-300 kg/mu;
moderate saline-alkali soil: when the pH value is more than 9 and less than 10, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 300-400 kg/mu;
severe saline-alkali soil: when the pH value is more than 10, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 400-500 kg/mu.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the grass seeds are saline-alkali tolerant perennial plants and/or halophytes;
the saline-alkali tolerant perennial plants are leguminous plants and/or gramineae plants;
the leguminous plant is at least one of alfalfa, sweet clover and sesbania;
the gramineous plant is at least one of leymus chinensis, elymus chinensis and starwort;
the halophyte is at least one of suaeda salsa and suaeda falcate.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the seeding mode is strip seeding, the row spacing is 15-30 cm, and soil is covered after seeding, and the thickness is 1-3 cm;
the sowing is unicast or mixed sowing, and the using amount of the grass seeds in the unicast is as follows: 2-3 kg/mu of mild saline-alkali soil, 3-4 kg/mu of moderate saline-alkali soil and 4-5 kg/mu of severe saline-alkali soil; the grass seeds are used in the mixed sowing process as follows: 2-3 grass seeds are mixed and then sown, and when the 2 grass seeds are sown in a mixed mode, the sowing amount of each grass seed is calculated according to 60% -70% of the single sowing amount; when 3 grass seeds are mixed and sowed, the sowing quantity of each grass seed is calculated according to 40-50% of the single sowing quantity.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps before sowing: the method comprises the steps of firstly deeply ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a depth of 25-30 cm, harrowing the saline-alkali soil to a soil particle diameter of less than or equal to 3cm, and finally leveling the saline-alkali soil to a height difference of +/-10 cm.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the method is characterized in that the saline-alkali soil is a severe saline-alkali soil, the method further comprises irrigation and salt washing after leveling, a flood irrigation mode is adopted, the irrigation quantity is 60-200 square/mu, and residual water on the ground surface is completely discharged after soaking for 1-3 days.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps after the sowing: and (3) applying fertilizer strips in soil at the middle position of two rows of plants about 1 month after the seedlings of the grass seeds emerge, covering soil with the thickness of 2-5 cm after the fertilizer is applied, keeping the soil 7-15 cm away from the root systems of the plants, and applying pure nitrogen 8-15 kg/mu.
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