CN114309932B - Efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy component - Google Patents
Efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy component Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010603 microCT Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
An efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components. The invention belongs to the technical field of welding. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low efficiency in ultra-narrow gap laser filler wire welding of the existing thick-wall titanium alloy component. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: machining a groove, preprocessing and clamping; step 2: performing laser filler wire welding under the protection of inert gas, wherein the welding wire is a multi-strand stranded welding wire, the welding wire is heated by a hot wire device, a laser beam forms a first included angle with the normal line of a plate, the welding wire forms a second included angle with the plate, and the incidence point of the laser beam and the end part of the welding wire are arranged without interval; step 3: and after the welding bead is cleaned, repeating single-layer single-pass welding until the welding bead is filled up, and finishing welding. Compared with the hot solid welding wire, the method can increase the resistance heat by 4.52-11.12 times, increase the wire feeding speed by about 2-3 times, improve the cladding efficiency by about 2-3 times, reduce the filling channel number by 1-2 times, greatly improve the welding efficiency, reduce the rejection rate and realize wide popularization and application in industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of small density, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, good mechanical property, good heat resistance and corrosion resistance, good machinability and the like, is a good structural material, has very wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, vehicle engineering, mechanical engineering and the like, and is therefore widely valued. The welding of the titanium alloy plays a decisive role in the development of aerospace technology in China and even in the whole scientific technology, industrial development and military strength improvement in China. Development and utilization of advanced materials are a prerequisite for improving industrial technology, and manufacturing technology is a premise for the application of advanced materials. Welding is an indispensable technology for material processing, and development of advanced welding technology has great significance for utilization of advanced materials.
Titanium alloys have a high affinity for oxygen and tend to form TiO with oxygen 2 Oxide, poor weldability, and difficulty in obtaining satisfactory results with general welding techniques. Currently, thick-wall titanium alloys are often welded by gas metal arc welding (TIG), electron Beam Welding (EBW), and the like. The groove processing angle of thick-wall non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding (TIG) generally needs to be larger than 30 degrees, the welding efficiency is low, the welding deformation and residual stress are large, and defects easily exist in welding seams; electron Beam Welding (EBW) has high energy density and high depth-to-width ratio of a weld joint, and is suitable for welding thick-wall materials, but the method needs to be carried out under vacuum conditions, the size of a welded workpiece is limited by a vacuum chamber, and welding of large-size thick-wall components is difficult to realize.
The laser filler wire welding has the advantages of small welding heat input, accurate energy regulation, weld joint structure regulation and the like, so that the laser filler wire welding technology becomes a trend of realizing the high-efficiency connection of the thick-wall ultra-narrow gap of the titanium alloy. However, many solutions are proposed for the related researchers of the defects existing in the thick-wall titanium alloy laser filler wire welding at present, but the existing solutions cannot solve the problem of low efficiency existing in the thick-wall titanium alloy laser filler wire welding.
Because the ultra-narrow gap laser filler wire welding process of the thick titanium alloy plate is the accumulation of single-channel multi-layer filler metal, the quality of each welding line in the welding process directly threatens the service safety of the welding member, and the more the number of welding lines is, the higher the rejection rate is, so that the large-scale popularization in industry is difficult to realize. Therefore, the novel high-efficiency thick-wall titanium alloy laser filler wire welding method suitable for industrial application is developed, and is extremely important for large-scale application of thick-wall titanium alloy, welding cost reduction and yield improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-efficiency welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of a thick-wall titanium alloy component, which aims to solve the technical problem of low efficiency in ultra-narrow gap laser filler wire welding of the traditional thick-wall titanium alloy component.
The invention discloses a high-efficiency welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of a thick-wall titanium alloy component, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: performing groove processing on the thick-wall titanium alloy plate to be welded, performing pretreatment after the groove processing is finished, and then clamping;
step 2: performing laser hot wire filling welding under the protection of inert shielding gas, wherein parameters of the laser hot wire filling welding are set as follows: the welding wire is stranded titanium alloy welding wire, the welding wire is heated by a hot wire device, a laser beam forms a first included angle with the normal line of the plate, the welding wire forms a second included angle with the plate, and the incidence point of the laser beam and the end part of the welding wire are arranged without interval;
step 3: and cleaning the welding bead after the single-layer welding is finished, and then repeating the single-layer single-pass welding until the welding bead is filled up, so that the welding is finished.
And further limiting the thickness of the thick-wall titanium alloy sheet to be welded in the step 1 to be 10-200 mm.
Further defined, the specific parameters of the groove processing in step 1 are: the bevel is Y-shaped or X-shaped, the blunt edge of the bevel is 2-8 mm, and the single bevel angle is 1-3 degrees.
Further defined, the pretreatment in step 1 comprises polishing and pickling, wherein the specific process of pickling is as follows: in HF and HNO 3 Soaking in the mixed solution of (2) for 15-20 min, then washing with water and drying, wherein the HF and HNO are 3 The volume fraction of HF in the mixed solution of (1) is 2% -4%, HNO 3 The volume fraction of (2) is 30-40%.
And (3) further limiting, wherein in the step (2), the inert shielding gas is protected by a shielding gas cover and is supplied with gas after the shielding gas is supplied with gas before welding, and the inert shielding gas is supplied with gas after welding.
Further limited, the inert shielding gas in the step 2 is 99.999% high-purity argon, and the shielding gas flow is 15L/min-30L/min.
Further limited, in the step 2, the diameter of the stranded titanium alloy welding wire is 1.2-3.6 mm, the stranded titanium alloy welding wire is formed by twisting 3-7 strands of titanium alloy welding wires, the twisting angle is 8-16 degrees, and the twisting distance is 6-20 mm.
Further defined, in the step 2, the first included angle is 10-15 degrees, and the second included angle is 30-60 degrees.
Further limited, the specific parameters of heating the welding wire by the hot wire device in the step 2 are 50-200A.
Further limited, the laser beam swinging mode in the step 2 is circular swinging, the swinging frequency is 50 Hz-200 Hz, and the swinging amplitude is 0.5 mm-4 mm.
Further limited, the laser power in the step 2 is 2000W-6000W, the defocusing amount is-20 mm to +20mm, and the welding speed is 0.3 m/min-2 m/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides an ultra-narrow gap welding high-efficiency welding method suitable for thick-wall titanium alloy components, which combines a titanium alloy stranded welding wire with a hot wire device, fully exerts the characteristic of high deposition efficiency of the titanium alloy stranded welding wire and is applied to thick-wall titanium alloy laser filler wire welding. The method reduces the number of narrow gap welding filling channels of the thick-wall titanium alloy component, improves the welding efficiency, reduces the rejection rate, and provides a new method for high-efficiency and high-quality connection of the thick-wall titanium alloy, and has the specific advantages that:
1) In the laser hot-wire filling welding process, heat for melting the welding wire mainly comes from resistance heat and laser energy, and the resistance heat can reduce the dependence of welding wire melting on the laser energy, so that the wire feeding speed can be obviously improved by increasing the resistance heat under the same welding parameters. Under the same hot wire current condition, compared with a hot single-strand solid welding wire, the resistance heat of the hot multi-strand stranded welding wire can be increased by 4.52-11.12 times, the wire feeding speed is increased by about 2-3 times, the cladding efficiency is improved by about 2-3 times, the number of filling channels is reduced by 1-2 times, the welding efficiency is greatly improved, the rejection rate is reduced, and the industrial large-scale popularization and application can be realized.
2) By adjusting the included angle between the laser beam and the end part of the welding wire and the distance between the laser beam and the end part of the welding wire, the welding wire is smoothly melted, stably transits to a molten pool, welding spatter is reduced, and the quality of a welding joint is improved.
3) By setting the swing mode and parameters of laser welding, the welding quality is ensured, and the welding defects are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a welding assembly; 1-laser beam, 2-stranded welding wire, 3-wire feeder, 4-hot wire device, →representing welding direction, +.;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bevel of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a welding wire, a-stranded, b-single stranded solid;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of split twisting;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing typical weld cross-sectional microtomography for example 1 and comparative example 1; a-multi-strand, b-single strand solid;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the amounts of molten metals at different hot wire currents for example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a bevel of example 2;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional photomicrograph of the weld of example 2 after welding.
Detailed Description
Example 1 (see fig. 1): the high-efficiency welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of the thick-wall titanium alloy component is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: groove processing (see fig. 2 for specific forms and dimensions) is carried out on thick-wall titanium alloy plates (10 mm thick and TC4 titanium alloy plates) to be welded, pretreatment is carried out after the processing is finished, the pretreatment comprises polishing and acid washing, and the specific process of acid washing is as follows: in HF and HNO 3 Soaking in the mixed solution of (2) for 20min, washing with water, and drying to obtain the final product 3 The volume fraction of HF in the mixed solution of (3) and HNO 3 The volume fraction of the steel is 35 percent, and then clamping is carried out;
step 2: performing laser hot wire filling welding under the protection of inert shielding gas, wherein parameters of the laser hot wire filling welding are set as follows: the welding wire is stranded titanium alloy welding wire, the welding wire is heated by a hot wire device, a laser beam forms a first included angle with the normal line of the plate, the welding wire forms a second included angle with the plate, and the incidence point of the laser beam and the end part of the welding wire are arranged without interval; the inert shielding gas is supplied with gas through a shielding gas cover in a rear-mounted mode for protection, the gas is supplied in advance before welding, the gas is stopped after welding, the inert shielding gas is 99.999% high-purity argon, the protection gas flow is 20L/min, the diameter of the stranded titanium alloy welding wire is 1.6mm, the stranded titanium alloy welding wire is formed by twisting 3 strands of titanium alloy welding wires, the twisting angle is 12.88 degrees, the twisting distance is 11.8mm (see fig. 3-4), the first included angle is 10 degrees, the second included angle is 40 degrees, specific parameters for heating the welding wire through a hot wire device are 60A-100A, the laser beam swinging mode is circular swinging, the swinging frequency is 200Hz, the swinging amplitude is 2mm, the laser power is 3500W, the defocusing amount is +15mm, the welding speed is 0.6m/min, and the wire feeding speed is 7m/min.
Step 3: and cleaning the welding bead after the single-layer welding is finished, and then repeating the single-layer single-pass welding until the welding bead is filled up, so that the welding is finished.
Example 2: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the thick-wall titanium alloy plate to be welded is a TC4 titanium alloy plate with the thickness of 80mm, the schematic view of a groove is shown in FIG. 7, and the specific parameter of heating the welding wire by a hot wire device is 120A. Other steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1: this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the adopted welding wire is a single-strand solid welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.6mm, and the wire feeding speed is 3.5m/min. Other steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Typical weld cross-sectional profile pairs after welding of example 1 and comparative example 1, such as shown in fig. 5, are significantly more efficient than solid wire for multi-stranded welding wire deposition.
Example 1 and comparative example 1 showed a significant improvement in the efficiency of fusion of the stranded wire over the amount of molten metal at different filament currents as shown in fig. 6.
Example 2 typical welded joint cross-sectional microtopography after welding is shown in fig. 8 with no apparent cross-section defects and good sidewall fusion.
Claims (9)
1. An efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: performing groove processing on the thick-wall titanium alloy plate to be welded, performing pretreatment after the groove processing is finished, and then clamping;
step 2: performing laser hot wire filling welding under the protection of inert shielding gas, wherein parameters of the laser hot wire filling welding are set as follows: the welding wire is stranded titanium alloy welding wire, the welding wire is heated by a hot wire device, a laser beam forms a first included angle with the normal line of the plate, the welding wire forms a second included angle with the plate, and the incidence point of the laser beam and the end part of the welding wire are arranged without interval; the diameter of the stranded titanium alloy welding wire is 1.2-3.6 mm, the stranded titanium alloy welding wire is formed by twisting 3-7 strands of titanium alloy welding wires, the twisting angle is 8-16 degrees, and the twisting distance is 6-20 mm;
step 3: and cleaning the welding bead after the single-layer welding is finished, and then repeating the single-layer single-pass welding until the welding bead is filled up, so that the welding is finished.
2. The efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thick-wall titanium alloy sheet to be welded in the step 1 is 10-200 mm.
3. The efficient welding method for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-walled titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein the specific parameters of the groove processing in step 1 are: the bevel is Y-shaped or X-shaped, the blunt edge of the bevel is 2-8 mm, and the single bevel angle is 1-3 degrees.
4. The efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-walled titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment in step 1 comprises polishing and pickling, and the specific process of pickling is as follows: in HF and HNO 3 Soaking in the mixed solution of (2) for 15-20 min, then washing with water and drying, wherein the HF and HNO are 3 The volume fraction of HF in the mixed solution of (1) is 2% -4%, HNO 3 The volume fraction of (2) is 30-40%.
5. The efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, inert shielding gas is supplied for protection by a shielding gas cover in a rear-mounted mode, gas is supplied in advance before welding, gas is stopped in a rear-mounted mode, the inert shielding gas is 99.999% high-purity argon, and the shielding gas flow is 15-30L/min.
6. The efficient welding method for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-walled titanium alloy components of claim 1 wherein the first included angle in step 2 is 10-15 ° and the second included angle is 30-60 °.
7. The efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein the specific parameters of heating the welding wire through the hot wire device in the step 2 are 50-200A.
8. The efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam swinging mode in the step 2 is circular swinging, the swinging frequency is 50-200 Hz, and the swinging amplitude is 0.5-4 mm.
9. The efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the laser power is 2000-6000W, the defocusing amount is-20 mm to +20mm, and the welding speed is 0.3-2 m/min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111603510.4A CN114309932B (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2021-12-24 | Efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy component |
| PCT/CN2022/118287 WO2023116071A1 (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2022-09-13 | Efficient welding method applicable to ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-walled titanium alloy member |
| GB2313833.2A GB2619223A (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2022-09-13 | Efficient welding method applicable to ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-walled titanium alloy member |
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| CN202111603510.4A CN114309932B (en) | 2021-12-24 | 2021-12-24 | Efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy component |
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| CN114309932B true CN114309932B (en) | 2023-11-10 |
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| CN114309932B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-11-10 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | Efficient welding method suitable for ultra-narrow gap welding of thick-wall titanium alloy component |
| CN115555723A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Laser-consumable electrode electric arc composite welding method |
| CN116652388B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2024-01-23 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | TC4 titanium alloy low-heat input efficient laser fuse additive manufacturing method |
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2021
- 2021-12-24 CN CN202111603510.4A patent/CN114309932B/en active Active
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- 2022-09-13 GB GB2313833.2A patent/GB2619223A/en active Pending
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| CN112872654A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-01 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | TC4 titanium alloy solid welding wire for large-thickness ultra-narrow gap laser filler wire welding and preparation method thereof |
| CN113245701A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-08-13 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Method and device for reducing stress and deformation of narrow-gap laser filler wire welding head of titanium alloy thick plate |
| CN113399835A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-17 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Laser-electric arc hybrid welding method suitable for narrow gap welding of thick-wall component |
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| WO2023116071A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
| GB2619223A (en) | 2023-11-29 |
| CN114309932A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
| GB202313833D0 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
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