CN114367731B - Tungsten and steel connecting method - Google Patents
Tungsten and steel connecting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114367731B CN114367731B CN202210119876.2A CN202210119876A CN114367731B CN 114367731 B CN114367731 B CN 114367731B CN 202210119876 A CN202210119876 A CN 202210119876A CN 114367731 B CN114367731 B CN 114367731B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for connecting tungsten and steel, and belongs to the technical field of dissimilar material connection. According to the invention, the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is adopted as the intermediate layer for diffusion connection of tungsten and steel, and the high-entropy alloy has excellent plastic deformation capacity (the compression deformation amount is more than 80%) and lower yield strength (167 MPa), so that the residual stress generated by unmatched thermal expansion coefficients between tungsten and steel can be effectively relieved, meanwhile, the special high-entropy effect can enable Fe, ni, cr and other elements in the steel to be completely dissolved in the alloy, so that brittle compounds are prevented from being generated between the intermediate layer and the interfaces of base materials on two sides, and the shearing strength of the joint is effectively improved. Experimental results show that the joint shear strength obtained by the method for connecting tungsten and steel is 230-255 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material connection, in particular to a tungsten and steel connection method.
Background
Tungsten and its alloy have excellent properties such as high density, high strength, excellent irradiation resistance, etc., and are a metal material with wide application range, for example, can be used as inertial rotating elements in the aerospace field, ultra-high sound velocity ammunition bodies in the weapon field, plasma first wall materials in the nuclear industry field, etc. However, tungsten has poor room temperature toughness and high price, and the high density of tungsten is contrary to the development direction of light weight and weight reduction of structural members, so that the application of the all-tungsten member in practice is limited. The connection of tungsten and steel to obtain a composite structure is one of the ways to realize and widen the practical engineering application of tungsten and its alloys.
However, there are two difficulties with diffusion bonding of tungsten to steel: firstly, the thermal expansion coefficients and Young's moduli of tungsten and steel are greatly different, and after connection is completed, great residual stress often exists in the joint, so that the joint strength is lower and even the joint is directly broken; second, tungsten reacts with metallic elements such as Fe, ni, etc. in steel to generate brittle intermetallic compounds, which also results in a decrease in joint strength and a deterioration in reliability. Studies have shown that introducing a soft metal interlayer between tungsten and steel is an effective method of reducing residual stress, while the interlayer can also act as a barrier to the reaction between tungsten and steel. However, these interlayer metals hardly react with the base materials on both sides, and although Ti, V, nb, etc. are completely miscible with tungsten, feTi, crTi, V is produced with steel 2 C. VNi, nbC, and other compounds; while the Fe and Ni intermediate layer does not react with steel, but generates Ni at the interface with tungsten 4 W, feW, which severely impair joint performance, making it difficult for joint shear strengths exceeding 200MPa.
Currently, in order to avoid brittle phases generated at the connection interface between the intermediate layer and the base materials at two sides, researchers try to use a multi-layer composite intermediate layer, for example, application publication number CN 112496518A discloses a method for diffusion connection of tungsten and steel by using vanadium (or titanium)/iron as the composite intermediate layer, and since vanadium (or titanium) does not react with tungsten and iron does not react with steel, the connection is performed by using an assembly mode of tungsten/vanadium (or titanium)/iron/steel, and no brittle phase is generated at the interface between the base materials/intermediate layer. However, feTi brittle compounds are generated between vanadium (or titanium)/iron interfaces, and the joint shear strength can reach 254MPa under the cladding of soft metals at two sides. Application publication No. CN 105216394A uses a titanium/niobium/nickel/three-layer composite interlayer for diffusion connection of tungsten and steel, wherein the titanium layer is in contact with tungsten, the nickel layer is in contact with steel, and the structure also controls Nb-Ni intermetallic compounds between soft interlayers, so that the tensile strength of the joint can reach 350MPa (the shearing strength is not reported).
It can be seen that the addition of a single layer of pure metal interlayer or the use of multiple layers of composite interlayers facilitates the diffusion bonding of tungsten to steel. However, while the use of a single layer of pure metal interlayer can relieve residual stress in the joint, block the reaction between tungsten and steel, it is difficult to avoid the interlayer from reacting with tungsten and steel at the same time, and brittle intermetallic compounds formed by these reactions are a major factor limiting joint strength. Although no compound is generated between the interfaces of the base material and the intermediate layer by adopting the multi-layer composite intermediate layer, the generation of brittle phases (hard brittle phases still can be generated between the interfaces of the intermediate layer) cannot be completely avoided, and meanwhile, the sample is complicated to process and operate before welding due to the fact that the multi-layer intermediate layer is introduced, the assembly difficulty and the workload are increased in multiple, and the method is not suitable for large-scale production.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method for connecting tungsten to steel, which can completely avoid brittle phase formation of the joint of the connecting piece, and the strength of the connecting piece is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for connecting tungsten and steel, which can completely avoid brittle phase formation of joints of a connecting piece and has high strength.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for connecting tungsten and steel, which uses FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy as an intermediate layer for diffusion connection.
Preferably, the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy comprises the following components in atomic percent: 10-35% of Fe, 10-35% of Co, 10-35% of Cr and 10-35% of Ni.
Preferably, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.5-1.0 mm.
Preferably, the connection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing first-step diffusion connection after assembling the tungsten material and the intermediate layer to obtain a tungsten-intermediate layer connecting piece;
(2) And (3) assembling one side of the middle layer of the tungsten-middle layer connecting piece obtained in the step (1) with steel, and performing second-step diffusion connection to obtain the composite connecting piece.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the first step diffusion connection is 900-1100 ℃, the time of the first step diffusion connection is 1-4 h, and the pressure of the first step diffusion connection is 10-50 MPa.
Preferably, the tungsten material in the step (1) includes one of pure tungsten, 93 tungsten alloy and 95 tungsten alloy.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature of the second step diffusion connection is 685-730 ℃, the time of the second step diffusion connection is 1-4 h, and the pressure of the second step diffusion connection is 50-100 MPa.
Preferably, the steel material in the step (2) includes one of low activation steel, stainless steel and G50 steel.
Preferably, the assembling in the step (1) and the step (2) are independently bonding by using an organic adhesive.
Preferably, the organic glue used in the assembly of the step (1) and the step (2) independently comprises one of 502 glue, an aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose, an aqueous solution of CMC and an aqueous solution of PEG.
The invention provides a method for connecting tungsten and steel, which uses FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy as an intermediate layer for diffusion connection. According to the invention, the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is adopted as the intermediate layer for diffusion connection of tungsten and steel, and the high-entropy alloy has excellent plastic deformation capacity (the compression deformation amount is more than 80%) and lower yield strength (167 MPa), so that the residual stress generated by unmatched thermal expansion coefficients between tungsten and steel can be effectively relieved, meanwhile, the special high-entropy effect can enable Fe, ni, cr and other elements in the steel to be completely dissolved in the alloy, so that brittle compounds are prevented from being generated between the intermediate layer and the interfaces of base materials on two sides, and the shearing strength of the joint is effectively improved. Experimental results show that the joint shear strength obtained by the method for connecting tungsten and steel is 230-255 MPa.
The method for connecting tungsten and steel provided by the invention is simple to operate, easy to control parameters and suitable for large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tungsten-steel composite connection prepared by the method for connecting tungsten and steel provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure view of the joint interface of a pure tungsten-stainless steel composite joint prepared in example 1 of the present invention; wherein, fig. 2 (a) is an interface microstructure of a joint of pure tungsten and FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy, and fig. 2 (b) is an interface microstructure of a joint of stainless steel and FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for connecting tungsten and steel, which uses FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy as an intermediate layer for diffusion connection. According to the invention, the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is adopted as the intermediate layer for diffusion connection, so that alloy elements in tungsten materials and steel materials can be effectively dissolved, brittle and hard phases are avoided, residual stress generated by unmatched thermal expansion coefficients between tungsten and steel is relieved, and the shear strength of a joint is effectively improved.
In the present invention, the FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy preferably comprises the following components in atomic percent: 10-35% of Fe, 10-35% of Co, 10-35% of Cr and 10-35% of Ni; more preferably comprises the following atomic percent components: 10-30% of Fe, 10-30% of Co, 10-30% of Cr and 10-30% of Ni. The invention can ensure that the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy has excellent plastic deformation capability by controlling the composition of the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy within the range, reduce residual stress caused by expansion coefficient difference between different materials when connecting tungsten and steel, and ensure that each metal atom has good high-entropy effect, so that each metal atom presents good solid solution state, thereby better enabling alloy elements which are diffused by a base metal when connecting tungsten and steel to be fully dissolved in the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy and avoiding the formation of intermediate compounds.
In the present invention, the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.5 to 1.0mm, more preferably 0.6 to 0.9mm, and most preferably 0.7 to 0.8mm. The thickness of the intermediate layer is controlled within the range, so that the tungsten and alloy elements in the steel can be more favorably fully diffused into the intermediate layer, firm metallurgical bonding is realized, and the joint has higher shear strength.
In the present invention, the connection method preferably includes the steps of:
(1) Performing first-step diffusion connection after assembling the tungsten material and the intermediate layer to obtain a tungsten-intermediate layer connecting piece;
(2) And (3) assembling one side of the middle layer of the tungsten-middle layer connecting piece obtained in the step (1) with steel, and performing second-step diffusion connection to obtain the composite connecting piece.
In the invention, the tungsten material and the intermediate layer are preferably assembled and then subjected to first-step diffusion connection to obtain the tungsten-intermediate layer connecting piece.
In the present invention, the tungsten material preferably includes one of pure tungsten, 93 tungsten alloy and 95 tungsten alloy.
In the present invention, the tungsten material and the intermediate layer are preferably pretreated before use; the pretreatment preferably includes grinding, polishing and ultrasonic cleaning performed sequentially. The operations of grinding, polishing and ultrasonic cleaning are not particularly limited, and the operations of grinding, polishing and ultrasonic cleaning, which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted to achieve good cleaning effects on the tungsten material and the intermediate layer.
In the invention, the tungsten material and the middle layer are independently and preferably bonded by adopting organic glue; the organic glue used for connection preferably comprises one of 502 glue, hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, CMC aqueous solution and PEG aqueous solution. According to the invention, the intermediate layer and the base material are glued by adopting the organic adhesive, so that preliminary molding conditions can be provided before hot pressing, the intermediate layer and the base material are ensured not to slide and to be fully diffused and firmly connected during hot pressing, and a connecting piece with higher shearing strength is obtained.
In the present invention, the temperature of the first step diffusion bonding is preferably 900 to 1100 ℃, more preferably 950 to 1050 ℃, and most preferably 1000 ℃; the time of the first step diffusion connection is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably 2 to 3 hours; the pressure of the first step diffusion bonding is preferably 10 to 50MPa, more preferably 20 to 40MPa, and most preferably 30MPa. According to the invention, by controlling the temperature, time and pressure of diffusion connection of the first part, the alloy elements in the tungsten material can be effectively ensured to be fully diffused into the intermediate layer, and a uniform solid solution is formed in the intermediate layer, so that the formation of a brittle and hard phase is effectively avoided, and the shearing strength of the joint is improved.
In the invention, the heating rate of the first step diffusion connection is preferably 8-12 ℃/min, more preferably 10 ℃/min; the cooling rate of the first step diffusion connection is preferably 3-8 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min. The invention is more beneficial to uniformly heating the connecting piece and reducing the thermal stress by controlling the heating rate and the cooling rate of the first-step diffusion connection in the range.
In the present invention, the first step diffusion bonding is preferably performed in a hot press mold; the material of the hot pressing mold preferably comprises graphite or pure tungsten. The hot-pressing die is more beneficial to rapid heat conduction of the connecting piece during hot-pressing treatment, and proper heating rate and cooling rate are obtained, so that the connecting piece is heated uniformly, and thermal stress is reduced.
In the invention, a cushion block is preferably adopted to separate the contact surface between the hot-pressing die and the tungsten material and the intermediate layer. According to the invention, the cushion blocks are used for separating the contact surfaces between the hot-pressing die and the tungsten material and the intermediate layer, so that the elements in the die are prevented from diffusing into the tungsten material and the intermediate layer to pollute the tungsten material and the intermediate layer in the hot-pressing process.
In the invention, the material of the cushion block preferably comprises BN ceramic and Si 3 N 4 Ceramics, alON ceramics or Al 2 O 3 And (3) ceramics.
After the tungsten-interlayer connecting piece is obtained, the invention preferably carries out second-step diffusion connection after the interlayer side of the tungsten-interlayer connecting piece is assembled with steel to obtain the composite connecting piece.
In the present invention, the steel material preferably includes one of low activation steel, stainless steel, and G50 steel.
In the present invention, the steel material is preferably pretreated before use; the pretreatment preferably includes grinding, polishing and ultrasonic cleaning performed sequentially. The operations of grinding, polishing and ultrasonic cleaning are not particularly limited, and the operations of grinding, polishing and ultrasonic cleaning which are well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted to achieve good cleaning effect on tungsten steel.
In the invention, the mode of assembling the interlayer side of the tungsten-interlayer connecting piece and the steel material is preferably bonding by adopting organic glue. In the present invention, the organic gum used for the connection preferably independently includes one of 502 gum, an aqueous hydroxyethyl cellulose solution, an aqueous CMC solution, and an aqueous PEG solution. According to the invention, the intermediate layer and the base material are glued by adopting the organic adhesive, so that preliminary molding conditions can be provided before hot pressing, and the intermediate layer and the base material are ensured to be fully diffused and firmly connected during hot pressing, so that the connecting piece with higher shearing strength is obtained.
In the present invention, the temperature of the diffusion bonding in the second step is preferably 685 to 730 ℃, more preferably 690 to 710 ℃, and most preferably 700 ℃; the second step diffusion bonding time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably 2 to 3 hours; the pressure of the second step diffusion bonding is preferably 50 to 100MPa, more preferably 60 to 90MPa, and most preferably 70 to 80MPa. According to the invention, by controlling the temperature, time and pressure of the diffusion connection in the second step, the alloy elements in the steel can be effectively ensured to be fully diffused into the middle layer, and a uniform solid solution is formed in the middle layer, so that the formation of a brittle and hard phase is effectively avoided, and the shearing strength of the joint is improved; meanwhile, under the second-step diffusion connection parameters, the residual stress in the joint can be effectively improved, and the shear strength of the joint is improved.
In the invention, the heating rate of the second step diffusion connection is preferably 8-12 ℃/min, more preferably 10 ℃/min; the cooling rate of the second step diffusion connection is preferably 3-8 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min. The invention is more beneficial to uniformly heating the connecting piece and reducing the thermal stress by controlling the heating rate and the cooling rate of the diffusion connection in the second step within the range.
In the present invention, the second step diffusion bonding is preferably performed in a hot press mold; the material of the hot pressing mold preferably comprises graphite or pure tungsten. The hot-pressing die is more beneficial to rapid heat conduction of the connecting piece during hot-pressing treatment, and proper heating rate and cooling rate are obtained, so that the connecting piece is heated uniformly, and thermal stress is reduced.
The invention preferably employs spacers to space the hot press die from the interface between the tungsten-interlayer connection and the steel. According to the invention, the contact surfaces between the hot-pressing die and the tungsten-interlayer connecting piece and the steel are separated by the cushion blocks, so that elements in the die can be prevented from diffusing into the tungsten-interlayer connecting piece and the steel to pollute the tungsten-interlayer connecting piece and the steel in the hot-pressing process.
In the invention, the material of the cushion block preferably comprises BN ceramic and Si 3 N 4 Ceramics, alON ceramics or Al 2 O 3 And (3) ceramics.
According to the method for connecting tungsten and steel, feCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is adopted as the intermediate layer to connect tungsten and steel in a diffusion way, so that brittle compounds generated between the intermediate layer and the interfaces of base materials on two sides can be avoided, and the shearing strength of a joint is effectively improved; and the operation is simple, the parameters are easy to control, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.
A schematic diagram of a tungsten-steel composite connecting piece prepared by the tungsten-steel connecting method is shown in figure 1. According to the invention, the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is used as an intermediate layer to connect tungsten and steel, and firm connection of tungsten and steel can be realized by adopting a single-layer FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy, so that the operation is simple.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
According to the method for connecting tungsten and steel provided by the embodiment, feCoCrNi high-entropy alloy with equal atomic ratio (namely Fe 25%, co 25%, cr 25% and Ni 25%) is used as an intermediate layer to connect pure tungsten and stainless steel, and the pure tungsten/FeCoCrNi/stainless steel joint is prepared by the following specific connection method:
(1) Pure tungsten, stainless steel wires were cut into 10mm×10mm×5mm specimens, and FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy button ingots were cut into 10mm×10mm×0.8mm (i.e., 0.8mm thick) pieces.
(2) The 10mm x 10mm surface of stainless steel, pure tungsten and FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy was pretreated as follows: sequentially polishing with 500# SiC abrasive paper, 800# SiC abrasive paper, 1200# SiC abrasive paper, 1500# SiC abrasive paper and 2000# SiC abrasive paper, polishing with diamond polishing agent with granularity of 1 mu m until no obvious scratch exists on the surface to be welded, and finally ultrasonically cleaning with alcohol for 20min and drying.
(3) The FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is stuck on the surface of pure tungsten by a small amount of 502 glue and is put into a graphite die. Al for high-entropy alloy and pure tungsten and die contact surface 2 O 3 The cushion blocks are spaced apart.
(4) Putting the die into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for performing first-step diffusion connection to obtain a FeCoCrNi/pure tungsten connecting piece; wherein the first step diffuses the connection parameter: the temperature is 900 ℃, the time is 1h, the pressure is 50MPa, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min.
(5) And (3) treating the surface of FeCoCrNi in the FeCoCrNi/pure tungsten connecting piece according to the pretreatment method of the step (2).
(6) And (3) adhering the stainless steel on the surface of the FeCoCrNi/pure tungsten connecting piece by using 502 glue, and placing the stainless steel into a graphite mold. Al for contact surface of stainless steel and pure tungsten with mould 2 O 3 The cushion blocks are spaced apart.
(7) Putting the die into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for performing second-step diffusion connection to obtain a composite connecting piece; wherein, the diffusion connection parameters of the second step are as follows: the temperature is 700 ℃, the time is 2 hours, the pressure is 100MPa, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min. The joint shear strength after cooling was 236MPa.
A microstructure view of the joint interface of the pure tungsten-stainless steel composite joint prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 2; wherein, fig. 2 (a) is an interface microstructure of a joint of pure tungsten and FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy, and fig. 2 (b) is an interface microstructure of a joint of stainless steel and FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the interface between pure tungsten, the intermediate layer and stainless steel at the joint is clear, the structure of each part is uniform, no hard and brittle phases are formed, and the problems of any structural defects, cracks and the like are avoided.
Example 2
According to the method for connecting tungsten and steel provided by the embodiment, feCoCrNi high-entropy alloy with equal atomic ratio (namely Fe 25%, co 25%, cr 25% and Ni 25%) is used as an intermediate layer to connect pure tungsten 93 tungsten and G50 steel, and 93 tungsten/FeCoCrNi/G50 steel joint is prepared by the following specific connection method:
(1) 93 tungsten, G50 steel wires were cut into 10mm by 5mm specimens, and FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy button ingots were cut into 10mm by 1mm (i.e., 1mm thick) chips.
(2) The 10mm x 10mm surface of 93 tungsten, G50 steel, feCoCrNi high entropy alloy was pretreated as follows: sequentially polishing with 500# SiC abrasive paper, 800# SiC abrasive paper, 1200# SiC abrasive paper, 1500# SiC abrasive paper and 2000# SiC abrasive paper, polishing with diamond polishing agent with granularity of 1 mu m until no obvious scratch exists on the surface to be welded, and finally ultrasonically cleaning with alcohol for 20min and drying.
(3) And (3) bonding the surfaces to be welded of the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy and 93 tungsten by using a small amount of 502 glue, and placing the surfaces into a graphite die. FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy and pure tungsten and Al for die contact surface 2 O 3 The cushion blocks are spaced apart.
(4) Putting the die into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for first-step diffusion connection, wherein the first-step diffusion connection parameters are as follows: the temperature is 1000 ℃, the time is 3 hours, the pressure is 50MPa, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min.
(5) And (3) treating the surface of FeCoCrNi in the FeCoCrNi/93 tungsten connecting piece according to the pretreatment method of the step (2).
(6) And (3) adhering the stainless steel on the surface of the FeCoCrNi/93 tungsten connecting piece by using 502 glue, and placing the stainless steel into a graphite die. Al for contact surface of stainless steel and 93 tungsten with mould 2 O 3 The cushion blocks are spaced apart.
(7) Putting the die into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for second-step diffusion connection, wherein the second-step diffusion connection parameters are as follows: the temperature is 700 ℃, the time is 2 hours, the pressure is 100MPa, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min. The shear strength of the joint after cooling was 255MPa.
Example 3
The connection method of tungsten and steel provided by the embodiment adopts FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy with equal atomic ratio (namely Fe 25%, co 25%, cr 25% and Ni 25%) as an intermediate layer to connect 95 tungsten and low-activation steel, and the specific connection method is as follows:
(1) The 95 tungsten, low activation steel wire was cut into 10mm×5mm samples, and the FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy button ingot was cut into 10mm×5mm×0.8mm (i.e., 0.8mm thick) pieces.
(2) The 10mm x 5mm surface of 95 tungsten, low activation steel, feCoCrNi high entropy alloy was pretreated as follows: sequentially polishing with 500# SiC abrasive paper, 800# SiC abrasive paper, 1200# SiC abrasive paper, 1500# SiC abrasive paper and 2000# SiC abrasive paper, polishing with diamond polishing agent with granularity of 1 mu m until no obvious scratch exists on the surface to be welded, and finally ultrasonically cleaning with alcohol for 20min and drying.
(3) And (3) bonding the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy and the surface to be welded of 95 tungsten by using a 5% hydroxyethyl cellulose aqueous solution, and placing the bonded surfaces into a graphite die. FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy and Al for contact surface of 95 tungsten and die 2 O 3 The cushion blocks are spaced apart.
(4) Putting the die into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for first-step diffusion connection, wherein the first-step diffusion connection parameters are as follows: the temperature is 1100 ℃, the time is 1h, the pressure is 10MPa, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min.
(5) And (3) treating the surface of FeCoCrNi in the FeCoCrNi/95 tungsten connecting piece according to the pretreatment method of the step (2).
(6) And (3) adhering the stainless steel on the surface of the FeCoCrNi/95 tungsten connecting piece by using 502 glue, and placing the stainless steel into a graphite die. Al for contact surface of stainless steel and 95 tungsten with mould 2 O 3 The cushion blocks are spaced apart.
(7) Putting the die into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for second-step diffusion connection, wherein the second-step diffusion connection parameters are as follows: the temperature is 715 ℃, the time is 3 hours, the pressure is 100MPa, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min. The joint shear strength after cooling was 230MPa.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for connecting tungsten and steel is characterized in that FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy is used as an intermediate layer for diffusion connection; the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy comprises the following components in atomic percent: fe 25%, co 25%, cr 25% and Ni 25%;
the connecting method comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing first-step diffusion connection after assembling the tungsten material and the intermediate layer to obtain a tungsten-intermediate layer connecting piece;
(2) Performing second-step diffusion connection after assembling one side of the middle layer of the tungsten-middle layer connecting piece obtained in the step (1) with steel to obtain a composite connecting piece;
the temperature of the first step diffusion connection in the step (1) is 900-1100 ℃, the time of the first step diffusion connection is 1-4 h, and the pressure of the first step diffusion connection is 10-50 MPa;
the temperature of diffusion connection in the second step in the step (2) is 685-730 ℃, the time of diffusion connection in the second step is 1-4 h, and the pressure of diffusion connection in the second step is 50-100 MPa;
and (3) independently adopting an organic adhesive for bonding in the assembly mode in the step (1) and the step (2).
2. The connection method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.5 to 1.0mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tungsten material in step (1) comprises one of pure tungsten, 93 tungsten alloy, and 95 tungsten alloy.
4. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein the steel material in the step (2) comprises one of low-activation steel, stainless steel, and G50 steel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic glue used in the assembly of step (1) and step (2) comprises independently one of 502 glue, an aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose, an aqueous solution of CMC, and an aqueous solution of PEG.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210119876.2A CN114367731B (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2022-02-09 | Tungsten and steel connecting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| JP3626920B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2005-03-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Clad structure material and manufacturing method of clad structure material |
| FR2984782B1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-09-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD OF ASSEMBLING THE DIFFUSION WELDING OF A HIGH CARBON STEEL PIECE WITH A STEEL OR LOW CARBON NICKEL ALLOY PART AND ASSEMBLY THUS OBTAINED |
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| JP2006263809A (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-10-05 | Origin Electric Co Ltd | Diffusion bonding method for metal |
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