CN112540260B - High-voltage transmission grid series-parallel line fault location method, device and system based on traveling wave energy change characteristics - Google Patents
High-voltage transmission grid series-parallel line fault location method, device and system based on traveling wave energy change characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault distance measurement method, device and system for a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line based on the travelling wave energy change characteristic, which comprises the steps of obtaining fault zero-mode voltage travelling wave signals and zero-mode current travelling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of the line; extracting a traveling wave signal component with the frequency omega based on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal to obtain a zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and a zero-mode current traveling wave component; calculating the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line; determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a fault section positioning criterion; and acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point. The invention only needs to extract the fault initial traveling wave head, does not need to support a synchronous system and acquire the traveling wave speed, and avoids the influence of signal synchronization errors and wave speed changes on fault section discrimination in high-voltage long-distance transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power grid fault location, and particularly relates to a fault location method, device and system for a high-voltage power transmission grid series-parallel line based on traveling wave energy change characteristics.
Background
Modern power systems are complex power transmission and distribution systems, bear the heavy duty of transmitting and distributing electric energy in a plurality of areas, and when a power transmission line fails, particularly permanently fails, large-area power failure can be caused, social production and resident life are affected, and the stability of the system can be impacted greatly. The method is required to quickly locate fault points after faults occur, troubleshoot and eliminate the faults, and recover the normal operation of the line as soon as possible.
Compared with a single overhead transmission line or cable line, the line-cable hybrid transmission line is formed by alternately connecting two types of lines, has more complex structure and has higher difficulty in realizing fault positioning. From the propagation characteristics of the traveling wave, due to different line parameters of the line and the cable line, the wave speeds on the two lines are inconsistent, the wave impedance before and after the connection point is discontinuous, and the existing single line positioning method cannot be directly applied to fault positioning of the hybrid line. Earlier hybrid line fault location mainly aims at solving the difficulty brought by inconsistent line wave speed, improves the traditional double-end fault location method and obtains a certain result, but in principle, fault section judgment and fault location methods based on traveling wave arrival time are necessarily influenced by the synchronism of measurement equipment and the accuracy of traveling wave speed, and the fault section judgment and fault location methods are uncontrollable, and the reliability and location accuracy of section judgment are necessarily influenced by errors of the fault section judgment and fault location methods.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a fault distance measurement method, device and system for a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line based on the travelling wave energy change characteristic, which only need to extract the initial travelling wave head of a fault, do not need to support a synchronous system and do not need to acquire the travelling wave velocity, so that the influence of signal synchronization errors and wave velocity changes on fault section judgment in high-voltage long-distance transmission is avoided. Under the premise of determining fault sections, the mapping relation between the traveling wave energy at two ends of the line and different fault positions is quantitatively deduced for the cable mixed lines with different structures, so that the fault ranging method, device and system for the high-voltage transmission network mixed line based on the traveling wave energy change characteristic are formed, and simulation results show that the obtained ranging result has higher precision.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a fault location method for a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line based on traveling wave energy change characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of a line;
S conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted, and zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components are obtained;
Based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, calculating traveling wave energy of measuring points at two ends of the line;
Determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion;
And acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the traveling wave energy W S (ω) is:
the calculation formula of the traveling wave energy W R (omega) is as follows:
Wherein U S0(ω)、UR0 (omega) is a zero-mode voltage traveling wave component of a measuring point at two ends of a line, I S0(ω)、IR0 (omega) is a zero-mode current traveling wave component of a measuring point at two ends of the line, W S (omega) and W R (omega) are traveling wave energy of the measuring point at two ends of the line, and t 1 and t 2 respectively represent the starting time and the ending time of a fault signal segment selected by energy calculation.
Optionally, the measuring points at two ends of the set line segment are an S point and an R point, a first connecting point P 1 and a second connecting point P 2 are provided on the line segment, and the fault section positioning criterion includes:
Where K 1 is the energy ratio of two points at the time of failure at the rightmost end of the line segment SP 1, K 2 is the energy ratio of failure at the connection point P 1, K 3 is the energy ratio of two points at the time of failure at the leftmost end of the line segment P 1P2, K 4 is the energy ratio of two points at the time of failure at the rightmost end of the line segment P 1P2, K 5 is the energy ratio of failure at the connection point P 2, and K 6 is the energy ratio of two points at the leftmost end of the line segment P 2 R.
Optionally, the method for obtaining K 1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6 is:
Based on the simulation system, the energy ratio of two measuring points of the measuring points at two ends of the line when faults of different line sections occur is simulated, and K 1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6 is finally obtained.
Optionally, when the fault point F 1 is located in the line section SP 1, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 1 to the line S end, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment SP 1 at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 1P2 at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 2 R at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (1);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (1) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (1) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
Optionally, when the fault point F 2 is located in the line segment P 1P2, the fault location calculation formula is:
Wherein x represents the distance from the fault point F 2 to the point P 1, alpha 2ω (x) is the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with the frequency omega on the section P 1P2 of the line section at the fault distance x, and alpha 4ω (x) is the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with the frequency omega on the section SP 1、P2 R of the line section at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (2);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (2) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (2) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
Optionally, when the fault point F 3 is located in the line segment P 2 R, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 3 to the end of the line R, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the P 2 R segment at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the P 1P2 segment at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the SP 1 segment at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (3);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (3) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (3) to calculate the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
Optionally, the calculation method of the travelling wave energy refraction coefficient is as follows:
setting a traveling wave measuring point in front of and behind the first connecting point or the second connecting point;
Respectively obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of two traveling wave measuring points;
s conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, and traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted to obtain zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
And calculating the traveling wave energy before and after the first connection point or the second connection point under different fault positions based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, and solving the traveling wave energy ratio to obtain the refractive index gamma 1(ω),γ2(ω),…,γn (omega) of the first connection point or the second connection point.
Optionally, the calculation method of the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient is as follows:
Setting a plurality of traveling wave measuring points on the line section at equal intervals according to the length of the line;
Simulating faults at different positions, recording voltage and current waveforms at each measuring point, and processing the voltage and current travelling waves of the measuring points by using S transformation to obtain a complex matrix;
Calculating the modulus value of each element in the complex matrix, extracting the frequency component of omega, and calculating the traveling wave energy at each measuring point; and calculating the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of each measuring point position by using the traveling wave energy of each measuring point, and fitting the relation between the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient and the traveling wave propagation distance by using a cubic function to obtain alpha 1ω(x),α2ω(x),…,α(n+1)ω (x).
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a fault location device for a hybrid line of a high-voltage power transmission network based on a traveling wave energy variation characteristic, including:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of the line;
The first calculation unit is used for carrying out S conversion on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, extracting traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega, and obtaining zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
the second calculation unit is used for calculating the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component;
the third calculation unit is used for determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion;
And the fourth calculation unit is used for acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a fault location system for a hybrid line of a high-voltage power transmission network based on a traveling wave energy variation characteristic, which is characterized by comprising: including a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
The processor is operative according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of the first aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention uses the traveling wave energy loss to describe the change of the traveling wave energy attenuation and the traveling wave impedance discontinuity point on the line based on the research of traveling wave refraction-reflection and attenuation rules, and utilizes the traveling wave energy ratio measured at two ends of the line to determine the fault section. The method only needs to extract the fault initial traveling wave head, does not need support of a synchronous system, does not need to acquire traveling wave speed, and avoids the influence of signal synchronization errors and wave speed changes on fault section discrimination in high-voltage long-distance transmission. Under the premise of determining fault sections, the mapping relation between the traveling wave energy at two ends of the line and different fault positions is quantitatively deduced for the cable mixed lines with different structures, so that the fault ranging method, device and system for the high-voltage transmission network mixed line based on the traveling wave energy change characteristic are formed, and simulation results show that the obtained ranging result has higher precision.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage grid "wire-cable-wire" series-parallel circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of accurate fault location of a cable hybrid transmission line based on traveling wave energy variation characteristics in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a convergence procedure of an iterative algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The principle of application of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault location method based on traveling wave energy change characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of a line;
In the specific implementation process, the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal can be obtained by measuring by utilizing a high-precision voltage transformer and a high-precision current transformer, and the voltage transformer and the high-precision current transformer are arranged at two ends of a series-parallel circuit. In order to prevent frequent refraction and reflection from affecting the amplitude of the traveling wave initial wave head, a voltage transformer and a current transformer can be arranged at positions which keep a certain distance with two ends of the parallel-serial line.
(2) S conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage signal and the traveling wave current signal, traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted, and zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components are obtained;
(3) Based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, calculating traveling wave energy of measuring points at two ends of the line;
(4) Determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion;
(5) And acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a calculation formula of the traveling wave energy W S (ω) is:
the calculation formula of the traveling wave energy W R (omega) is as follows:
Wherein U S0(ω)、UR0 (omega) is a zero-mode voltage traveling wave component of a measuring point at two ends of a line, I S0(ω)、IR0 (omega) is a zero-mode current traveling wave component of a measuring point at two ends of the line, W S (omega) and W R (omega) are traveling wave energy of the measuring point at two ends of the line, and t 1 and t 2 respectively represent the starting time and the ending time of a fault signal segment selected by energy calculation.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a line is set to be a "line-cable-line" type hybrid line, measuring points at two ends of a line segment are respectively an S point and an R point, a first connecting point P 1 and a second connecting point P 2 are provided on the line segment, measuring points and cable connecting points of the hybrid line are numbered as S, P 1,P2 and R in sequence, and lengths of overhead lines and cables of each segment areThe fault section locating criteria include:
Where K 1 is the energy ratio of two points at the time of failure at the rightmost end of the line segment SP 1, K 2 is the energy ratio of failure at the connection point P 1, K 3 is the energy ratio of two points at the time of failure at the leftmost end of the line segment P 1P2, K 4 is the energy ratio of two points at the time of failure at the rightmost end of the line segment P 1P2, K 5 is the energy ratio of failure at the connection point P 2, and K 6 is the energy ratio of two points at the leftmost end of the line segment P 2 R.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining K 1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6 is:
Based on the simulation system, the energy ratio of two measuring points of the measuring points at two ends of the line when faults of different line sections occur is simulated, and K 1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6 is finally obtained.
When the fault point F 1 is located in the line section SP 1, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 1 to the line S end, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment SP 1 at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 1P2 at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 2 R at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (1);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (1) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (1) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, when the fault point F 2 is located in the line segment P 1P2, the fault location calculation formula is:
Wherein x represents the distance from the fault point F 2 to the point P 1, alpha 2ω (x) is the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with the frequency omega on the section P 1P2 of the line section at the fault distance x, and alpha 4ω (x) is the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with the frequency omega on the section SP 1、P2 R of the line section at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (2);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (2) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (2) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
When the fault point F 3 is located in the line segment P 2 R, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 3 to the end of the line R, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the P 2 R segment at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the P 1P2 segment at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the SP 1 segment at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (3);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (3) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (3) to calculate the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation method of the traveling wave energy refractive index is:
setting a traveling wave measuring point in front of and behind the first connecting point or the second connecting point;
Respectively obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of two traveling wave measuring points;
s conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, and traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted to obtain zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
And calculating the traveling wave energy before and after the first connection point or the second connection point under different fault positions based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, and solving the traveling wave energy ratio to obtain the refractive index gamma 1(ω),γ2(ω),…,γn (omega) of the first connection point or the second connection point.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient is:
A plurality of traveling wave measuring points (more than or equal to 10 are better) are arranged on the line section at equal intervals according to the length of the line;
Simulating faults at different positions, recording voltage and current waveforms at each measuring point, and processing the voltage and current travelling waves of the measuring points by using S transformation to obtain a complex matrix;
Calculating the modulus value of each element in the complex matrix, extracting the frequency component of omega, and calculating the traveling wave energy at each measuring point; and calculating the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of each measuring point position by using the traveling wave energy of each measuring point, and fitting the relation between the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient and the traveling wave propagation distance by using a cubic function to obtain alpha 1ω(x),α2ω(x),…,α(n+1)ω (x).
Example 2
Based on the same inventive concept as embodiment 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault distance measuring device based on traveling wave energy change characteristics, which comprises:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of the line;
The first calculation unit is used for carrying out S conversion on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, extracting traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega, and obtaining zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
the second calculation unit is used for calculating the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component;
the third calculation unit is used for determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion;
And the fourth calculation unit is used for acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Based on the same inventive concept as embodiment 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault location system based on traveling wave energy variation characteristics, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: including a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is operative according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of embodiment 1.
The invention discloses a high-voltage transmission network 'line-cable-line' type hybrid line schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, a cable hybrid transmission line fault accurate positioning flow chart based on travelling wave energy change characteristics shown in fig. 2, a convergence process schematic diagram of an iterative algorithm shown in fig. 3, and a high-voltage transmission network hybrid line fault ranging method, device and system based on travelling wave energy change characteristics, which comprise the following steps:
(1) And obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of the line by using high-precision voltage and current transformers.
(2) S conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, and traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted to obtain zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components; based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, calculating traveling wave energy of measuring points at two ends of the line; and determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion.
(3) And acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters (parameters such as an energy refraction coefficient, an attenuation coefficient, the length of each section and the like) corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point.
Simulation verification
In order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the invention, a simulation model shown in fig. 1 is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, a line model selects a frequency-dependent model, and the sampling frequency is 1MHz. The total length of the transmission line is 112km, the lengths of two sections of lines are respectively 60km and 40km, the length of a cable line is 12km, and an A-phase ground fault is arranged at the position, which is 22km away from the S end, of the SP 1 section of the line.
In the early offline stage, a simulation model is built according to line parameters of each section, 10 traveling wave measuring points are arranged at equal intervals along the line of each section, and the traveling wave measuring points are arranged before and after the cable connecting points. Respectively setting different fault positions, extracting zero-mode voltage and current traveling wave components with the frequency of 80kHz from traveling wave measuring points before and after a cable connecting point, respectively calculating traveling wave energy before and after the cable connecting point at different fault positions, and solving the traveling wave energy ratio to obtain the refractive index gamma 1 = 0.26615 at the cable connecting point P 1 and the refractive index gamma 2 = 0.26623 at the cable connecting point P 2; recording voltage and current waveforms at traveling wave measuring points of lines in each section, processing the voltage and current traveling waves of the measuring points by using S transformation, calculating the modulus value of each element in a complex matrix, extracting frequency components of 80kHz, calculating the traveling wave energy at each measuring point, calculating the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of each measuring point by using the traveling wave energy of each measuring point, fitting the relationship between the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient and the traveling wave propagation distance by using a cubic function in MATLAB, substituting the cable line length of 12km and the R-side line length of 40km into a relational expression, and obtaining the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient relational expression of each line section SP 1、P1P2、P2 R when line section SP 1 fails:
α1(x1)＝-1.846×10-20x1 3+4.291×10-15x1 2-3.596×10-10x1+9.279×10-5
Where x 1 represents the distance from the fault point and x 2、x3 represents the distance between the fault point and the cable connection point P1.
Based on the offline working in the earlier stage, when a line breaks down, an initial fault zero-mode traveling wave signal at two ends of the line is obtained by utilizing a high-precision voltage and current transformer, the voltage traveling wave component and the current traveling wave component of 80kHz are extracted by using S conversion, the traveling wave energy is calculated, the traveling wave energy at the S end and the R end of the line is 472.227 and 0.216063 respectively, and the fault section is judged to be the line SP 1. And combining the change rule of the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of each section and a fault position calculation formula for the line fault F 1, and realizing the iteration of a ranging algorithm in the MATLAB. The results of each iteration are plotted in fig. 3, from which it can be seen that the calculation gradually converges as the number of iterations increases. Table 1 shows the detailed procedure of each iteration, including the judgment of the line wave energy attenuation coefficient, the position of the virtual fault point and the iteration stop condition, where x is the distance from the fault point to the S end, and L is the length of the left line.
TABLE 1 attenuation coefficient and calculated distance between failures during iteration
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the algorithm has a fast convergence speed, the difference between the two adjacent calculated fault distances is 0.001km after 4 iterations, the requirement that Deltax=0.001 km is less than or equal to 10 -3 km can be met, the iteration process is finished, the fault location result is 21.779km, the difference between the fault location result and the actual fault distance is only 0.221km, and the proposed algorithm has good location precision
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The fault location method for the high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line based on the traveling wave energy change characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of a line;
s conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, and traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted to obtain zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
Based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, calculating traveling wave energy of measuring points at two ends of the line;
Determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion;
Acquiring a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, substituting the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line and the related physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, and calculating the accurate position of the fault point;
The measuring points at two ends of the line are set to be an S point and an R point respectively, a first connecting point P 1 and a second connecting point P 2 are arranged on the line, and the fault section positioning criterion comprises:
Wherein K 1 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the rightmost end of the line section SP 1 fails, K 2 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the leftmost end of the line section P 1P2 fails, K 3 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the rightmost end of the line section P 1P2 fails, K 5 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the connecting point P 2 fails, and K 6 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the leftmost end of the line section P 2 R fails; w S (omega) and W R (omega) are travelling wave energy of measuring points at two ends of the line;
When the fault point F 1 is located in the line section SP 1, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 1 to the line S end, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment SP 1 at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 1P2 at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 2 R at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (1);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (1) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (1) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
2. The high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault location method based on the traveling wave energy change characteristics according to claim 1, wherein a calculation formula of the traveling wave energy W S (ω) is as follows:
the calculation formula of the traveling wave energy W R (omega) is as follows:
Wherein U S0(ω)、UR0 (omega) is a zero-mode voltage traveling wave component of a measuring point at two ends of a line, I S0(ω)、IR0 (omega) is a zero-mode current traveling wave component of a measuring point at two ends of the line, W S (omega) and W R (omega) are traveling wave energy of the measuring point at two ends of the line, and t 1 and t 2 respectively represent the starting time and the ending time of a fault signal segment selected by energy calculation.
3. The high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault location method based on the traveling wave energy change characteristic according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining method of the K 1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6 is:
Based on the simulation system, the energy ratio of two measuring points of the measuring points at two ends of the line when faults of different line sections occur is simulated, and K 1、K2、K3、K4、K5、K6 is finally obtained.
4. The fault location method for a hybrid line of a high-voltage transmission network based on the traveling wave energy variation characteristic according to claim 1, wherein when the fault point F 2 is located in the line segment P 1P2, the fault location calculation formula is:
Wherein x represents the distance from the fault point F 2 to the point P 1, alpha 2ω (x) is the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with the frequency omega on the section P 1P2 of the line section at the fault distance x, and alpha 4ω (x) is the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with the frequency omega on the section SP 1、P2 R of the line section at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (2);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (2) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (2) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
5. The fault location method for a hybrid line of a high-voltage transmission network based on the traveling wave energy variation characteristic according to claim 1, wherein when the fault point F 3 is located in the line segment P 2 R, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 3 to the end of the line R, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the P 2 R segment at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the P 1P2 segment at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with frequency ω on the SP 1 segment at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (3);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (3) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (3) to calculate the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
6. The high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault location method based on traveling wave energy change characteristics according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the calculation method of the traveling wave energy refractive index is as follows:
setting a traveling wave measuring point in front of and behind the first connecting point or the second connecting point;
Respectively obtaining fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of two traveling wave measuring points;
s conversion is carried out on the fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, and traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega are extracted to obtain zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
And calculating the traveling wave energy before and after the first connection point or the second connection point under different fault positions based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component, and solving the traveling wave energy ratio to obtain the refractive index gamma 1(ω),γ2(ω),…,γn (omega) of the first connection point or the second connection point.
7. The high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault location method based on the traveling wave energy change characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation method of the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient comprises the following steps:
Setting a plurality of traveling wave measuring points on the line section at equal intervals according to the length of the line;
Simulating faults at different positions, recording voltage and current waveforms at each measuring point, and processing the voltage and current travelling waves of the measuring points by using S transformation to obtain a complex matrix;
Calculating the modulus value of each element in the complex matrix, extracting the frequency component of omega, and calculating the traveling wave energy at each measuring point; and calculating the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient of each measuring point position by using the traveling wave energy of each measuring point, and fitting the relation between the traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient and the traveling wave propagation distance by using a cubic function to obtain alpha 1ω(x),α2ω(x),…,α(n+1)ω (x).
8. The utility model provides a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault range unit based on travelling wave energy variation characteristic which characterized in that includes:
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring fault zero-mode voltage traveling wave signals and zero-mode current traveling wave signals of measuring points at two ends of the line;
the first calculation unit is used for carrying out S conversion on the fault zero-mode voltage signal and the zero-mode current traveling wave signal, extracting traveling wave signal components with the frequency omega, and obtaining zero-mode voltage traveling wave components and zero-mode current traveling wave components;
the second calculation unit is used for calculating the traveling wave energy of the measuring points at the two ends of the line based on the zero-mode voltage traveling wave component and the zero-mode current traveling wave component;
the third calculation unit is used for determining a fault section based on the traveling wave energy and a preset fault section positioning criterion;
A fourth calculation unit, configured to obtain a fault point calculation formula corresponding to the fault section, and substituting the traveling wave energy of the measurement points at both ends of the line and the relevant physical parameters corresponding to the fault section into the fault point calculation formula, so as to calculate an accurate position of the fault point;
The measuring points at two ends of the line are set to be an S point and an R point respectively, a first connecting point P 1 and a second connecting point P 2 are arranged on the line, and the fault section positioning criterion comprises:
Wherein K 1 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the rightmost end of the line section SP 1 fails, K 2 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the leftmost end of the line section P 1P2 fails, K 3 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the rightmost end of the line section P 1P2 fails, K 5 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the connecting point P 2 fails, and K 6 is an energy ratio of two measuring points when the leftmost end of the line section P 2 R fails; w S (omega) and W R (omega) are travelling wave energy of measuring points at two ends of the line;
When the fault point F 1 is located in the line section SP 1, the fault location calculation formula is:
Where x represents the distance from the fault point F 1 to the line S end, γ 1 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the first connection point P 1, γ 2 (ω) represents the refractive index of the traveling wave energy passing through the second connection point P 2, α 1ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment SP 1 at the fault distance x, α 3ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 1P2 at the fault distance x, and α 5ω (x) is the attenuation coefficient of the traveling wave component with ω on the line segment P 2 R at the fault distance x;
The accurate position of the fault point is obtained by the following steps:
setting the initial value of x as 0, and calculating an initial traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient based on the formula (1);
The following steps are circularly repeated until the difference value of x calculated in the previous and subsequent times is smaller than a set threshold range, and the last value of x is output as the final position of the fault point F 1:
Bringing the calculated traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient into a formula (1) to calculate the value of x;
and (3) bringing the calculated value of x into a formula (1) to calculate a traveling wave energy attenuation coefficient.
9. The utility model provides a high-voltage transmission network series-parallel line fault ranging system based on travelling wave energy change characteristic which characterized in that includes:
including a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor being operative according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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