CN114568270B - Irrigation method of alternative irrigation system for near-far root zone - Google Patents
Irrigation method of alternative irrigation system for near-far root zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568270B CN114568270B CN202210405076.7A CN202210405076A CN114568270B CN 114568270 B CN114568270 B CN 114568270B CN 202210405076 A CN202210405076 A CN 202210405076A CN 114568270 B CN114568270 B CN 114568270B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention provides an irrigation method of an alternative irrigation system in a far and near root zone, which comprises the following steps of planting crops; laying equipment, namely arranging and embedding the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe in a planting hole in a vortex line manner, wherein the geometric circle center of the drip irrigation pipe is superposed with the planting center of crops; dividing root areas, namely dividing the root system into a near root area and a far root area on a horizontal area, calling the root system close to the center of a root disc as the near root area, calling the root system far away from the center of the root disc as the far root area, inserting a drip irrigation pipe into a drip irrigation device for water, fertilizer and gas irrigation, and acquiring the water content of a corresponding wet point by using a soil probe; step four: dry-wet definition, namely taking the average soil moisture content detected by a soil probe in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone; step five: alternately irrigating the root regions far away from the root regions. The invention divides the root system of the crop into the near root zone and the far root zone, and alternately carries out drip irrigation on the near root zone and the far root zone, thereby achieving the effects of high efficiency, water saving, no sacrifice of the photosynthetic product of the crop and ensuring sufficient and uniform irrigation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to an irrigation method of an alternative irrigation system in a near-far root zone.
Background
The alternate irrigation of the root zones, also called controlled root zone alternate irrigation, is an irrigation mode that some root zones are normally irrigated alternately in some or all growth periods of plants and the rest root zones are artificially stressed by water.
At present, much research is carried out on alternate drip irrigation of a root zone, and due to the limitation of alternate irrigation facilities of the root zone, the division mode of the root zone is mainly divided into 1/2 of the division mode, and the root zone is only divided into the left side and the right side. For some plants with unevenly distributed root systems and large water demand, the problem of uneven and insufficient irrigation exists when root division areas are alternately irrigated from the left side and the right side of the root system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an irrigation method of a far and near root zone alternate irrigation system, which divides a crop root system into a far root zone and a near root zone, and drip-irrigates the far and near root zones alternately through a water-fertilizer-gas integrated drip irrigation system, so that the problems of uneven and insufficient irrigation are solved effectively.
The invention provides an irrigation method of an alternate irrigation system of a near-far root zone, which comprises the following steps:
planting crops
When planting, deeply planting the crops to 30-40cm depth, and improving the lodging resistance of the crops.
Step two, equipment laying
Arranging and embedding the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe in a spiral line in a planting hole, wherein the geometric circle center of the drip irrigation pipe is superposed with the planting center of the crops, and the root systems of the crops are all tied to the soil layer under the drip irrigation pipe in the vertical direction during embedding;
step three, dividing root zone
Dividing the root system into near and far root zones on a horizontal area, wherein the root system close to the center of a root disc is called a near root zone, and the root system far away from the center of the root disc is called a far root zone; dividing the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into a plurality of circle areas by using a radial partitioning method, wherein each circle of vortex line corresponds to one circle area, sequencing the circle areas from inside to outside, sequentially forming a 1 st circle area, a 2 nd circle area, a 3 rd circle area, a 4 th circle area and a 5 th circle area, punching holes in each circle area at equal intervals, inserting a plurality of drip irrigation devices, and allowing each drip irrigation device to perform water, fertilizer and gas irrigation and contain a soil probe to obtain the water content of a corresponding wet point;
step four: definition of Dry and Wet
Taking the average soil moisture content detected by all the soil probes in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, and expressing the average soil moisture content by E;
(1) A drying area: when the E is less than a, the soil in the area is determined to be dry soil, wherein a is an upper limit value of drought stress, when the water content of the soil is lower than the upper limit value, the root system generates drought stress effect, the value is determined by the type of crops, and is generally 25-40%;
(2) A wet area: when E is greater than c, the soil in the area is determined to be wet soil, wherein the c value is the optimal soil moisture content for root growth and is determined by the type of crops, and the soil moisture content is generally 55-85%;
(3) When E is less than b, determining that the water loss of the drying area is serious and influences the normal growth of crops, wherein b is a lower limit value of drought stress, the root system cannot grow normally when the water content of the soil is lower than the lower limit value, the value is determined by the type of the crops and is generally 15% -20%;
step five: alternate irrigation of distant and near root zones
The specific process is as follows:
s1, setting drip irrigation emitters of the same root zone to execute the same irrigation decision;
s2, all the soil probes acquire the average soil moisture content E of the root zone in real time every day;
s3, a system is arranged in a root area (corresponding to the 2 nd circle area) as a wet area, a root area (corresponding to the 5 th circle area) is arranged in a dry area, and water and fertilizer transversely permeate into the adjacent 3 rd circle area and the 4 th circle area as semi-wet areas;
s4, when detecting that E < a of the wetting area, opening a drip irrigation emitter valve of the wetting area to irrigate with water, fertilizer and gas; when detecting that E > c of the wet area, closing the drip irrigation emitter valve and ending irrigation;
s5, when the E < b of the dry area is detected, the system replaces the dry area and the wet area on the next day;
and S6, returning to S4, and repeatedly executing the steps S4-S6, so that the drying alternately occurs between the distant root zone and the near root zone.
Furthermore, in the step one, the crop stems need to be placed in the center of the planting holes, and drip irrigation pipes are buried in the positions with the depth of 10cm reserved when soil is filled.
And furthermore, after the equipment is laid in the step two, other drip irrigation facilities are installed, and a drip irrigation system is debugged.
Furthermore, the corresponding of the middle circle area in the third step is flexibly selected and switched according to the growth condition of the root system, when the root system is in the initial growth stage, the 1 st circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 3 rd circle area corresponds to the far root area; when the root system grows in the middle stage, the 2 nd circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 4 th circle area corresponds to the far root area; when the root system is in the growth and maturation stage, the root disk is larger, the 2 nd circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 5 th circle area corresponds to the far root area.
Further, drip irrigation the pipe and be close to the one end at root dish center is installed and is sealed the end cap, drip irrigation the pipe and keep away from the one end at root dish center is connected with liquid gas integrated device, drip irrigation emitter installs drip irrigation on the pipe, install on drip irrigation emitter's the bottom surface soil probe.
Further, drip irrigation the pipe and include drip tube and irritate the trachea, liquid gas integrated device include with the filter that the drip tube is connected and with the intake pipe that irritates the trachea and connect, the filter is kept away from be connected with the feed liquor pipe on the terminal surface of drip tube, the feed liquor pipe with the intake pipe passes through pressure type pneumatic valve and is connected.
Furthermore, one end of the air inlet pipe, which is far away from the air filling pipe, is sequentially connected with a pressurization air pump, a micro-nano bubble generator and a gas tank, and a gas electromagnetic valve is arranged between the air inlet pipe and the pressurization air pump.
Furthermore, one end of the liquid inlet pipe, which is far away from the filter, is connected with a liquid-fertilizer-liquid integrated machine, and a water electromagnetic valve is arranged between the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid-fertilizer-liquid integrated machine.
Further, the drip irrigation emitter comprises a flow control valve communicated with the air filling pipe through an air guide pipe, the flow control valve is close to a liquid guide pipe communicated with the liquid dropping pipe and arranged on the vortex line type liquid dropping pipe, a capillary is arranged on the side face of the flow control valve, and one end, far away from the flow control valve, of the capillary is connected with a water dropper.
Further, an intelligent control system is included, and the intelligent control system controls the on-off of the water solenoid valve and the gas solenoid valve so as to provide water fertilizer liquid and gas for the drip irrigation device; the intelligent control system receives a detection signal of the soil probe to acquire soil information; and the intelligent control system makes a root-zone alternate irrigation strategy according to the irrigation requirement and sends out an execution signal.
The drip irrigation pipe is sufficiently and uniformly irrigated, is arranged along the main root of the plant from inside to outside in a vortex line, ensures that drip irrigation is alternately carried out on the root regions far away and near, and achieves the effects of efficiently saving water and not sacrificing the photosynthetic products of the crops.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the drip irrigation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic view of the drip irrigation tube coil of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the drip irrigation device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the drip irrigation emitter of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
in the figure: 1-liquid inlet pipe, 2-filter, 3-vortex line type drip pipe, 4-drip irrigation device, 5-air filling hole, 6-drip hole, 7-pressure type air valve, 8-air inlet pipe, 9-vortex line type air filling pipe, 10-sealing water gap plug, 11-sealing air gap plug, 12-capillary pipe, 13-water dropper, 14-drip arrow, 15-air guide pipe, 16-flow control valve and 17-soil probe;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4:
the embodiment provides an irrigation method of an alternative irrigation system for a root zone and a root zone, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
planting crops, namely deeply planting the crops by 30-40cm to improve the lodging resistance of the crops, placing crop stems in the center of a planting hole, and reserving a water-fertilizer-gas integrated drip irrigation pipe at a depth of about 10cm when filling soil;
laying equipment, namely embedding the vortex-shaped line-type drip irrigation pipe in a planting hole, wherein the geometric circle center of the vortex-shaped line-type drip irrigation pipe is overlapped with the planting center and is about 10cm away from the ground surface, ensuring that the root systems of the crops are all tied in a short distance in the vertical direction under a soil layer of the drip irrigation emitter 4 during embedding, installing other drip irrigation facilities after embedding is finished, and debugging a drip irrigation system;
dividing root zones, namely calling the root system close to the center of the root disk as a near root zone, and calling the root system far away from the center of the root disk as a far root zone;
as shown in fig. 2, the drip irrigation pipe is divided into five circle areas by using a radial partitioning method, each circle of vortex line corresponds to one circle area, the circle areas are sequentially arranged from inside to outside and are a 1 st circle area, a 2 nd circle area, a 3 rd circle area, a 4 th circle area and a 5 th circle area, each circle area is perforated at equal intervals, drip irrigation devices 4 are inserted, each drip irrigation device 4 can perform water-fertilizer-gas irrigation, and a soil probe 17 is contained to obtain the moisture content of the corresponding wet point.
The corresponding of the circle areas is flexibly selected and switched according to the growth condition of the root system, when the root system is in the initial growth stage, the 1 st circle area corresponds to a near root area, and the 3 rd circle area corresponds to a far root area; when the root system grows in the middle stage, the 2 nd circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 4 th circle area corresponds to the far root area; when the root system is in the growth and maturity stage, the root disk is larger, the 2 nd circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 5 th circle area corresponds to the far root area.
Step four, dry-wet partition definition, namely taking the average soil moisture content detected by the soil probes 17 of all the drip irrigation emitters 4 in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, and expressing the average soil moisture content as the soil moisture content of the root zone by E;
(1) A drying area: when E < a, the soil in the area is determined to be dry soil. Wherein a is the upper limit value of drought stress, when the water content of the soil is lower than the upper limit value, the root system generates drought stress effect, the value is determined by the type of crops, and is generally 25-40%;
(2) A wet area: when E > c, the soil in the area is considered to be wet soil. Wherein the c value is the optimal soil water content for root growth, is determined by the crop type and is generally 55-85%;
(3) When E < b, the drying zone is considered to lose water seriously, which will affect the normal growth of crops. Wherein b is a drought stress lower limit value, the root system can not normally grow when the soil water content is lower than the drought stress lower limit value, the value is determined by the crop type and is generally 15-20%;
fifthly, alternately irrigating the root zones far away from and near the root zones, and flexibly selecting and switching the corresponding ring zones according to the growth condition of the root system;
the normal water, fertilizer and air drip irrigation strategy is alternately executed by controlling two circle areas of the drip irrigation pipe, so that the far root area and the near root area are alternately dry and are stressed by drought, and taking the root system in the mature period as an example, the drip irrigation process is as follows:
s1, setting drip irrigation devices 4 in the same root zone to execute the same irrigation decision;
s2, acquiring the average soil moisture content E of the root zone by the soil probes 17 of all the drip irrigation emitters 4 in real time every day;
s3, arranging a system to enable a near root zone (corresponding to the 2 nd circle zone) to be a wet zone and enable a far root zone (corresponding to the 5 th circle zone) to be a dry zone, and enabling water and fertilizer to transversely permeate into the adjacent 3 rd circle zone and the adjacent 4 th circle zone to be semi-wet zones;
and S4, when the E of the wet area is less than a, opening a valve of the drip irrigation emitter 4 of the wet area to irrigate with water, fertilizer and gas. When the E > c of the wet area is larger than the C, the valve of the drip irrigation emitter 4 is closed, and irrigation is finished;
s5, when the E < b of the dry area is detected, the system replaces the dry area and the wet area on the next day;
and S6, returning to S4, and repeatedly executing the steps S4-S6. Thereby causing alternate desiccation between the distal and proximal root regions.
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides an alternate drip irrigation system for root zone of plants, which includes drip irrigation tubes arranged along the main root of the plant as a circle center from inside to outside in a spiral line, and a plurality of drip irrigation devices 4 connected to the drip irrigation tubes are installed on the drip irrigation tubes.
Drip irrigation the pipe and include the vortex line formula dropping liquid pipe 3 and install the vortex line formula on the 3 outer walls of vortex line formula dropping liquid pipe and irritate trachea 9, seted up a plurality of drip holes 6 on the vortex line formula dropping liquid pipe 3, seted up on the vortex line formula irritates the trachea 9 and irritate the gas hole 5 that corresponds with drip hole 6.
One end of the drip irrigation pipe, which is far away from the main crop root, is connected with a liquid-gas integrated device, and one end of the drip irrigation pipe, which is close to the main crop root, is sealed and blocked by a sealing water gap plug 10 and a sealing gas gap plug 11.
Liquid-gas integrated device includes filter 2, feed liquor pipe 1 and intake pipe 8, and 2 tops of filter and feed liquor pipe 1 intercommunication, feed liquor pipe 1 and intake pipe 8 pass through pressure type pneumatic valve 7 to be connected, and filter 2 can filter the impurity in the liquid manure liquid and deposit, prevents that drip irrigation emitter 4's dripper 13 from blockking up.
The pressure type air valve 7 has the function that when the gas in the gas inlet pipe 8 reaches a certain pressure, the gas can be communicated in one way, so that the gas enters the liquid inlet pipe 1, and the liquid manure in the liquid inlet pipe 1 can be prevented from flowing back to the gas inlet pipe 8
The mouth of pipe that filter 2 was kept away from to feed liquor pipe 1 is connected with raw materials feeding device, selects liquid manure liquid integration machine as raw materials feeding device in this embodiment, mixes water and fertilizer, provides in the liquid gas integration device, passes through for water solenoid valve control connection between feed liquor pipe 1 and the liquid manure liquid integration machine.
The liquid manure liquid integration machine can provide the liquid manure liquid of different ratios for driping irrigation the device according to the irrigation demand, and it is worth mentioning that, when liquid manure liquid ratio is 1.
The water-fertilizer-liquid integrated machine in the embodiment is a common device, and is not described herein.
The pipe orifice of the air inlet pipe 8 close to the pressure type air valve 7 is connected with an air tank storing air required by air irrigation, and the pipe orifice of the air inlet pipe 8 far away from the air tank is connected with a vortex line type air filling pipe 9.
A connecting pipeline of the gas tank and the gas inlet pipe 8 is provided with a micro-nano bubble generator and a pressurizing air pump, and the gas tank is sequentially connected with the micro-nano bubble generator, a gas electromagnetic valve, the pressurizing air pump and the gas inlet pipe 8.
Micro-nano bubble generator can turn into the gas of gas tank micro-nano bubble output, and rethread boosting air pump carries out the pressure boost with micro-nano bubble and handles, and the boosting air pump has a plurality of gears, can adjust the pressure of output gas.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the drip irrigation emitter 4 comprises a flow control valve 16 communicated with an air filling hole 5 through an air duct 15, a liquid guide pipe communicated with a liquid dropping hole 6 is arranged at a position, close to the vortex-shaped linear liquid dropping pipe 3, of the flow control valve 16, a capillary 12 communicated with the flow control valve 16 is installed on the side face of the flow control valve 16, one end, far away from the flow control valve 16, of the capillary 12 is connected with a dripper 13 of a conical structure, the dripper 13 uniformly and stably sends water, fertilizer and air to a root area, dripper 13 is detachably connected with a dripper arrow 14, and a soil probe 17 is installed at the bottom of the flow control valve 16.
A valve device consisting of a water valve, an air valve and a control module is arranged in the flow control valve 16. In operation, liquid manure or gas manure flows from the liquid guide tube to the outlet through the water valve, and gas flows from the gas guide tube 15 to the outlet through the gas valve, both of which flow from the outlet to the dripper 13 through the capillary 12. A control module, characterized in that: which can receive control signals of the intelligent control system to execute irrigation decisions. The irrigation control device is characterized in that whether water, fertilizer and gas are irrigated or not is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of a valve, the flow rate of drip irrigation is controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the switch, and the duration of drip irrigation is controlled by controlling the opening and closing time of the switch.
The probe is electrically connected with the control module of the drip irrigation emitter 4, can collect soil information such as soil temperature and humidity, PH value and the like, and feeds back the information to the intelligent control system through wireless transmission.
The flexible switching of four drip irrigation schemes of water, gas, water fertilizer liquid and water fertilizer gas can be realized by controlling the on-off of the gas valve and the water valve, so that the water, fertilizer, gas and heat are conveyed to the root zone according to the requirement of crops. It is worth mentioning that after the drip irrigation is finished, a stream of gas with larger pressure intensity is introduced into the dripper 13, so that the soil environment (such as permeability) can be improved, and the dripper 13 can be prevented from being blocked by soil or root systems.
The device is also provided with an intelligent control system and is characterized in that the switch of the electromagnetic valve for water is controlled so as to provide water and fertilizer liquid for the drip irrigation device; controlling the switch of the gas solenoid valve to supply gas for the drip irrigation device; receiving a detection signal of the soil probe 17 to acquire soil information; and according to the irrigation requirements, making a root zone alternate irrigation strategy and sending out an execution signal.
The drip irrigation process of the alternative drip irrigation system in the root zone is shown in fig. 4, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the average soil moisture content of the root zone by the soil probes 17 of all the drip irrigation emitters 4 in real time every day, and providing an irrigation instruction for the water-fertilizer-gas root zone alternate irrigation system.
S2, according to the requirements of water and fertilizer irrigation, preparing water and fertilizer liquid required by a water and fertilizer liquid integrated machine preparation object and outputting the water and fertilizer liquid; the micro-nano bubble generator works to convert the gas in the gas tank into micro-nano bubbles to be output; the pressurizing air pump pressurizes the passing air, so that the air pressure is higher than the working threshold of the pressure type air valve 7, and if heat preservation and root cultivation are needed, the introduced air can be subjected to heating treatment, so that the ventilation has the functions of heat preservation and cold resistance.
And S3, opening the electromagnetic valve for water, opening the electromagnetic valve for gas, and simultaneously introducing the water fertilizer liquid and the gas into the liquid-gas integrated device.
S4, allowing the water fertilizer liquid to flow to the liquid inlet pipe 1 from the water electromagnetic valve, and then to flow to the filter 2 through the stirrer at the position close to the filter 2 in the liquid inlet pipe 1, so as to further filter impurities; the gas flows through the gas solenoid valve to the gas inlet pipe 8.
And S5, opening the pressure type gas valve 7, allowing part of gas to flow from the pressure type gas valve 7 to the liquid inlet pipe 1, and dissolving the gas into the liquid manure to form liquid manure gas and liquid manure. Because the gas has certain pressure intensity, the stirring effect can be achieved, the water and the fertilizer are further mixed, the precipitation of the liquid fertilizer caused by long-pipeline transportation is reduced, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, and the dripper 13 is not easy to block.
S6, the liquid of the liquid manure flows to the liquid dropping pipe 3; part of the gas flows from the gas inlet pipe 8 to the gas filling pipe 9;
s7, liquid and fertilizer liquid flows to liquid guide pipes of the drip irrigation emitters 4; the gas flows to the gas guide tube 15 of each drip irrigation emitter 4;
s8, the same irrigation decision as that of the drip irrigation emitters 4 in the root area is carried out, the water valves of the drip irrigation emitters 4 corresponding to the root area needing water, fertilizer and air drip irrigation are opened, and the water, fertilizer and air flow to the water droppers 13;
at this time, the air valve of the drip irrigation emitter 4 is not opened, and the air is kept in the air filling pipe 9 at a certain pressure;
s9, uniformly flowing out water, fertilizer and gas from the drippers 13 to the drippers 14 to reach the soil near the root system;
and S10, allowing liquid manure gas to permeate in the soil, and finally allowing part of liquid manure gas to be absorbed by nearby roots and allowing part of undissolved gas to begin to diffuse so as to supplement oxygen to the roots.
S11, after a period of time, ending the irrigation of the water, the fertilizer and the gas, and resetting each switching value to be consistent with that before the irrigation;
s12, opening an air valve of the drip irrigation emitter 4, wherein because the air filling pipe 9 has pressure intensity, the air in the air filling pipe 9 flows to the dripper 13 through the air guide pipe 15 and is diffused to the adjacent soil, and the air valve is closed until the pressure intensity is consumed; in fact, the gas cleans the drippers 13, and a small amount of gas is diffused in the soil, so that the soil environment (such as soil permeability) is improved, and the problems of oxygen deficiency of root systems and the like are solved.
And S13, the water, fertilizer and gas root zone alternate irrigation system is in a standby state, and the soil probe 17 continues to detect the water content of the soil after waiting for the next irrigation instruction.
The invention divides the root system of the crop into a near root zone and a far root zone, and alternately carries out drip irrigation on the near root zone and the far root zone through the water-fertilizer-gas integrated drip irrigation system, so that the root zone has a stress effect caused by drying the root zone, the effect of efficiently saving water without sacrificing the photosynthetic products of the crop is achieved, and besides different growth influences and water saving effects on plants, the problem that the alternate drip irrigation of the circumferential root division zones can solve the problem that the alternate irrigation of the root division zones from the left side and the right side of the root system is uneven and insufficient for some plants with unevenly distributed root systems and larger water demand can be solved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An irrigation method of an alternate irrigation system for a remote root zone and a near root zone, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
planting crops
When planting, deeply planting the crops to 30-40cm deep to improve the lodging resistance of the crops;
step two, equipment laying
Arranging and embedding the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe in a spiral line in a planting hole, wherein the geometric circle center of the drip irrigation pipe is superposed with the planting center of the crops, and the root systems of the crops are all tied to the soil layer under the drip irrigation pipe in the vertical direction during embedding;
step three, dividing root zone
Dividing a root system into a near root zone and a far root zone in a horizontal area, wherein the root system close to the center of a root disc is called the near root zone, and the root system far away from the center of the root disc is called the far root zone; dividing the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into a plurality of circle areas by using a radial partitioning method, wherein each circle of vortex line corresponds to one circle area, sequencing the circle areas from inside to outside, sequentially forming a 1 st circle area, a 2 nd circle area, a 3 rd circle area, a 4 th circle area and a 5 th circle area, punching holes in each circle area at equal intervals, inserting a plurality of drip irrigation devices, and allowing each drip irrigation device to perform water, fertilizer and gas irrigation and contain a soil probe to obtain the water content of a corresponding wet point;
step four: definition of Dry and Wet
Taking the average soil moisture content detected by all the soil probes in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, and expressing the average soil moisture content by E;
(1) A drying area: when the E is less than a, the soil is determined to be dry soil, wherein a is an upper limit value of drought stress, and when the water content of the soil is lower than the a value, the root system generates drought stress effect, the value is determined by the type of crops and is generally 25-40%;
(2) A wet area: when E is greater than c, the soil is determined to be wet soil, wherein the c value is the optimal soil moisture content for root system growth and is determined by the type of crops, and is generally 55-85%;
(3) When E is less than b, the water loss is determined to be serious, and the normal growth of crops is influenced, wherein b is a drought stress lower limit value, the root system can not grow normally when the water content of the soil is lower than the b value, the value is determined by the type of the crops and is generally 15-20%;
step five: alternate irrigation of distant and near root zones
The specific process is as follows:
s1, setting drip irrigation emitters of the same root zone to execute the same irrigation decision;
s2, all the soil probes acquire the average soil moisture content E of the root zone in real time every day;
s3, the system is provided with a near root area as a wet area and a far root area as a dry area, and a ring area between the adjacent wet area and the dry area is a semi-wet area due to transverse penetration of water and fertilizer;
s4, when the E < a of the wet area is detected, opening a drip irrigation emitter valve of the wet area to carry out water, fertilizer and gas irrigation; when detecting E > c of the wet area, closing the drip irrigation emitter valve and ending irrigation;
s5, when the E < b of the dry area is detected, the system replaces the dry area and the wet area on the next day;
and S6, returning to S4, and repeatedly executing the steps S4-S6, so that the far root zone and the near root zone are alternately dried.
2. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the near-far root zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the crop stems need to be placed in the center of the planting holes, and drip irrigation pipes are buried in the planting holes with the depth of 10cm when soil is filled.
3. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the remote and near root zones as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the equipment laying in the step two is completed, other drip irrigation facilities are installed and the drip irrigation system is debugged.
4. The irrigation method of the alternating irrigation system for the near and far root zones as claimed in claim 1, wherein the correspondence of the third zone in the step is flexibly selected and switched according to the growth condition of the root system, when the 1 st zone corresponds to the near root zone and the 3 rd zone corresponds to the far root zone in the initial growth stage of the root system; when the root system grows in the middle stage, the 2 nd circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 4 th circle area corresponds to the far root area; when the root system is in the growth and maturation stage, the root disk is larger, the 2 nd circle area corresponds to the near root area, and the 5 th circle area corresponds to the far root area.
5. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the near-far root zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein a closed plug is installed at one end of the drip irrigation pipe close to the center of the root disc, a liquid-gas integrated device is connected at one end of the drip irrigation pipe far away from the center of the root disc, the drip irrigation emitter is installed on the drip irrigation pipe, and the soil probe is installed on the bottom surface of the drip irrigation emitter.
6. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the near and far root zones according to claim 5, wherein the drip irrigation pipes comprise vortex-shaped drip pipes and vortex-shaped irrigation pipes, the liquid and gas integrated device comprises filters connected with the vortex-shaped drip pipes and gas inlet pipes connected with the vortex-shaped irrigation pipes, liquid inlet pipes are connected to the end surfaces, far away from the vortex-shaped drip pipes, of the filters, and the liquid inlet pipes are connected with the gas inlet pipes through pressure type gas valves.
7. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the remote and near root zones according to claim 6, wherein one end of the air inlet pipe, which is far away from the vortex line type air filling pipe, is sequentially connected with a pressurization air pump, a micro-nano bubble generator and a gas tank, and a gas electromagnetic valve is arranged between the air inlet pipe and the pressurization air pump.
8. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the near-far root zone according to claim 7, wherein a water-fertilizer-liquid integrated machine is connected to one end of the liquid inlet pipe, which is far away from the filter, and a water solenoid valve is arranged between the liquid inlet pipe and the water-fertilizer-liquid integrated machine.
9. The irrigation method according to claim 8, wherein the drip irrigation emitter comprises a flow control valve communicated with the vortex-shaped line irrigation pipe through an air duct, a liquid guide pipe communicated with the vortex-shaped line irrigation pipe is arranged at a position of the flow control valve close to the vortex-shaped line liquid dropping pipe, a capillary is arranged on the side surface of the flow control valve, and a dripper is connected to one end of the capillary far away from the flow control valve.
10. The irrigation method of the alternate irrigation system for the near and far root zones according to claim 9, comprising an intelligent control system, wherein the intelligent control system controls the on and off of the water solenoid valve and the gas solenoid valve so as to provide water, fertilizer liquid and gas for the drip irrigation device; the intelligent control system receives a detection signal of the soil probe to acquire soil information; and the intelligent control system makes a root-zone alternate irrigation strategy according to the irrigation requirement and sends out an execution signal.
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