CN111157845B - Time domain inversion technology-based fault positioning method suitable for power distribution network - Google Patents

Time domain inversion technology-based fault positioning method suitable for power distribution network Download PDF

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CN111157845B
CN111157845B CN202010011909.2A CN202010011909A CN111157845B CN 111157845 B CN111157845 B CN 111157845B CN 202010011909 A CN202010011909 A CN 202010011909A CN 111157845 B CN111157845 B CN 111157845B
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fault
time domain
guessed
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CN111157845A (en
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王力
徐箭
李鹏
张明一
曹文斌
张福玲
徐静
潘娟
周正健
赵连信
崔照鑫
张志博
隋俊鹏
常旭东
姚良忠
黎雄
廖思阳
涂雅丽
王俊
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Chaoyang Power Supply Co Of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Supply Co ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Wuhan University WHU
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Chaoyang Power Supply Co Of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Supply Co ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Wuhan University WHU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors

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Abstract

The invention discloses a fault positioning method based on time domain inversion technology and suitable for a power distribution network, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring information such as a topological structure and relevant line parameters of a power distribution network needing fault positioning, and carrying out geometric modeling in simulation software; step 2, after the fault is judged, acquiring a transient signal S at an observation point (generally a transformer substation)i(x, t), performing time domain inversion,
Figure DDA0002357446270000011
wherein T is a time window; step 3, defining n guessed positions, operating a fault positioning program in simulation software, and acquiring fault current signals of the n guessed positions; and 4, calculating a fault current signal according to the obtained fault current signals of the n guessed positions, wherein the guessed position of the maximum value of the energy of the fault current is the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm. The method realizes the positioning of the single-phase earth fault in the 10kV power distribution network.

Description

Time domain inversion technology-based fault positioning method suitable for power distribution network
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution network fault location, in particular to a fault location method based on a time domain inversion technology and suitable for a power distribution network.
Background
The power distribution network has the characteristics of wide radiation, multiple load points and the like, and due to the fact that a large number of distributed power sources are connected, the power distribution network is not used as the tail end of a power supply side, the power distribution network is not only loaded, but also different types of distributed power sources are connected, the number of the connected distributed power sources is increased, and a single centralized power supply structure of the power distribution network is changed, so that various protection and control devices in the power distribution network cannot be set accurately, protection actions during power distribution network faults are disordered, faults cannot be found and processed quickly and accurately, the power supply reliability is enabled to be more severe, and therefore an effective fault positioning method is needed to timely clear the power distribution network faults, so that the power supply reliability of the power distribution network is improved, and the user satisfaction degree is improved.
The traditional fault positioning method mainly comprises an impedance method, a traveling wave method, an artificial intelligence method and the like, wherein the precision of the impedance method is influenced by fault resistance, line configuration, load current imbalance and the existence of a distributed power generation device, and the method is not suitable for a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system; the traveling wave method is required to have accurate time stamps by a method needing a plurality of synchronous metering stations, has higher requirements on bandwidth, and is mainly applied to a power transmission network; large-scale training limits their application in practical systems based on artificial intelligence methods. Therefore, the fault location method based on the time domain inversion technology is provided, the fault location can be effectively realized, the influence of fault impedance is small, and less equipment is needed by adopting a single-end measurement mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a fault positioning method based on a time domain inversion technology and suitable for a power distribution network, wherein modeling is carried out in simulation software based on information such as a topological structure and related line parameters of an actual power distribution network; and performing time domain inversion operation according to the transient signal received at the observation point after the fault occurs, injecting the transient signal subjected to time domain inversion into the simulation model in the reverse direction, defining n guessing points, measuring the fault current at the guessing points, repeating the operation for n times, and calculating the fault current energy of the guessing points, wherein the guessing point with the largest energy value is the fault position.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fault location method based on time domain inversion technology and suitable for a power distribution network comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring information such as a topological structure and relevant line parameters of a power distribution network needing fault positioning, and carrying out geometric modeling in simulation software;
step 2, after a fault occurs, acquiring a transient signal S at an observation point, generally a transformer substationi(x, t), performing time domain inversion,
Figure BDA0002357446250000021
wherein T is a time window;
step 3, fault location is carried out in the simulation software, and the step further comprises the substeps:
3.1 selecting guessed positions according to actual conditions and positioning accuracy, defining n guessed positions, generally selecting nodes such as towers and the like, and numbering the guessed positions;
3.2 inverting the time-domain signal Si(x, T-T) back injecting into the simulation model;
3.3 measuring the fault current signal at the guessed position defined in step 3.1
Figure BDA0002357446250000022
And recording;
3.4 repeating the step 3.3 for n times, measuring and recording fault current signals of n guessed positions;
step 4, calculating a fault current signal according to the fault current signals of the n guessed positions obtained in the step 3.4, wherein the guessed position of the maximum value of the energy of the fault current is the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm;
the guessed position of the maximum value of the fault current energy is the result of the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm, and the method concretely comprises the following steps:
4.1 with 2 endpoints, at xfWhere a fault occurs, end point r1And r2Receiving fault signal and making time domain inversion of said signal, and on the line S1,S2,......,Sm-1,SmAnd m guessing points measure the signal values of the m guessing points on the line after the time domain inversion.
End point riReceived signal F (w, r)i) The frequency domain is shown in equation (20):
F(w,ri)＝G(xf,ri,w)X(w) (20)
in the formula: g is a Green function; x (w) is a fault signal;
f (w, r)i) And performing time domain inversion. As shown in equation (21).
FTR(w,ri)＝F*(w,ri)＝G*(xf,ri,w)X*(w) (21)
4.2 guess the measuring point SkReceiving end point riThe transmitted signal is shown in equation (22):
Figure BDA0002357446250000023
4.3 guess the measuring point SkThe total signal value received is shown in equation (23):
Figure BDA0002357446250000024
according to the hello inequality, guessing the position yields the energy:
Figure BDA0002357446250000031
the equation holds if:
G(Sk,ri,w)＝G(xf,ri,w) (25)
4.4 it can be seen from equation (25) that the guessed position of the maximum value of the fault current energy is the fault position located by the inverse algorithm in time domain:
Figure BDA0002357446250000032
in the formula
Figure BDA0002357446250000033
To make it possible to
Figure BDA0002357446250000034
The value of x when the maximum value is reached.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) except for acquiring the fault transient signal, the whole fault positioning program is completed in simulation software, so that the applicability is high, the flexibility is high, and the cost can be effectively reduced.
(2) The field experiment and the digital simulation are combined, so that the dependence on hardware equipment is reduced, the portability of the fault positioning system is improved, and the fault rate and the installation program of the positioning system are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fault location method based on time domain inversion techniques;
FIG. 2 is a power distribution network topology for a 10kV overhead line;
FIG. 3 is a basic line model;
FIG. 4 direct time phase post fault line configuration;
FIG. 5 inversion time stage post fault line configuration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a time domain inversion physical process;
FIG. 7 is the distribution network positioning results for a 10kV overhead line;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The fault positioning method based on the time domain inversion technology comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, acquiring information such as a topological structure of a power distribution network needing fault positioning and related line parameters, and carrying out geometric modeling in simulation software.
In the step, a simple topological structure is selected for basic operation of simulation software, and modeling is performed by using simulink as shown in figure 2. For easy understanding, a simple line model was chosen for mathematical modeling, see FIG. 3
Based on the theory of uniform transmission lines, the general solution of the voltage U (x, s) is shown in equation (1)
U(x,s)＝F1e-γx+F2e+γx (1)
In the formula: u (x, s) is transmission line voltage; f1And F2Is an unknown quantity to be solved; gamma is the propagation constant of the uniform transmission line; x is the distance.
The general solution of the transmission line current I (x, s) is shown in equation (2).
Figure BDA0002357446250000041
In the formula: zCIs the characteristic impedance of the uniform transmission line.
Let x be 0 and substituted into equation (1), respectively, there are
U(0,s)＝Uf(s)
F1+F2＝Uf(s) (3)
Substituting x into formula (1) and formula (2), respectively, with
U(l,s)＝I(l,s)Z1
Figure BDA0002357446250000042
Is simple and easy to obtain
ρ1F1e-γl＝F2eγl (4)
In the formula: rho1Is the reflection coefficient of the end (left) end, and
Figure BDA0002357446250000043
composed ofThe unknown quantity F can be obtained by the formula (3) and the formula (4)1And F2。
Figure BDA0002357446250000044
Figure BDA0002357446250000045
Substituting the formula (5) and the formula (6) into the formula (1) to obtain
Figure BDA0002357446250000051
Let x in equation (8) be l, an analytical expression of the end voltage can be obtained
Figure BDA0002357446250000052
To describe the time domain inversion technique directly, we will refer to a single conductor lossless transmission line of length L, a simplified representation of the line configuration after a direct time-stage fault is shown in fig. 4, and a simplified representation of the line configuration after an inversion time-stage fault is shown in fig. 5. The line parameters may be referenced to a typical overhead transmission line.
As shown in fig. 5, the analytical expressions of the voltages observed at the line terminal x ═ 0 and x ═ L from equation (9) are shown in equation (10) and equation (11).
Figure BDA0002357446250000053
Figure BDA0002357446250000054
The transient voltage recorded by time reversal is
Figure BDA0002357446250000055
And
Figure BDA0002357446250000056
where denotes the complex conjugate operator. Thus, it is possible to provide
Figure BDA0002357446250000057
Figure BDA0002357446250000058
In the formula:
Figure BDA0002357446250000059
and
Figure BDA00023574462500000510
is the injection current shown in fig. 5.
Since the fault location is unknown, we will put it in the generic location x'f. First and second inversion sources
Figure BDA00023574462500000511
And
Figure BDA00023574462500000512
at unknown Fault location x'fThe current contributions of (a) are given by:
Figure BDA00023574462500000513
Figure BDA00023574462500000514
introduction of (10) to (13) into (14) and (15) we obtained
Figure BDA00023574462500000515
Figure BDA0002357446250000061
Therefore, we can deduce the flow through Guess Fault Location (GFL) x'fClosed expression of the total current of (1):
If(x′f,s)＝If1(x′f,s)+If2(x′f,s) (18)
extending to consider only one injection current source (I)A1) I.e. with only one observation point. From equation (19) derive any guess point x'fThe fault current is as follows:
Figure BDA0002357446250000062
step 2, after a fault occurs, acquiring a transient signal S at an observation point (generally a transformer substation)i(x, t), performing time domain inversion,
Figure BDA0002357446250000063
where T is a time window.
In an actual power distribution network, a transformer substation is generally selected as an observation point to acquire transient signals after faults, and the transient signals are recorded.
Step 3, fault location is carried out in the simulation software, and the step further comprises the substeps:
3.1 selecting guessed positions according to actual conditions and positioning accuracy, defining n guessed positions, generally selecting nodes such as towers and the like, and numbering the guessed positions;
3.2 inverting the time-domain signal Si(x, T-T) back injecting into the simulation model;
3.3 measuring the fault current signal at the guessed position defined in step 3.1
Figure BDA0002357446250000064
And recording;
3.4 repeating the step 3.3 for n times, measuring and recording fault current signals of n guessed positions;
and 4, calculating a fault current signal according to the fault current signals of the n guessed positions obtained in the step 3.4, wherein the guessed position of the maximum value of the energy of the fault current is the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm.
The explanation is made on the basis that the guessed position of the maximum value of the fault current energy is the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm. The actual physical process is shown in FIG. 6, which simplifies the analysis, assuming 2 endpoints, at xfWhere a fault occurs, end point r1And r2Receiving fault signal and making time domain inversion of said signal, and on the line S1,S2,......,Sm-1,SmAnd m guessing points measure the signal values of the m guessing points on the line after the time domain inversion.
End point riTransformation of the received signal into the frequency domain F (s, r)i) As shown in equation (20).
F(s,ri)＝G(xf,ri,s)X(s) (20)
In the formula: g is a Green function; x(s) is a failure signal.
Mixing F (s, r)i) And performing time domain inversion. As shown in equation (21).
FTR(s,ri)＝F*(s,ri)＝G*(xf,ri,s)X*(s) (21)
In the formula: the subscript TR stands for timeverscal (time domain inversion).
Guess measuring point SkReceiving end point riThe transmitted signal is shown in equation (22).
Figure BDA0002357446250000071
Guess measuring point SkThe total signal value received is shown in equation (23).
Figure BDA0002357446250000072
According to the hello inequality, guessing the position yields the energy:
Figure BDA0002357446250000073
the equation holds if:
G(Sk,ri,s)＝G(xf,ri,s) (25)
as can be seen from equation (25), the guessed position of the maximum value of the fault current energy is the fault position located by the inverse algorithm in time domain.
Examples
The method is suitable for validity check of the fault positioning method based on the time domain inversion technology of the power distribution network.
Scene: and (5) positioning single-phase faults of the power distribution network.
The simulation described here sets that a single-phase earth fault occurs at 7km, sets a guessed position every 1km, has 9 total guessed positions, and records the fault current at each guessed position for a 10kV distribution network with a 10km line length.
The simulation results for fig. 2 are shown in fig. 7. In the figure, the abscissa is a guessed position, and the ordinate is a normalized value of Fault Current Signal Energy (FCSE).
The simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the fault positioning method based on the time domain inversion technology, and fault positioning can be basically realized.
The above embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The methods used in the above examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Claims (1)

1. A fault location method based on time domain inversion technology and suitable for a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a topological structure of a power distribution network needing fault positioning and related line parameter information, and performing equal-ratio modeling in simulation software;
step 2, acquiring a transient signal S at an observation point l after a fault occursl(x, t), performing time domain inversion,
Figure FDA0003243706370000011
wherein T is a time window and x is a distance;
step 3, fault location is carried out in the simulation software, and the step further comprises the substeps:
3.1 selecting guessed positions according to the actual situation and the positioning precision, defining m guessed positions, namely m guessed points, and numbering the guessed positions;
3.2 inverting the time-domain signal Sl(x, T-T) back injecting into the simulation model;
3.3 measuring the fault current signal at the guessed position defined in step 3.1
Figure FDA0003243706370000012
And record, xfIs at xfWhere a failure occurs, xf,mTo fail at m guess points;
3.4 repeating the step 3.3 m times, measuring and recording the fault current signals of m guess points;
step 4, calculating a fault current signal according to the fault current signals of the m guessing points obtained in the step 3.4, wherein the guessed position of the maximum value of the energy of the fault current is the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm;
the guessed position of the maximum value of the fault current energy is the result of the fault position positioned by the time domain inverse algorithm, and the method concretely comprises the following steps:
4.1 setting n endpoints riI 1. n at xfWhere a fault occurs, end point riReceiving fault signal and making time domain inversion of said signal, and on the line S1,S2······Sk······Sm-1,SmMeasuring signal values at m guessing points on the line after time domain inversion;
end point riReceived signal F (s, r)i) The transform of (2) is shown in equation (1):
F(s,ri)＝G(xf,ri,s)X(s) (1)
in the formula: g is a Green function; x(s) is a fault signal;
mixing F (s, r)i) Performing time domain inversion, as shown in equation (2):
FTR(s,ri)＝F*(s,ri)＝G*(xf,ri,s)X*(s) (2)
4.2 guess the measuring point SkReceiving end point riThe transmitted signal is shown in formula (3):
Figure FDA0003243706370000021
4.3 guess the measuring point SkThe total signal value received is shown in equation (4):
Figure FDA0003243706370000022
according to the hello inequality, guessing the position yields the energy:
Figure FDA0003243706370000023
the equation holds if:
G(Sk,ri,s)＝G(xf,ri,s) (6)
4.4 it can be seen from equation (6) that the guessed position of the maximum value of the fault current energy is the fault position located by the inverse algorithm in time domain:
Figure FDA0003243706370000024
in the formula
Figure FDA0003243706370000025
To make it possible to
Figure FDA0003243706370000026
The value of x when the maximum value is reached.
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