CN114608851A - Test bench of gas drilling impact power tool - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, in particular to a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool, which comprises a data processing system, a supporting base, a gas inlet assembly, a tailstock assembly and an installation rotating mechanism, wherein the data processing system is connected with the supporting base through a gas inlet pipe; the mounting rotating mechanism comprises a power motor, a transmission assembly and a mounting frame body; one end of the mounting frame body is rotatably connected with the supporting base, and the other end of the mounting frame body is detachably connected with the supporting base; the air inlet assembly and the tailstock assembly are arranged inside the installation frame body and are respectively positioned at two ends of the installation frame body; the power motor is fixed at the bottom of the mounting frame body, a rotating shaft of the power motor is in transmission connection with the air inlet assembly through a transmission component, and a signal acquisition unit of the data processing system is arranged inside the tailstock assembly. The technical scheme adopts the rack device provided with the signal acquisition unit to quantitatively test the impact force, the impact power and the impact frequency of the gas drilling impact power tool, and facilitates evaluation, analysis and improvement of the gas drilling impact power tool in the later testing period by acquiring and analyzing the measured parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, in particular to a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool.
Background
At present, the requirement for the drilling speed of domestic oil and gas wells is higher and higher, in the gas drilling process, the action of gas weight on a shaft can be ignored, the gas drilling process is influenced by the action of an overlying strata, and the stress state borne by a bottom rock stratum is changed from compressive stress to tensile stress, so that the gas drilling speed increasing effect is obvious compared with the conventional mud drilling speed increasing effect. In addition, gas drilling also has great advantages in the aspects of leakage prevention and reservoir protection. The basic principle of the gas drilling impact power tool represented by an air hammer is that a flow channel of high-pressure gas in the tool is changed to drive a piston to reciprocate up and down to impact a drill bit at a certain frequency, so that the rock stratum at the bottom of a well is impacted and crushed.
The air hammer drilling is a drilling technology which utilizes high-pressure gas medium to convert energy and realizes high-frequency (800-1900 times/min) impact rock breaking on rocks, and has the advantages of gas drilling and impact drilling. When the air hammer is used for drilling, under the action of high-frequency impact dynamic load of the air hammer piston, the composite spherical teeth at the bottom of the drill bit can enable the rock below the tooth tip to reach the yield limit instantly, and meanwhile, the drill bit rotates at a low speed. By continuously changing the contact position of the buttons with the rock, an associated crushing zone is further created around the economy below the contact point. In addition, the negative pressure formed at the bottom of the well by the gas drilling changes the compressive stress of the rock at the bottom of the well into tensile stress, which is beneficial to the expansion of cracks in the rock and greatly weakens the pressure holding effect of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, thereby leading the disintegration of the rock at the bottom of the well to be fully exerted. Therefore, compared with the conventional rotary drilling mode, the air hammer drilling mode is an efficient gas drilling mode for breaking rock by combining impact, rotation and dynamic load, so that the rapid drilling of hard and brittle rocks such as igneous rock and the like becomes practical. In addition, the required bit pressure is low (generally 10-40 KN) when the air hammer drills, the air hammer piston directly impacts the fiber head to break the rock, the bottom drilling tool does not bear large axial force, and the bending deformation generated by the bottom drilling tool is small, so that the air hammer is used for drilling in a hard stratum, the mechanical drilling speed is improved, and meanwhile, a good anti-inclination and anti-deviation effect can be achieved.
Impact force, impact work and impact frequency are key performance parameters for evaluating the working state of the gas drilling impact power tool. The air hammer drills the well with the deepest depth of 4304.18m, the single drilling footage is 1945.90m at the deepest depth, the lowest footage is less than 5m, and the individual difference is obvious. At present, before the air hammer enters a well, a gas injection test is usually carried out on a drilling platform surface, whether the working state is normal or not is judged only by vibration sense and sound, and the method belongs to experience evaluation and has a lot of uncertainty. Therefore, a set of gas drilling impact power tool performance parameter test bench is needed to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the impact power tool and form a construction well entry standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test bench for a gas drilling impact power tool, aiming at the defects in the prior art, which can detect main parameters such as impact force, impact power, impact frequency and the like of the gas drilling impact power tool during operation, collect the main parameters in real time and display the main parameters visually. Meanwhile, actual performance parameters of the gas drilling impact power tools of different models are mastered, the performance of the impact power tool is evaluated quantitatively, and the structure and the use scheme of the gas drilling impact power tool can be optimized.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a test bench for a gas drilling impact power tool comprises a data processing system and a bench device, wherein the bench device comprises a supporting base, a gas inlet assembly, a tailstock assembly and an installation rotating mechanism; the data processing system comprises a signal acquisition unit arranged on the rack device, and a signal transmission unit, a data integration unit and a data processing unit which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the signal acquisition unit is electrically connected with the signal transmission unit; the supporting base comprises a positioning installation frame, a first supporting frame and a second supporting frame which are respectively fixed at the top of the positioning installation frame; the air inlet assembly comprises an air inlet seat, a bearing piece and an air inlet pipe; an air inlet channel penetrates through the air inlet seat, and the bearing piece is embedded in the air inlet seat and is coaxial with the air inlet channel; the air inlet pipe comprises an air receiving part and a force receiving part, the air receiving part is positioned in the air inlet channel and is rotationally connected with the air inlet seat through a bearing piece, and the outer wall of the air receiving part is tightly attached to the inner ring of the bearing piece and the inner wall of the air inlet channel; the stress part is provided with a thread buckle which is in accordance with the thread buckle type of the tested tool; the tailstock assembly comprises a mounting seat, an impact block, a screw rod and a sensor cushion block; an installation channel penetrates through the interior of the installation seat and comprises a smooth impact part and a thread positioning part; the impact block comprises a force bearing part and a force transmission column, one end of the force transmission column is positioned in the smooth impact part and is fixedly connected with the sensor cushion block, and the outer wall of the force transmission column is tightly attached to the inner wall of the smooth impact part; the other end of the force transmission column is positioned outside the mounting channel and is fixedly connected with the force bearing part; the screw rod is in threaded connection with the mounting seat through the threaded positioning part and comprises an adjusting end facing the outside of the mounting channel and a force measuring end facing the sensor cushion block, and the signal acquisition unit is arranged at the force measuring end of the screw rod; the mounting rotating mechanism comprises a power motor, a transmission assembly and a mounting frame body; the mounting frame body is of a hollow cuboid structure with an opening at the top, one end of the mounting frame body is detachably arranged at the top of the first support and is detachably connected with the first support, and the other end of the mounting frame body is rotatably connected with the second support; the air inlet assembly is arranged at one end, close to the first support, in the mounting frame body; the mounting seat of the tailstock assembly is positioned at one end, close to the second support, in the mounting frame body, and the tailstock assembly is fixedly connected with the mounting machine body through a pin shaft; the power motor is positioned at the bottom of the mounting frame body and is fixedly connected with the mounting frame body; the bottom of installation support body is provided with the hole of dodging I that is used for supplying transmission assembly to pass, and power motor's pivot is connected with the atress portion transmission of intake pipe through transmission assembly.
Preferably, the transmission assembly is a gear assembly and comprises an intermediate gear, a driving gear and a driven gear, wherein the driving gear and the driven gear are respectively meshed with the intermediate gear, the intermediate gear is rotatably connected with the mounting frame body, the driving gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the power motor, and the driven gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with a stress part of the air inlet pipe.
Preferably, the transmission assembly is a sprocket assembly and comprises a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft through shaft of the motor, the driven sprocket is fixedly connected with a stress part of the air inlet pipe in a coaxial mode, and the driving sprocket is in transmission connection with the driven sprocket through the transmission chain.
Preferably, the top of the air inlet seat and the top of the mounting seat are respectively provided with a hanging ring, the hanging rings comprise a connecting stud and a ring body fixedly connected with the top of the connecting stud, and the air inlet seat and the mounting seat are respectively provided with a thread groove used for being matched with the connecting stud.
Preferably, the positioning and mounting frame is further provided with a side leaning support arm for supporting and mounting the rotating mechanism.
Preferably, the air inlet passage of the air inlet seat is embedded with a sealing ring, the sealing ring and the air inlet passage are coaxially arranged, and the outer wall of the air receiving part of the air inlet pipe is elastically sealed with the inner wall of the air inlet passage through the sealing ring.
Preferably, the regulation end of lead screw is provided with the spanner groove that is used for cooperating the spanner, be provided with the hole of dodging II that supplies the spanner to pass with spanner groove coaxial on the installation support body.
Preferably, the air intake assembly further comprises an annular bearing pressure plate for preventing the bearing member from moving axially and a compression bolt for fixing the annular bearing pressure plate; the annular bearing pressing plate and the bearing are coaxially arranged, and the plurality of pressing bolts are arranged along the annular direction of the annular bearing pressing plate at equal intervals.
Preferably, the bottom of installation support body is provided with the connecting plate, the second support including connecting axle and two mutual symmetries and with location mounting bracket fixed connection's otic placode, the connecting plate is in between two otic placodes, the connecting axle runs through the connecting plate, the connecting plate passes through the connecting axle and is connected with two otic placodes rotation.
Preferably, the air inlet seat of the air inlet assembly is rotatably connected with the installation frame body through a bolt and a pin shaft, the top and the bottom of the installation frame body are respectively provided with a limiting beam, the surface of the limiting beam facing the inner side of the installation frame body is provided with two mutually symmetrical limiting roller assemblies, each limiting roller assembly comprises a roller body, a roller shaft and roller seats arranged at two ends of the roller shaft, the roller seats are fixedly connected with the limiting beams, the roller shafts penetrate through the axes of the roller bodies, and the roller bodies are rotatably connected with the roller seats through the roller shafts.
The beneficial effect that this technical scheme brought:
1) this technical scheme is to the problem that can't carry out quantitative test to gas drilling percussion power tool's impact force, percussion power and impact frequency among the prior art, adopts the rack device of laying the signal acquisition unit, carries out quantitative test to gas drilling percussion power tool's impact force, percussion power and impact frequency, and through gathering the analysis to the parameter of measuring, has made things convenient for the test later stage to gas drilling percussion power tool evaluation, analysis and improvement.
2) According to the technical scheme, after the gas drilling impact power tool enters a working state, due to the fact that impact force is large, impact vibration to a testing system and a sensor is large, all parts form a whole through hard connection, a stable working environment is provided for the gas drilling impact power tool, specifically, an air inlet assembly is directly connected to a screw thread of the gas drilling impact power tool, a pretightening force is formed between a tailstock assembly and the gas drilling impact power tool through a position-adjustable screw rod, and therefore the gas drilling impact power tool is fixed in a mounting frame body; during the test, the mounting frame body and the supporting base are relatively fixed, and the supporting base and the cement pier are relatively fixed, so that the gas drilling impact power tool hammer is fixed on the mounting frame body, the influence of the vibration of the rack on the test process can be reduced, the working environment of the gas drilling impact power tool is always stable, and the accuracy of the measured data is further ensured.
3) The technical scheme adopts the installed motor to drive the tested tool, realizes the simulation of key working parameters of the tested tool at different rotating speeds, measures the main performances such as impact force, impact power, impact frequency and the like of the gas drilling impact power tool during operation under different working conditions to carry out real-time measurement, and can also visually display through the data processing unit.
4) This technical scheme suitability is good, specifically makes the gas drilling impact power tool of different length of installation support body inner space adaptation installation for accessible accommodate the lead screw, and the accessible changes the multiple gas drilling impact power tool of thread lock knot type adaptation in the intake pipe.
5) This technical scheme has adopted the movable sprocket assembly of gear assembly, and two kinds of structures are all comparatively simple, easily realize, and can ensure the stable transmission of power.
6) The lifting ring is convenient to move and transport the test bench.
7) The side is leaned on the setting of support arm, has avoided the operation to skid to cause the installation support body to rotate together with the transition of gas drilling impact power tool, has ensured test operation's security.
8) This technical scheme has set up elastic seal structure, prevents that the assembly gas leakage that admits air from influencing the reliability for gas drilling impact power tool air feed, has further ensured the accuracy of test result.
9) This technical scheme has set up spanner cooperation structure, when needs accommodate the lead screw, can pass with the help of the spanner and dodge hole II and spanner groove cooperation, makes accommodate the lead screw's operation more light convenient to can ensure to have sufficient pretightning force between tailstock assembly and the gas drilling impact power tool.
10) Annular bearing clamp plate and housing bolt cooperation have ensured the stability of bearing spare in the seat inside that admits air, have reduced the intensity requirement of relatively fixed between bearing spare and the seat that admits air, have made things convenient for the dismantlement and the installation of bearing, promptly, make the assembly of admitting air simpler.
11) Spacing crossbeam is used for preventing that gas drilling impact power tool breaks away from the installation support body beyond during by the test, simultaneously for providing the space condition of installing spacing roller components, four spacing roller components cooperate each other, can prevent effectively that gas drilling impact power tool from producing radial displacement during by the survey, ensured this technical scheme's safety in utilization, but the air inlet assembly rotary set, the internal installation space of multiplicable installation frame, the gas drilling impact power tool of being convenient for is put into or is taken out the installation support body.
Drawings
The foregoing and following detailed description of the invention will be apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stage apparatus in a use state;
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the stage apparatus in use;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the stage apparatus during the resetting operation of the tested tool piston;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a stage apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the mounting frame;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a spacing roller assembly and a spacing beam;
FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional structural schematic view of the air intake assembly;
FIG. 8 is a front cross-sectional structural view of the tailstock assembly;
FIG. 9 is a mathematical model of a hammer impact sensor;
FIG. 10 is a graph of impact force versus time;
FIG. 11 is a table of sensor calibration impact force test data;
FIG. 12 is a table of sensor calibration impact work calculation data;
FIG. 13 is a graph of impact force versus work of impact;
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a data processing system;
in the figure:
1. a support base; 1.1, positioning a mounting rack; 1.2, a first support frame; 1.3, a second support frame; 1.3.1, ear plate; 1.3.2, connecting a shaft; 2. an air intake assembly; 2.1, an air inlet seat; 2.2, bearing parts; 2.3, an air inlet pipe; 2.3.1, a gas receiving part; 2.3.2, a stress part; 2.3.3, thread buckling; 2.4, an air channel; 2.5, annular bearing pressing plates; 2.6, pressing the bolt; 2.7, a sealing ring; 3. a tailstock assembly; 3.1, mounting seats; 3.2, an impact block; 3.2.1, a force bearing part; 3.2.2, a force transmission column; 3.3, a screw rod; 3.4, sensor cushion blocks; 3.5, installing a channel; 4. installing a rotating mechanism; 4.1, a power motor; 4.2, a transmission component; 4.2.1, a driving gear; 4.2.2, intermediate gear; 4.2.3, a driven gear; 4.3, installing a frame body; 4.3.1, avoiding holes I; 4.3.2, avoiding holes II; 4.4, connecting plates; 5. a hoisting ring; 5.1, connecting a stud; 5.2, a ring body; 6. a side support arm; 7. a wrench groove; 8. a limiting cross beam; 9. limiting the roller assembly; 9.1, a roller body; 9.2, roller shafts; 9.3, a roller seat; 10. cement pier; 11. a tool under test; 12. and a signal acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present invention are further illustrated by the following specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool, which comprises a data processing system and a bench device as a basic embodiment of the invention, wherein the bench device comprises a supporting base 1, an air inlet assembly 2, a tailstock assembly 3 and a mounting and rotating mechanism 4. The data processing system comprises a signal acquisition unit 12 arranged on the rack device, and a signal transmission unit, a data integration unit and a data processing unit which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the signal acquisition unit 12 is electrically connected to the signal transmission unit. The supporting base 1 comprises a positioning mounting frame 1.1, and a first supporting frame 1.2 and a second supporting frame 1.3 which are respectively fixed on the top of the positioning mounting frame 1.1; the air inlet assembly 2 comprises an air inlet seat 2.1, a bearing piece 2.2 and an air inlet pipe 2.3; an air inlet channel 2.4 penetrates through the air inlet seat 2.1, and the bearing piece 2.2 is embedded in the air inlet seat 2.1 and is coaxial with the air inlet channel 2.4; the air inlet pipe 2.3 comprises an air receiving part 2.3.1 and a force receiving part 2.3.2, the air receiving part 2.3.1 is positioned in the air inlet channel 2.4 and is rotationally connected with the air inlet seat 2.1 through a bearing piece 2.2, and the outer wall of the air receiving part 2.3.1 is tightly attached to the inner ring of the bearing piece 2.2 and the inner wall of the air inlet channel 2.4; the stress part 2.3.2 is provided with a thread buckle 2.3.3 which is in accordance with the thread buckle type of the tested tool 11; the tailstock assembly 3 comprises a mounting seat 3.1, an impact block 3.2, a screw rod 3.3 and a sensor cushion block 3.4; a mounting channel 3.5 penetrates through the mounting seat 3.1, and the mounting channel 3.5 comprises a smooth impact part and a thread positioning part; the impact block 3.2 comprises a force bearing part 3.2.1 and a force transmission column 3.2.2, one end of the force transmission column 3.2.2 is positioned in the smooth impact part and is fixedly connected with the sensor cushion block 3.4, and the outer wall of the force transmission column 3.2.2 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the smooth impact part; the other end of the force transmission column 3.2.2 is positioned outside the mounting channel 3.5 and is fixedly connected with the force bearing part 3.2.1; the screw rod 3.3 is in threaded connection with the mounting seat 3.1 through a threaded positioning part and comprises an adjusting end facing the outside of the mounting channel 3.5 and a force measuring end facing the sensor cushion block 3.4, and the signal acquisition unit 12 is arranged at the force measuring end of the screw rod 3.3; the mounting and rotating mechanism 4 comprises a power motor 4.1, a transmission assembly 4.2 and a mounting frame body 4.3; the mounting frame body 4.3 is of a hollow cuboid structure with an open top, one end of the mounting frame body 4.3 is detachably arranged at the top of the first support and is detachably connected with the first support, and the other end of the mounting frame body 4.3 is rotatably connected with the second support; the air inlet assembly 2 is arranged at one end, close to the first support, in the installation frame body 4.3; the mounting seat 3.1 of the tailstock assembly 3 is positioned at one end, close to the second support, inside the mounting frame body 4.3, and the tailstock assembly 3 is fixedly connected with the mounting machine body through a pin shaft; the power motor 4.1 is positioned at the bottom of the mounting frame body 4.3 and is fixedly connected with the mounting frame body 4.3; the bottom of installing support body 4.3 is provided with the hole of dodging I4.3.1 that is used for supplying transmission assembly 4.2 to pass, and power motor 4.1's pivot is connected with the atress portion 2.3.2 transmission of intake pipe 2.3 through transmission assembly 4.2.
The data processing system is a measuring system which is based on a computer and realizes the user-defined function by measuring software and hardware products. The signal acquisition unit 12 is generally various sensors for acquiring signals to be measured; the data transmission unit is a circuit used for carrying out primary processing such as conversion, amplification, filtration, adjustment and the like on signals; the data integration unit is a data acquisition card; the data processing unit is software used for processing various data. The data acquisition needs to integrate the signal uploaded by the signal acquisition unit 12, so as to realize the measurement of eight performances of the gas drilling impact power tool (hydraulic impactor), and comprehensively analyze the factors such as practicability, economy and the like, the technical scheme selects the data acquisition card with the model of MP4221, which is produced by Beijing Shuangnuo measurement and control technology Limited company, and the main characteristics are as follows: a USB2.0 bus AD acquisition module; 8-path single-end input is carried out, and a sampling channel can carry out automatic scanning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) 12-bit 2MHzAD, adopting a software automatic correction technology, setting three AD inputs of 0-5V, 0-10V and +/-5V through a software program to control, and setting different gain values to be the same in input range of all channels; the acquisition mode comprises two types of continuous acquisition and fixed-length storage acquisition, and the starting of the MP4221 can select software triggering or an external hardware triggering mode; the 2-path 24-bit counter adopts a subtraction counting mode to count, and can measure the frequency of a signal and the interval time between the rising edges of N pulses; 2 paths of 20-bit pulses are output, and the clock frequency is 10 MHz. PWM square waves, single positive pulse output and programmable pulse number output can be generated; the AD input channel is converted once in an automatic scanning mode, and a user can set the starting channel and the ending channel of the conversion at will; two paths of independent 12-bit DA output 5V/+/-5V, and the output can only be used for controlling voltage output and cannot be used as a signal generator.
When the parameter test of the gas drilling impact power tool is needed, the rack device can be fixed on the cement pier 10, and particularly, the support base 1 is fixed on the cement pier 10 by adopting bolts; then a tested tool 11 is arranged in the mounting frame body 4.3, and one end of the tested tool is detachably connected with the air inlet assembly 2 through the matching of the screw thread of the tested tool 11 and the screw thread 2.3.3 of the stress part 2.3.2 of the air inlet pipe 2.3; through adjusting a screw rod 3.3, an impact block 3.2 of a tailstock assembly 3 is made to be tightly attached to a tested tool 11, an installation frame body 4.3 is rotated to a state perpendicular to a positioning installation frame 1.1 along a second support, a piston in the tested tool 11 is reset, then the installation frame body 4.3 is put down onto a first support, the installation frame body 4.3 is made to be parallel to the positioning installation frame 1.1, and the installation frame body 4.3 is detachably connected with the first support through a pin shaft and a bolt; connect air supply equipment on the seat 2.1 that admits air of assembly 2, compressed air that air supply equipment prepared passes through intake pipe 2.3 and gets into by test tool 11, after that by test tool 11 entering operating condition, and strike piece 3.2, strike piece 3.2 and pass through the sensor pad with impact force transmission for signal acquisition unit 12, realize the real-time measurement to impact force, at this moment, can start motor, make the motor drive gear wheel and then drive by test tool 11, measure the impact force under the different instrument rotational speeds. After the impact force is obtained through measurement, the impact power and the impact frequency can be indirectly calculated through a data processing system.
The impact force testing method comprises the following steps:
the force is measured through the signal acquisition unit 12, and based on the force measurement requirement, the data acquisition unit comprises a pressure sensor, and the impact force can be directly measured through the pressure sensor according to the working principle of various pressure sensors. According to the characteristics of the measured hydraulic impactor and the approximate range of impact force, a piezoelectric quartz force sensor of Chengdu Dasheng British technology limited company is selected, the model number of the piezoelectric quartz force sensor is 511F05, the working principle of the piezoelectric quartz force sensor is piezoelectric effect, the maximum value of the compressive force which can be measured is about 5t, and main performance parameters are as follows: measuring range (voltage) 50KN, sensitivity 0.1mV/N, measuring range 50kN pk, resonant frequency 50kHz, down line frequency 1Hz, output mode M5 and weight 30 g.
The impact force test acquisition principle:
a mathematical model of the impact sensor of the impact hammer as shown in FIG. 9 is established, the speed when the impact hammer falls and contacts the sensor is set as v, the piezoelectric quartz force sensor generates electric charge due to pressure, the electric charge is processed by a charge amplifier to output a voltage signal. The impact hammer will bounce after impacting the sensor, so the impact process is not a completely inelastic collision. The sensor is assumed to be divided into three layers, the upper layer and the lower layer of the sensor are set to be a spring with high rigidity, and the middle layer is assumed to be a rigid body without deformation. The sensor receives the back sensor upper strata and the lower floor pressurized, and in the impact process, the deformation of upper spring is x1, and the deformation of lower spring is x 2. In the mathematical model, in the falling process of the impact hammer, the kinetic energy at the contact moment is converted into the elastic potential energy of two springs with high rigidity, and when the maximum deformation is reached (xmax), the force borne by the sensor is the maximum (Fmax). Then the spring recovers the deformation and rebounds the impact hammer, but in the process of recovering the elastic deformation of the spring, because the sensor and the supporting base 1 are limited and have large retardation, the spring only converts part of the elastic potential energy into the rebounding kinetic energy of the impact hammer.
The kinetic energy of the contact moment can be obtained by the theorem of kinetic energy
m is the mass of the punch hammer; v is the speed of the ram just before it contacts the sensor, and is also the maximum speed of the ram. The impact hammer continuously falls until the elastic deformation of the sensor reaches the maximum value, and the total elastic potential energy P stored by the spring is as follows:
k in the formula (3-1)1And k2Is the elastic coefficient, x, of the two-section spring1maxAnd x2maxIs the maximum deflection of the two springs.
Setting the kinetic energy of the impact hammer when the speed of the impact hammer reaches the maximum as impact energy W, and then the impact energy W is equal to the total elastic potential energy P of the spring, and obtaining:
according to the hooke's theorem:
F1max＝k1x1max (3-3)
F2max＝k2x2max (3-4)
from the formula (3-2), the formula (3-3) and the formula (3-4):
when the spring reaches the maximum deformation, the sensor is approximately regarded as the stress balance, and then
Fmax＝F1max＝F2max (3-6)
Obtained from the formula (3-5) and the formula (3-6)
Order to
k is the elastic coefficient of the upper spring and the lower spring after being connected in series, then:
since k is a constant coefficient relating to the characteristics of the sensor member itself, the square (F) of the impact energy (W) and the maximum impact force can be obtained2max) is proportional.
The impact hammer accomplishes the transfer of impact energy through the impact anvil, which is assumed to be a completely rigid body and the impact hammer to be a non-completely rigid body, but the elastic stiffness is very high and its deformation is elastic deformation during impact. Setting the time from the start of the impact of the hammer on the anvil to the maximum deformation as the object of study, it is possible to obtain according to the impulse theorem:
∫Fdt＝mv (3-10)
f is the impact force of the impact hammer at any moment in the impact process; m is the mass of the punch hammer; v is the speed of the impact hammer at the moment of impact contact; t is any time during the impact.
from formulae (3-10) and (3-11):
according to the kinetic energy theorem, when the speed of the impact hammer reaches the maximum, the kinetic energy of the impact hammer is impact power, then:
a curve of the impact force versus the impact time is arbitrarily drawn, as shown in fig. 10, and:
F(t)＝Fmaxf(t) (3-14)
f (t) is the impact force at any moment; fmaxThe maximum impact force of the impact hammer; f (t) is the impact force of the impact hammer at any moment in the impact process when the maximum impact force is 1N.
From formulae (3-14) and (3-15):
since f (t) is maximumWhen the impact force is 1N, the impact force generated by the impact hammer at any moment in the impact process is required to generate the impact force with the maximum impact force of 1N, and the impact force must correspond to a certain determined height h without considering the falling energy loss. The falling height h is determined, so that the instantaneous speed of the hammer falling to contact the anvil is uniquely determined (obtained by momentum theorem)
). When the maximum impact force is 1N, the impact process can be obtained by impulse theorem:
∫f(t)dt＝mv' (3-18)
v' is the corresponding speed of the hammer at a maximum impact force of 1N, and can be obtained by the formulas (3-17) and (3-18):
the corresponding speed v' of the impact hammer when the maximum impact force is 1N, the mass m and the impact time t of the impact hammer are fixed values, and the order is as follows:
where k is also constant, this yields:
from formulae (3-13) and formulae (3-21), it is possible:
because k, t and m are all constants, the impact energy W and the maximum impact force can be obtained
In direct proportion.
By combining the two demonstration conclusions, the quadratic curve relationship between the impact energy and the maximum impact force can be obtained, and the relationship between the two is set as follows in consideration of the fact that the actual situation is not an ideal state:
in the formula, a, b and c are constants.
The piezoelectric quartz force sensor is calibrated, and the purpose of the sensor calibration is to find out the proportionality coefficient between the impact force and the impact power, namely constants a, b and c obtained from the above. The calibration method of the piezoelectric quartz force sensor comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that a special calibration device is adopted, firstly, a piezoelectric quartz force sensor is fixed, one end of a punch hammer is connected with a steel wire rope of the calibration device, the steel wire rope realizes the adjustment of the punch hammer at different heights through a pulley device, and the steel wire rope is directly loosened during impact; secondly, acquiring signals uploaded by the sensor through a data acquisition card; and finally, fitting a relation graph between the impact force and the impact power through a large amount of experimental data, and obtaining a corresponding coefficient to finish the calibration of the sensor. And (3) performing curve fitting on the two groups of data by using a least square method, and when the curve fitting by using the least square method is utilized, using the acquired discrete data as standard data and simultaneously using data on a fitting curve as data to be measured. And calculating the sum of squares of errors between the standard data and the data to be detected, wherein the smaller the sum of squares of errors is, the better the curve fitting effect is. The fitted curve can then predict the data for other unmeasured points. The data obtained by the impact hammer with the mass of 10.5kg from the free falling bodies with different heights are subjected to curve fitting through MATLAB software to obtain a curve of the relationship between the impact force and the impact energy, the experimental data are shown in figures 11 and 12, the obtained fitting graph is shown in figure 13, and the values of a, b and c in the formulae 2-23 can be obtained by combining the results of the fitting curve to finish the calibration of the sensor. And performing polynomial fitting on the data to obtain a value of 0.00005 for a, 0.098 for b and 5.0421 for c.
Impact frequency measurement mode:
the impact frequency is usually not measured directly, but rather indirectly. Acoustic wave methods and contact methods are common. The method adopts an indirect measurement mode, namely in the process of measuring the impact force, the impact frequency of the hydraulic impactor is calculated according to the frequency of the maximum impact force in unit time.
This technical scheme is to the problem that can't carry out quantitative test to gas drilling percussion power tool's impact force, percussion power and impact frequency among the prior art, adopts the rack device of laying signal acquisition unit 12, carries out quantitative test to gas drilling percussion power tool's impact force, percussion power and impact frequency, and through gathering the analysis to the parameter of measuring, has made things convenient for the later stage of test to gas drilling percussion power tool evaluation, analysis and improvement. According to the technical scheme, after the gas drilling impact power tool enters a working state, due to the fact that impact force is large, impact vibration to a testing system and a sensor is large, all parts form a whole through hard connection, a stable working environment is provided for the gas drilling impact power tool, specifically, an air inlet assembly 2 is directly connected to a screw thread of the gas drilling impact power tool, a pretightening force is formed between a tailstock assembly 3 and the gas drilling impact power tool through a position-adjustable screw rod 3.3, and therefore the gas drilling impact power tool is fixed in an installation frame body 4.3; during the test, the installation frame body 4.3 and the support base 1 are relatively fixed, and the support base 1 and the cement pier 10 are relatively fixed, so that the gas drilling impact power tool hammer is fixed on the installation frame body 4.3, the influence of the vibration of the rack on the test process can be reduced, the working environment of the gas drilling impact power tool is always stable, and the accuracy of the measured data is further ensured. According to the technical scheme, the installed motor is adopted to drive the tested tool 11, so that the key working parameters of the tested tool 11 at different rotating speeds are simulated, the main performances such as impact force, impact power and impact frequency and the like of the gas drilling impact power tool in operation under different working conditions are measured in real time, and the main performances can be visually displayed through the data processing unit. This technical scheme suitability is good, specifically accessible accommodate the gas drilling impact power tool of installing different length for accessible accommodate the lead screw 3.3 makes 4.3 inner space of installation support body, and the accessible changes the thread tightening 2.3.3 on the intake pipe 2.3 and detains the type (specifically for changing the intake pipe 2.3 that has different thread tightening 2.3 and detain the type) the multiple gas drilling impact power tool of adaptation, specifically, this technical scheme can test the air hammer that the diameter is 180 ~ 275mm and the air screw that the diameter is 172 ~ 245 mm.
Example 2
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in example 1, the signal acquisition unit may include four pressure transmitters, a flow sensor and a piezoelectric quartz force sensor, the flow sensor is used for measuring the output air volume of the air supply device, and the pressure transmitters cooperate with the piezoelectric quartz force sensor to acquire the impact force signal. Because the output signals of the piezoelectric quartz force sensor and the pressure transmitter are current signals of 4-20 mA, and the input signal of the data acquisition card selected by the system is a voltage signal, the signals acquired by the sensors are converted into voltage signals before entering the data acquisition card. According to the characteristics of each sensor, a signal converter of the pressure transmitter is an SOC-AV-1-1 signal converter, a piezoelectric quartz force sensor is an LC0201 signal conditioner, and the two signal converters (conditioners) can convert current signals into voltage signals and output the voltage signals. According to the above description, the flow sensor excitation voltage in the six sensors selected in this document is +24VDC, the four pressure sensors of the same specification need excitation voltages of +12 to +24VDC, and the corresponding excitation voltages of the signal converters are +24 VDC; the excitation voltage of the piezoelectric quartz force sensor is +18 to +30VDC, and the power supply voltage of the signal conditioner is +24 VDC. Since the actual supply voltage is 220V, a +24VDC power adapter is selected herein to provide the excitation voltage for each sensor and signal converter (conditioner). Because the working environment of the test bed is possibly severe, in order to protect each part and facilitate management, the signal conditioner, the data acquisition card and the power adapter are combined into a data acquisition box, and the structural block diagram of the data processing system is shown in the figure, and the structure of the data processing system is shown in fig. 14.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention, that is, in embodiment 1, a transmission assembly 4.2 is a gear assembly, and comprises a middle gear 4.2.2, and a driving gear 4.2.1 and a driven gear 4.2.3 which are respectively engaged with the middle gear 4.2.2, the middle gear 4.2.2 is rotatably connected with an installation frame body 4.3, the driving gear 4.2.1 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of a power motor 4.1, and the driven gear 4.2.3 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a stressed part 2.3.2 of an air inlet pipe 2.3. Or the transmission component 4.2 is a chain wheel component and comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft through shaft of the motor, the driven chain wheel is coaxially and fixedly connected with the stress part 2.3.2 of the air inlet pipe 2.3, and the driving chain wheel is in transmission connection with the driven chain wheel through the transmission chain.
This technical scheme has adopted the movable sprocket assembly of gear assembly, and two kinds of structures are all comparatively simple, easily realize, and can ensure the stable transmission of power.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention, that is, in embodiment 1, the top of an air inlet seat 2.1 and the top of a mounting seat 3.1 are respectively provided with a lifting ring 5, the lifting ring 5 comprises a connecting stud 5.1 and a ring body 5.2 fixedly connected with the top of the connecting stud 5.1, and the air inlet seat 2.1 and the mounting seat 3.1 are respectively provided with a thread groove for being matched with the connecting stud 5.1. The arrangement of the lifting ring 5 facilitates the movement and transportation of the test bench.
Furthermore, the positioning installation frame 1.1 is further provided with a side leaning support arm 6 for supporting and installing the rotating mechanism 4, when the piston resetting operation is carried out on the gas drilling impact power tool, the installation frame body 4.3 can lean against the side leaning support arm 6 in an inclined mode, the installation frame body 4.3 is prevented from excessively rotating together with the gas drilling impact power tool due to the fact that the operation is slipped, and the safety of the test operation is guaranteed.
Further, the air inlet channel 2.4 of the air inlet seat 2.1 is embedded with a sealing ring 2.7, the sealing ring 2.7 and the air inlet channel 2.4 are coaxially arranged, and the outer wall of the air receiving part 2.3.1 of the air inlet pipe 2.3 is elastically sealed with the inner wall of the air inlet channel 2.4 through the sealing ring 2.7. The influence of the air leakage of the air inlet assembly 2 on the reliability of air supply for the gas drilling impact power tool is prevented, and the accuracy of a test result is further ensured.
Example 5
The embodiment discloses a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention, that is, in embodiment 1, a wrench groove 7 for matching a wrench is arranged at an adjusting end of a screw rod 3.3, and a avoiding hole ii 4.3.2 for the wrench to pass through is coaxially arranged on an installation frame body 4.3 and the wrench groove 7. When the adjusting screw rod 3.3 is needed, a wrench can be used for penetrating the avoiding hole II 4.3.2 to be matched with the wrench groove 7, so that the adjusting screw rod 3.3 is easier and more convenient to operate, and sufficient pretightening force can be ensured between the tailstock assembly 3 and a gas drilling impact power tool.
Further, the air inlet assembly 2 further comprises an annular bearing pressure plate 2.5 for preventing the bearing piece 2.2 from moving axially and a compression bolt 2.6 for fixing the annular bearing pressure plate 2.5; annular bearing clamp plate 2.5 sets up with the bearing is coaxial, and a plurality of clamp bolt 2.6 sets up along annular bearing clamp plate 2.5's hoop equidistance interval. This structure has ensured bearing spare 2.2 at the inside stability of air inlet seat 2.1, has reduced the intensity requirement of relatively fixed between bearing spare 2.2 and the air inlet seat 2.1, has made things convenient for the dismantlement and the installation of bearing, promptly, makes the assembly of assembly 2 that admits air simpler.
Example 6
The embodiment discloses a test bench of a gas drilling impact power tool, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention, that is, in embodiment 1, the bottom of the mounting frame body 4.3 is provided with a connecting plate 4.4, the second support comprises a connecting shaft 1.3.2 and two lug plates 1.3.1 which are symmetrical to each other and fixedly connected with the positioning mounting frame 1.1, the connecting plate 4.4 is positioned between the two lug plates 1.3.1, the connecting shaft 1.3.2 penetrates through the connecting plate 4.4, and the connecting plate 4.4 is rotatably connected with the two lug plates 1.3.1 through the connecting shaft 1.3.2. The structure can bear the impact force of the gas drilling impact power tool and can meet the rotation requirement required by the installation frame body 4.3.
Further, an air inlet seat 2.1 of the air inlet assembly 2 is rotatably connected with an installation frame body 4.3 through a bolt and a pin shaft, the top and the bottom of the installation frame body 4.3 are respectively provided with a limiting cross beam 8, the limiting cross beam 8 is provided with two mutually symmetrical limiting roller assemblies 9 facing the inner side of the installation frame body 4.3, each limiting roller assembly 9 comprises a roller body 9.1, a roller shaft 9.2 and roller seats 9.3 arranged at two ends of the roller shaft 9.2, the roller seats 9.3 are fixedly connected with the limiting cross beam 8, the roller shafts 9.2 penetrate through the axle centers of the roller bodies 9.1, and the roller bodies 9.1 are rotatably connected with the roller seats 9.3 through the roller shafts 9.2. Spacing crossbeam 8 is used for preventing that gas drilling impact power tool breaks away from mount frame body 4.3 beyond during by the test, simultaneously for providing the space condition of installing spacing roller assembly 9, four spacing roller assembly 9 cooperate each other, can prevent effectively that gas drilling impact power tool from producing radial displacement during by the survey, the safety in utilization of this technical scheme has been ensured, the rotatable setting of assembly 2 admits air, installation space in the multiplicable mount frame body 4.3, be convenient for gas drilling impact power tool to put into or take out mount frame body 4.3.
Claims (10)
1. A test bench for a gas drilling percussion power tool, comprising: the device comprises a data processing system and a rack device, wherein the rack device comprises a supporting base (1), an air inlet assembly (2), a tailstock assembly (3) and a mounting rotating mechanism (4);
the data processing system comprises a signal acquisition unit (12) arranged on the rack device, and a signal transmission unit, a data integration unit and a data processing unit which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the signal acquisition unit (12) is electrically connected to the signal transmission unit;
the supporting base (1) comprises a positioning mounting frame (1.1) and a first supporting frame (1.2) and a second supporting frame (1.3) which are respectively fixed at the top of the positioning mounting frame (1.1);
the air inlet assembly (2) comprises an air inlet seat (2.1), a bearing piece (2.2) and an air inlet pipe (2.3); an air inlet channel (2.4) penetrates through the air inlet seat (2.1), and the bearing piece (2.2) is embedded in the air inlet seat (2.1) and is coaxially arranged with the air inlet channel (2.4); the air inlet pipe (2.3) comprises an air receiving part (2.3.1) and a force receiving part (2.3.2), the air receiving part (2.3.1) is positioned in the air inlet channel (2.4) and is rotationally connected with the air inlet seat (2.1) through a bearing piece (2.2), and the outer wall of the air receiving part (2.3.1) is tightly attached to the inner ring of the bearing piece (2.2) and the inner wall of the air inlet channel (2.4); the stress part (2.3.2) is provided with a thread button (2.3.3) which is in accordance with the thread button type of the tested tool (11);
the tailstock assembly (3) comprises a mounting seat (3.1), an impact block (3.2), a screw rod (3.3) and a sensor cushion block (3.4); an installation channel (3.5) penetrates through the interior of the installation seat (3.1), and the installation channel (3.5) comprises a smooth impact part and a thread positioning part; the impact block (3.2) comprises a force bearing part (3.2.1) and a force transmission column (3.2.2), one end of the force transmission column (3.2.2) is positioned in the smooth impact part and is fixedly connected with the sensor cushion block (3.4), and the outer wall of the force transmission column (3.2.2) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the smooth impact part; the other end of the force transmission column (3.2.2) is positioned outside the mounting channel (3.5) and is fixedly connected with the force bearing part (3.2.1); the screw rod (3.3) is in threaded connection with the mounting seat (3.1) through a threaded positioning part and comprises an adjusting end facing the outside of the mounting channel (3.5) and a force measuring end facing the sensor cushion block (3.4), and the signal acquisition unit (12) is arranged at the force measuring end of the screw rod (3.3);
the mounting and rotating mechanism (4) comprises a power motor (4.1), a transmission assembly (4.2) and a mounting frame body (4.3); the mounting frame body (4.3) is of a hollow cuboid structure with an open top, one end of the mounting frame body (4.3) is detachably arranged at the top of the first support and is detachably connected with the first support, and the other end of the mounting frame body (4.3) is rotatably connected with the second support; the air inlet assembly (2) is arranged at one end, close to the first support, in the mounting frame body (4.3); a mounting seat (3.1) of the tailstock assembly (3) is positioned at one end, close to the second support, in the mounting frame body (4.3), and the tailstock assembly (3) is fixedly connected with the mounting machine body through a pin shaft; the power motor (4.1) is positioned at the bottom of the mounting frame body (4.3) and is fixedly connected with the mounting frame body (4.3); the bottom of the mounting frame body (4.3) is provided with an avoiding hole I (4.3.1) for the transmission assembly (4.2) to pass through, and a rotating shaft of the power motor (4.1) is in transmission connection with a stress part (2.3.2) of the air inlet pipe (2.3) through the transmission assembly (4.2).
2. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the transmission assembly (4.2) is a gear assembly, and comprises an intermediate gear (4.2.2) and a driving gear (4.2.1) and a driven gear (4.2.3) which are respectively engaged with the intermediate gear (4.2.2), wherein the intermediate gear (4.2.2) is rotatably connected with the mounting frame body (4.3), the driving gear (4.2.1) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the power motor (4.1), and the driven gear (4.2.3) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a stress part (2.3.2) of the air inlet pipe (2.3).
3. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: drive assembly (4.2) is the sprocket subassembly, including drive sprocket, driven sprocket and drive chain, and drive sprocket leads to a fixed connection with the pivot of motor, driven sprocket and the coaxial fixed connection of atress portion (2.3.2) of intake pipe (2.3), and drive sprocket passes through the drive chain transmission with driven sprocket and is connected.
4. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the top of air inlet seat (2.1) and the top of mount pad (3.1) are provided with rings (5) respectively, and rings (5) including connecting stud (5.1) and with connecting stud (5.1) top fixed connection's ring body (5.2), be provided with respectively on air inlet seat (2.1) and mount pad (3.1) and be used for with connecting stud (5.1) complex thread groove.
5. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: and a side leaning support arm (6) for supporting and installing the rotating mechanism (4) is further arranged on the positioning installation frame (1.1).
6. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the air inlet seat is characterized in that a sealing ring (2.7) is embedded into an air inlet channel (2.4) of the air inlet seat (2.1), the sealing ring (2.7) and the air inlet channel (2.4) are coaxially arranged, and the air inlet pipe (2.3) is elastically sealed with the inner wall of the air inlet channel (2.4) through the sealing ring (2.7) on the outer wall of the air receiving part (2.3.1).
7. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting end of the screw rod (3.3) is provided with a wrench groove (7) used for being matched with a wrench, and an avoiding hole II (4.3.2) for the wrench to penetrate is coaxially arranged on the installation frame body (4.3) and the wrench groove (7).
8. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the air inlet assembly (2) further comprises an annular bearing pressure plate (2.5) for preventing the bearing piece (2.2) from moving axially and a compression bolt (2.6) for fixing the annular bearing pressure plate (2.5); annular bearing clamp plate (2.5) and the coaxial setting of bearing, a plurality of clamp bolt (2.6) set up along the annular equidistance interval of annular bearing clamp plate (2.5).
9. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a solar cell module, including installation support body (4.3), installation support body (4.3) bottom is provided with connecting plate (4.4), the second support including connecting axle (1.3.2) and two mutual symmetries and with positioning mounting bracket (1.1) fixed connection's otic placode (1.3.1), connecting plate (4.4) are in between two otic placodes (1.3.1), connecting axle (1.3.2) run through connecting plate (4.4), connecting plate (4.4) are connected with two otic placodes (1.3.1) rotation through connecting axle (1.3.2).
10. A test rig for a gas drilling percussion power tool according to claim 1, wherein: the air inlet seat (2.1) of the air inlet assembly (2) is rotatably connected with the installation frame body (4.3) through a bolt and a pin shaft, the top and the bottom of the installation frame body (4.3) are respectively provided with a limiting cross beam (8), the limiting cross beam (8) is provided with two mutually symmetrical limiting roller assemblies (9) facing the inner side of the installation frame body (4.3), each limiting roller assembly (9) comprises a roller body (9.1), a roller shaft (9.2) and roller seats (9.3) arranged at two ends of the roller shaft (9.2), the roller seats (9.3) are fixedly connected with the limiting cross beam (8), the roller shaft (9.2) penetrates through the axle center of the roller body (9.1), and the roller body (9.1) is rotatably connected with the roller seats (9.3) through the roller shaft (9.2).
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