CN114325244B - Line short-circuit fault positioning method and system based on direct signal convolution - Google Patents
Line short-circuit fault positioning method and system based on direct signal convolution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a line short-circuit fault positioning method and a system based on direct signal convolution, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches; respectively calculating the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches; and acquiring the convolution signal energy maximum value from convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches, wherein the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is the real fault positioning position, and outputting the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value as the real fault positioning position. The method is applicable to networks with different topological structures; the fault positioning process does not need to carry out time domain inversion on transient signals generated by faults; and the circuit short-circuit fault location can be realized through a hardware system by using EMTP software to perform one-time simulation calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault location, and particularly relates to a line short-circuit fault location method and system based on direct signal convolution.
Background
The bare conductor of the overhead transmission line is exposed to the air for a long time, and when severe weather environments (such as low temperature, rain and snow and the like) are encountered, the conditions of line icing or lightning stroke, insulator wet flashing, pollution flashover and the like can occur to cause line faults. To ensure safe operation of the transmission line, the position where the line fault occurs needs to be rapidly positioned, so that the power failure time is shortened as much as possible, and the influence and loss caused by the fault are avoided to be further enlarged.
The current common short-circuit fault positioning method of the power transmission line mainly comprises an impedance method, a traveling wave method, an artificial intelligent algorithm, an electromagnetic time domain inversion (EMTR) method and the like. The impedance method is used for realizing accurate measurement of normal working conditions such as line impedance, line load, power supply parameters and the like, which are highly dependent on fault point positioning, and is not suitable for situations such as high-resistance grounding, broken line faults, multi-power supply lines and the like. The position accuracy of the traveling wave is greatly influenced by the detection accuracy of the traveling wave signals, and for the power distribution network, besides the characteristics of huge scale and complex branches, a mixed line with variable wave impedance and wave speed exists, the refraction and reflection conditions of the traveling wave at different end points are complex, and the accurate acquisition of the wave signals cannot be ensured. The implementation of the artificial intelligence method requires a large amount of data as a basis for training the model, and is still in a starting stage at present, and related practical application is still yet to be developed. The EMTR fault positioning method is increasingly widely applied due to the advantages of clear physical meaning, good noise resistance, high positioning precision and the like.
One of the most important links in the conventional EMTR fault locating method is to perform time domain inversion operation on the signal, which means to change the time flow direction, i.e. to run backward instead of forward. The time sign is changed in mathematical expression:
the EMTR fault locating method is divided into two sections: the forward process collects electromagnetic transient signals generated by faults at two ends of a transmission line, the reverse process sets short circuit branches at different positions of the transmission line as guessing fault points, and current sources obtained after time domain inversion of the transient signals are subjected to Norton equivalence are refilled to the two ends of the transmission line.
In the past, because of the time-space focusing property of time domain inversion, reverse signal energy is converged at a signal source in a forward process, so that only the energy size of short-circuit current is calculated, and the position with the maximum energy is the true fault position. In reality, however, the convergence of the energy is due to the same transfer function for the forward and reverse processes, and is not necessarily related to time-domain inversion of the signal or not.
In the research process of the current EMTR fault positioning method, transient signals subjected to time domain inversion are required to be used as sources, simulation calculation is carried out in EMTP software for each positioning, the use is complex, the implementation by hardware is difficult, and the requirements on technicians are high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a line short-circuit fault positioning method and system based on direct signal convolution.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches;
respectively calculating the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches;
and acquiring convolution signal energy maximum values from convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches, wherein the short circuit branch positions corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum values are real fault positioning positions, and the short circuit branch positions corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum values are output as the real fault positioning positions.
Further, before the convolution processing is performed on the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the fault to obtain the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, the method further includes:
transient signals on different short circuit branches are calculated.
Further, the calculating transient signals on different short circuit branches specifically includes:
selecting one end point of the line network, injecting any excitation signal into the end pointSetting short circuit branches at different positions along the line and calculating different short circuit branches +.>Transient signal->, wherein />Time is indicated.
Further, before the convolution processing is performed on the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the fault to obtain the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, the method further includes:
and collecting transient signals generated by faults.
Further, the collecting the transient signal generated by the fault specifically includes:
collecting transient signals generated by faults at the end points of the line network when the faults occur, wherein Time is indicated.
Further, the convolution processing is performed on the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the faults to obtain the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, which is specifically realized by the following formula:
wherein ,representing transient signals on different short-circuit branches, < >>Transient signal indicative of failure occurrence, < >>Indicating the corresponding convolved signals on the different short circuit branches, < >>Representing the difference of the short-circuit branches,/on>Time is indicated.
Further, the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches is calculated according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches, and is specifically realized through the following formula:
wherein ,representing signal duration, +.>Representing the corresponding convolved signal energies on the different shorting branches.
Further, the convolution signal energy maximum value is obtained from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is the true fault positioning position, which is specifically realized by the following formula:
wherein ,indicating the true fault location.
Further, after calculating the transient signals on the different short circuit branches, the method further comprises:
and storing the transient signals on different short circuit branches in a hardware system.
Furthermore, the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by faults only need to intercept a part with the same length in the complete signal, and do not need to start from a fixed position.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a line short-circuit fault positioning system based on direct signal convolution, which comprises a convolution processing unit, a convolution signal calculation unit and a fault positioning position output unit; the convolution processing unit, the convolution signal calculation unit and the fault positioning position output unit are sequentially in communication connection;
the convolution processing unit is used for carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, and sending the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches to the convolution signal calculation unit;
the convolution signal calculation unit is used for calculating convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches according to convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches respectively and sending the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches to the fault location position output unit;
the fault location position output unit is used for obtaining the convolution signal energy maximum value from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and outputting the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value as a real fault location position.
Further, the system also comprises a simulation calculation unit which is in communication connection with the convolution processing unit;
the simulation calculation unit is used for carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults, calculating the transient signals on the different short circuit branches before the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches are obtained, and sending the transient signals on the different short circuit branches to the convolution processing unit.
Further, the calculating transient signals on different short circuit branches specifically includes:
selecting one end point of the line network, injecting any excitation signal into the end pointSetting short circuit branches at different positions along the line and calculating different short circuit branches +.>Transient signal->, wherein />Time is indicated.
Further, the system also comprises a fault acquisition unit which is in communication connection with the convolution processing unit;
the fault acquisition unit is used for carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults, and acquiring the transient signals generated by the faults and sending the transient signals to the convolution processing unit before the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches are obtained.
Further, the collecting the transient signal generated by the fault specifically includes:
collecting transient signals generated by faults at the end points of the line network when the faults occur, wherein Time is indicated.
Further, the convolution processing is performed on the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the faults to obtain the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, which is specifically realized by the following formula:
wherein ,representing transient signals on different short-circuit branches, < >>Transient signal indicative of failure occurrence, < >>Indicating the corresponding convolved signals on the different short circuit branches, < >>Representing the difference of the short-circuit branches,/on>Time is indicated.
Further, the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches is calculated according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches, and is specifically realized through the following formula:
wherein , representing signal duration, +.>Representing the corresponding convolved signal energy on different short circuit branches
Further, the convolution signal energy maximum value is obtained from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is the true fault positioning position, which is specifically realized by the following formula:
wherein , indicating the true fault location.
Further, after the transient signals on the different short circuit branches are sent to the convolution processing unit, the convolution processing unit stores the transient signals on the different short circuit branches.
Furthermore, the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by faults only need to intercept a part with the same length in the complete signal, and do not need to start from a fixed position.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short-circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain the corresponding convolution signals on the different short-circuit branches, respectively calculating the corresponding convolution signal energy on the different short-circuit branches according to the corresponding convolution signals on the different short-circuit branches, obtaining the convolution signal energy maximum value from the corresponding convolution signal energy on the different short-circuit branches, wherein the short-circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is a real fault positioning position, outputting the short-circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value as the real fault positioning position, and the provided line short-circuit fault positioning method is applicable to various networks with different topological structures.
The line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution can select any excitation signal to be injected into a selection endpoint of a line network in advance and calculate transient signals on a short-circuit branch arranged along the line。
The line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution of the invention, the transient signal generated by the faultDoes not need to be in short circuit with different branches +>Transient signal->And (3) performing time alignment, and realizing accurate fault positioning by only intercepting any section of signals with the same length.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a T-type transmission line network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic waveform diagram of an excitation signal using lightning current.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fault transient voltage signal collected by the head end of the T-type transmission line network when an ideal short-circuit fault is set in the T1 section of 4km in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating convolution signal energy normalization on different short circuit branches of a T-type transmission line network structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of energy normalization obtained by selecting different lengths from the complete signals of the transient current signal and the voltage transient signal for convolution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a line short-circuit fault locating system based on direct signal convolution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a line short-circuit fault positioning method and a line short-circuit fault positioning system based on direct signal convolution, which simplify the process of a classical EMTR fault positioning method, reduce the dependence on EMTP simulation software, can be directly realized by using hardware, and develop an EMTR fault positioning theory and method.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides a line short-circuit fault location system based on direct signal convolution, as shown in fig. 6, including a simulation calculation unit (not shown in the figure), a fault collection unit, a convolution processing unit, a convolution signal calculation unit, and a fault location position output unit, where the simulation calculation unit may use existing EMTP simulation software, and the convolution processing unit may use a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microcontroller unit (MCU) illustrated in the figure.
The simulation calculation unit can calculate transient signals on different short circuit branches, and the output end of the simulation calculation unit is in communication connection with the input end of the convolution processing unit.
The input end of the fault acquisition unit can acquire transient signals generated by faults, and the output end of the fault acquisition unit is in communication connection with the first input end of the convolution processing unit.
The second output end of the convolution processing unit is used for inputting the time sequence participating in convolution, the output end of the convolution processing unit is connected with the input end of the convolution signal calculation unit, and the output end of the convolution signal calculation unit is in communication connection with the input end of the fault location position output unit.
And the output end of the fault location position output unit outputs the short circuit branch position corresponding to the maximum energy value of the convolution signal as a real fault location position.
Specifically, the method for fault location by adopting the line short-circuit fault location system based on direct signal convolution generally comprises the following steps:
and S1, the simulation calculation unit calculates transient signals on different short circuit branches and sends the transient signals on the different short circuit branches to the convolution processing unit.
The calculating unit calculates transient signals on different short circuit branches, and specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting one end point of the line network, injecting any excitation signal into the end pointSetting short circuit branches at different positions along the line and calculating different short circuit branches +.>Transient signal->, wherein ,/>Time of presentation->Indicating a fault signal.
And S2, the fault acquisition unit acquires transient signals generated by faults and sends the transient signals to the convolution processing unit.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
collecting transient signals generated by faults at the end points of the line network when the faults occur, wherein ,time is indicated.
And S3, the convolution processing unit stores transient signals on different short circuit branches, carries out convolution processing on the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults when needed to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, and sends the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches to the convolution signal calculation unit.
Further, the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by faults are subjected to convolution processing to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, and the convolution signals are specifically realized through the following formula:
wherein ,representing transient signals on different short-circuit branches, < >>Transient signal indicative of failure occurrence, < >>Indicating the corresponding convolved signals on the different short circuit branches, < >>Representing the difference of the short-circuit branches,/on>Time is indicated.
And S4, the convolution signal calculation unit calculates the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and sends the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches to the fault location position output unit.
Further, the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches is calculated according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches, and the method is realized through the following formula:
wherein , representing signal duration, +.>Representing the corresponding convolved signal energies on the different shorting branches.
And S5, the fault location position output unit acquires the convolution signal energy maximum value from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is used as the real fault location position to be output.
Further, the convolution signal energy maximum value is obtained from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is the true fault positioning position, which is specifically realized by the following formula:
wherein , representing realityFault location.
It should be noted that, in the above scheme of the present invention, the transient signals on different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the fault may be complete signals, or may intercept a part of the complete signals with the same length.
The following specifically takes the T-type transmission line network shown in fig. 1 as an example, and further describes a line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution of the present invention:
t-type transmission line network description: and 10kV power frequency voltage is applied to the head end of the T-shaped transmission line network, wherein the power frequency is 50Hz, and the power transformers at all the end points are equivalent to 100kΩ large resistors. The capacitance, inductance and resistance of the unit length of the circuit are specifically as follows: c=10.54×10 -12 F/m、L=1.6×10 -6 H/m、R=3.62×10 -5 Ω/m。
Step 1: short circuit branches (for example, positions T1, T2 and T3 in the figure) are arranged at positions along a line to be tested of a T-shaped transmission line network, and short circuit impedance is set to be 1Ω. The excitation source at the head end of the T-shaped transmission line network is set as lightning current 10[ exp (-T/alpha) -exp (-T/beta) ] A, wherein alpha=20μs and beta=3μs, and the waveform of the lightning current is schematically shown in fig. 2.
Step 2: and calculating transient current signals on each short circuit branch.
Step 3: an ideal short-circuit fault is set at the 4km position of the T1 section of the T-shaped transmission line network, and a fault transient voltage signal obtained by the head end of the T-shaped transmission line network is shown in figure 3. According to the wave process theory, the transient voltage signal is an oscillating waveform formed by continuously reflecting and superposing voltage waveforms between an endpoint and a short-circuit point, and the total duration of the transient voltage signal is 5ms.
Step 4: and (3) performing convolution operation on the transient current signal in the step (2) and the fault transient voltage signal obtained in the step (3) to obtain corresponding convolution signals on different short circuit branches.
Step 5: and respectively calculating the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches, as shown in fig. 4. It can be seen that the maximum value of the convolution signal energy occurs at the position of the 4km of the T1 section, namely, the real fault point, and the position of the 4km of the T1 section can be output as the real fault location position. When only a section with the length of 2ms in the complete signal of the transient current signal and the fault transient voltage signal is intercepted, the convolution signal energy is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that the method of the invention can realize positioning by using a section in the complete signal.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, one skilled in the art may make modifications and equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications and equivalents not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for calculating the transient signals on different short circuit branches specifically comprises the following steps: selecting one end point of the line network, injecting any excitation signal into the end pointSetting short circuit branches at different positions along the line and calculating different short circuit branches +.>Transient signal->, wherein />Representing time;
the method for collecting the transient signals generated by faults specifically comprises the following steps: collecting transient signals generated by faults at the end points of the line network when the faults occur；
Carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches;
respectively calculating the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches;
and acquiring convolution signal energy maximum values from convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches, wherein the short circuit branch positions corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum values are real fault positioning positions, and the short circuit branch positions corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum values are output as the real fault positioning positions.
2. The line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution according to claim 1, wherein the convolution processing is performed on transient signals on different short-circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain corresponding convolution signals on different short-circuit branches, specifically implemented by the following formula:
wherein ,representing transient signals on different short-circuit branches, < >>A transient signal indicative of the occurrence of a fault,indicating the corresponding convolved signals on the different short circuit branches, < >>Representing the difference of the short-circuit branches,/on>Time is indicated.
3. The line short-circuit fault positioning method based on direct signal convolution according to claim 2, wherein the calculation of the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short-circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short-circuit branches is specifically implemented by the following formula:
wherein ,representing signal duration, +.>Representing the corresponding convolved signal energies on the different shorting branches.
4. The line short-circuit fault location method based on direct signal convolution according to claim 3, wherein the obtaining of the convolution signal energy maximum value from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short-circuit branches, and the short-circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is the true fault location position, specifically is achieved by the following formula:
wherein ,indicating the true fault location.
5. The line short circuit fault locating method based on direct signal convolution according to claim 1, further comprising, after calculating transient signals on different short circuit branches:
and storing the transient signals on different short circuit branches in a hardware system.
6. The line short-circuit fault location method based on direct signal convolution according to claim 1, wherein transient signals on different short-circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults only need to intercept a part with the same length in a complete signal, and do not need to start from a fixed position.
7. The line short-circuit fault positioning system based on direct signal convolution is characterized by comprising a simulation calculation unit, a fault acquisition unit, a convolution processing unit, a convolution signal calculation unit and a fault positioning position output unit;
the convolution processing unit, the convolution signal calculation unit and the fault positioning position output unit are sequentially in communication connection;
the simulation calculation unit is in communication connection with the convolution processing unit, and is used for carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults, calculating the transient signals on the different short circuit branches before the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches are obtained, and sending the transient signals on the different short circuit branches to the convolution processing unit, wherein the calculation of the transient signals on the different short circuit branches specifically comprises the following steps: selecting one end point of the line network, injecting any excitation signal into the end pointSetting short circuit branches at different positions along the line and calculating different short circuit branches +.>Transient signal->, wherein />Representing time;
the fault acquisition unit is in communication connection with the convolution processing unit, and is used for carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults, and acquiring and sending the transient signals generated by the faults to the convolution processing unit before the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches are obtained, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of: collecting transient signals generated by faults at the end points of the line network when the faults occur；
The convolution processing unit is used for carrying out convolution processing on transient signals on different short circuit branches and transient signals generated by faults to obtain corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches, and sending the corresponding convolution signals on the different short circuit branches to the convolution signal calculation unit;
the convolution signal calculation unit is used for calculating convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches according to convolution signals corresponding to different short circuit branches respectively and sending the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short circuit branches to the fault location position output unit;
the fault location position output unit is used for obtaining the convolution signal energy maximum value from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short circuit branches, and outputting the short circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value as a real fault location position.
8. The line short-circuit fault positioning system based on direct signal convolution according to claim 7, wherein the convolution processing is performed on the transient signals on different short-circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the fault to obtain the corresponding convolution signals on different short-circuit branches, specifically implemented by the following formula:
wherein ,representing transient signals on different short-circuit branches, < >>A transient signal indicative of the occurrence of a fault,indicating the corresponding convolved signals on the different short circuit branches, < >>Representing the difference of the short-circuit branches,/on>Time is indicated.
9. The line short-circuit fault locating system based on direct signal convolution according to claim 8, wherein the calculation of the convolution signal energy corresponding to different short-circuit branches according to the convolution signals corresponding to different short-circuit branches is implemented by the following formula:
wherein ,representing signal duration, +.>Representing the corresponding convolved signal energies on the different shorting branches.
10. The line short-circuit fault location system based on direct signal convolution according to claim 9, wherein the obtaining of the convolution signal energy maximum value from the convolution signal energy corresponding to the different short-circuit branches, where the short-circuit branch position corresponding to the convolution signal energy maximum value is the true fault location position, is specifically implemented by the following formula:
wherein ,indicating the true fault location.
11. The line short circuit fault locating system based on direct signal convolution according to claim 7, wherein after said transient signals on different short circuit branches are sent to the convolution processing unit, the convolution processing unit stores the transient signals on said different short circuit branches.
12. The line short circuit fault location system based on direct signal convolution according to claim 7, wherein the transient signals on the different short circuit branches and the transient signals generated by the fault only need to intercept a part with the same length in the complete signal, and do not need to start from a fixed position.
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