CN114568269B - Multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation method - Google Patents
Multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568269B CN114568269B CN202210375285.1A CN202210375285A CN114568269B CN 114568269 B CN114568269 B CN 114568269B CN 202210375285 A CN202210375285 A CN 202210375285A CN 114568269 B CN114568269 B CN 114568269B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation method, which comprises the steps of planting crops, burying vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipes in planting holes, dividing the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipes into four zones by adopting a cross zone method, and taking the average soil moisture content detected by soil probes on all drip irrigation devices in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, wherein E is used for representing the soil moisture content; the normal water, fertilizer and gas irrigation strategy is sequentially and circularly executed by controlling the 1 st root zone, the 2 nd root zone, the 3 rd root zone and the 4 th root zone of the drip irrigation pipe, so that the dry root zone of the root system is circularly and alternately appeared. The invention can realize high-efficiency water saving without sacrificing photosynthetic products of crops by circularly and alternately drip irrigation the root areas to cause the dried root areas to have stress effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation method.
Background
The root zone alternate irrigation, also called controlled root zone alternate irrigation, is to perform normal irrigation on part of root zones alternately in some growth period or all growth period of plants, and the rest root zones are artificially irrigated under water stress. It emphasizes that alternately controlling part of the root system area to be dry and part of the root system area to be wet, the root system of the dry area generates a water stress signal so as to effectively adjust the closing of the air holes to reduce the evaporation of water, and the root system of the wet area absorbs water from the soil to meet the minimum water quantity required by the life of crops. Meanwhile, the surface soil is always intermittently positioned at drought after alternate irrigation, which reduces ineffective evaporation loss and total irrigation water quantity when plants are always wet, thereby achieving the purpose of saving water without sacrificing accumulation of photosynthetic products.
However, in the prior art, the root zone is mainly divided into 1/2 zones, and the root zone is only divided into left and right sides. Because of the transverse infiltration of soil moisture, moisture infiltration is often generated on the dry side to influence the stress effect, and partial researchers adopt the baffle plates to separate the moisture, although the infiltration influence is not generated, the actual growth of root systems is influenced by the introduction of the baffle plates. Therefore, the root zone division mode of the multiple root zones is quite meaningful, and by alternately and circularly carrying out drip irrigation on one root zone, the transverse infiltration of soil moisture is fully utilized, so that a part of the root zone is moist, a part of the root zone is semi-moist, and a part of the root zone is dry, and taking 1/4 division of the invention as an example, the stress effect is similar to that of 1/2 division, but the water is saved more due to the reduction of irrigation area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation method, which is characterized in that the root zones are circularly and alternately drip-irrigated, so that the dried root zones have a stress effect, and the effect of high-efficiency water conservation without sacrificing photosynthetic products of crops is achieved.
According to one object of the present invention, there is provided a method of cyclically alternating drip irrigation of a plurality of root zones, comprising the steps of:
s1, planting crops
When in planting, the crops are deeply planted, the planting depth is 30-40cm, the lodging resistance of the crops is improved, the stems of the crops are required to be placed in the center of planting holes, and when the soil is filled, a water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe is reserved for 10cm deep burying;
s2, equipment laying
Embedding a vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into a planting hole, wherein the geometric center of the pipe coincides with the planting center and is 10cm away from the ground surface, installing other drip irrigation facilities after the embedding is finished, and debugging a drip irrigation system;
s3 root zone division
Dividing a root system into a plurality of root areas on a horizontal area, wherein the dividing mode is determined according to irrigation requirements, a cross dividing method is adopted to divide the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into four areas, and a root disc is correspondingly divided into four root areas, namely a 1 st root area, a 2 nd root area, a 3 rd root area and a 4 th root area in sequence;
s4, definition of dry and wet
Taking the average soil moisture content detected by the soil probes on all drip irrigation emitters in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, and expressing by E;
(1) Drying area: when E < a >, the soil in the area is considered to be dry soil, wherein a is the upper limit value of drought stress, and when the water content of the soil is lower than the upper limit value, the drought stress effect occurs to the root system, the value is determined by the type of crops, and generally 20% -40%;
(2) Wet zone: when E > c, the soil in the area is considered to be wet soil, wherein the value c is the optimal soil moisture content for root system growth, and is determined by the crop type, and 50% -90% of the soil is generally taken;
(3) When E < b, the desiccation area is considered to have serious water loss, and the normal growth of crops is affected, wherein b is a lower limit value of drought stress, when the water content of soil is lower than the lower limit value, the root system cannot grow normally, and the value is determined by the type of the crops, and generally 15% -20% is taken;
s5, alternately irrigating in root dividing areas
The normal water, fertilizer and gas irrigation strategy is sequentially and circularly executed by controlling the 1 st root zone, the 2 nd root zone, the 3 rd root zone and the 4 th root zone of the drip irrigation pipe, so that the dry root zone of the root system is circularly and alternately appeared.
Further, in S2, when burying, the root system of the crop is ensured to be totally pricked at the position not far away from the soil layer under the drip irrigation emitter in the vertical direction.
Further, in S3, the drip irrigation pipes of each partition are perforated at equal intervals, a plurality of drip emitters are inserted, and each drip emitter can perform water, fertilizer and gas irrigation and contains soil probes to obtain the water content of the corresponding wet point.
Further, in S5, the specific irrigation process includes the following steps:
s501, setting drip emitters in the same root zone to execute the same irrigation decision;
s502, acquiring the average soil moisture content E of a root zone in real time every day by the soil probes of all drip emitters;
s503, the system sets the 1 st zone as a wetting zone, the opposite 3 rd zone is a drying zone, and the adjacent 2 nd zone and 4 th zone are semi-wetting zones due to transverse permeation;
s504, when E < a in the wetting area, opening a drip irrigation emitter valve in the wetting area to perform water, fertilizer and gas drip irrigation; when E > c of the wetting area, closing a drip irrigation emitter valve, and ending drip irrigation;
s505, when E < b of the dry area is detected, the system sets the next subarea as a wet area in the clockwise direction on the next day;
s506, returning to S4, and repeatedly executing the steps S4-S6 until the process is finished.
Further, in S2, the vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe comprises four drip irrigation modes, and specifically comprises a water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation mode, a water, fertilizer and liquid irrigation mode, a clear water irrigation mode and a gas irrigation mode.
Further, the vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe comprises a drip irrigation water pipe and a drip irrigation air pipe, wherein the drip irrigation water pipe is connected with the filter, and the drip irrigation air pipe is connected with the air inlet pipe; the drip irrigation water pipe is fixedly connected with the outer surface of the drip irrigation air pipe.
Further, a plurality of drip irrigation holes are formed in the drip irrigation water pipe at equal intervals, a plurality of drip irrigation air holes are formed in the drip irrigation air pipe at equal intervals, and one drip irrigation emitter is inserted into each of the drip irrigation holes and the drip irrigation air holes.
Further, the drip irrigation emitter is provided with a control module, the control module can receive a control signal of the intelligent control system so as to execute irrigation decision, the control module controls the switch of the valve to control whether water and fertilizer are irrigated or not, the control module controls the opening and closing of the switch to control drip irrigation flow, and the control module controls the opening and closing time of the switch to control drip irrigation duration.
Further, the soil probe is installed in the bottom of every drip irrigation emitter, the soil probe with control module is connected, can collect soil humiture, PH value information to with the information feedback that gathers is through wireless transmission back intelligent control system.
Further, the intelligent control system controls the switch of the electromagnetic valve for water so as to provide water and fertilizer liquid for the drip irrigation device; the intelligent control system controls the switch of the gas electromagnetic valve so as to provide gas for the drip irrigation device; the intelligent control system receives the detection signal of the soil probe to acquire soil information; and the intelligent control system makes alternate irrigation strategies of the root zones according to irrigation requirements and sends out execution signals.
According to the technical scheme, drip irrigation is circularly and alternately carried out on the root areas, so that the stress effect of the dried root areas can effectively adjust the closing of air holes to reduce water evaporation, and the wet root areas absorb water from soil to meet the minimum water quantity required by the life of crops, so that the effects of high efficiency, water saving and no sacrifice of photosynthetic products of crops are achieved. By alternately and circularly drip-irrigating each root zone, the transverse infiltration of soil moisture can be fully utilized, so that a part of root zones are moist, a part of root zones are semi-moist, a part of root zones are dry, the stress effect is similar to that of 1/2 zone, but water is saved due to the reduction of irrigation area. Furthermore, the introduction of semi-moist regions eases the alternating process of root zone transition from moist to dry zone, which is beneficial for the growth and development of crops.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an irrigation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a drip irrigation emitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a drip irrigation pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a root partition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the soil moisture condition of the root tray after one drip irrigation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a water inlet pipe; 2. a filter; 3. a vortex line drip irrigation pipe; 4. a drip irrigation emitter; 5. air holes; 6. drip irrigation holes; 7. a pressure air guide valve; 8. an air inlet pipe; 9. a vortex-shaped linear air pipe; 10. sealing a water gap plug; 11. sealing the air port plugs; 12. capillary tube; 13. a dripper; 14. arrow dripping; 15. an air duct; 16. a flow control valve; 17. a soil probe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-6, a water, fertilizer and gas root zone alternate irrigation system comprises the following steps:
s1, planting crops
When in planting, the crops are deeply planted with the planting depth of 30-40cm, so that the lodging resistance of the crops is improved. The crop stems are required to be placed in the center of planting holes, and when filling soil, water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipes are reserved at a depth of about 10 cm.
S2, equipment laying
The vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe is buried in a planting hole, the geometric center of the pipe coincides with the planting center and is about 10cm away from the ground surface, and the burying condition is shown in fig. 4. When the drip irrigation emitter is buried, the root systems of crops are ensured to be totally pricked at the position which is not far away from the soil layer under the drip irrigation emitter in the vertical direction. After the burying is finished, other drip irrigation facilities are installed, and the drip irrigation system is debugged.
S3 root zone division
The invention divides the root system into a plurality of root areas on the horizontal area, and the division mode is determined according to irrigation requirements. The multi-root zone alternate irrigation method adopts a 1/4 zone as an example, adopts a cross zone method to divide a water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into four zones, the division condition is as shown in figure 5, and the corresponding root disc is also divided into four root zones, namely a 1 st root zone, a 2 nd root zone, a 3 rd root zone and a 4 th root zone in sequence. The drip irrigation pipes of each partition are drilled at equal intervals, a plurality of drip emitters (the quantity is selected according to the requirement) are inserted, and each drip emitter can perform water, fertilizer and gas irrigation and contains soil probes to obtain the water content of corresponding wet points.
S4, definition of dry and wet
And taking the average soil moisture content detected by all drip irrigation emitter soil probes in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, wherein the average soil moisture content is denoted by E.
(1) Drying area: when E < a, the soil in the region is considered to be dry soil. Wherein a is the upper limit value of drought stress, and when the water content of soil is lower than the upper limit value, the drought stress effect occurs in the root system, and the value is determined by the type of crops, and generally 20% -40%.
(2) Wet zone: when E > c, the soil in the zone is considered to be wet soil. Wherein, the value c is the optimal soil moisture content for root system growth, which is determined by the crop type and is generally 50-90%.
(3) When E < b, the desiccation zone is considered to be severely dehydrated, which would affect the normal growth of the crop. Wherein b is a drought stress lower limit value, when the water content of soil is lower than the lower limit value, the root system cannot grow normally, and the value is determined by the type of crops, and generally 15% -20% of the value is taken.
S5, alternately irrigating in root dividing areas
Taking 1/4 partition as an example, the root system is divided into a 1 st root zone, a 2 nd root zone, a 3 rd root zone and a 4 th root zone. The invention controls the 1 st partition, the 2 nd partition, the 3 rd partition and the 4 th partition of the drip irrigation pipe to sequentially and circularly execute a normal water, fertilizer and gas irrigation strategy, so that the dry root zone of the root system is circularly and alternately appeared. According to the scheme, the irrigation area is reduced, the transverse permeation of moisture is fully utilized, and the wetting area and the drying area are increased by two semi-wetting areas caused by the transverse permeation of the moisture, so that more efficient water saving is realized. In addition, the introduction of semi-moist regions allows the alternate process of changing the root zone from a moist zone to a dry zone to be gentle, which is advantageous for the growth and development of crops, as compared to the existing alternate irrigation of root zones. The specific process is as follows:
and S1, setting drip emitters in the same root zone to execute the same irrigation decision.
And S2, acquiring the average soil moisture content E of the root zone in real time every day by the soil probes of all drip emitters.
S3, the system is provided with a 1 st partition which is a wetting area, and the opposite 3 rd partition is a drying area, and the adjacent 2 nd partition and 4 th partition are semi-wetting areas due to transverse penetration.
And S4, when E < a in the wetting area, opening a drip irrigation emitter valve in the wetting area to perform water, fertilizer and gas drip irrigation. When E > c of the wetting zone, the drip irrigation valve is closed, ending the drip irrigation.
S5, when E < b of the dry zone is detected, the system sets the next zone (clockwise) to be a wet zone on the second day.
And S6, returning to the step S4, and repeatedly executing the steps S4-S6 until the process is finished.
Thus, after each drip irrigation, the root system can simultaneously show a wetting zone, a semi-wetting zone and a drying zone, and the corresponding soil wetting condition is shown in fig. 6. In the whole cyclic alternate drip irrigation process, wetting, semi-wetting, drying and semi-wetting occur in each root zone in a cyclic alternate manner.
In the above embodiment, the vortex-shaped line type water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation device is adopted, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and comprises a water inlet pipe 1, an air inlet pipe 5, a vortex-shaped line type drip irrigation pipe 3 and a vortex-shaped line type air pipe 9, wherein the water inlet pipe 1 is connected with a water and fertilizer integrated machine, and the air inlet pipe 8 is connected with a micro-nano bubble generator. A pressure air guide valve 7 is arranged between the air inlet pipe 8 and the front end of the water inlet pipe 1, the pressure air guide valve 7 comprises a pressure air valve, an air inlet of the pressure air guide valve 7 is connected with an air outlet on the side edge of the air inlet pipe 8, and an air outlet of the pressure air guide valve 7 is connected with an air inlet hole on the side wall of the water inlet pipe 1.
The pipe wall of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 comprises an inner wall and an outer wall which are of an integrated structure, and a layer of hydrophilic protective film is arranged on the outer side of the outer wall. The front end of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 is connected with the water inlet pipe 1 through the filter 2, and the tail end of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 is sealed and closed through the sealing water gap plug 10.
The front end of the vortex line type air pipe 9 is connected with the air inlet pipe 8, the tail end of the vortex line type air pipe 9 is sealed and closed through the sealing air port plug 11, the vortex line type air pipe 9 is arranged in parallel with the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3, and the vortex line type air pipe 9 is fixedly connected with the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3;
the shape of the vortex line type air pipe 9 and the shape of the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3 take equidistant vortex lines as pipeline tracks, the pipeline tracks of the vortex line type air pipe 9 are parallel and equidistant with the pipeline tracks of the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3, and the vortex line type air pipe 9 is fixedly connected right above the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3.
The side wall of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation holes 6, the side wall of the vortex-shaped linear air pipe 9 is provided with a plurality of air holes 5, the number of the air holes 5 is the same as that of the drip irrigation holes 6, and the air holes 5 and the drip irrigation holes 6 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The drip irrigation hole 6 is fixedly provided with a drip irrigation emitter 4, and the drip irrigation emitter 4 is respectively connected with the drip irrigation hole 6 and the air hole 5.
The drip irrigation emitter 4 comprises a flow control valve 16 and a soil probe 17, the flow control valve 16 is connected with the drip irrigation hole 6, the top of the flow control valve 16 is connected with an air duct 15, the air duct 15 is connected with the air hole 5, the flow control valve 16 is connected with the drip head 13 through the capillary 12, the water outlet end of the drip head 13 is provided with a drip arrow 14, and the water outlet arrow of the drip arrow 14 is a single-head arrow or a double-head arrow or a four-head arrow. A soil probe 17 is fixed at the bottom of the flow control valve 16, and the soil probe 16 is connected with the control module.
A water inlet of a water inlet pipe 1 is connected with a water and fertilizer integrated machine, a water outlet is connected with a filter 2, and an air inlet hole on the side wall of the water inlet pipe 1 is connected with a pressure air guide valve 7. The water inlet pipe 1 has the function of conveying water and fertilizer liquid of the water and fertilizer integrated machine to the filter 2; and micro-nano bubbles in the air inlet pipe 8 are conveyed into the water inlet pipe 1 through the pressure air guide valve 7, so that part of air is dissolved into the liquid fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer is further mixed, and the liquid fertilizer is prevented from precipitating in pipeline transportation. The water and fertilizer integrated machine adopted by the invention has the function of providing water and fertilizer liquid required by crops for the device.
The water inlet of the filter is connected with the water inlet pipe 1, and the water outlet of the filter 2 is connected with the water inlet of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3. The function of the filter is to further filter out impurities and sediment in the water and fertilizer liquid.
The water inlet of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 is connected with the water outlet of the filter 2, the sealing water gap is positioned at the tail end, and the sealing water gap is blocked and sealed by the sealing water gap plug 10. The sealing water gap plug 10 has sealing function when the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3 works, and can be detached when the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3 is maintained and cleaned, so that high-pressure water flows out of the sealing water gap after cleaning the inner wall of the pipeline of the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe.
The inner diameter of the pipe of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 is designed and selected according to the drip irrigation flow requirement of the irrigated crops. The pipe body of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 consists of an inner wall and an outer wall, wherein the inner wall is as smooth as possible, and the generation of sediment and the blockage are prevented; the outer wall encloses and has one deck hydrophilic protection film, and its effect is the protection body, and makes the liquid manure liquid that drips irrigation stay around the body for a longer time, reduces the infiltration rate of liquid manure liquid at soil. A vortex line type air pipe 9 is fixedly connected right above the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3. The body of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation holes 6, the characteristics of the drip irrigation holes 6 comprise the number, the size and the position of the holes, the number and the distribution position of the holes are designed according to the root system growth characteristics (including root system distribution characteristics, root system density, root length density, root system growth speed and the like) and the like of the root system of crops, and the size of the holes is selected according to the drip irrigation flow requirements, the root system density and the like. The drip irrigation hole 6 is connected with a water inlet of the drip irrigation emitter 4, and conveys the water, fertilizer and liquid of the vortex-shaped linear drip irrigation pipe 3 to the drip irrigation emitter 4.
The pipeline shape of the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3 takes equidistant vortex lines as pipeline tracks; equidistant vortex line, its characteristic includes the base circle radius, pitch, the number of turns of vortex line. The pitch and the number of turns of the vortex line are designed and selected according to the growth characteristics, nutrient demand characteristics and the like of the root system of the crop, the base circle radius of the vortex line is designed according to the size of the seedling root disc, and the base circle is required to be larger than the seedling root disc.
The air inlet of the vortex-shaped linear air pipe 9 is connected with the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 8, and the sealing air port is blocked and sealed by the sealing air port plug 11 at the tail end. The inner diameter of the pipe of the vortex-shaped linear air pipe 9 is designed and selected according to the requirements of the gas quantity and the air pressure required by the irrigated crops. The pipeline track of the pipe body of the vortex line type air pipe 9 is parallel and equidistant to the pipeline track of the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3, and the pipe body is fixedly connected to the position right above the vortex line type drip irrigation pipe 3. The body of the vortex-shaped linear air pipe 9 is provided with a plurality of air holes 5, the characteristics of the air holes 5 comprise the number, the size and the position of the holes, the number and the distribution position of the air holes are determined by drip irrigation holes 6, namely, corresponding air holes 5 are formed right above each drip irrigation hole 6, and the size of the holes is selected according to the gas quantity, the air pressure and the like required by irrigated crops. The air hole 5 is connected with an air inlet of the drip irrigation emitter 4, and conveys air of the vortex-shaped linear air pipe 9 to the drip irrigation emitter 4.
The air inlet of the pressure air guide valve 7 is connected with the side air outlet of the air inlet pipe 8, the air outlet is connected with the air inlet hole of the air inlet pipe 1, the pressure air valve of the pressure air guide valve 7 can be opened unidirectionally when the air in the air inlet reaches a certain pressure, so that the air enters the air inlet pipe 1, and the water and fertilizer liquid of the air inlet pipe is prevented from flowing back into the air inlet pipe 8.
An air inlet of the air inlet pipe 8 is connected with a micro-nano bubble generator, an air outlet at the side edge is connected with an air inlet of the pressure air guide valve 7, and an air outlet is connected with an air inlet of the vortex-shaped linear air pipe 9.
The drip irrigation emitter 4 is provided with a drip irrigation emitter 4 corresponding to each group of air holes and drip irrigation holes, the air inlet of an air duct of the drip irrigation emitter 4 is connected with the air holes 5, and the air outlet of the air duct is connected with the air inlet of the flow control valve 16. The capillary tube 12 is connected with the dripper 13, and finally the water fertilizer gas is sent to the root zone of crops. The water outlet of the drip head 13 is connected with the water inlet of the drip arrow 14 for drip irrigation. The water inlet of the water dropper 14 is connected with the water outlet of the water dropper 13, and the water outlet arrow is a single-headed arrow, a double-headed arrow and a four-headed arrow according to the root system characteristics, so that the water and fertilizer liquid is uniformly and stably conveyed to the root zone.
The soil probe 17 is connected with a control module of the valve device, can collect soil information such as soil temperature and humidity, PH value and the like, and feeds the information back to the intelligent control system through wireless transmission.
The flow control valve 16 is connected with the drip irrigation hole 6, so that the liquid fertilizer enters the flow control valve 16, and the liquid fertilizer flows from the flow control valve 16 to the dripper 13 through the water outlet capillary 12; the air inlet of the flow control valve 16 is connected to the air outlet of the air duct 15, so that the air enters the air inlet of the flow control valve 16 and thus the dripper 13.
The flow control valve 16 is composed of a water valve, a gas valve and a control module. In operation, liquid fertilizer or gas fertilizer flows from the water inlet to the water outlet through the water valve, and gas flows from the air inlet to the water outlet through the air valve, and both flows from the water outlet to the dripper 13 through the capillary tube 12. The control module is capable of receiving control signals from the intelligent control system to perform irrigation decisions. The water and fertilizer irrigation device is characterized in that the valve is controlled to switch to control whether water, fertilizer and gas irrigate or not, the opening and closing of the switch are controlled to control the drip irrigation flow, and the opening and closing time of the switch is controlled to control the drip irrigation time.
The single drip irrigation emitter 4 can realize flexible switching of four drip irrigation schemes of water, gas, liquid fertilizer, water, fertilizer and gas. Therefore, by controlling all drip emitters of the device to carry out multipoint drip irrigation, the water, fertilizer and gas regulation and control of different sites of soil can be realized, and the drip irrigation is more efficient and flexible and meets the nutritional requirements of crops. It should be noted that, when the drip irrigation is finished, the gas with pressure is introduced into the dripper 13, so that the soil environment (such as permeability) can be improved, and the dripper can be prevented from being blocked by soil or root systems.
According to the multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation technology, the root zones are subjected to drip irrigation in a circulation alternate manner, so that the stress effect of the dried root zones can effectively adjust the closing of air holes to reduce water evaporation, and the wet root zones absorb water from soil to meet the minimum water quantity required by the life of crops, so that the effects of high efficiency and water saving are achieved without sacrificing photosynthetic products of crops. Taking a 1/4-root zone division mode as an example, the multi-root zone circulation alternate drip irrigation technology of the invention can fully utilize the transverse infiltration of soil moisture by alternately and circularly carrying out drip irrigation on each root zone, so that a part of root zones are moist, a part of root zones are semi-moist, a part of root zones are dry, the stress effect is similar to that of 1/2 zone, but the water is saved due to the reduction of irrigation area. Furthermore, the introduction of semi-moist regions eases the alternating process of root zone transition from moist to dry zone, which is beneficial for the growth and development of crops.
The multi-root-zone circulation alternate drip irrigation technology comprises a water, fertilizer and gas drip irrigation system, and can integrally convey water, fertilizer, gas and heat to the root zone of crops in the ground of the root zone, so that alternate irrigation of the water, fertilizer and gas root zone is performed, and a new thought is provided for researching the stress effect and the water and gas and heat saving effect of the crops. At present, no related research report for dividing multiple-root-zone alternate circulation drip irrigation exists, and the multiple-root-zone alternate drip irrigation technology provides a new idea for dividing root zones to alternate irrigation. Besides the advantage of more water saving by fully utilizing transverse infiltration, other influences and water saving effects are applied to plant growth, and experimental research and discussion can be carried out through the drip irrigation system and the drip irrigation device.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-root zone circulation alternating drip irrigation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, planting crops
When in planting, the crops are deeply planted, the planting depth is 30-40cm, the lodging resistance of the crops is improved, the stems of the crops are required to be placed in the center of planting holes, and when the soil is filled, a water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe is reserved for 10cm deep burying;
s2, equipment laying
Embedding a vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into a planting hole, wherein the geometric center of the pipe coincides with the planting center and is 10cm away from the ground surface, installing other drip irrigation facilities after the embedding is finished, and debugging a drip irrigation system;
s3 root zone division
Dividing a root system into a plurality of root areas on a horizontal area, wherein the dividing mode is determined according to irrigation requirements, a cross dividing method is adopted to divide the water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe into four areas, and a root disc is correspondingly divided into four root areas, namely a 1 st root area, a 2 nd root area, a 3 rd root area and a 4 th root area in sequence;
s4, definition of dry and wet
Taking the average soil moisture content detected by the soil probes on all drip irrigation emitters in the same root zone as the soil moisture content of the root zone, and expressing by E;
(1) Drying area: when E < a >, the soil in the area is determined to be dry soil, wherein a is the upper limit value of drought stress, and when the water content of the soil is lower than the upper limit value, the drought stress effect occurs to the root system, the value is determined by the type of crops, and 40% is taken;
(2) Wet zone: when E > c, the soil in the area is considered to be wet soil, wherein the value c is the optimal soil moisture content for root system growth, and 50% -90% is taken according to the crop type;
(3) When E < b, the desiccation area is considered to have serious water loss, and the normal growth of crops is affected, wherein b is a lower limit value of drought stress, when the water content of soil is lower than the lower limit value, the root system cannot grow normally, and the value is determined by the type of the crops and 15%;
s5, alternately irrigating in root dividing areas
The 1 st root zone, the 2 nd root zone, the 3 rd root zone and the 4 th root zone of the drip irrigation pipe are controlled to sequentially and circularly execute a normal water, fertilizer and gas irrigation strategy, so that the dry root zone of the root system is circularly and alternately arranged;
the specific irrigation process comprises the following steps:
s501, setting drip emitters in the same root zone to execute the same irrigation decision;
s502, acquiring the average soil moisture content E of a root zone in real time every day by the soil probes of all drip emitters;
s503, the system sets the 1 st zone as a wetting zone, the opposite 3 rd zone is a drying zone, and the adjacent 2 nd zone and 4 th zone are semi-wetting zones due to transverse permeation;
s504, when E < a in the wetting area, opening a drip irrigation emitter valve in the wetting area to perform water, fertilizer and gas drip irrigation; when E > c of the wetting area, closing a drip irrigation emitter valve, and ending drip irrigation;
s505, when E < b of the dry area is detected, the system sets the next subarea as a wet area in the clockwise direction on the next day;
s506, returning to the step S4, and repeatedly executing the steps S4-S6 until the process is finished;
the vortex-shaped linear water, fertilizer and gas integrated drip irrigation pipe comprises a drip irrigation water pipe and a drip irrigation air pipe, wherein the drip irrigation water pipe is connected with the filter, and the drip irrigation air pipe is connected with the air inlet pipe; the drip irrigation water pipe is fixedly connected with the outer surface of the drip irrigation air pipe;
the drip irrigation pipe is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation holes at equal intervals, and one drip irrigation emitter is inserted into each of the drip irrigation holes.
2. The method for circularly and alternately drip irrigation in multiple root zones according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the root systems of crops are ensured to be totally stuck to the soil layer under the drip irrigation emitter in the vertical direction during burying.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the drip irrigation pipes of each of the zones are perforated at equal intervals, a plurality of drip emitters are inserted, each drip emitter can perform water, fertilizer and gas irrigation, and the soil probe is included to obtain the water content of the corresponding wet point.
4. The multiple zone circulation alternating drip irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the vortex-like linear water-fertilizer-gas integrated drip irrigation pipe comprises four drip irrigation modes, specifically comprises a water-fertilizer-gas integrated drip irrigation mode, a water-fertilizer-liquid irrigation mode, a clear water irrigation mode and a gas irrigation mode.
5. The multiple zone circulation alternating drip irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation emitter is provided with a control module, the control module can receive a control signal of an intelligent control system so as to execute irrigation decision, the control module controls the switch of the valve to control whether water and fertilizer are irrigated or not, the control module controls the opening and closing of the switch to control drip irrigation flow, and the control module controls the opening and closing time of the switch to control drip irrigation duration.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the soil probe is installed at the bottom of each drip irrigation emitter, the soil probe is connected with the control module, the temperature, humidity and PH information of the soil are collected, and the collected information is fed back to the intelligent control system through wireless transmission.
7. The multiple zone circulation alternating drip irrigation method according to claim 6 wherein said intelligent control system controls the switching of water solenoid valves to provide water and fertilizer to the drip irrigation device; the intelligent control system controls the switch of the gas electromagnetic valve so as to provide gas for the drip irrigation device; the intelligent control system receives the detection signal of the soil probe to acquire soil information; and the intelligent control system makes alternate irrigation strategies of the root zones according to irrigation requirements and sends out execution signals.
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| CN102124933A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-07-20 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for researching partial root drying irrigation technology of woody fruit trees |
| CN104012306A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-09-03 | 南京林业大学 | Establishment method for irrigation test system in forest root division zone |
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| CN105766121B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-06-22 | 山东省花生研究所 | It is a kind of to prevent the root-planting method that moisture moves in Peanut Root System subregion alternate irrigation |
| CN106359024B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2022-06-03 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Automatic control method for narrow-row-spacing root-dividing alternative irrigation |
| CN111903483B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Automatic alternative irrigation system with double water sources and application thereof |
| CN207185514U (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-04-06 | 河北兴盛塑料管业有限公司 | A kind of drip irrigation appliance |
| CN207505518U (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-06-19 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | It is a kind of using field drip irrigation system to the device of crop root gas transmission under mulch |
| CN209964875U (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-01-21 | 丽江建乙农牧业综合开发有限公司 | Kiwi fruit is planted with integrative irrigation system of multi-functional liquid manure |
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Inventor after: Liu Xiaochu Inventor after: Zheng Jiapeng Inventor after: Liang Zhongwei Inventor after: Xiao Jinrui Inventor before: Liu Xiaochu Inventor before: Zheng Jiapeng Inventor before: Liang Zhongwei Inventor before: Xiao Jinrui |
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