CN103162983A - Evaluation device and evaluation method for air hammer performance - Google Patents
Evaluation device and evaluation method for air hammer performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN103162983A CN103162983A CN2013100533251A CN201310053325A CN103162983A CN 103162983 A CN103162983 A CN 103162983A CN 2013100533251 A CN2013100533251 A CN 2013100533251A CN 201310053325 A CN201310053325 A CN 201310053325A CN 103162983 A CN103162983 A CN 103162983A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an evaluation device and an evaluation method for air hammer performance. The device comprises an experiment frame, a drilling system, a drill core clamping device, a lifting system and a data collecting system. The method includes the steps of implementing an experiment for the air hammer working performance of different angles through establishing the air hammer experiment frame capable of adjusting angles and providing an air source, drilling pressure and rotating speed for an air hammer, implementing accurate monitoring for air hammer working status through the application of a wireless stress wave monitoring device, a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and an inclination angle gauge and the shooting of a high-speed camera, and evaluating the air hammer working performance through comparing injection pressure, drilling pressure, rotating speed and impacting frequency of the air hammer, drilling speed, impacting power, and the like under different working angles. The evaluation device and the evaluation method for the air hammer performance are reliable in principle and convenient to operate. In addition, the evaluation device and the evaluation method for the air hammer performance not only solve the problem that the air hammer performance is affected by angle changes, but also can evaluate the working performance of the air hammer under a variety of working conditions. Accordingly, the evaluation device and the evaluation method for the air hammer performance provides an experimental basis for theoretical research and structure optimization for the fact that the air hammer faces directional drilling and horizontal drilling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluating apparatus and evaluation method of the air forging hammer serviceability for using in petroleum drilling engineering, be used for to analyze the air forging hammer working mechanism, for its theoretical research and structure optimization provide experimental basis.
Background technology
When using gas underbalance well drilling in petroleum drilling engineering, using air forging hammer is a good solution as the vertical drilling mud motor, it has the slow-speed of revolution, little the pressure of the drill, drill tool life is long, rate of penetration is high, anti-oblique ability is strong technical characterstic, can creep into complexity, hard, easily tiltedly, obtain good economic benefit in high steep stratum.
In recent years, bore the development of orientation well, horizontal well technology along with gas, the applied technical field of air forging hammer is increasing.Yet traditional air forging hammer is good at perpendicular hole section effect based on vertically creeping into design, and the application in orientation well, horizontal well is restricted.It can not adapt to the application requirements that becomes increasingly complex, and is badly in need of structure is optimized.
Air forging hammer directed-drilling technique developing direction mainly contains two kinds at present: a kind of is to adopt to have the swinging air forging hammer directed-drilling technique that the down-hole rotary torque is provided from the air forging hammer self of revolute function, and another kind is to adopt the air screw motor that the air screw motro drivien air forging hammer directed-drilling technique of down-hole rotary torque is provided.These two developing direction have some patents to emerge in large numbers.And the emphasis point of these two kinds of technology all is how to allow air forging hammer be rotated, thereby can carry out positioning operation.The air forging hammer of its use is used for the hammer body of output ballistic work itself, has still continued to use initial based on the structure of vertically creeping into design.When air forging hammer is in heeling condition even during horizontality, its piston gravitional force does not have impact substantially on the impact energy of piston.Therefore the serviceability of the air forging hammer hammer body of this design will be subject to the impact at angle of inclination.The researcher has generally recognized this impact, and the concrete research of this respect also comparatively lacks.In orientation well, horizontal well creep into, also have the wall friction resistance excessive simultaneously, frictional resistance absorbs the pressure of the drill, the pressurization difficulty, and drilling tool is stressed more complicated, and wearing and tearing more seriously wait variety of issue.
In order to adapt to the demand that day by day increases, air forging hammer also needs to carry out some following fundamental researchs: 1) in order to carry out the optimal design of air forging hammer horizontal drilling, the air forging hammer performance is also lacked by the research of the impact of operating angle relatively.2) research of air forging hammer movement mechanism is perfect not enough, and air forging hammer is subjected to the change of the running parameters such as bleed pressure, the pressure of the drill, drilling speed, and the change of its rock breaking efficiency is not very clear.3) research of the rock breaking mechanism of air forging hammer lacks, and is directed to the stratum of different lithology, and its crushing effect is not very clear.4) be directed to the stratum of lithology of the same race, the change of rock core confined pressure is not very clear the impact of the crushing effect of air forging hammer.
In the application of air forging hammer, be badly in need of air forging hammer is carried out the research of theoretical and experimental stand.At present, also rarely has comparatively complete air forging hammer experimental provision both at home and abroad.Some research units have used methods such as digital simulation, simulating lab test to carry out some researchs.Oil Exploration in China development research institute had once carried out the ground stand test to the air forging hammer product of its development, blast consumption and air pressure that its main evaluation index is air forging hammer, and its fragmentation is to liking wood, test specification is narrower, method of testing is comparatively simple and easy, and its stand also is based on plumbness to be considered, does not carry out the experiment of heeling condition.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of evaluating apparatus of air forging hammer performance, this principle of device is reliable, easy to operate, by the acting in conjunction of drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS), the serviceability that has solved air forging hammer is subjected to the impact assessment problem of operating angle variation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide and utilize above-mentioned evaluating apparatus to carry out Appraising Methods on the serviceability of air forging hammer with the impact that angle changes, the serviceability that not only can effectively solve air forging hammer is subjected to the problem of the impact of operating angle variation, simultaneously can also carry out the variable working condition parameter to air forging hammer, become the experiment of rock confined pressure, thereby the serviceability of air forging hammer under various working conditions estimated, for air forging hammer provides necessary experimental result towards theoretical research and the structure optimization of inclination drilling and lateral drilling.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
The present invention carries out the air forging hammer serviceability experiment of different angles by setting up the air forging hammer experiment frame of adjustable-angle; By the serviceability experiment that provides the running parameters such as adjustable bleed pressure, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed to carry out air forging hammer to air forging hammer; By using artificial homogeneous rock core, thereby get rid of rock core to the interference of experimental result; By the stress wave monitoring equipment of wireless transmission, the shooting of high-speed camera, and displacement transducer, pressure transducer, torque sensor, the precise monitoring of air forging hammer duty is carried out in the utilization of angle of inclination instrument; By frequency of impact, drilling speed, the ballistic work size to the injection pressure under the different operating angle, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed and air forging hammer, bottom hole pattern, landwaste compares, thereby the air forging hammer serviceability is estimated.
A kind of evaluating apparatus of air forging hammer performance is comprised of experiment frame, drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS).
Described experiment frame comprises experiment frame support body, front axle and rear axle, and described experiment frame support body forms a work top by two sections back-to-back combinations of channel-section steel, is used for each appurtenances are installed, and can forms slide rail, slides for movable part.
Described drilling system comprises and adds the pressure of the drill cylinder, creeps into coaster and rotating mechanism, the described coaster that creeps into can slide along the slide rail of experiment frame support body, adding the pressure of the drill cylinder is fixed in the middle of the experiment frame support body, its piston end is connected to and creeps on coaster, by the air intake opening of adjusting cylinders and the pressure reduction between the gas outlet, promote coaster and move up and down along slide rail, when moving to assigned address, provide the pressure of the drill by cylinder being provided the gas of specified pressure.Described rotating mechanism connects swivel adapter head, swivel adapter head connects air forging hammer to be measured by the drilling rod short circuit again, rotating mechanism can provide rotating speed and moment of torsion for the air forging hammer drilling well, gas injection port from the air of compressor input from swivel adapter head enters drilling rod, for air forging hammer provides source of the gas, air forging hammer to be measured is connected with pneumatic hammer hammerhead, under the effect of drilling system, fractured rock is tested.
Described core holding unit is fixed on the experiment frame support body by the base of bottom, and afterbody is used for bearing axial impact with strengthening ridge.Rock core is housed in core holding unit, relative with pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured, core holding unit can apply confined pressure to the rock of clamping, thereby realizes that fixedly rock core is followed experiment frame change angle, prevents that rock core is cracked under impacting, applied the purpose that confined pressure changes experiment condition.
Described hoisting system comprises lifting frame column, elevating ram, with the lifting coaster peace mobile block of lockable mechanism, the translation coaster is also with lockable mechanism.The front axle of experiment frame is articulated on the lifting coaster, and rear axle is articulated on the translation coaster.When elevating ram promoted the rising of lifting coaster, experiment frame one end was lifted, and other end slide rail along the translation coaster under draw slides, and increases the angle of inclination thereby drag the experiment frame support body.In the time that angle need to being reduced, first remove lockable mechanism, under the acting in conjunction of manpower and deadweight, reduce the angle of inclination of experiment frame support body, allow whole experiment frame translation-angle within 0 to 90 degree, and frame anti-dress end to end by experiment, make experiment frame at 90 degree to any translation-angle between 180 degree.
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises injection pressure sensor, wireless stress wave monitor, angle of inclination instrument, displacement transducer and the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, described injection pressure sensor is positioned on gas injection port on swivel adapter head, and described wireless stress wave monitor is attached on the drilling rod short circuit.Described angle of inclination instrument, displacement transducer all are positioned on the experiment frame support body, and described the pressure of the drill pressure transducer is positioned at and adds on the pressure of the drill cylinder, and this three is respectively used to measure the operating angle of air forging hammer, drilling speed and the pressure of the drill of air forging hammer.
Utilize above-mentioned evaluating apparatus to carry out Appraising Methods on the serviceability of air forging hammer with the impact that angle changes, comprise the following steps successively:
1) air forging hammer to be measured and artificial homogeneous rock core are placed on the experiment frame support body, the experiment frame support body is tilted to certain angle;
2) input the gases at high pressure of certain pressure to air forging hammer to be measured, and with certain rotating speed rotation, make air forging hammer be in state to be crept into, real time record its input pressure value and rotating speed;
3) mobile air forging hammer makes it contact with testing rock core, and broken rock core, continues to provide a certain size the pressure of the drill to air forging hammer, its force value of real time record;
4) in the process of air forging hammer fractured rock, aim at pneumatic hammer hammerhead with high-speed camera simultaneously and take;
5) operating angle of air forging hammer is measured by the angle of inclination instrument, injecting gas pressure is by the injection pressure Sensor monitoring, the pressure of the drill is measured by the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, the rotating speed of air forging hammer converts by the electric machine frequency to rotating mechanism and obtains, the drilling speed of air forging hammer passes through displacement sensor, the ballistic work of air forging hammer by to wireless stress wave monitor monitors to the stress wave data convert and obtain, analyze by the record to high-speed camera, the time that measurable certain jig frequency consumes, draw the air forging hammer frequency of impact;
6) when displacement transducer show air forging hammer fractured rock reach designated length, stop experiment, preserve the stress wave data in experimentation, high-speed camera image, and the data of every sensor, and take off rock core are collected landwaste;
7) readjust the angle of inclination of experiment frame, the rock core that more renews, repeat experiment, frequency of impact, drilling speed, the ballistic work size of operating angle, injection pressure, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed and the air forging hammer of twice experiment are compared, can compare the serviceability of air forging hammer under these two kinds of angles.
Further by the experiment of multiple angles, can estimate with the impact that angle changes the air forging hammer serviceability.
The landwaste that the different operating angle forms is analyzed, observed the landwaste size, analyze chips size, to estimate air forging hammer when this duty is used, whether can its landwaste size discharge smoothly, can exert an influence to drilling operation.
The bottom hole pattern that the different operating angle forms is analyzed, observed hammer tooth hole, shaft bottom size, borehole wall smoothness and borehole wall hammer tooth scratch, to estimate air forging hammer when this duty is used, whether can exert an influence to the tup wearing and tearing.
The present invention further comprises, uses this device and method, carries out the broken rock experiment of air forging hammer by parameters such as change the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, operating air pressures, thereby the rock breaking efficiency of air forging hammer under different duty parameters estimated.
The present invention further comprises, uses this device and method, by changing different rock cores, carries out the broken rock experiment of air forging hammer under certain condition of work, thereby estimates the rock breaking efficiency that air forging hammer is directed to different rock cores.
The present invention further comprises, use this device and method, by using core holding unit to apply different confined pressures to the rock core of same lithology, carry out the broken rock experiment of air forging hammer under certain condition of work, thereby estimate the air forging hammer rock breaking efficiency under different confined pressure conditions.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of evaluating apparatus of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the agent structure schematic diagram of evaluating apparatus of the present invention
in figure: 1, the lifting frame column, 2, the injection pressure sensor, 3, front axle, 4, creep into coaster, 5, elevating ram, 6, lifting coaster with lockable mechanism, 7, rotating mechanism, 8, swivel adapter head, 9, the drilling rod short circuit, 10, wireless stress wave monitor, 11, the experiment frame support body, 12, air forging hammer to be measured, 13, add the pressure of the drill cylinder, 14, pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured, 15, core holding unit, 16, strengthen ridge, 17, the translation coaster, 18, lockable mechanism, 19, slide rail, 20, the angle of inclination instrument, 21, displacement transducer, 22, the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, 23, the core holding unit base, 24, rear axle.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
A kind of evaluating apparatus of air forging hammer performance is comprised of experiment frame, drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS).
Described experiment frame comprises experiment frame support body 11, front axle 3 and rear axle 24, and described experiment frame support body forms slide rail by two sections back-to-back combinations of channel-section steel.
Described drilling system comprises and adds the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, creeps into coaster 4 and rotating mechanism 7, and the described the pressure of the drill cylinder 13 that adds is fixed in the middle of experiment frame support body 11, and its piston end connects and creeps into coaster 4, and the described coaster 4 that creeps into can slide along the slide rail of experiment frame support body; Described rotating mechanism 7 connects swivel adapter head 8, and swivel adapter head connects air forging hammer 12 to be measured by drilling rod short circuit 9 again, and air forging hammer to be measured is connected with pneumatic hammer hammerhead 14 to be measured.
Described core holding unit 15 is fixed on experiment frame support body 11 by its base 23, and its afterbody is equipped with rock core with strengthening ridge 16 in core holding unit, relative with pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured.
Described hoisting system comprises lifting frame column 1, elevating ram 5, with the peaceful mobile block 17 of the lifting coaster 6 of lockable mechanism, the translation coaster is with lockable mechanism 18; The front axle 3 of experiment frame is articulated on the lifting coaster, and rear axle 24 is articulated on the translation coaster, and when elevating ram promoted the rising of lifting coaster, experiment frame slide rail 19 along the translation coaster under draw slided.
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises injection pressure sensor 2, wireless stress wave monitor 10, angle of inclination instrument 20, displacement transducer 21, the pressure of the drill pressure transducer 22, described injection pressure sensor 2 is positioned on the gas injection port of swivel adapter head 8, and described wireless stress wave monitor 10 is attached on drilling rod short circuit 9.Described angle of inclination instrument 20, displacement transducer 21 all are positioned on experiment frame support body 11, and described the pressure of the drill pressure transducer 22 is positioned at and adds on the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, and this three is respectively used to measure the operating angle of air forging hammer, drilling speed and the pressure of the drill of air forging hammer.
If contrast air forging hammer in the serviceability of 20 ° and 80 °, its embodiment is:
1) air forging hammer 12 to be measured is connected pneumatic hammer hammerhead 14, and be connected on drill pipe nipple 9, rock core is packed in core holding unit 15, and clamp;
2) start oil pump and pump into hydraulic oil in elevating ram 5, rise thereby promote lifting coaster 6, when angle of inclination instrument 20 is shown as 20 °, use locking system that the experiment frame support body is fixed on this angle;
3) open rotating mechanism 7, provide certain moment of torsion and drilling speed to air forging hammer 12 to be measured, use air compressor machine to pass through swivel adapter head 8 to air forging hammer air feed to be measured, air forging hammer is in treats starting state;
4) controller is allocated to drive shift, creeps into coaster 4 and move forward to adding the gas that passes into certain pressure in the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, making, pneumatic hammer hammerhead 14 is pressed on tested rock core, make 12 punchings of air forging hammer to be measured, begin broken rock core;
5) operating angle of air forging hammer is measured by angle of inclination instrument 20, injecting gas pressure is by 2 monitorings of injection pressure sensor, the pressure of the drill is measured by the pressure of the drill pressure transducer 22, the rotating speed of air forging hammer converts by the electric machine frequency to rotating mechanism and obtains, analyze by the record to high-speed camera, measure the time that certain jig frequency consumes, draw the air forging hammer frequency of impact, the drilling speed of air forging hammer is measured by displacement transducer 21, and the ballistic work of air forging hammer converts by the stress wave data that wireless stress wave monitor 10 is monitored and tries to achieve;
6) when displacement transducer show air forging hammer fractured rock reach certain-length, suspend experiment, controller is allocated to retreats shelves, creep into coaster 4 and move backward to adding the gas that oppositely passes into certain pressure in the pressure of the drill cylinder 13, making, get back to original position, preserve the stress wave data in this experimentation, high-speed camera image, and the data of every sensor, and take off rock core, collect landwaste;
7) start oil pump and pump into hydraulic oil in elevating ram, rise thereby promote lifting coaster 6, when the angle of inclination instrument is shown as 80 °, use locking system that experiment frame is fixed on this angle, the rock core that more renews repeats above step;
8) frequency of impact, drilling speed, the ballistic work size with operating angle, injection pressure, the pressure of the drill, rotating speed and the air forging hammer of twice experiment compares, and can estimate with the impact that angle changes the air forging hammer serviceability.
Utilize this evaluation method, can also carry out multiple air forging hammer serviceability contrast experiment:
When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different duty parameters, only need by changing the duty parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, injection pressure, drilling speed, stress wave data, bottom hole pattern, landwaste that experiment is obtained compare, and can estimate the impact of air forging hammer serviceability different duty parameters.
When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different lithology, only the artificial average rock core that participates in test need to be replaced by the different rock cores such as actual grouan, mud stone, sandstone, drilling speed, stress wave data, bottom hole pattern, landwaste that experiment is obtained compare, and can estimate the impact of air forging hammer serviceability different lithology.
When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different confined pressures, only need to by change core holding unit to participate in that testing rock core applies the confined pressure size, drilling speed, stress wave data, bottom hole pattern, landwaste that experiment is obtained compare, and can estimate the impact of air forging hammer serviceability different confined pressures.
Claims (3)
1. the evaluating apparatus of an air forging hammer performance, formed by experiment frame, drilling system, core holding unit, hoisting system, data acquisition system (DAS), it is characterized in that, described experiment frame comprises experiment frame support body (11), front axle (3) and rear axle (24), described experiment frame support body forms slide rail by two sections back-to-back combinations of channel-section steel; Described drilling system comprises and adds the pressure of the drill cylinder (13), creeps into coaster (4) and rotating mechanism (7), the described the pressure of the drill cylinder (13) that adds is fixed in the middle of experiment frame support body (11), coaster (4) is crept in its piston end connection, the described coaster (4) that creeps into can slide along the slide rail of experiment frame support body, described rotating mechanism (7) connects swivel adapter head (8), and swivel adapter head connects air forging hammer to be measured (12) by drilling rod short circuit (9) again; Described core holding unit (15) is fixed on experiment frame support body (11) by its base (23), and its afterbody is equipped with rock core with strengthening ridge (16) in core holding unit, relative with pneumatic hammer hammerhead to be measured (14); Described hoisting system comprises lifting frame column (1), elevating ram (5), with the peaceful mobile block of lifting coaster (6) (17) of lockable mechanism, the front axle of described experiment frame (3) is articulated on the lifting coaster, rear axle (24) is articulated on the translation coaster; Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises injection pressure sensor (2), wireless stress wave monitor (10), angle of inclination instrument (20), displacement transducer (21), the pressure of the drill pressure transducer (22), described injection pressure sensor (2) is positioned on the gas injection port of swivel adapter head (8), described wireless stress wave monitor (10) is attached on drilling rod short circuit (9), described angle of inclination instrument (20), displacement transducer (21) all are positioned on experiment frame support body (11), and described the pressure of the drill pressure transducer (22) is positioned at and adds on the pressure of the drill cylinder (13).
2. utilize device claimed in claim 1 to carry out Appraising Methods on the serviceability of air forging hammer with the impact that angle changes, comprise the following steps successively:
1) air forging hammer to be measured and artificial homogeneous rock core are placed on the experiment frame support body, the experiment frame support body is tilted to certain angle;
2) input the gases at high pressure of certain pressure to air forging hammer to be measured, and with certain rotating speed rotation, make air forging hammer be in state to be crept into, real time record its input pressure value and rotating speed;
3) mobile air forging hammer makes it contact with testing rock core, and broken rock core, continues to provide a certain size the pressure of the drill to air forging hammer, its force value of real time record;
4) in the process of air forging hammer fractured rock, aim at pneumatic hammer hammerhead with high-speed camera simultaneously and take;
5) operating angle of air forging hammer is measured by the angle of inclination instrument, injecting gas pressure is by the injection pressure Sensor monitoring, the pressure of the drill is measured by the pressure of the drill pressure transducer, the rotating speed of air forging hammer converts by the electric machine frequency to rotating mechanism and obtains, the drilling speed of air forging hammer passes through displacement sensor, the ballistic work of air forging hammer by to wireless stress wave monitor monitors to the stress wave data convert and obtain, analyze by the record to high-speed camera, the time that measurable certain jig frequency consumes, draw the air forging hammer frequency of impact;
6) when displacement transducer show air forging hammer fractured rock reach designated length, stop experiment;
7) readjust the angle of inclination of experiment frame, the rock core that more renews repeats experiment, can estimate with the impact that angle changes the air forging hammer serviceability.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different duty parameters, changes the duty parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, injection pressure; When carrying out the air forging hammer serviceability contrast of different lithology, rock core is replaced by the different rock cores such as grouan, mud stone, sandstone; When air forging hammer serviceability when contrast of carrying out different confined pressures, change core holding unit to rock core apply the confined pressure size, just can estimate the impact of air forging hammer serviceability above-mentioned factor.
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