CN114524693A - Water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114524693A CN114524693A CN202210070605.2A CN202210070605A CN114524693A CN 114524693 A CN114524693 A CN 114524693A CN 202210070605 A CN202210070605 A CN 202210070605A CN 114524693 A CN114524693 A CN 114524693A
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- reducing sugar
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- potassium
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 polyethylene pyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) soaking cotton stalks in a potassium hydroxide solution, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and soaked cotton stalks; washing the soaked cotton stalks to obtain straws; (2) adding the straws into a phosphate buffer solution, shearing, adding cellulase, stirring for 12 hours, and standing to obtain a supernatant which is a reducing sugar solution; (3) uniformly mixing potassium lignin and a reducing sugar solution, adding sodium bentonite, xanthan gum and polyethylene pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, adding 55% of powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% of potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid, uniformly stirring, grinding, and adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The invention relates to a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which utilizes cotton stalks to carry out enzymolysis and then compound large, medium and micro elements and microorganisms required by plants to prepare a suspension fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers, and particularly relates to a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The water soluble fertilizer is a kind of multielement compound fertilizer which can be completely dissolved in water, and is made up by using conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium raw material and some medium-trace elements through the processes of pulverizing and mixing, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, high nutrient content, small application quantity and capability of dissolving in water, etc., so that it can be used in spray drip irrigation and other facilities and agriculture, and can implement water-fertilizer integration to attain the goal of saving water, fertilizer and labour. With the development of integration of water and fertilizer, irrigation of the Xinjiang cash crops is gradually replaced by drip irrigation, the fertilization mode is gradually changed into full-process drip irrigation topdressing from the former mode of base fertilizer and flushing topdressing, and the water-soluble fertilizer becomes the main fertilizer for Xinjiang farmlands. The mode not only saves the irrigation quantity, but also improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and the yield is also high.
The water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing various raw materials, and because the particle size and the specific gravity of the raw materials are different, the problem that nutrients cannot be uniformly mixed easily occurs in the mixing process; and because the dissolution rates of the raw materials are different, the concentration of nutrients is not uniform during the drip irrigation fertilization, along with the extension of the dripping time, the easily-leached nutrients enter the deep part of the soil along with water, and the elements which are not easily leached are enriched on the surface layer of the soil, so that the waste of the fertilizer is caused. The heat absorption of dissolution causes the water temperature to drop, thereby affecting the growth of crops. Secondly, with the continuous application of chemical fertilizers to the soil in a large amount, the phenomenon of secondary salinization of the soil is more obvious by controlling the water amount, the disappearance of the basal application organic fertilizers leads to the lack of organic matters in the soil, although the straw is returned to the field as supplement, the rotting speed of the straws in the soil lacking of microorganisms is very slow, the organic matters cannot be effectively provided for the soil, the soil moisture preservation and temperature raising capability is poor, the seedling growing and development of cotton are seriously influenced by the stiff seedlings, rotten roots and long seedling revival time of the crops after the seedlings emerge due to the spring and coldness. And the return of cotton stalks aggravates the outbreak of plant diseases and insect pests. Although these occurrences cannot be directly attributed to water-soluble fertilizers, the development of water-soluble fertilizers is also restricted to some extent. In recent two years, along with the continuous increase of the price of raw materials, the water-soluble fertilizer needs high-purity raw materials, the price of the water-soluble fertilizer is higher, the cost of the water-soluble fertilizer is also continuously increased, and the development of the water-soluble fertilizer is limited under the condition.
Based on these circumstances, many manufacturers have also introduced a series of special water-soluble fertilizers, i.e., fertilizers having a special effect to solve a specific problem at a specific time or under a specific environment. The market mainstream of the water-soluble fertilizer mainly contains substances such as humic acid, fulvic acid, amino acid, microorganisms and the like. The raw materials are also water-soluble raw materials with high purity, and the cost is high; the fertilizers are simply mixed, the nutrient content is not uniform, the dissolution concentration is not uniform due to slow dissolution in the process of drip irrigation fertilization, the water temperature is reduced due to heat absorption in the dissolution process to influence the growth of crops, and the like, the added raw materials are generally 10-100 kg/ton, the amount of organic matters in the supplemented soil is limited, and the influence caused by returning straws to the field cannot be avoided.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a novel water-soluble fertilizer containing an enzymatic cotton stalk material, and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer, which is simple and prepares a suspension fertilizer by compounding large, medium and micro elements and microorganisms required by plants after carrying out enzymolysis on cotton stalks.
In order to realize the purpose, the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking cotton stalks in a potassium hydroxide solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and soaked cotton stalks;
washing the soaked cotton stalks to obtain straws;
(2) preparing a reducing sugar solution: adding the straws into a phosphate buffer solution, shearing, adding cellulase, stirring for 12 hours, standing, and extracting supernatant to obtain a reducing sugar solution;
(3) and (2) uniformly mixing the potassium lignin and the reducing sugar solution, adding sodium bentonite, xanthan gum and polyethylene pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, adding 55% of powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% of potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid, uniformly stirring, grinding, and adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, in the step (1), the length of the cotton stalk is less than 2 cm;
the mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide is 5 percent;
the temperature of the soaking treatment is 110-130 ℃, and the time is 40-80 min.
Further, in the step (1), the temperature of the soaking treatment is 120 ℃, and the time is 1 h.
Further, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the phosphate buffer solution to the straws to the cellulase is 70: 25: 5;
the shearing speed is 4000-;
adding cellulase at 45 deg.C and stirring;
the pH of the phosphate buffer was 4.8.
Further, the step (2) can continuously prepare reducing sugar solution, and comprises the following steps: after standing, extracting half of the supernatant, adding the same amount of phosphate buffer and straw, shearing, stirring for 12h, standing, and extracting half of the supernatant.
Further, in the process of continuously preparing the reducing sugar solution in the step (2), the step can be repeated for 7 times.
Further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of potassium lignin, reducing sugar solution, sodium bentonite, xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid is 5-25:5-30:1.8-2.2:0.15-0.25: 0.08-0.12: 10-50:10.7-53.7:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2.
Still further, in the step (3), the mass ratio of potassium lignin, reducing sugar solution, sodium bentonite, xanthan gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5-25:5-30:1.8-2.2:0.15-0.25: 0.08-0.12: 12-50:10.7-53.7:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1-4:1-4.
Further, in the step (3), grinding to particles of 75 μm;
the fineness of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 300 meshes.
The invention also aims to provide a water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cotton straws are treated by an enzymolysis process to obtain reducing sugar and potassium lignin, and then the reducing sugar and potassium lignin are manufactured into fertilizer to be applied to soil, so that the conditions of low straw returning utilization rate, plant diseases and insect pests caused by low rotting utilization rate and the like are reduced, and meanwhile, the reducing sugar and the potassium lignin can provide good nutrition for the compound beneficial microorganisms, so that the activity of the compound beneficial microorganisms is higher, and the effects of improving the soil, inhibiting diseases, promoting growth and the like are exerted.
2. Reducing sugar can be absorbed and utilized by plants, the root development of crops and the growth of the plants are promoted, so that the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved, the cold resistance, drought resistance and other capabilities of the crops are improved, and the yield increasing effect can be better exerted after the crops have developed root systems and stable vigor.
3. When the straws are pretreated, the potassium hydroxide and the buffer solution are prepared by using phosphoric acid, the potassium hydroxide and the buffer solution can neutralize the pH value after being mixed in the later fertilizer preparation, and the potassium and the phosphorus can be used as nutrients required by plants, so that the waste is not caused (the related steps can also be carried out by using sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and the like).
4. The added xanthan gum, sodium bentonite and polyvinyl pyrrolidone can improve the stability of the fertilizer.
5. The raw materials such as 55% of monoammonium phosphate, 55% of potassium chloride, zinc oxide and the like are relatively cheap, but the raw materials cannot be used as the raw materials of common water-soluble fertilizers because the raw materials contain a large amount of insoluble substances or are insoluble per se. The invention is prepared into suspended fertilizer and the insoluble substances are ground to 75 μm by a sand mill, so that the fertilizer can be applied to both spray irrigation and drip irrigation (the macro-medium micro-element raw materials can also be prepared by common raw materials).
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the water-soluble fertilizer and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention and achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the water-soluble fertilizer and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention, and the detailed description, the structure, the characteristics and the efficacy thereof. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The water-soluble fertilizer and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples:
the invention uses cotton stalks for enzymolysis, and then compounds the major and middle micro elements required by plants and suspension fertilizer prepared by microorganisms. Because the fertilizer is a suspension fertilizer, raw materials with relatively low purity can be selected, the corresponding cost is reduced, but the content is not reduced; the problems of uneven nutrient content, different application concentrations, dissolution, cooling and the like do not exist; meanwhile, the harm caused by returning the cotton field straws to the field can be reduced, organic matters are provided for the soil and the added microorganisms, the soil environment is improved, and the microorganisms applied to the soil are more easily survived to play a role. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking cotton stalks in a potassium hydroxide solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and soaked cotton stalks;
washing the soaked cotton stalks to obtain straws;
(2) preparing a reducing sugar solution: adding the straws into a phosphate buffer solution, shearing, adding cellulase, stirring for 12 hours, standing, and extracting supernatant to obtain a reducing sugar solution;
(3) and (2) uniformly mixing the potassium lignin and the reducing sugar solution, adding sodium bentonite, xanthan gum and polyethylene pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, adding 55% of powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% of potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid, uniformly stirring, grinding, and adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the length of the cotton stalk is less than 2 cm;
the mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide is 5 percent;
the temperature of the soaking treatment is 110-130 ℃, and the time is 40-80 min.
Further preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the soaking treatment is 120 ℃ and the time is 1 h.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the phosphate buffer solution to the straws to the cellulase is 70: 25: 5;
the shearing speed is 4000-;
adding cellulase at 45 deg.C and stirring;
the pH of the phosphate buffer was 4.8.
Preferably, the step (2) can continuously prepare the reducing sugar solution, and comprises the following steps: after standing, extracting half of the supernatant, adding the same amount of phosphate buffer and straw, shearing, stirring for 12h, standing, and extracting half of the supernatant.
Further preferably, in the process of continuously preparing the reducing sugar solution in the step (2), the step can be repeated for at most 7 times. The continuous enzymolysis process improves the activity of the cellulase and reduces the use amount of the cellulase.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of potassium lignin, reducing sugar solution, sodium bentonite, xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5-25:5-30:1.8-2.2:0.15-0.25: 0.08-0.12: 12-50:10.7-53.7:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1-4:1-4.
Further preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of potassium lignin, reducing sugar solution, sodium bentonite, xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid is 5:25:2:0.2: 0.1: 30:33.7:1:1:1:1.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mixture is ground to 75 μm;
the fineness of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 300 meshes.
The "parts" in the examples are "parts by weight".
Example 1 was carried out.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) straw pretreatment: crushing the aired cotton stalks into small sections smaller than 2cm, putting the small sections into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5%, soaking the small sections at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and the soaked cotton stalks.
Washing the soaked cotton stalks, and recovering the washing water to be used as pretreatment alkali liquor to obtain the pretreatment alkali liquor and the straws.
(2) Preparation of a buffer: adding 100 parts of water into a reaction kettle, adding 85% phosphoric acid by mass, adjusting the pH value to 4.8, stirring and heating to 45 ℃ to form a buffer solution for later use.
(3) The continuous preparation process of the reducing sugar solution comprises the following steps: adding 70 parts of buffer solution into a shearing kettle with stirring, controlling the stirring speed at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 25 parts of washed straws, starting the shearing machine, controlling the rotating speed at 4000 plus 4500 revolutions per minute, and closing the shearing machine after shearing for 40 minutes.
After keeping the temperature in the kettle at 45 ℃, 5 parts of cellulase was added and stirred. Stopping stirring every 12 hours, standing for precipitation for 30 minutes, extracting 1/2 reducing sugar supernatant for later use, simultaneously adding 70 parts of buffer solution and 25 parts of washed straws, repeating the process for 7 times, and then carrying out a new enzymolysis process without adding new cellulase.
(4) Adding 5 parts of potassium lignin solution and 25 parts of reducing sugar solution into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring (the rotating speed is controlled to be about 120 revolutions per minute), adding 2 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.2 part of xanthan gum and 0.1 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stirring for 10 minutes; adding 28 parts of 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 33.7 parts of 55% potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc oxide, 1 part of copper oxide, 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1 part of boric acid, stirring for 10 minutes, grinding particles in the fertilizer to about 75 microns by 2 serial pin type sand mills, then adding 1 part of each of bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens (the fineness of the bacterial powder is more than or equal to 300 meshes), and uniformly stirring to obtain a finished fertilizer product, namely the suspension fertilizer.
Example 2 was carried out.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) straw pretreatment: crushing the aired cotton stalks into small sections smaller than 2cm, putting the small sections into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5%, soaking the small sections at 110 ℃ for 80min, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and soaked cotton stalks.
Washing the soaked cotton stalks, and recovering the washing water to be used as pretreatment alkali liquor to obtain the pretreatment alkali liquor and the straws.
(2) Preparation of a buffer: adding 100 parts of water into a reaction kettle, adding 85% phosphoric acid by mass to adjust the pH value to 4.8, stirring and heating to 45 ℃ to form a buffer solution for later use.
(3) The continuous preparation process of the reducing sugar solution comprises the following steps: adding 70 parts of buffer solution into a shearing kettle with a stirrer, controlling the stirring speed at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 25 parts of washed straws, starting the shearing machine, controlling the rotating speed at 4500 revolutions per minute, and cutting for 40 minutes, and then closing the shearing machine.
Keeping the temperature in the kettle at 45 ℃, adding 5 parts of cellulase, stirring every 12 hours, stopping stirring, precipitating for 30 minutes, extracting 1/2 reducing sugar supernatant for later use, and adding 70 parts of buffer solution and 25 parts of washed straws. The process is repeated for 7 times and then a new enzymolysis process is carried out, and no new cellulase is added in the repeated process.
(4) Adding 10 parts of potassium lignin solution and 20 parts of reducing sugar solution into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring (the rotating speed is controlled to be about 120 revolutions per minute), adding 2 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.2 part of xanthan gum and 0.1 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stirring for 10 minutes; then 12 parts of 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 43.7 parts of 55% potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc oxide, 1 part of copper oxide, 1 magnesium sulfate and 1 part of boric acid are added and stirred for 10 minutes, particles in the fertilizer are ground to about 75 mu m by 2 pin type sand mills connected in series, and then 4 parts of bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens (the fineness of the bacterial powder is more than or equal to 300 meshes) are added and stirred uniformly, thus obtaining the finished fertilizer product, namely the suspended fertilizer.
Example 3 was carried out.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) straw pretreatment: crushing the aired cotton stalks into small sections smaller than 2cm, putting the small sections into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5%, soaking the small sections at 130 ℃ for 40min, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and soaked cotton stalks.
Washing the soaked cotton stalks, and recovering the washing water to be used as pretreatment alkali liquor to obtain the pretreatment alkali liquor and the straws.
(2) Preparation of a buffer: adding 100 parts of water into a reaction kettle, adding 85% phosphoric acid by mass to adjust the pH value to 4.8, stirring and heating to 45 ℃ to form a buffer solution for later use.
(3) The continuous preparation process of the reducing sugar solution comprises the following steps: adding 70 parts of buffer solution into a shearing kettle with a stirrer, controlling the stirring speed at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 25 parts of washed straws, starting a shearing machine, controlling the rotating speed at 4000 revolutions per minute, and closing the shearing machine after shearing for 40 minutes.
Keeping the temperature in the kettle at 45 ℃, adding 5 parts of cellulase, stirring every 12 hours, stopping stirring, precipitating for 30 minutes, extracting 1/2 reducing sugar supernatant for later use, adding 70 parts of buffer solution and 25 parts of washed straw, repeating the process for 7 times, and then carrying out a new enzymolysis process, wherein no new cellulase is added in the repeated process.
(4) Adding 20 parts of potassium lignin solution and 10 parts of reducing sugar solution into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring (the rotating speed is controlled to be about 120 revolutions per minute), adding 2 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.2 part of xanthan gum and 0.1 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stirring for 10 minutes; adding 46 parts of 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 10.7 parts of 55% potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc oxide, 1 part of copper oxide, 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1 part of boric acid, stirring for 10 minutes, grinding particles in the fertilizer to about 75 microns by 2 serial pin type sand mills, then adding 2 parts of bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens (the fineness of the bacterial powder is more than or equal to 300 meshes), and uniformly stirring to obtain a finished fertilizer product, namely the suspension fertilizer.
Example 4 was carried out.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) straw pretreatment: crushing the aired cotton stalks into small sections smaller than 2cm, putting the small sections into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5%, soaking the small sections at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and the soaked cotton stalks.
Washing the soaked cotton stalks, and recovering the washing water to be used as pretreatment alkali liquor to obtain the pretreatment alkali liquor and the straws.
(2) Preparation of a buffer: adding 100 parts of water into a reaction kettle, adding 85% phosphoric acid by mass to adjust the pH value to 4.8, stirring and heating to 45 ℃ to form a buffer solution for later use.
(3) The continuous preparation process of the reducing sugar solution comprises the following steps: adding 70 parts of buffer solution into a shearing kettle with a stirrer, controlling the stirring speed at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 25 parts of washed straws, starting a shearing machine, controlling the rotating speed at 4300 revolutions per minute, and closing the shearing machine after shearing for 40 minutes.
Keeping the temperature in the kettle at 45 ℃, adding 5 parts of cellulase, stirring every 12 hours, stopping stirring, precipitating for 30 minutes, extracting 1/2 reducing sugar supernatant for later use, simultaneously adding 70 parts of buffer solution and 25 parts of washed straw, repeating the process for 7 times, and then carrying out a new enzymolysis process, wherein no new cellulase is added in the repeated process.
(4) Adding 25 parts of potassium lignin solution and 5 parts of reducing sugar solution into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring (the rotating speed is controlled to be about 120 revolutions per minute), adding 1.8 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.15 part of xanthan gum and 0.1 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stirring for 10 minutes; 10 parts of 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 49.7 parts of 55% potassium chloride, 0.8 part of zinc oxide, 0.8 part of copper oxide, 0.8 part of magnesium sulfate and 0.8 part of boric acid are added. After stirring for 10 minutes. Through 2 serial pin type sand mills. Grinding the particles in the fertilizer to about 75 mu m, then pumping 2 parts of bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens (the fineness of the bacterial powder is more than or equal to 300 meshes) into the fertilizer, and uniformly stirring the two parts to obtain a finished fertilizer product, namely the suspension fertilizer.
Example 5:
(1) straw pretreatment: crushing the aired cotton stalks into small sections smaller than 2cm, putting the small sections into a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5%, soaking the small sections at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and the soaked cotton stalks.
Washing the soaked cotton stalks, and recovering the washing water to be used as pretreatment alkali liquor to obtain the pretreatment alkali liquor and the straws.
(2) Preparation of a buffer solution: adding 100 parts of water into a reaction kettle, adding 85% phosphoric acid by mass to adjust the pH value to 4.8, stirring and heating to 45 ℃ to form a buffer solution for later use.
(3) The continuous preparation process of the reducing sugar solution comprises the following steps: adding 70 parts of buffer solution into a shearing kettle with stirring, controlling the stirring speed at 100 revolutions per minute, adding 25 parts of washed straws, starting the shearing machine, controlling the rotating speed at 4000 plus 4500 revolutions per minute, and closing the shearing machine after shearing for 40 minutes.
Keeping the temperature in the kettle at 45 ℃, adding 5 parts of cellulase, stirring every 12 hours, stopping stirring, precipitating for 30 minutes, extracting 1/2 reducing sugar supernatant for later use, simultaneously adding 70 parts of buffer solution and 25 parts of washed straw, repeating the process for 7 times, and then carrying out a new enzymolysis process, wherein no new cellulase is added in the repeated process.
(4) Adding 5 parts of potassium lignin solution and 30 parts of reducing sugar solution into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring (the rotating speed is controlled to be about 120 revolutions per minute), adding 2 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.22 part of xanthan gum and 0.25 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stirring for 10 minutes; adding 20 parts of 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 32.7 parts of 55% potassium chloride, 1.2 parts of zinc oxide, 1.2 parts of copper oxide, 1.2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 1.2 parts of boric acid, stirring for 10 minutes, grinding particles in the fertilizer to about 75 mu m by 2 serial pin type sand mills, then pumping 3 parts of bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens (the fineness of the bacterial powder is more than or equal to 300 meshes), and uniformly stirring to obtain a finished fertilizer product, namely the suspension fertilizer.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soaking cotton stalks in a potassium hydroxide solution, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a potassium lignin solution and soaked cotton stalks;
washing the soaked cotton stalks to obtain straws;
(2) preparing a reducing sugar solution: adding the straws into a phosphate buffer solution, shearing, adding cellulase, stirring for 12 hours, standing, and extracting supernatant to obtain a reducing sugar solution;
(3) and (2) uniformly mixing the potassium lignin and the reducing sugar solution, adding sodium bentonite, xanthan gum and polyethylene pyrrolidone, uniformly stirring, adding 55% of powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% of potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid, uniformly stirring, grinding, and adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.
2. The production method according to claim 1,
in the step (1), the length of the cotton stalk is less than 2 cm;
the mass fraction of the potassium hydroxide is 5 percent;
the temperature of the soaking treatment is 110-130 ℃, and the time is 40-80 min.
3. The production method according to claim 2,
in the step (1), the temperature of the soaking treatment is 120 ℃, and the time is 1 h.
4. The production method according to claim 1,
in the step (2), the mass ratio of the phosphate buffer solution to the straws to the cellulase is 70: 25: 5;
the shearing speed is 4000-;
adding cellulase at 45 deg.C and stirring;
the pH of the phosphate buffer was 4.8.
5. The method according to claim 1,
the step (2) can continuously prepare reducing sugar solution, and comprises the following steps: after standing, extracting half of the supernatant, adding the same amount of phosphate buffer and straw, shearing, stirring for 12h, standing, and extracting half of the supernatant.
6. The production method according to claim 5,
in the process of continuously preparing the reducing sugar solution by the step (2), the step can be repeated for up to 7 times.
7. The production method according to claim 1,
in the step (3), the mass ratio of potassium lignin, reducing sugar solution, sodium bentonite, xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5-25:5-30:1.8-2.2:0.15-0.25: 0.08-0.12: 12-50:10.7-53.7:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2: 1-4:1-4.
8. The production method according to claim 7,
in the step (3), the mass ratio of potassium lignin, reducing sugar solution, sodium bentonite, xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 55% potassium chloride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium sulfate and boric acid is (5: 25:2:0.2: 0.1): 30:33.7:1:1:1:1.
9. The production method according to claim 1,
in the step (3), grinding is carried out until the particle size is 75 μm;
the fineness of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 300 meshes.
10. A water-soluble fertilizer characterized in that it is produced by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN115584655A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-01-10 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Method for preparing byproduct biological fertilizer by using wheat straw for pulping and product thereof |
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