CN101947695B - Combined welding technology of high-strength aluminium alloy laser-MIG - Google Patents
Combined welding technology of high-strength aluminium alloy laser-MIG Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined welding method of high-strength aluminium alloy laser-MIG, comprising the following steps: a. setting a combined mode and a welding gun angle; b. setting defocusing amount according to the thickness of a welding plate; c. setting combined welding protective gas as a mixed gas of helium and argon with a volume ratio of helium to argon of 1:4; d. according to welding speed, setting MIG welding air flow quantity; e. according to laser power and MIG current, setting MIG welding voltage value; f. according to the MIG welding voltage value and current value, setting the heat source interval between laser welding and MIG welding; and g. synchronously carrying out laser-MIG compound welding. The technology of the invention can obtain a welding line with clean and smooth welding surface, and the welding line has good shaping and does not have sag. The method has the characteristics of big welding depth of fusion, high speed, small workpiece deformation, low assembly requirement, strong weld pool bridging ability and the like, is easy to integrate and can effectively control the problems of overlarge welding lines and base metal crystalline grain and the like caused by overheating in the aluminium alloy welding process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, relate in particular to a kind of high strength alumin ium alloy laser-MIG complex welding method.
Background technology
Solder technology is an indispensable key manufacture in the modern process industry, has been penetrated into manufacturing each production field of modern mechanical.High-quality, efficiently become and weigh the whether good sign of a kind of welding method and welding procedure.
It is main with the high strength alumin ium alloys such as 7A52,7A05 and 7A09 of aluminium-zinc-magnesium system mainly that existing China vehicle uses aluminium alloy, and they have high yield strength and tensile strength.At present, mainly adopt welding methods such as MIG weldering, TIG weldering and Laser Welding for said material.But, cause the Welding Structure of conventional single TIG weldering, the acquisition of MIG welding method to be out of shape problems such as big, that welding efficiency is lower because aluminium alloy has factors such as high thermal coefficient of expansion and thermal conductivity.Aluminium alloy is owing to have high laser reflectivity, thereby influence the absorptivity of laser and increase the weight of the burden of equipment.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome welding method existing deficiencies in the welding high strength alumin ium alloy such as existing MIG weldering, TIG weldering and single Laser Welding, provide that a kind of welding penetration is big, welding efficiency is high, workpiece deformation is little, matching requirements are low, molten bath bridging ability strong, be easy to a kind of high strength alumin ium alloy laser-MIG complex welding method of characteristics such as integrated.
Design of the present invention is to form a kind of high energy efficiency thermal source that acts on same molten bath through thermal source interaction, the mutual superposition of laser and these two kinds of different physical properties of MIG electric arc and energy transmission mechanism; Mutual coordinative role through two thermals source and compound; Make the laser that affacts the molten bath have high S. E. A. and bridging property; And the plasma density can reduce Laser Welding the time, the MIG weldering is because the booster action of laser has improved fusion penetration; Improve the stability of welding process, improved the moulding of weld seam.
Inventive principle: when laser power is low, its to the attraction of electric arc and compressed capability a little less than, the plasma of generation also a little less than, at this moment can improve compound weldering arc energy density, the raising welding penetration through reducing the MIG weldingvoltage.When laser power is big; Its attraction and compressed capability to electric arc is stronger; The plasma that produces is also stronger, at this moment can reduce the arc plasma volume density through improving the MIG weldingvoltage; Reaching the density that reduces laser plasma, thereby reduce the energy loss of laser penetration plasma and the refraction of light.When the MIG electric current hour, through reducing the absorptivity that heat source spacings improves laser, when the MIG electric current is big, avoids laser to pass through the highdensity gas ions of arc center through increasing heat source spacings, thereby reduce the refraction of laser energy loss and light.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical proposals: a kind of high strength alumin ium alloy laser-MIG complex welding method is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
A, setting complex method and welding gun angle:
Complex method adopts Laser Welding method of synchronization after preceding, MIG are welded in to carry out;
The welding gun angle: it is α=65 °~75 ° of angles that the MIG welding gun is the angle of inclination with the weldering plate; It is β=90 °~95 ° of angles that the laser welding gun is the angle of inclination with the weldering plate;
B, according to welded plate thickness setting defocusing amount:
1. when welding thickness of slab during less than 5mm, defocusing amount is-2mm~-1mm;
2. when welding thickness of slab during more than or equal to 5mm, defocusing amount is-3mm~-2mm;
C, the compound weldering protective gas of setting are the helium argon mixture gas, and the mist volume ratio is: He: Ar=1: 4;
D, set the throughput of MIG weldering according to speed of welding:
1. the speed of welding scope is between 0.7m/s~1.5m/s, the throughput 26L/min~35L/min of MIG weldering;
2. the speed of welding scope is between 1.5m/s~3.0m/s, the throughput 35L/min~45L/min of MIG weldering;
E, the MIG welding voltage value is set according to laser power and MIG electric current:
1. laser power 1000W~3000W, MIG electric current 220A~280A:MIG voltage 22.5V~26.0V;
2. laser power 1000W~3000W, MIG electric current 180A~220A:MIG voltage 21.5V~23.5V;
3. laser power 1000W~3000W, MIG electric current 140A~180A:MIG voltage 20.5V~22.5V;
4. laser power 3000W~5000W, MIG electric current 220A~280A:MIG voltage 23.5V~27.5V;
5. laser power 3000W~5000W, MIG electric current 180A~220A:MIG voltage 22.5V~25.0V;
6. laser power 3000W~5000W, MIG electric current 140A~180A:MIG voltage 21.5V~24.5V;
F, the heat source spacings of Laser Welding and MIG weldering is set according to MIG welding voltage value and current value:
1. MIG voltage 20.5V~23.0V, electric current 140A~180A:MIG heat source spacings 1mm~2mm;
2. MIG voltage 22.5V~24.5V, electric current 180A~220A:MIG heat source spacings 2mm~3mm;
3. MIG voltage 24.0V~27.5V, electric current 220A~280A:MIG heat source spacings 3mm~4mm;
G, carry out the laser-MIG composite welding synchronously.
Compared with prior art; The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: thus 1. control of the shielding action of the plasma of MIG electric arc to laser through the weldingvoltage adjustment; Avoid the highdensity gas ions of laser through the control of heat source spacings through arc center; Can guarantee laser action on MIG weldering molten bath thereby reach, improve the effect higher of fusing mother metal laser absorption rate, can make laser pass through plasma again after energy loss less; 2. control throughput according to speed of welding and not only play protective effect, and can avoid causing the weld porosity defective owing to cross air volume to the molten bath; 3. the control of the complex method through the compound weldering of laser-MIG and laser technical parameters etc., acquisition surface cleaning, smooth, forming, nonpitting weld seam; 4. through the interaction between laser and MIG two thermals source, remedied the deficiency of single thermal source welding procedure, had that welding penetration is big, speed of welding is fast, workpiece deformation is little, matching requirements are low, molten bath bridging ability strong, be easy to characteristics such as integrated; 5. owing to have the weld signature of high efficiency, low distortion and low-heat input quantity, so can effectively control in the aluminum alloy welding termination process because of problems such as the overheated weld seam that causes and mother metal crystal grain are excessive.The present invention is suitable for the welding of aluminium-zinc-magnesium series high-strength aluminum alloy materials such as 7A52,7A05 and 7A09 especially.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the welder structural representation of the compound weldering of laser-MIG of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, welded plate; 2, laser welding gun; 3, MIG welding gun;
H is a heat source spacings, promptly refers to laser thermal source center and the MIG thermal source center spacing on the welded plate plane;
α is the angle of inclination between MIG welding gun and the welded plate;
β is the angle of inclination between laser welding gun and the welded plate.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention carries out the welding point design according to welded plate thickness earlier after high strength alumin ium alloy is welded the compound soldering method of employing laser-MIG before the welding manner design; Promptly according to thickness of slab decision bevel or square groove, the general less square groove of thickness of slab directly welds, and thickness of slab is bigger wants bevel; Pure limit 15mm is stayed in bevel angle=25 °~30 °, for square groove; Adopt single face welding and double face shaping, bevelled employing welding by both sides double-faced forming.According to above-mentioned requirements processing welded plate, get into compound weldering step design then, at first be the welding manner design, welding manner be designed to Laser Welding preceding, MIG metal argon arc welding after the compound weldering mode of carrying out synchronously; The welding gun angle design: it is α=65 °~75 ° of angles that MIG welding gun 3 and welded plate 1 are the angle of inclination, and it is β=90 °~95 ° of angles that laser welding gun 2 and welded plate 1 are the angle of inclination;
Handle the mist control valve then on request and regulate helium (He) and argon gas (Ar) mixed proportion by volume;
The welding condition design comprises:
(1) presses welded plate thickness and select laser power, defocusing amount, speed of welding;
(2) welding current of selecting MIG to weld;
(3) set the MIG weldingvoltage according to laser power and MIG welding current;
(4) set MIG weldering throughput according to speed of welding;
(5) the heat source spacings H of Laser Welding and MIG weldering is set according to MIG welding voltage value and current value.
During welding laser welding gun 2 and MIG welding gun 3 are installed on the welder by welding direction shown in Figure 1 and relevant position requirement, advancing of welding gun welded by electronic synchronously.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is the thick 7A05 high strength alumin ium alloy of 3mm to thickness; Adopt the laser-MIG complex welding method; Welding manner is an one side welding with back formation, square groove, it may further comprise the steps: (1) is provided with the compound weldering complex method of laser-MIG be Laser Welding preceding, MIG argon arc welding after; (2) setting MIG weldering gas, is 1: 4 mist through gas mixing valve acquisition He, Ar volume ratio; (3) the setting laser bonding power is 2000W, and speed of welding is 2000mm/s, defocusing amount is-and 2mm~-1mm; (4) setting the MIG welding current is 140A~160A, weldingvoltage: 20.5V~21.5V; (5) setting MIG weldering throughput by speed of welding is 35L/min~45L/min, and heat source spacings is 1mm~2mm.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is the thick 7A05 high strength alumin ium alloy of 6mm to thickness; Adopt the laser-MIG complex welding method; Welding manner is an one side welding with back formation, square groove, it may further comprise the steps: (1) is provided with the compound weldering complex method of laser-MIG be Laser Welding preceding, MIG argon arc welding after; (2) setting MIG weldering gas, is 1: 4 mist through gas mixing valve acquisition He, Ar volume ratio; (3) the setting laser bonding power is 3000W, and speed of welding is 1400mm/s, defocusing amount is-and 3mm~-2mm; (4) setting the MIG welding current is 160A~180A, weldingvoltage: 20.5V~22.5V; (5) setting MIG weldering throughput by speed of welding is 26L/min~35L/min, and heat source spacings is 1mm~2mm.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is the thick 7A52 high strength alumin ium alloy of 10mm to thickness; Adopt the laser-MIG complex welding method; Welding manner is an one side welding with back formation, square groove, it may further comprise the steps: (1) is provided with the compound weldering complex method of laser-MIG be Laser Welding preceding, MIG argon arc welding after; (2) setting MIG weldering gas, is 1: 4 mist through gas mixing valve acquisition He, Ar volume ratio; (3) the setting laser bonding power is 5000W, and speed of welding is 1000mm/s, defocusing amount is-and 3mm~-2mm; (4) setting the MIG welding current is 200A~220A, weldingvoltage: 23.5V~24.5V; (5) setting MIG weldering throughput by speed of welding is 26L/min~35L/min, and heat source spacings is 2mm~3mm.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment is the thick 7A52 high strength alumin ium alloy of 12mm to thickness; Adopt the laser-MIG complex welding method; Welding manner is an one side welding with back formation, square groove, it may further comprise the steps: (1) is provided with the compound weldering complex method of laser-MIG be Laser Welding preceding, MIG argon arc welding after; (2) setting MIG weldering gas, is 1: 4 mist through gas mixing valve acquisition He, Ar volume ratio; (3) the setting laser bonding power is 5000W, and speed of welding is 700mm/s, defocusing amount is-and 3mm~-2mm; (4) setting the MIG welding current is 220A~280A, weldingvoltage: 23.5V~27.5V; (5) setting MIG weldering throughput by speed of welding is 26L/min~35L/min, and heat source spacings is 3mm~4mm.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, so long as the scheme of mentioning in the specification all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a high strength alumin ium alloy laser-MIG complex welding method is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
A, setting complex method and welding gun angle:
Complex method adopts Laser Welding method of synchronization after preceding, MIG are welded in to carry out;
The welding gun angle: it is α=65 °~75 ° of angles that the MIG welding gun is the angle of inclination with the weldering plate; It is β=90 °~95 ° of angles that the laser welding gun is the angle of inclination with the weldering plate;
B, according to welded plate thickness setting defocusing amount:
1. when welding thickness of slab during less than 5mm, defocusing amount is-2mm~-1mm;
2. when welding thickness of slab during more than or equal to 5mm, defocusing amount is-3mm~-2mm;
C, the compound weldering protective gas of setting are the helium argon mixture gas, and the mist volume ratio is: He: Ar=1: 4;
D, set the throughput of MIG weldering according to speed of welding:
1. the speed of welding scope is between 0.7m/s~1.5m/s, the throughput 26L/min~35L/min of MIG weldering;
2. the speed of welding scope is between 1.5m/s~3.0m/s, the throughput 35L/min~45L/min of MIG weldering;
E, the MIG welding voltage value is set according to laser power and MIG electric current:
1. laser power 1000W~3000W, MIG electric current 220A~280A:MIG voltage 22.5V~26.0V;
2. laser power 1000W~3000W, MIG electric current 180A~220A:MIG voltage 21.5V~23.5V;
3. laser power 1000W~3000W, MIG electric current 140A~180A:MIG voltage 20.5V~22.5V;
4. laser power 3000W~5000W, MIG electric current 220A~280A:MIG voltage 23.5V~27.5V;
5. laser power 3000W~5000W, MIG electric current 180A~220A:MIG voltage 22.5V~25.0V;
6. laser power 3000W~5000W, MIG electric current 140A~180A:MIG voltage 21.5V~24.5V;
F, the heat source spacings of Laser Welding and MIG weldering is set according to MIG welding voltage value and current value:
1. MIG voltage 20.5V~23.0V, electric current 140A~180A:MIG heat source spacings 1mm~2mm;
2. MIG voltage 22.5V~24.5V, electric current 180A~220A:MIG heat source spacings 2mm~3mm;
3. MIG voltage 24.0V~27.5V, electric current 220A~280A:MIG heat source spacings 3mm~4mm;
G, carry out the laser-MIG composite welding synchronously.
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