CN114370796A - Small-caliber rotary bullet mechanical trigger fuse for safely processing explosives after misfire - Google Patents
Small-caliber rotary bullet mechanical trigger fuse for safely processing explosives after misfire Download PDFInfo
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- CN114370796A CN114370796A CN202210084491.7A CN202210084491A CN114370796A CN 114370796 A CN114370796 A CN 114370796A CN 202210084491 A CN202210084491 A CN 202210084491A CN 114370796 A CN114370796 A CN 114370796A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin
- F42C15/21—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin using spring action
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin
- F42C15/22—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin using centrifugal force
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger fuse for safely processing explosives after misfire, which adopts a bumping trigger mechanism, a centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism, a centrifugal safety mechanism of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism, an explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, and a recoil safety mechanism and a centrifugal safety mechanism of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism. The impact type trigger mechanism comprises a bidirectional trigger fire cap, a moisture-proof sheet and an upper body. The centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism is a centrifugal ball-spring-striker mechanism. The explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism is a ball rotor mechanism. The recoil safety mechanism and the centrifugal safety mechanism of the explosion-proof and delay relief safety mechanism are respectively a safety pin-shear pin mechanism and a split ring. The detonator has a simple structure, fully utilizes the detonator space, has the functions of explosion suppression, redundancy insurance, delay relief, self destruction, impact triggering, standby inertia triggering, ground blasting and fire suppression, and is safe in processing explosives after being misfire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of small-caliber shell fuzes, and particularly relates to a small-caliber rotary bullet trigger fuze with excellent processing characteristics of explosives after misfire.
Background
Small caliber artillery shells, which are generally 20 to 40 mm in caliber, are ammunition that is fired by artillery and performs the purposes of killing, blasting, penetration or other tactics, and are widely used in the army, the navy, the air and the air due to their high maneuverability and high firing rate.
The detonator is used for 20-30 mm caliber shell fuzes, can comprehensively meet the fuze safety design criteria due to limited overall dimension, and has the performances of ground rubbing, blasting, large-attack-angle ignition and self-destruction, and is difficult to achieve. And the sensitive explosive elements still exist even in a dangerous priming state after the misfire, so that the explosive processing safety of the unexploded explosive cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small-caliber rotating bomb head mechanical trigger detonator for safely processing explosives after misfire, which improves the explosive processing safety of the unexploded bombs formed after the small-caliber rotating bomb detonator is detonated, comprehensively meets the relevant requirements of the fuze safety design criteria, and has the performances of floor-scrubbing blasting, large-attack-angle ignition and self-destruction.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger fuse for safely processing explosives after misfire comprises a body, an upper body, a collision type trigger mechanism, a centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism, a centrifugal safety mechanism (namely a safety ring) of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism, an explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, a recoil safety mechanism (namely a safety pin-shear pin mechanism) of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, a centrifugal safety mechanism (namely an opening ring) of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism and a booster tube; the upper body and the body are coaxially arranged, the upper part of the body extends into the lower part of the upper body and then the upper part of the body and the lower part of the body are fixedly connected to form a fuse shell, and the impact type triggering mechanism, the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism and the explosion suppression and delay relief mechanism are sequentially arranged in the fuse shell from top to bottom; the safety pin-shearing pin mechanism restrains the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism on the body; the top surface of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertial triggering mechanism is sleeved with the safety ring; the open ring is arranged on the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, and the detonating tube is positioned at the bottom of the detonator shell and is close to the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism.
The impact type trigger mechanism mainly comprises a moisture-proof sheet and a bidirectional trigger fire cap which are arranged in the upper body; the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism mainly comprises a striker frame, a striker, a spring and a plurality of centrifugal balls; the firing pin points upwards to the bidirectional triggering fire cap, the safety ring is sleeved on the firing pin, the firing pin frame, the safety ring and the upper body jointly realize centrifugal safety of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertial triggering mechanism, and the explosion-proof and delay relief safety mechanism mainly comprises an isolation ball, a ball seat and two bidirectional input flame detonators; the safety pin-shear pin mechanism mainly comprises a safety pin, a shear pin and a sealing plug; the sealing plug is cylindrical and is arranged coaxially with the shearing pin, so that the shearing pin hole is shortened, and the processing property is improved; the isolating ball is provided with a transverse through hole passing through the center of the ball, and two bidirectional input flame detonators are symmetrically arranged in the transverse through hole; the top end of the isolation ball is provided with a first blind hole coaxial with the fuse; the body, the safety pin, the shearing pin and the sealing plug jointly realize the recoil safety of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism; the safety pin is arranged in the first blind hole on the isolation ball; the shearing pin vertically penetrates through the safety pin and extends into the isolation ball, the safety pin is fixed in a first blind hole in the isolation ball, and meanwhile, an upward extending part of the safety pin extends into a central hole of the body, so that the rotation of the isolation ball is restrained; the sealing plug is fixed on the isolating ball through spot riveting and blocks the shearing pin; the ball seat and the split ring form an explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, namely a centrifugal safety mechanism of a ball rotor component; the booster is arranged at the rear end of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, and the upper part of the booster extends into the body and is fixedly connected with the ball seat. The two-way trigger cap of the impact trigger mechanism is positioned at the top end of the impact trigger mechanism, the diameter of the two-way trigger cap is 60-90% of the diameter of the head hole (the second step hole) of the upper body, and the accuracy of impact trigger sensitivity, large-attack-angle ignition and floor mopping and frying actions can be improved. The centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism adopts a centrifugal ball-spring-striker mechanism, can realize centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering, wherein the striker is of a hollow structure and can not influence fire transmission when the fuse is self-destroyed and triggered. The explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism is a ball rotor mechanism, so that the two-way input flame detonator is in an explosion-proof state at ordinary times, and the delay relief function is realized after the safety mechanisms of the two-way input flame detonator are relieved, the fuse is guaranteed to be relieved beyond the safety distance of the projectile flying out of a muzzle, and the launching safety is guaranteed. The safety pin-shear pin and split ring achieve redundant safety of the ball rotor mechanism. The bidirectional input flame detonator in the isolation ball and the plurality of fire transmission channels on the isolation ball ensure that the bidirectional trigger fire cap output at the head part of the detonator can reliably ignite the aligned or misaligned bidirectional input flame detonator. If the bidirectional input flame detonator is in the alignment state, the fuse is normally ignited; if the two-way input flame detonator is in the misaligned state, the detonator realizes the fire insulation, and the explosive treatment safety of the unexploded explosive formed by the detonator misfiring is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the overall structure is compact in axial layout, the internal space is reasonably utilized, and the related design requirements of fuse safety design criteria are comprehensively met.
(2) The multifunctional electric heating cooker has multiple functions, is multipurpose, simplifies the structure, reduces the cost and is beneficial to improving the reliability.
(3) The function is divided into regions, the structure is discrete, and the test verification in the development process is easy to realize, so that the development period is shortened, and the development cost is reduced.
(4) The diameter of the bidirectional trigger fire cap is 60-90% of the diameter of the head hole of the fuse upper body, so that the accuracy of the impact triggering, large-angle firing and floor mopping blasting action is improved.
(5) Compared with the traditional firing pin, the firing pin has the advantages that the firing pin is easy to explode by the bidirectional trigger fire cap after being ignited, so that a fire transfer channel is formed, and flame or detonation is reliably transferred downwards.
(6) The isolating ball is provided with a plurality of fire transmission channels which are communicated to the inner side end of the bidirectional input flame detonator, so that the flame transmission of the bidirectional trigger fire cap is facilitated, and the fire insulation effect under the condition of not releasing the safety is reliably realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the mechanical trigger fuse for a small-caliber rotary bullet for safely processing explosives after misfire in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Referring to fig. 1, a small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger fuse for safely processing explosives after misfire comprises a body 1, an upper body 2, a bumping trigger mechanism 3, a centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism 4, a centrifugal safety mechanism, namely a safety ring 5, of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism 4, an explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, a recoil safety mechanism, namely a safety pin-shear pin mechanism 7, of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, a centrifugal safety mechanism, namely an opening ring 8, of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, and a booster tube 9; the upper body 2 and the body 1 are coaxially arranged, the upper part of the body 1 extends into the lower part of the upper body 2 and then the upper part and the lower part of the body are fixedly connected to form a fuse shell, and the impact type triggering mechanism 3, the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism 4 and the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 are sequentially arranged in the fuse shell from top to bottom; the safety pin-shear pin mechanism 7 restrains the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 on the body 1; the safety ring 5 is sleeved on the top surface of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism 4; the split ring 8 is arranged on the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, and the booster 9 is positioned at the bottom of the fuse shell and is close to the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6.
Furthermore, the upper body 2 is provided with a seven-step stepped through hole with different inner diameters from the top surface downwards along the central axis thereof, and is provided with a first-step hole, a second-step hole, a third-step hole, a fourth-step hole, a fifth-step hole, a sixth-step hole and a seventh-step hole from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the aperture of the fourth-step hole is smaller than that of the third-step hole and smaller than that of the fifth-step hole.
The impact type trigger mechanism 3 mainly comprises a moisture-proof piece 31 and a two-way trigger fire cap 32 which are arranged in the upper body 2, wherein the moisture-proof piece 31 is arranged in a first-order hole of the upper body 2 and is fixed through the top surface closing-up of the upper body 2, and the two-way trigger fire cap 32 is fixed in a third-order hole of the upper body 2. The centrifugal self-destruction and inertial triggering mechanism 4 comprises a striker frame 41, a striker 42, a spring 44 and a plurality of centrifugal balls 43. The firing pin 42 points upwards to the bidirectional trigger fire cap 32, the safety ring 5 is sleeved on the firing pin 42, the safety ring 5 is located in the fifth-step hole, the firing pin frame 41 is located in the sixth-step hole and is fixedly connected with the upper end of the inner wall of the seventh-step hole, the firing pin 42 upwards penetrates through the firing pin frame 41 and is axially constrained by the safety ring 5, and the upper body 2 is fixedly connected with the body 1 through the seventh-step hole of the upper body 2 in a threaded mode, so that the body 1 abuts against the firing pin frame 41. The needle striking frame 41, the safety ring 5 and the upper body 2 together realize centrifugal safety of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism 4. The explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 (i.e. a ball rotor mechanism) mainly comprises an isolation ball 61, a ball seat 63 and two bidirectional input flame detonators 62. The shear pin-shear pin mechanism 7 mainly includes a shear pin 71, a shear pin 72, and a closing plug 73. The plug 73 is cylindrical and is disposed coaxially with the shear pin 72. The isolating ball 61 is provided with a transverse through hole passing through the center of the ball, and two bidirectional input flame detonators 62 are symmetrically arranged in the transverse through hole. The top end of the isolation ball 61 is provided with a first blind hole coaxial with the fuse. The body 1, the safety pin 71, the shearing pin 72 and the sealing plug 73 jointly realize the recoil safety of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6. The safety pin 71 is disposed in the first blind hole. The shear pin 72 vertically penetrates through the safety pin 71 and extends into the isolation ball 61, so that the safety pin 71 is fixed in the first blind hole on the isolation ball 61, and meanwhile, the upward extending part of the safety pin 71 extends into the central hole of the body 1, so that the rotation of the isolation ball 61 is restrained. The plug 73 is fixed to the spacer ball 61 by a rivet, and plugs the shear pin 72. The split ring 8 is clamped outside a crescent notch at the lower end of the isolation ball 61, so that the rotation of the isolation ball 61, namely the ball rotor, is limited, and another safety, namely a centrifugal safety, of the isolation ball 61 is realized. The ball seat 63 and the split ring 8 form a centrifugal safety mechanism of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6. The booster 9 is arranged at the rear end of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, and the upper part of the booster 9 extends into the body 1 and is fixedly connected with the ball seat 63.
The diameter of the bidirectional trigger cap 32 of the impact type trigger mechanism 3 is 60% -90% of the diameter of the second-stage hole in the upper body 2, and when a fuse hits a target at a large attack angle or a small drop angle, the reliability of the action of igniting at the large attack angle and wiping the floor can be improved, and the trigger sensitivity can be improved.
Further, the safety ring 5 and the firing pin frame 41 are coaxially arranged from top to bottom, the safety ring 5 forms clearance fit between the firing pin frame 41 and the bottom surface of the fifth-step hole of the upper body 2, and the safety ring 5 can be thrown away under the action of centrifugal force to release the firing pin 42. The firing pin 42 is hollow and therefore does not interfere with the firing of the fuse during self-destruction and triggering.
Further, the safety pin 71 is provided with an axial stepped blind hole and two transverse through holes, the axial stepped blind hole is arranged downwards along the top end of the safety pin 71, the aperture of the axial stepped blind hole above the safety pin 71 is larger than that of the axial stepped blind hole below the safety pin, the two transverse through holes are axially arranged and respectively penetrate through the lower stepped hole with a small diameter to form a fire transfer channel, so that flame of the bidirectional trigger cap can be conveniently input and transferred to the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 in the isolating ball 61, the detonator can realize the fire insulation under the unremitting state, and the explosive treatment safety of the unexploded explosives formed after the detonator is misfired is ensured.
Furthermore, the isolating ball 61 is symmetrically provided with 2 fire transmission holes leading to the center in a plane passing through the center of the ball and perpendicular to the axis of the bidirectional input flame detonator, and the bidirectional trigger cap flame is transmitted to the inner end and the outer end of the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 in the isolating ball 61 by means of the plurality of axial eccentric fire transmission holes of the body 1 and the clearance between the ball rotor component and the cavity thereof, so that the detonator realizes the insulation in the non-safety state, thereby ensuring the explosive processing safety of the non-explosive formed after the detonator is extinguished.
Further, the centrifugal balls 43 are ceramic balls, such as zirconia ceramic balls used as bearing rolling elements, having a density of 6 g/cm3The friction coefficient is lower than that of stainless steel, so that the reliability of self-destruction, inertia triggering, floor mopping and blasting and large-angle ignition is improved.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the lower portion of the ball seat 63 is provided with a circle of flange, the bottom end of the body 1 is inwardly closed to the flange so as to fix the ball seat 63, so that the connection strength between the ball seat 63 and the body 1 is improved, and the structural integrity and the safety under the superposition effect of the launching impact overload and the explosion-proof internal pressure are ensured.
Examples
With reference to fig. 1, the small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator for safely processing explosives after misfire, which is disclosed by the invention, comprises a body 1, an upper body 2, a knocking type trigger mechanism 3, a centrifugal self-destroying and inertial trigger mechanism 4, a centrifugal safety mechanism, namely a safety ring 5, of the centrifugal self-destroying and inertial trigger mechanism 4, an explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, a recoil safety mechanism, namely a safety pin-shear pin mechanism 7, of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, a centrifugal safety mechanism, namely an opening ring 8, of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 and a booster tube 9; the upper body 2 and the body 1 are coaxially arranged, the upper part of the body 1 extends into the lower part of the upper body 2 and then the upper part and the lower part of the body are fixedly connected to form a fuse shell, and the impact type triggering mechanism 3, the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism 4 and the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 are sequentially arranged in the fuse shell from top to bottom; the safety pin-shear pin mechanism 7 restrains the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 on the body 1; the safety ring 5 is sleeved on the top surface of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism 4; the split ring 8 is arranged on the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, and the booster 9 is positioned at the bottom of the fuse shell and is close to the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6.
Further, the impact trigger mechanism 3 mainly comprises a moisture-proof sheet 31 and a dual-way trigger cap 32 which are arranged in the upper body 2, wherein the moisture-proof sheet 31 is arranged in a first-order hole of the upper body 2 and fixed through the top surface closing-up of the upper body 2, and the dual-way trigger cap 32 is fixed in a third-order hole of the upper body 2. The centrifugal self-destruction and inertial triggering mechanism 4 comprises a striker frame 41, a striker 42, a spring 44 and a plurality of centrifugal balls 43. The firing pin 42 points upwards to the bidirectional trigger fire cap 32, the safety ring 5 is sleeved on the firing pin 42, the safety ring 5 is located in the fifth-step hole, the firing pin frame 41 is located in the sixth-step hole and is fixedly connected with the upper end of the inner wall of the seventh-step hole, the firing pin 42 upwards penetrates through the firing pin frame 41 and is axially constrained by the safety ring 5, and the upper body 2 is fixedly connected with the body 1 through the seventh-step hole of the upper body 2 in a threaded mode, so that the body 1 abuts against the firing pin frame 41. The needle striking frame 41, the safety ring 5 and the upper body 2 together realize centrifugal safety of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism. The explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6 (i.e. a ball rotor mechanism) mainly comprises an isolation ball 61, a ball seat 63 and two bidirectional input flame detonators 62. The shear pin-shear pin mechanism 7 mainly includes a shear pin 71, a shear pin 72, and a closing plug 73. The plug 73 is cylindrical and is disposed coaxially with the shear pin 72. The isolating ball 61 is provided with a transverse through hole passing through the center of the ball, and two bidirectional input flame detonators 62 are symmetrically arranged in the transverse through hole. The top end of the isolation ball 61 is provided with a first blind hole coaxial with the fuse. The body 1, the safety pin 71, the shearing pin 72 and the seal plug 73 jointly realize the recoil safety of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism. The safety pin 71 is disposed in the first blind hole. The shear pin 72 vertically penetrates through the safety pin 71 and extends into the isolation ball 61, so that the safety pin 71 is fixed in the first blind hole on the isolation ball 61, and meanwhile, the upward extending part of the safety pin 71 extends into the central hole of the body 1, so that the rotation of the isolation ball 61 is restrained. The plug 73 is fixed to the spacer ball 61 by a rivet, and plugs the shear pin 72. The split ring 8 is clamped outside a crescent notch at the lower end of the isolation ball 61, namely the rotation of the ball rotor, is limited, another safety for the isolation ball 61, namely a centrifugal safety, is realized, and the ball seat 63 and the split ring 8 form the centrifugal safety mechanism of the explosion-proof and delay relief safety mechanism. The booster 9 is arranged at the rear end of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 6, and the upper part of the booster 9 extends into the body 1 and is fixedly connected with the ball seat 63.
The upper body 2 is in a circular truncated cone shape, a seven-step stepped through hole with different inner diameters is formed downwards from the top surface of the upper body 2 along the central axis of the upper body, and a first-step hole, a second-step hole, a third-step hole, a fourth-step hole, a fifth-step hole, a sixth-step hole and a seventh-step hole are sequentially formed from top to bottom. The diameters of the first-step hole and the fourth-step hole of the upper body 2 are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, the diameters of the fifth-step hole and the seventh-step hole are sequentially increased, and an internal thread is arranged at the bottom end of the seventh-step hole. The outer contour of the body 1 comprises a first cylinder, a first round table and a second cylinder from top to bottom, wherein the first cylinder and the second cylinder are provided with external threads which are respectively used for being connected with a seventh-order hole of the upper body 2 and internal threads of the mouth of the projectile body. The first round table and the outer contour (conical surface) of the upper body 2 have the same taper angle, the diameter of the combination part is the same, and the first round table and the combination part are in smooth transition. The inner cavity of the body 1 is a five-step stepped through hole which is coaxially arranged from top to bottom along the central axis and is respectively an eighth-step hole, a ninth-step hole, a tenth-step hole, an eleventh-step hole, a twelfth-step hole and a thirteenth-step hole. The eighth-step hole of the body 1 is used for clamping the striking pin frame 41, the striking pin 42 is arranged in the ninth-step hole, the tenth-step hole is used for accommodating the spring 44, the eleventh-step hole is used for clamping the safety pin 71, the twelfth-step hole is a part of the hemispherical cavity, and the mouth of the thirteenth-step hole is provided with a section of internal thread for being in external thread connection with the ball seat 63.
The isolation ball 61 is a round ball, and is provided with a transverse through hole passing through the center of the ball, and two bidirectional input flame detonators 62 are arranged in the transverse through hole. The inward ends of the two bi-directional input flame detonators 62 are input ends, and the outward ends are both input and output ends. The split ring 8 is clamped outside a crescent notch at the lower end of the isolation ball 61, so that the rotation of the isolation ball 61, namely the ball rotor, is limited, and one safety of the isolation ball 61, namely centrifugal safety, is realized.
The upper end of the isolation ball 61 is provided with a transverse blind hole which is a first transverse blind hole.
The top end of the isolation ball 61 is provided with a first blind hole coaxial with the fuse, the body 1, the safety pin 71, the shearing pin 72 and the plug 73 form a recoil safety mechanism of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, and the recoil safety mechanism of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism is mainly characterized in that the safety pin 71 is arranged in the first blind hole. The safety pin 71 is a cylindrical pin structure, and a transverse through hole, which is a first through hole, is arranged at the lower end of the safety pin close to the bottom end. Another transverse through hole, which is a second through hole, is provided at the center of the safety pin 71. The second through hole is also provided with another transverse step through hole which is a third through hole. A second blind hole coaxial with the fuse is arranged from the center of the bottom of the first blind hole through the first through hole and the second through hole, and the diameter of the second blind hole is smaller than that of the first blind hole. The shear pin 72 is disposed in a first transverse blind hole in the isolation ball 61 and passes through a third through hole in the safety pin 71 to fix the safety pin 71 to the isolation ball 61. The plug 73 is located outside the third port section on the spacer ball 61 to secure the shear pin 72.
The above is the assembled state of the fuze.
In the service processing stage, credible impact and vibration including falling, collision, transportation vibration and the like can not cause the fuze to change the assembly state. When the fuse head falls down, the upper body 2 and the damp-proof sheet 31 may deform and compress, but the dual-triggering cap 32 is not triggered, and the firing pin 42 does not puncture the dual-triggering cap 32 due to the safety action of the safety ring 5. The recoil safety mechanism (the safety pin 71 and the shear pin 72) and the split ring 8 of the explosion-proof and delay relief safety mechanism in the fuse are both positioned at safety positions, so that the explosion-proof and delay relief safety mechanism 6 is ensured to be in an explosion-proof state, at the moment, even if one or all flame detonators 62 bidirectionally input into the flame detonators are accidentally ignited and exploded, dangerous fragments cannot be generated outwards, the booster 9 cannot be detonated, high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous products cannot escape out of the fuse and enter a shot explosive chamber, the fuse and the shots cannot be accidentally ignited, and the safety of the service processing stage can be ensured.
When the projectile is launched, the safety pin 71 will shear the shear pin 72 and move downward under the recoil until the safety pin 71 no longer protrudes out of the outer profile of the isolation ball 61, and retracts from the central hole of the body 1, thereby releasing a safety function of the isolation ball 61. Then the safety pin 71 continues to move downwards until the bottom end surface of the safety pin abuts against the bottom of the axial blind hole of the isolation ball 61, and at the moment, the center of mass of the safety pin 71 is lower than the position of the center of the isolation ball 61, so that the safety pin 71 is ensured to be positioned at the bottom of the first blind hole of the isolation ball 61 due to the action of the centrifugal force and the friction force generated by the constraint counter force of the centrifugal force in the subsequent movement process of the isolation ball 61, the safety cannot be restored, and the isolation ball 61 is ensured to be correctly relieved of the safety.
When the shot is shot, before the shot moves to the maximum chamber pressure point, the recoil of the striker 42, the centrifugal ball 43 and the spring 44 causes the striker 42, the centrifugal ball 43 and the spring 44 to move downwards, and the spring 44 is compressed, so that the ring surface of the bottom of the striker 42 is abutted against the bottom plane of the central hole of the head of the body 1. The centrifugal ball 43 is thrown out along the radial hole under the action of centrifugal force, when the projectile moves to approach the muzzle, the rotating speed of the projectile gradually approaches the maximum value, the centrifugal ball 43 clamps the firing pin 42 on the position to be fired close to the bottom of the firing pin through the self-destruction inclined plane at the bottom of the firing pin frame 41 by the centrifugal force, at the moment, the firing pin point is far away from the bidirectional trigger fire cap 32, and the spring 44 is in a compressed state.
The projectile moves close to the muzzle, the rotating speed is close to the maximum, the split ring semi-ring opens the split ring 8 in the form of centrifugal moment under the action of centrifugal force, and then another insurance for the isolating ball 61 is removed. Thereafter, the isolation ball 61 is rotated by the centrifugal torque and rotated to the aligned position beyond the safe distance (the small caliber shell is usually taken as 20 m) when the projectile flies out of the muzzle, that is, the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 at one end of the isolation ball 61 is aligned with the firing pin holder 41 and the firing pin 42, the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 at the other end is aligned with the booster 9, the axis of the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 is coincident or nearly coincident with the axis of the projectile, and the detonator is in the arming state.
When the projectile moves to approach the opening of the muzzle split ring 8, the safety ring 5 is opened under the action of centrifugal moment according to the same principle as the split ring, the axial movement of the firing pin 42 is not limited any more, the inertia firing channel and the self-destruction firing channel of the detonator impact triggering mechanism 3 are opened, and the detonator impact triggering mechanism 3 is in a state of being fired.
When the projectile impacts the target in a forward direction or in a ground wiping and ground frying posture or in a large striking angle posture, the damp-proof piece 31 and the target piece jointly act to strike the top end of the bidirectional trigger fire cap 32 to ignite, or later the firing pin 42 moves forwards under the action of forward impact force to needle the bottom end of the bidirectional trigger fire cap 32 of the trigger mechanism 3 to strike to ignite, so that the tip of the firing pin 42 is broken, detonation products, particularly high-temperature high-pressure gas and solid particles, are downwards transmitted along the central channel of the firing pin 42 and pass through the central channel along the axis of the spring to directly trigger the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 at the upper end of the isolation ball 61 in an aligned state, the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 at the upper end of the isolation ball 61 then detonates the bidirectional input flame detonator 62 at the lower end of the isolation ball 61, then detonators the detonating tube 9, and the normal ignition and detonation process is completed. The dual trigger fire cap 32 is relatively large in diameter so that fuse wipe floor blast and high incidence fire reliability is achieved. The centrifugal ball-spring-striker mechanism has inertia triggering function redundant with impact triggering function, and plays a role in backup when the head is impacted and the fire is out of work, thereby improving the fire reliability.
If the shot does not hit the target during flying in the air, when the rotating speed of the shot is attenuated to a certain degree (before landing), the resistance force of the spring 44 is larger than the axial reaction force generated by the centrifugal ball 43 through the self-destruction inclined plane at the bottom of the needle striking frame 41, the centrifugal ball 43 is retracted into the radial hole of the needle striking, the spring 44 pushes the needle striking 42 to move forwards to poke the bidirectional trigger fire cap 32, the preset air self-destruction function is realized, and the ground safety is ensured.
If the ball rotor fuse fails to align unexpectedly, the detonation products of the dual initiation primer 32 will reliably ignite the dual input flame detonators 62 in the misaligned spacer ball 61 through the gap between the spacer ball 61 and its chamber and the predetermined radial ignition holes in the spacer ball 61 upon a predetermined triggering action or self-destruction, and the two dual input flame detonators 62 in the spacer ball 61 will also detonate each other without detonating the squib, at which time the detonator loses normal initiation function and enters an adiabatic state, thereby ensuring the explosive handling safety of the unexploded explosive formed due to the misfire of the detonator.
If the safety ring 5 fails to open by accident, the fuse will lose its self-destructive properties. However, the two-way trigger fire cap can still crush the tip of the firing pin and reliably transfer fire downwards, so the collision trigger function and the fire insulation function of the fuse still exist and are not influenced.
Claims (7)
1. A small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger fuse for safely processing explosives after misfire is characterized in that: the explosion-proof device comprises a body (1), an upper body (2), a collision type trigger mechanism (3), a centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism (4), a centrifugal safety mechanism, namely a safety ring (5), of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism (4), an explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6), a recoil safety mechanism, namely a safety pin-shear pin mechanism (7), of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6), a centrifugal safety mechanism, namely an opening ring (8), of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6), and a booster tube (9); the upper body (2) and the body (1) are coaxially arranged, the upper part of the body (1) extends into the lower part of the upper body (2) and then is fixedly connected with the upper part of the body to form a fuse shell, and the impact type triggering mechanism (3), the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism (4) and the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6) are sequentially arranged in the fuse shell from top to bottom; the safety pin-shear pin mechanism (7) restrains the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6) on the body (1); the safety ring (5) is sleeved on the top surface of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism (4); the open ring (8) is arranged on the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6), and the booster tube (9) is positioned at the bottom of the fuse shell and is close to the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6); the method is characterized in that:
the impact type trigger mechanism (3) mainly comprises a moisture-proof sheet (31) and a bidirectional trigger fire cap (32) which are arranged in the upper body (2); the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia triggering mechanism (4) mainly comprises a striker frame (41), a striker (42), a spring (44) and a plurality of centrifugal balls (43); the firing pin (42) points upwards to the bidirectional trigger fire cap (32), the safety ring (5) is sleeved on the firing pin (42), the firing pin frame (41), the safety ring (5) and the upper body (2) jointly realize centrifugal safety of the centrifugal self-destruction and inertia trigger mechanism (4), and the explosion-proof and delay relief safety mechanism (6) mainly comprises an isolation ball (61), a ball seat (63) and two bidirectional input flame detonators (62); the safety pin-shear pin mechanism (7) mainly comprises a safety pin (71), a shear pin (72) and a sealing plug (73); the sealing plug (73) is cylindrical and is coaxially arranged with the shearing pin (72); the isolating ball (61) is provided with a transverse through hole passing through the center of the ball, and two bidirectional input flame detonators (62) are symmetrically arranged in the transverse through hole; the top end of the isolation ball (61) is provided with a first blind hole coaxial with the fuse; a safety pin (71) is arranged in the first blind hole; the shear pin (72) vertically penetrates through the safety pin (71) and extends into the isolation ball (61), the safety pin (71) is fixed in a first blind hole in the isolation ball (61), and meanwhile, an upward extending part of the safety pin (71) extends into a central hole of the body (1) to restrict the rotation of the isolation ball (61); the sealing plug (73) is fixed on the isolation ball (61) through spot riveting and is used for sealing the shearing pin (72); the isolation ball (61), the safety pin (71), the shearing pin (72) and the sealing plug (73) jointly realize the recoil safety of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6); the split ring (8) is clamped outside a crescent notch at the lower end of the isolation ball (61), so that the rotation of the isolation ball (61), namely a ball rotor, is limited, and the other safety of the isolation ball (61), namely centrifugal safety, is realized; the ball seat (63) and the split ring (8) jointly realize centrifugal insurance of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6); the booster tube (9) is arranged at the rear end of the explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism (6), and the upper part of the booster tube (9) extends into the body (1) and is fixedly connected with the ball seat (63).
2. The small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator safe for post-ignition explosive processing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a seventh-step through hole with different inner diameters is formed downwards from the top surface of the upper body (2) along the central axis of the upper body and sequentially comprises a first-step hole, a second-step hole, a third-step hole, a fourth-step hole, a fifth-step hole, a sixth-step hole and a seventh-step hole from top to bottom; the diameter of the bidirectional trigger cap (32) of the impact type trigger mechanism (3) is 60% -90% of the diameter of the second-step hole in the upper body (2), and when a fuse hits a target at a large attack angle or a small drop angle, the reliability of the action of igniting at the large attack angle and wiping the floor can be improved, and the trigger sensitivity can be improved.
3. The small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator safe for post-ignition explosive processing as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the safety ring (5) and the firing pin frame (41) are coaxially arranged from top to bottom, the safety ring (5) forms clearance fit between the firing pin frame (41) and the bottom surface of the fifth-step hole of the upper body (2), and the safety ring (5) can be thrown away under the action of centrifugal force so as to release the firing pin (42).
4. The small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator safe for post-ignition explosive processing as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the safety pin (71) is provided with an axial stepped blind hole and two transverse through holes, the axial stepped blind hole is coaxially arranged downwards along the top end of the safety pin (71), the aperture of the axial stepped blind hole above the safety pin (71) is larger than that of the axial stepped blind hole below the safety pin, the two transverse through holes are axially arranged and respectively penetrate through the lower stepped hole with small diameter to form a fire transfer channel, so that flame of a bidirectional trigger cap is input from the top end of the safety pin (71) and is transferred to the inner side end of a bidirectional input flame detonator (62) in the isolating ball (61), the fuse realizes the insulation under the unrefused state, and the safe processing of explosives after the fuse is extinguished is ensured.
5. The small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator safe for post-ignition explosive processing as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the isolating ball (61) is also symmetrically provided with 2 fire transmission holes leading to the center in a plane passing through the center of the ball and perpendicular to the axis of the bidirectional input flame detonator, and the bidirectional trigger cap flame is transmitted to the outer side end of the bidirectional input flame detonator (62) in the isolating ball (61) by virtue of a plurality of axial eccentric fire transmission holes on the body (1) and a gap between the ball rotor component and a cavity thereof, so that the detonator realizes the fire insulation under the non-safety state, thereby ensuring the processing safety of the explosive after detonator misfire.
6. The small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator safe for post-ignition explosive processing as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the centrifugal balls (43) are ceramic balls.
7. The small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger detonator safe for post-ignition explosive processing as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the outer wall of the lower portion of the ball seat (63) is provided with a circle of flange, the bottom end of the body (1) inwardly closes the flange to fix the ball seat (63), so that the connection strength between the ball seat (63) and the body (1) is improved, and the structural integrity and the safety under the superposition effect of the launching impact overload and the explosion-proof internal pressure are ensured.
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| CN202210084491.7A CN114370796B (en) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-01-25 | Small-caliber rotary bullet mechanical trigger fuze with safe explosive treatment after misfire |
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| CN202210084491.7A CN114370796B (en) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-01-25 | Small-caliber rotary bullet mechanical trigger fuze with safe explosive treatment after misfire |
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| CN114370796B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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