CN1144346C - 同步整流管的自驱动电路 - Google Patents

同步整流管的自驱动电路 Download PDF

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CN1144346C
CN1144346C CNB001234889A CN00123488A CN1144346C CN 1144346 C CN1144346 C CN 1144346C CN B001234889 A CNB001234889 A CN B001234889A CN 00123488 A CN00123488 A CN 00123488A CN 1144346 C CN1144346 C CN 1144346C
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synchronous rectifier
voltage
self
diode
gate
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CN1339866A (zh
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华桂潮
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YIBO POWER SUPPLY (HANGZHOU) CO Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种同步整流管的自驱动电路。所述电路包括不对称半桥的主功率MOSFET(S1、S2)，变压器(Tr)，同步整流管(S3、S4)。该发明的主要特点在于所述自驱动电路还包括一个驱动绕组、两个二极管、两个稳压管，该发明所涉及的电路极大地改善了同步整流管的自驱动性能。该发明的另外优点是：结构相对简单、成本比较低、工作非常稳定、可靠性很高。

Description

同步整流管的自驱动电路
一种同步整流管的自驱动电路，属于电源领域。特别是指集成电路的电源。采用肖特基二极管作为输出整流二极管的低电压输出(如4～5V)的DC-DC开关电源，由于其正向导通压降约为0.4～0.6V，在低压大电流输出时，输出二极管上的导通损耗太大。由于低电压功率MOSFET的导通电阻很小，80年代初即陆续将其应用于低压输出的DC-DC开关电源，称为同步整流管(Synchronous Rectifier)。
同步整流管的驱动方式有外驱动(Extemally-driven)和自驱动(Self-driven)两种。由于自驱动电路结构相对简单、成本低且可靠性高，因此在小功率DC-DC变换器中同步整流管的驱动电路通常采用自驱动方式。图1(A)给出了一种不对称半桥电路中常用的自驱动电路，图1(B)则是电路中各点主要的波形。其中，Vgs1，Vgs2为不对称半桥的主功率MOSFET的门极电压波形，Vp为变压器原边电压波形，Vgs3，Vgs4为同步整流管的门极电压波形。虽然这种自驱动电路十分简单，但它只适合于输出电压为3V到6V。根据图1，可得同步整流管S3和S4的门极电压为：
V gs 3 = 2 N s N p DV in = 2 N DV in = V o 1 - D - - - ( 1 )
V gs 4 = 2 N s N p ( 1 - D ) V in = 2 ( 1 - D ) N V in = V o D - - - ( 2 )
其中，Vin为输入电压、Vo为输出电压、D为稳态工作的占空比、N为变压器原边到副边的匝比(以下同)。
如果假设电路在满载时，稳态占空比为30％，则Vgs3大约为1.4Vo，而Vgs4大约为3.3Vo。因为大多数同步整流管的门极驱动电压为4V到20V之间，因此只有当输出电压在2.9V到6V时电路才能正常工作。因为当输出电压低于2.9V时，同步整流管S3无法驱动，而当输出电压大于6V时，同步整流管S4会因为门极电压过高而损坏。
本发明的目的在于提供一种使同步整流管在输出电压更低(例如低于2.9V)或更高(例如高于6V)时都能获得正常工作的驱动电压的自驱动电路。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的：在该发明中，所述电路包括不对称半桥的主功率MOSFET，变压器，同步整流管；其特点在于：所述自驱动电路还包括：一个驱动绕组、两个二极管、两个稳压管，所述驱动绕组的两端连接到所述两个同步整流管的门极，所述其中任一同步整流管的门极与另一同步整流管的漏极之间连接有二极管，所述两个同步整流管的源极相连并通过所述两个稳压管连接到各自的门极。所述同步整流管的门极电压分别为：
V gs 3 = N a N p DV in
V gs 4 = N a N p ( 1 - D ) V in
其中Vgs3、Vgs4分别为两个同步整流管的门极电压，Vin为输入电压。调整所述驱动绕组的匝数使同步整流管在电源输出电压低于3V或高于6V时均能获得正常工作的驱动电压。所述两对二极管和稳压管的作用是：当第一同步整流管导通时，其中一对二极管和稳压管将第二同步整流管的门极电压钳位于零电压；当第二同步整流管导通时，另一对二极管和稳压管将第一同步整流管的门极电压钳位于零电压；所述的稳压管抑制门极电压，保护门极正常工作，二极管使两个同步整流管不同时导通。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。其中：
图1(A)为不对称半桥电路中常用的自驱动电路。
图1(B)为图1(A)中各点的主要波形(D＝50％)。
图2(A)为改进后的不对称半桥电路的自驱动电路。
图2(B)为图2(A)中各点的主要波形。
图3为正激电路的自驱动电路。
图5为全桥电路的自驱动电路。
图1为现有技术，前面已经说明。我们可以清楚地看到，本发明在同步整流管的自驱动电路中加入图2(A)所示一个驱动绕组Na、两个二极管D1和D2、两个稳压管ZD1、ZD2，所述驱动绕组Na的两端连接到所述两个同步整流管S3、S4的门极，所述同步整流管S3的门极与同步整流管S4的漏极之间连接有二极管D2，而同步整流管S4的门极与同步整流管S3的漏极之间也连接有二极管D1，所述两个同步整流管S3、S4的源极相连并通过所述两个稳压管ZD1和ZD2连接到各自的门极。从而极大地改善了同步整流管的自驱动性能。图2(B)则是电路中各点的主要波形，其中Vgs1、Vgs2为不对称半桥的主功率MOSFET S1、S2的门极电压波形，VP变压器原边电压波形，VNa为驱动绕组上的电压波形，Vgs3为同步整流管S3的门极电压波形，Vgs4为同步整流管S4的门极电压波形。
由图2可得：
V gs 3 = N a N p DV in - - - ( 3 )
V gs 4 = N a N p ( 1 - D ) V in - - - ( 4 )
将(3)式、(4)式与(1)式(2)式比较可知，当输入电压Vin、稳态工作的占空比D及变压器的原、副边的匝数NP、Ns一定时，改进后的同步整流管的驱动电压仍能通过调整驱动绕组Na的匝数，使同步整流管在电源输出电压低于3V或高于6V时均能获得正常工作的驱动电压。当同步整流管S3导通时，二极管D1和稳压管ZD2将同步整流管S4的门极电压钳位于零电压。从而保证在同步整流管S4可靠关断的同时又不增加其门极的驱动损耗。二极管D2和稳压管ZD1对同步整流管S3的作用也是如此。当同步整流管S3或者S4导通时，稳压管ZD1、ZD2对门极的过电压有抑制作用，从而保护门极，使其正常工作；而二极管D1、D2则确保同步整流管S3、S4不出现同时导通现象。
该自驱动电路不仅，可以用于不对称半桥电路，还可以应用于对称半桥电路(如图3)，其中包括占空比接近50％的零电压型半桥电路、正激电路(如图4)、全桥电路(如图5)。总之，该电路的结构相对比较简单、成本也比较低，但可靠性高，很好地解决了现有技术的不足，应用范围也相当广。

Claims (3)

1、一种同步整流管的自驱动电路，所述电路包括不对称半桥的主功率MOSFET(S1、S2)，变压器(Tr)，两个同步整流管(S3、S4)；其特征在于：所述自驱动电路还包括：一个驱动绕组(Na)、两个二极管(D1和D2)、两个稳压管(ZD1和ZD2)，所述驱动绕组(Na)的两端连接到所述两个同步整流管(S3、S4)的门极，所述其中任一同步整流管(S3、S4)的门极与另一同步整流管(S4、S3)的漏极之间连接有二极管(D2和D1)，所述两个同步整流管(S3、S4)的源极相连并通过所述两个稳压管(ZD1和ZD2)连接到各自的门极。
2、根据权利要求1所述的自驱动电路，其特征在于：所述同步整流管(S3、S4)的门极电压分别为：
V gs 3 = N a N p DV in
V gs 4 = N a N p ( 1 - D ) V in
其中Vgs3为第一同步整流管(S3)的门极电压，Vgs4为第二同步整流管(S4)的门极电压，Vin为输入电压；Na为驱动绕组匝数；Np为变压器原边匝数；D为稳态工作的占空比；调整所述驱动绕组(Na)的匝数使同步整流管在电源输出电压低于3V或高于6V时均能获得正常工作的驱动电压。
3、根据权利要求1所述的自驱动电路，其特征在于：所述两个二极管(D1、D2)和两个稳压管(ZD1、ZD2)的作用是：当第一同步整流管(S3)导通时，第一二极管(D1)和第二稳压管(ZD2)将第二同步整流管(S4)的门极电压钳位于零电压；当第二同步整流管(S4)导通时，第二二极管(D2)和第一稳压管(ZD1)将第一同步整流管(S3)的门极电压钳位于零电压；两个稳压管(ZD1和ZD2)抑制门极电压，保护门极正常工作，两个二极管(D1和D2)使两个同步整流管(S3、S4)不同时导通。
CNB001234889A 2000-08-17 2000-08-17 同步整流管的自驱动电路 Expired - Fee Related CN1144346C (zh)

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US09/932,398 US6583993B2 (en) 2000-08-17 2001-08-17 Self-driven synchronous rectification scheme for wide output range

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