CN111320985A - Biochar compound and application thereof in soil improvement - Google Patents
Biochar compound and application thereof in soil improvement Download PDFInfo
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- CN111320985A CN111320985A CN202010061037.0A CN202010061037A CN111320985A CN 111320985 A CN111320985 A CN 111320985A CN 202010061037 A CN202010061037 A CN 202010061037A CN 111320985 A CN111320985 A CN 111320985A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a biochar compound and an application patent thereof in soil improvement. The compound takes charcoal as a carrier and is loaded with a specific active bacillus strain, and the specific preparation steps comprise: preparing biochar, preparing humic biochar base powder, biologically fermenting fermentation liquor, preparing a biochar compound and the like. According to the application, the biochar product is prepared and matched with application of humic acid and a specific beneficial microbial strain, so that on one hand, the granular structure of soil can be obviously improved, the porosity of the soil can be improved, the ventilation and water permeability conditions of the soil can be improved, and the soil hardening condition can be improved; on the other hand, the special dominant bacterial strain is utilized to grow, so that the harmful mixed bacteria can be harmful, the soil fertility can be increased, and the growth of crops can be promoted. Preliminary application effect shows that the application effect of the biochar compound is obvious, and especially, the biochar compound can play the roles of improving soil and promoting crop growth for a long time, so that the improvement effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a biochar compound and an application patent thereof in soil improvement.
Background
Due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, soil recession is common and serious, and the safety of agricultural products and the sustainable development of agriculture are seriously threatened. The method faces the serious challenge of the existing agricultural production, and how to reasonably improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil and keep the stability of the soil is an important prerequisite for ensuring the efficient and sustainable operation of the modern agricultural production system.
Biochar is not charcoal for combustion in general meaning, but charcoal which is processed by taking agricultural biomass as a raw material and has extremely rich carbon content. It is the product of carbonizing organic matter in wood, grass, corn stalk or other crop waste material in oxygen-deficient environment through high temperature cracking. Due to the characteristics of easy obtaining of materials, rich hole structures and the like, the soil conditioner is an excellent material for improving the physical and chemical structure of soil.
When the biochar is actually applied to soil improvement, the main purpose is to improve the physical structure of soil by means of the particle characteristics of the biochar, and improve the soil fertility condition, so that the biochar is beneficial to plant growth. In particular, biochar, by virtue of its own abundant pore structure, can capture, store and convert greenhouse gases in the atmosphere into a very stable form, thus being sequestered in soil and serving as CO for photosynthesis during plant growth2A source; on the other hand, the biochar can adsorb and gather nutrient substances and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and the beneficial microorganisms further decompose nutrients in the soil or react with nitrogen elements to form organic matters to supplement the nutrients of the soil by virtue of living space provided by the biochar, so that the soil fertility is enhanced.
However, in general, the simple biochar still has a certain limitation on the effect of improving the soil, so how to further enhance the application effect of the biochar is still the direction of improvement in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide the biochar compound, and a certain technical foundation can be laid and certain reference experience can be provided for the development of the soil improvement technology by means of the compound.
The technical solution adopted in the present application is detailed as follows.
A biochar compound takes biochar as a carrier and is loaded with a specific active bacillus strain, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of biochar
Drying and crushing a biomass raw material, and then placing the biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition for pyrolysis and carbonization treatment, wherein the pyrolysis temperature and time are referred as: the temperature is 450-550 ℃ and the time is 100-180 min;
the biomass raw material is, for example, waste apple stems or branches;
the specific treatment process can be referred to as follows:
cutting a biomass raw material into small sections with the length of about 5cm, drying the small sections at the temperature of 110 ℃ for about 24 hours, crushing the small sections into wood chips by using a crusher, and then placing the wood chips into a carbonization furnace;
in a carbonization furnace, under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature can be kept for 120 min at 500 ℃ so that the biomass raw material can be fully cracked and carbonized;
after the carbonization treatment is finished, the carbonized wood chips can be further crushed by 200-400 meshes so as to be convenient for subsequent application;
(2) preparation of humic biochar-based powder
Dissolving humic Acid in an amino Acid (specifically, for example, Polyaspartic Acid (10%) in mass percentage) water solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the biochar prepared in the step (1) to ensure complete absorption, and drying to obtain humic biochar base powder adsorbed with humic Acid and amino Acid;
in the specific preparation, the biochar comprises the following components in parts by mass: humic acid =2: 1;
it is explained that Humic acid (Humic acid) is a macromolecular organic substance widely existing in nature, is generated by degrading soil sedimentary organisms by microorganisms, and has the functions of physiological activity, fertilizer synergism, soil improvement and the like; in the application, the humic acid is taken as the homobiology of the microorganism, so that the soil structure is improved, and meanwhile, natural nutrition and protection can be provided for the microorganism; and Polyaspartic Acid (polyastic Acid, (C)4H7NO4) x) is an aspartic acid carboxylic acid side chain polymer, naturally exists in an animal shell, and has dispersibility and biodegradability; in the prior art, polyaspartic acid is often applied as a fertilizer synergist and has certain chelating and enriching effectsIn the application, the combination of the biological carbon and the biological carbon can lead the plants to more effectively utilize the fertilizer, thereby improving the crop yield and improving the soil quality;
(3) biological fermentation broth and preparation of biochar compound
Fermenting with beneficial microorganism strain, and culturing and fermenting at 26-37 deg.C to obtain fermentation liquid; the viable count requirement in the fermentation liquor is as follows: 20-100 hundred million active spores/g;
after fermentation is finished, adding the humic biochar base powder prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing and fully adsorbing, and drying after adsorption is finished to obtain a biochar compound;
in order to facilitate practical application, the prepared biochar compound can be further made into granules through a granulator, so that the biochar compound is convenient to apply;
the beneficial microbial strains are specifically as follows: bacillus subtilis strain: (Bacillus subtilis) ZWCA02, wherein the strain is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 6.3.2019, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No.17889, the preservation address is: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North;
in the preparation process, the humic biochar-based powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: the ratio of the fermentation liquor = 60-80: 10-30.
The prepared biochar compound can be directly used for field application and can also be used as an additive of a fertilizer; when applied, the plant growth can be promoted, and the plant is specifically, for example, Chinese cabbage.
In the application, the inventor prepares a specific biochar product, and combines with humic acid application and specific beneficial microorganism strain application, so that on one hand, the granular structure of soil can be obviously improved, the porosity of the soil can be improved, the ventilation and water permeability of the soil can be improved, and the soil hardening condition can be improved; on the other hand, the special dominant bacterial strain is utilized to grow, so that the harmful mixed bacteria can be harmful, the soil fertility can be increased, and the growth of crops can be promoted. Preliminary application effect shows that the application effect of the biochar compound provided by the application is obvious, especially the biochar compound can play the roles of improving soil and promoting crop growth for a long time, the improvement effect is obvious, and therefore the biochar compound has good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the statistics of specific yields.
Detailed Description
The present application is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
First, it is to be noted that the present application relates to a specific beneficial microorganism strain Bacillus subtilis (A)Bacillus subtilis) The experimental use of ZWCA02 strain, therefore, this example first briefly describes the process of obtaining this strain by screening as follows.
In a test base used by the applicant (a base set by Wei chemical engineering Co., Ltd. in Henan, the applicant in the New Henan, the New plain), the inventor finds that the hardening condition of part of soil in the same plot is relatively lighter when being crossed with the hardening condition of other plots, and the crop yield is relatively higher.
A dilution plate method is adopted, soil samples collected from soil of a test base are dissolved with sterile water indoors, supernatant is sequentially diluted and coated on a plate, single bacteria are selected for plate scribing purification, primary screening and secondary screening are gradually carried out, so that dominant strains are selected and identified. In the screening and culturing process of the strains, a YEPD yeast extract peptone glucose medium (the YEPD plate medium is prepared by dissolving 10g of yeast extract and 20g of peptone, adding 20g of agar powder, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min, adding 100ml of 20% sterile glucose solution, pouring 10-15ml of the medium into each culture dish, cooling and solidifying, and inoculating the strains) is adopted for culturing at 28 ℃.
The results of further physicochemical property determinations are summarized in the following table:
by combining the results of the morphology, the physicochemical properties and the like of the related colonies, the inventor identifies that the method is as follows: bacillus subtilis, therefore this strain was named: bacillus subtilis ZWCA 02. In view of possible soil improvement application and crop yield increase application of the strain, the inventor further performs microbial preservation on the strain, namely, the inventor preserves the bacillus subtilis in 2019 in 6 and 3 months (namely, the inventor uses bacillus subtilis in 3 days of 2019Bacillus subtilis) The ZWCA02 strain is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center, and the preservation number is: CGMCC No.17889, the preservation address is: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
Example 2
The biochar compound provided by the embodiment takes biochar as a carrier, and a specific active bacillus strain is loaded, and the specific preparation process is summarized as follows.
(1) Preparation of biochar
The waste apple stems are used as biomass raw materials, and the specific preparation treatment process comprises the following steps:
cutting a biomass raw material into small sections with the length of about 5cm, drying the small sections at the temperature of 110 ℃ for about 24 hours, crushing the small sections into wood chips by using a crusher, and then placing the wood chips into a carbonization furnace;
in a carbonization furnace, under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere, the heat is preserved for 120 min at the temperature of 500 ℃ so that the biomass raw material can be fully cracked and carbonized;
after the carbonization treatment is finished, further drying the carbonized wood chips at 105 ℃ for 12 hours, and then crushing and sieving the wood chips with a 300-mesh sieve; the measurement of the obtained biochar finished product shows that the density of the biochar finished product is 0.55 g/cm3About 5% ash content and about 5% moisture content.
(2) Preparation of humic biochar-based powder
Dissolving humic acid in 10% of polyaspartic acid (PASP C)4H7NO4)xRelative molecular weight 1997), stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the biochar prepared in the step (1), and ensuringCompletely absorbing, and drying to obtain humic biochar base powder adsorbed with humic acid;
in the specific preparation, the biochar comprises the following components in parts by mass: humic acid =2: 1.
(3) Biological fermentation broth and preparation of biochar compound
Fermenting by using beneficial microbial strains, and culturing and fermenting at 35 ℃ to prepare fermentation liquor; the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation liquor is as follows: about 80 hundred million active spores/g.
After fermentation is finished, adding the humic biochar base powder prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing and fully adsorbing, and drying after adsorption is finished to obtain a biochar compound;
the beneficial microorganism strain is the bacillus subtilis strain (in example 1)Bacillus subtilis) ZWCA02 strain;
in the preparation process, the humic biochar-based powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: fermentation broth =70: 30.
Example 3
Based on the charcoal composite product prepared in example 2, the inventor conducted a study on a pakchoi (common pakchoi zehnder variety,Brassica campestrisL.ssp. chinensisMakino，var. communistsen et Lee) as a planting object, and practical planting experiments were performed, and the present example briefly describes the specific experimental procedures as follows.
Experimental conditions:
an experimental plot, which is a test base set by the Wii chemical industry Co., Ltd in Henan, uses chemical fertilizers such as urea and compound fertilizer in Henan, the soil has obvious hardening phenomenon, and the crops planted in the previous crops are rape;
the experimental design is 3 repetitions, and the area of each repetition cell is 3m × 4 m;
the planting time of the pakchoi is as follows: and during the 9-11 months in 2019, the height of the pakchoi and the yield of the pakchoi in each planting cell are measured in the planting process.
The experimental results are as follows:
after planting, the statistics of the height (centimeter) of the Chinese cabbage plants are shown in the following table:
note: tables 1-10 show the measured data for randomly selected samples in each treatment group.
CK1, CK2, and CK3 are blanks, no fertilizer was applied, and three replicates were set up;
the biochar 1, the biochar 2 and the biochar 3 are prepared by adopting humic biochar base powder to improve soil hardening conditions (namely, finished products prepared by the humic biochar base powder in the step (2) in the embodiment 2); the matrix treatment planting group does not contain any microbial inoculum, the application amount of the humic biochar based powder in each square meter of soil is 75g, and the three steps are repeated;
the microbial inoculum 1, the microbial inoculum 2 and the microbial inoculum 3 are the steps of (3) carrying out biological fermentation broth, and preparing biological carbon compound' middle biological fermentation broth, wherein the application amount in each square meter of soil is as follows: 1.5g (about 20 hundred million spores per gram) of Bacillus subtilis ZWCA02 microbial inoculum;
the charcoal 1, the charcoal 2 and the charcoal 3 are finished products of the charcoal finally adsorbed with the microbial inoculum and the humic acid prepared in example 2, and the application amount per square meter of soil is as follows: 76.5 g.
And further carrying out statistical calculation on the plant height results, wherein the heights of the plantlets of the single bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum treatment group and the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum + humic carbon base powder treatment group are obviously higher than those of the plantlets of other treatment groups.
The specific yield (g/m) of the Chinese cabbage2) The results are shown below in FIG. 1.
By combining the statistical result of the plant height of the pakchoi, analysis shows that compared with the existing single soil improvement structure utilizing biochar, the microbial inoculum adopted by the application indeed has the effect of obviously promoting the growth and the yield of crops. But with regard to single microbial inoculum and microbial inoculum + biological charcoal combined effect contrast, when the cooperation biological charcoal is used, further the crop increases, the yield-increasing improves the effect comparatively limited, but with regard to the effect of the preliminary observation of actual soil hardening, soil structure, compare in single biological charcoal to the soil hardening, the soil structure improvement effect when soil structure is hardened in the soil structure, single microbial inoculum, especially microbial inoculum + biological charcoal combined application is more excellent, this is also one of the main influence factor that crop height, crop output obviously promoted in this application.
Claims (8)
1. The biochar compound is characterized in that the biochar is used as a carrier, a specific active bacillus strain is loaded, and the biochar compound is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparation of biochar
Drying and crushing a biomass raw material, and then placing the biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition for pyrolysis and carbonization treatment, wherein the pyrolysis temperature and time are as follows: the temperature is 450-550 ℃ and the time is 100-180 min;
(2) preparation of humic biochar-based powder
Dissolving humic acid in an amino acid aqueous solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the biochar prepared in the step (1) to ensure complete absorption, and drying to obtain humic biochar base powder adsorbing humic acid and amino acid;
(3) biological fermentation broth and preparation of biochar compound
Fermenting by using beneficial microbial strains; the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation liquor is as follows: 20-100 hundred million active spores/g;
after fermentation is finished, adding the humic biochar base powder prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing and fully adsorbing, and drying after adsorption is finished to obtain a biochar compound;
the beneficial microbial strains are specifically as follows: the bacillus subtilis strain ZWCA02, which is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 6.3.2019, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No.17889, the preservation address is: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
2. The biochar complex of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the biomass feedstock is apple stems or shoots.
3. The biochar composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), after the carbonization treatment is finished, the carbonized wood chips are crushed and sieved by a 200-400-mesh sieve.
4. The biochar composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the biochar is: humic acid =2: 1.
5. The biochar complex as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amino acid is polyaspartic acid, and the mass fraction of the polyaspartic acid in the aqueous solution of the amino acid is 10%.
6. The biochar composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the humic biochar-based powder is: the ratio of the fermentation liquor = 60-80: 10-30.
7. The application of the biochar compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in crop cultivation is characterized in that the biochar compound is directly used in the field or used as a fertilizer additive.
8. The application of the biochar compound as claimed in claim 7 in crop cultivation, which is used for cultivating pakchoi.
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