CN114560734B - Biochar carrier and microbial fertilizer - Google Patents

Biochar carrier and microbial fertilizer Download PDF

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CN114560734B
CN114560734B CN202210038900.XA CN202210038900A CN114560734B CN 114560734 B CN114560734 B CN 114560734B CN 202210038900 A CN202210038900 A CN 202210038900A CN 114560734 B CN114560734 B CN 114560734B
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potassium
biochar
carrier
microbial fertilizer
strain
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CN114560734A (en
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李婷
李昌骏
张廷锐
王贵胤
徐小逊
张世熔
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Xinjiang Guophosphate Fertilizer Industry Co.,Ltd.
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/04—Fertilisers containing potassium from minerals or volcanic rocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a biochar carrier and a microbial fertilizer, wherein the biochar carrier is prepared from crop straws serving as raw materials by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300-800 ℃. The biological bacterial fertilizer takes the biological carbon carrier as an adsorption matrix, and potassium bacteria or phosphorus bacteria are adsorbed on the carrier. The formazan formation rate of the biochar-loaded strain is improved along with the increase of the culture time, the adsorption degree of the formazan-loaded strain to cells is most remarkable, nutrients can be timely and fully released, enough living space is provided for the cells of the strain, the surface functional groups of the biochar-loaded strain are correspondingly increased, and the continuous adsorption of the strain is possible. The biological bacterial fertilizer has obvious promotion effect on plant growth, combines the biological carbon with potassium-decomposing bacteria, and combines the biological carbon, the potassium-decomposing bacteria with potassium ore materials, so that the promotion effect is obvious, which is beneficial to reducing the application of the potassium fertilizer and relieving the contradiction of potassium fertilizer deficiency.

Description

Biochar carrier and microbial fertilizer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microbial fertilizers, and relates to a biochar carrier and a biological bacterial fertilizer using the biochar carrier as an adsorption matrix.
Background
The microbial fertilizer is a biological fertilizer prepared by culturing and fermenting one or a plurality of beneficial microorganisms in an industrialized way. Microbial fertilizers are generally divided into two categories: one is to increase the supply of plant nutrient elements through the vital activities of microorganisms contained in the plant nutrient elements, so that the plant nutrient conditions are improved, and the yield is further increased, and the representative variety is bacterial manure; another class is the broad-sense microbial fertilizers, which, although also through the action of the microbial vital activities contained therein, increase crop yield, are not limited to increasing the supply level of plant nutrient elements, but also include the stimulation of plants by secondary metabolic substances produced by them, such as hormonal substances.
The fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer has a great relationship with the type, quantity and living environment of the microorganisms. In order to improve the living environment of microorganisms and increase the number of microorganisms, various biochar carriers appear in the prior art, but the adsorption capacity difference of the biochar carriers prepared by different raw materials and methods on the microorganisms is quite obvious. And finally, the fertility effect of the microbial fertilizer is also affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a biochar carrier which has an excellent pore structure and can provide a good place for the habitat and reproduction of strains, thereby improving the survival rate of the strains; the increase of the functional groups on the rear surface of the biochar loaded strain promotes the increase of the negative charges on the surface of the biochar, thereby increasing the adsorption force of the biochar on the strain.
The invention also aims to provide a microbial fertilizer which can improve the quick-acting potassium content of soil and has obvious effect on promoting plant growth.
The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial and repeated experiments and efforts, and the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the biochar carrier is prepared from crop straws serving as raw materials by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300-800 ℃ to solve the technical problems.
According to a preferred embodiment of the biochar carrier, the biochar carrier is prepared from corn stalks as raw materials by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 500 ℃.
The invention also provides a microbial fertilizer, which uses the biochar carrier as an adsorption matrix and adsorbs potassium bacteria or phosphorus bacteria on the carrier.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the present invention, the potassium-decomposing bacteria is a strain of stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) Ab27, biological deposit No.: cctccc M2021355. Preservation date: 2021, 4 months, 12 days, deposit unit: china center for type culture collection, preservation address: university of martial arts.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the present invention, the step of adsorbing the potassium-degrading bacteria comprises the steps of:
s1, preparing a beef extract peptone culture medium, and adding 1% of charcoal carrier into the beef extract peptone culture medium;
s2, inoculating potassium-decomposing bacteria into an LB liquid culture medium for activation, and adding activated strains into a beef extract peptone culture medium containing 1% of biochar carriers according to an inoculation amount of 5%; culturing for 12-24h;
s3, repeatedly washing and centrifuging the cultured solid by using phosphate buffer solution;
s4, freeze-drying after centrifugation, pre-cooling the freeze-dryer for 6 hours before use, and starting freeze-drying when the temperature reaches-20 ℃ to-35 ℃; vacuum pumping is started, the freezing temperature is-55 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.1pa, the freeze drying time is 8-12h, and the freeze-dried biochar loaded potassium-decomposing bacteria powder is placed in a sterile bag at 4 ℃ for low-temperature preservation.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer further comprises potassium mineral powder, wherein the potassium mineral powder is mixed with the biochar carrier loaded with the potassium-decomposing bacteria in proportion.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the present invention, the potassium mineral powder is muscovite powder, and the potassium mineral powder has a particle size of 200 mesh.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer, the potassium mineral powder and the biochar loaded with the potassium-decomposing bacteria are mixed according to a weight ratio of 1:1.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer according to the invention, the microbial fertilizer has a material humidity of 20%.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer according to the invention, the microbial fertilizer is stored at low temperature protected from light for a shelf life of not more than 1 year.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical schemes has the following advantages:
the formazan generation rate of the biochar-loaded strain is improved along with the increase of the culture time. In a further embodiment, the improvement effect of the charcoal pyrolyzed by the corn stalks at 500 ℃ on the formazan is more remarkable up to 24 hours, and the improvement effect is respectively increased by 40.9% and 20% compared with the pyrolysis of the corn stalks at 300 ℃ and the pyrolysis at 700 ℃. The observation of the surface morphology structure and the functional group characteristics of the biochar material by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance spectrum (ATR-FTIR) shows that the adsorption degree of the cells by the pyrolysis of the corn straw at 500 ℃ is most remarkable, the excellent pore structure can provide enough living space for the cells of the strain, and the increase of the functional groups on the surface of the biochar loaded strain can promote the increase of the negative charges on the surface of the biochar, so that the adsorption force of the biochar to the strain is increased.
The microbial fertilizer has obvious promotion effect on plant growth, combines biochar with potassium-decomposing bacteria, and combines biochar, potassium-decomposing bacteria with potassium ore materials, so that the promotion effect is obvious, which is beneficial to reducing the application of potassium fertilizer and relieving the contradiction of potassium fertilizer deficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope scan of rice husk prepared by limited oxygen pyrolysis at 300, 500, 700 ℃.
FIG. 2 is a scanning image of the rice husk charcoal loaded with the biomass of FIG. 1 by electron microscopy.
FIG. 3 is an electron microscope scan of the preparation of corn stalk charcoal at 300, 500, 700℃using limited oxygen cleavage.
Fig. 4 is a scanning image of the corn stalk charcoal loaded thalli of fig. 2 by electron microscopy.
FIG. 5 is an electron microscope scan of the preparation of wheat straw charcoal at 300℃and 500℃and 700℃using limited oxygen pyrolysis.
Fig. 6 is a scanning image of the wheat straw charcoal loaded thalli of fig. 5 by electron microscopy.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the attenuated total reflectance spectrum of 3 strains loaded with charcoal materials in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
The biochar carrier described in the embodiment is prepared from crop straws serving as a raw material by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300-800 ℃. Preferably, the crop straw is corn straw, and the pyrolysis temperature is 500 ℃.
In order to illustrate that the pyrolysis effect of the corn straw is optimal under the condition of 500 ℃ by adopting the oxygen limiting pyrolysis method, the following is illustrated by a comparative experiment. In this example, wheat straw and rice hulls were selected for comparison.
The corn stalk charcoal, the wheat stalk charcoal and the rice hull charcoal are prepared by adopting an oxygen limiting cracking method at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ respectively.
The scanning diagram of the rice hull carbon is shown in figure 1, RHC in figure 1 represents rice hull carbon, RHC300 represents rice hull carbon prepared by adopting an oxygen limiting cracking method at 300 ℃, RHC500 represents rice hull carbon prepared by adopting an oxygen limiting cracking method at 500 ℃, and RHC700 represents rice hull carbon prepared by adopting an oxygen limiting cracking method at 700 ℃.
The scanning diagram of the corn stalk charcoal is shown in figure 3, MSC in figure 3 represents corn stalk charcoal, MSC300 represents corn stalk charcoal prepared by limited oxygen cracking method under 300 ℃, MSC500 represents corn stalk charcoal prepared by limited oxygen cracking method under 500 ℃, and MSC700 represents corn stalk charcoal prepared by limited oxygen cracking method under 700 ℃.
The scanning image of the wheat straw charcoal by an electron microscope is shown in figure 5. In fig. 5, WSC represents wheat straw charcoal, WSC300 represents wheat straw charcoal prepared by an oxygen limited cleavage method at 300 ℃, WSC500 represents wheat straw charcoal prepared by an oxygen limited cleavage method at 500 ℃, and WSC700 represents wheat straw charcoal prepared by an oxygen limited cleavage method at 700 ℃.
The method comprises the steps of inoculating an oligotrophic monad (stenotomonas sp.) strain into an LB liquid culture medium for activation, inoculating the activated strain inoculated into the LB liquid culture medium to a beef extract peptone culture medium added with 1% of biochar according to an inoculum size of 5%, repeatedly washing and centrifuging the cultured solid by using a phosphate buffer solution, and freeze-drying to obtain a biochar immobilized potassium-decomposing bacteria composite material C-KSB, and detecting the survival condition of cells on the biochar by using an MTT method to screen out a proper carrier. The composite material C-KSB can be applied as microbial fertilizer C-KSB.
Washing and centrifugation are conventional operations. The model of a freeze dryer used for freeze drying is YB-FD-1, the freeze dryer is pre-cooled for 6 hours before use, the temperature reaches-20 ℃ to-35 ℃, and the set conditions are as follows: vacuum pumping is started, the freezing temperature is-55 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.1pa, the freeze drying time is 8-12h, and the freeze-dried biochar loaded potassium-decomposing bacteria powder is stored at a low temperature of 4 ℃.
A scanning image of rice husk charcoal loaded with a strain of Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) is shown in FIG. 2, wherein RHC300-KSB, RHC500-KSB, RHC700-KSB in FIG. 2 represent rice husk charcoal, KSB represents a strain of Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.), and 300, 500, 700 represent pyrolysis temperatures, respectively.
A scanning image of corn stalk charcoal loaded with Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) strain is shown in FIG. 4, wherein MSC300-KSB, MSC500-KSB, and MSC700-KSB in FIG. 4 represent corn stalk charcoal, KSB represents Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) strain, and 300, 500, and 700 represent pyrolysis temperatures, respectively.
A scanning image of a wheat straw charcoal microscope loaded with a strain of Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) is shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, WSC300-KSB, WSC500-KSB, and WSC700-KSB, WSC represents wheat straw charcoal, KSB represents a strain of Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.), and 300, 500, and 700 represent pyrolysis temperatures, respectively.
MTT colorimetric method results show that 3 biological carbon materials of corn straw charcoal, wheat straw charcoal and rice husk charcoal all obviously improve the cell number of Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) strains, and the formazan production rate of corn straw biological carbon loaded strains at each pyrolysis temperature is improved along with the increase of the culture time. Up to 24 hours, the improvement effect of the charcoal pyrolyzed by the corn straw at 500 ℃ on the formazan is more remarkable, and compared with the corn straw pyrolyzed by the corn straw at 300 ℃ and the corn straw pyrolyzed by 700 ℃, the improvement effect is respectively increased by 40.9 percent and 20 percent.
By measuring OD 510 nm absorbance, which reflects the effect of biochar on bacterial cell growth, is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Effect of biochar on bacterial cell growth
Figure GDA0004038199390000041
Note that: * Different lower case letters indicate that the difference of absorbance values at p <0.05 level is significant for the same material at the same pyrolysis temperature; different capital letters indicate that the same material has significant differences in absorbance at p <0.05 levels at different pyrolysis temperatures.
The observation of the surface morphology structure and the functional group characteristics of the biochar material by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (see fig. 1-6) and attenuated total reflectance spectrum (ATR-FTIR) (see fig. 7) shows that the adsorption degree of the cells by pyrolysis of the corn straw at 500 ℃ is most remarkable, the good pore structure can provide enough living space for the cells of the strain, and the increase of the functional groups on the surface of the biochar loaded strain can promote the increase of the negative charges on the surface of the biochar, so that the adsorption force of the biochar to the strain is increased. In fig. 7, the dotted line represents the biochar raw material, and the solid line represents the composite material of the biochar-supporting strain.
The study shows that the corn stalk charcoal prepared by adopting the limited oxygen pyrolysis method under the condition of 500 ℃ has the best adsorption effect on the Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) strain in the embodiment.
Example 2
The microbial fertilizer described in the embodiment takes corn straw as a raw material, adopts a biochar carrier prepared by an oxygen-limited cracking method at 500 ℃ and loads oligotrophic monad strains to obtain microbial fertilizer C-KSB; the biochar carrier is loaded with the stenotrophomonas strain and is mixed with the muscovite powder according to the proportion of 1:1 to obtain the microbial fertilizer C-M-KSB. The microbial fertilizer C-KSB and the microbial fertilizer C-M-KSB are preserved in dark at low temperature, and the preservation period is not more than 1 year. The muscovite powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.
In the embodiment, ryegrass is taken as a test object, and the technical effect of the invention is described.
1.1 preparation of bacterial suspension (KSB)
The glycerol-preserved Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) strain is inoculated into a potassium-dissolving solid medium, cultured upside down at 30 ℃ for 5 days, the activated strain is inoculated into an LB liquid expansion medium, cultured overnight at 30 ℃ at 180r/min, the bacterial suspension is centrifuged at 10000r/min for 10 minutes, the redundant culture solution is poured, the sterile distilled water is used for multiple rinsing, the OD600 value is adjusted to 1, and the strain is applied into soil according to the mass ratio of 5%.
1.2 treatment of Lolium seed
Selecting annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seeds with uniform grain size, weighing 1.5 times of the required seeds, adding deionized water, stirring and soaking for 2 hours, removing upper layer shrunken seeds, adding 3% hydrogen peroxide for soaking for 30 minutes, washing with deionized water, placing into a 25 ℃ incubator for 24 hours, inoculating into a culture dish for culturing for 1-2 days, and sowing into a pot when one end of each seed is about 0.5cm in length.
1.3 potted plant test design
The tested soil is collected from acid purple soil farmland of Boss mountain in rain city of Atlanta, and after the soil with the depth of 0cm to 30cm is collected and naturally air-dried, the impurities such as gravels and the like are removed, and the soil is screened by a 2mm sieve and stored for later use. The basic physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 4.01, total nitrogen 0.97g/kg, total phosphorus 0.19g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 1.88mg/kg, total potassium 8.08g/kg, slow-acting potassium 139.51mg/kg and quick-acting potassium 42.74mg/kg.
The test was performed in a Sichuan agricultural university facility greenhouse, 7 treatments were set for the test (as shown in Table 2), CK was blank, purple soil was 2kg per pot, and the tested fertilizers were potassium chloride (KCl, 60%), base Shi Niaosu (N, 46.2%) and superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 12%) each treatment was repeated 3 times. Periodically watering in the period, keeping no weed growth in the pot, harvesting after 30 days, measuring biomass of each crop and quick-acting potassium content of soil, crushing and sieving pot soil again after each crop is harvested, uniformly mixing the pot soil with the underground part of the plant which is cut into 0.5-1 cm, filling the pot, re-applying urea and calcium superphosphate, sowing the next crop of ryegrass, and continuously planting 5 crops.
Table 2 sets of processing methods
Figure GDA0004038199390000061
Note that: + represents addition.
2 data processing
Experimental data processing was performed using EXCEL 2016 and SPSS 22.0, and different treatment difference significance analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (least significant difference method LSD).
2.1 ryegrass biomass
The inoculation of potassium-releasing bacteria each treatment promoted the growth of ryegrass to a different extent (see table 4). Compared with CK, the biomass of ryegrass treated by KSB is increased by 32.95%, which indicates that the inoculated potassium-decomposing bacteria have growth promoting effect on ryegrass, the biomass of ryegrass treated by C-KSB is increased by 121.90%, which indicates that the effect of promoting the growth of ryegrass is better by the biochar-loaded potassium-decomposing bacteria, and the biomass of ryegrass treated by C-M-KSB is increased by 167.44%, which indicates that the effect of promoting the growth of ryegrass by the biochar-cooperated potassium ore material is better. Compared with KCl, the biomass of ryegrass treated by C-KSB and C-M-KSB is respectively improved by 58.44 percent and 90.94 percent, which shows that potassium-decomposing bacteria have obvious effect on the growth of ryegrass under the loading of biochar and biochar synergistic potassium ore materials, and is favorable for reducing the application of potash fertilizer and relieving the contradiction of potash fertilizer deficiency.
TABLE 3 treatment of Lolium Pericarpum biomass
Figure GDA0004038199390000062
Figure GDA0004038199390000071
Note that: * Different lowercase letters indicate that the difference in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels is significant for the same treatment at different planting stubbles; different capital letters indicate that the difference in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels was significant for the same stubble of the different treatments.
2.2 amount of potassium uptake by Lolium perenne
The potassium absorption of ryegrass treated by each way of applying potassium is obviously improved (see table 4). In the continuous potassium consumption process, when the 1 st stubble, the 3 rd stubble and the 5 th stubble are planted, the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass treated by C-KSB and C-M-KSB is obviously higher than that of other treatments, which indicates that the biochar loaded potassium-decomposing bacteria and the biochar cooperated potassium-decomposing bacteria loaded by potassium ore materials can obviously improve the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass, have long-term effect on improving the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass, can continuously exert the effect, and have better positive effect on the long-term potassium supply potential of soil.
TABLE 4 Potassium uptake from treated ryegrass
Figure GDA0004038199390000072
Note that: * Different lowercase letters indicate that the difference of the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass at the p <0.05 level is obvious under the condition of different planting stubble numbers in the same treatment; different capital letters indicate that the difference in potassium uptake of ryegrass at p <0.05 levels was significant for the same stubble of different treatments.
2.3 Effect of Potassium-solubilizing bacteria on soil quick-acting Potassium
After the continuous pot culture potassium consumption test, the quick-acting potassium content of each treated soil has a remarkable decreasing trend under different potassium applying modes (see table 5), and the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is improved by adding potassium-decomposing bacteria. The results show that the quick-acting potassium content of the soil treated by the C-KSB and the C-M-KSB is obviously higher than that of other groups, and the long-term supply effect is better; the C-M-KSB treatment has the best effect on improving the quick-acting potassium in soil and shows continuous quick-acting potassium supply potential. Compared with CK, the quick-acting potassium content of the soil of 3 stubbles before KSB treatment is not obviously different, and when the soil is planted to the fourth stubbles, the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is increased to a certain extent and is obviously higher than that of CK and KCl treatment, because the KSB strain still survived in the soil can continuously release the immobilized potassium in the soil, and the soluble potassium content in the soil is further increased. The quick-acting potassium content of the soil treated by KCl is higher than that of the soil treated by KSB only in the first three stubbles, the continuous effect of the potassium fertilizer is not long, the potassium fertilizer can be quickly absorbed by crops after being applied to the soil, and a large amount of the soil is taken away, so that the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is continuously reduced.
TABLE 5 quick-acting Potassium content of treated soil
Figure GDA0004038199390000073
Figure GDA0004038199390000081
Note that: * Different lowercase letters indicate that the difference in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels is significant for the same treatment at different planting stubbles; different capital letters indicate that the difference in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels was significant for the same stubble of the different treatments.
The Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) obtained by screening from acid purple soil has stable potassium-decomposing performance, and is particularly suitable for acid purple soil. The bacterial liquid has remarkable effects in improving the quick-acting potassium content of soil and promoting the growth of ryegrass, has development and utilization potential, and provides good strain resources for developing environment-friendly microbial fertilizers in purple soil areas.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A microbial fertilizer is characterized in that a biochar carrier is used as an adsorption matrix, and potassium bacteria are adsorbed on the carrier; the biochar carrier is prepared from crop straws serving as a raw material by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300-800 ℃;
the potassium decomposing bacteria is stenotrophomonasStenotrophomonas sp.The strain has a preservation number of CCTCC M2021355.
2. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the biochar carrier is prepared from corn stalks as raw materials by an oxygen limited pyrolysis method at 500 ℃.
3. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the step of adsorbing the potassium-decomposing bacteria comprises the steps of:
s1, preparing a beef extract peptone culture medium, and adding 1% of charcoal carrier into the beef extract peptone culture medium;
s2, inoculating potassium-decomposing bacteria into an LB liquid culture medium for activation, and adding activated strains into a beef extract peptone culture medium containing 1% of biochar carriers according to an inoculation amount of 5%; culturing for 12-24 hours;
s3, repeatedly washing and centrifuging the cultured solid by using phosphate buffer solution;
s4, freeze-drying after centrifugation, pre-cooling the freeze-dryer for 6 hours before use, and starting freeze-drying when the temperature reaches-20 ℃ to-35 ℃; vacuum pumping is started, the freezing temperature is-55 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.1pa, the freeze drying time is 8-12h, and the freeze-dried biochar loaded potassium-decomposing bacteria powder is stored at a low temperature of 4 ℃.
4. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising potassium ore powder, which is mixed with a biochar carrier loaded with the potassium-decomposing bacteria in proportion.
5. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the potassium ore powder is muscovite powder, and the potassium ore powder has a particle size of 200 mesh.
6. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the potassium ore powder and the biochar loaded with the potassium-decomposing bacteria are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1.
7. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the microbial fertilizer has a material moisture of 20%.
8. A microbial fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the shelf life of the low temperature storage is no more than 1 year.
CN202210038900.XA 2021-04-30 2022-01-13 Biochar carrier and microbial fertilizer Active CN114560734B (en)

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