CN106425100B - Bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method based on transition zone control - Google Patents
Bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method based on transition zone control Download PDFInfo
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- CN106425100B CN106425100B CN201611103420.8A CN201611103420A CN106425100B CN 106425100 B CN106425100 B CN 106425100B CN 201611103420 A CN201611103420 A CN 201611103420A CN 106425100 B CN106425100 B CN 106425100B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
A kind of bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method based on transition zone control, suitable for the welding of titanium steel composite board.The present invention is in order to solve welding process complex operation existing for the welding of existing titanium steel composite board, the problem of accumulation heat input is big, and welding stress deformation is big, and welding efficiency is low, a kind of bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method based on transition zone control of proposition.Comprise the following steps：1) groove of half elliptic is prepared along titanium steel composite board interface；2) welding region is cleared up；3) transition zone is prepared：Transition zone is prepared using a certain proportion of metal dust is well mixed；4) laser bilateral welds：Mounting clip is next, and titanium steel composite board is preheating into 100 120 DEG C；Welded using laser two-side synchronous, by controlling heat input during weldering, make both sides metal alloying uniform.This method improves the mechanical property of the welding point of titanium steel composite board by the control of transition zone, simplifies existing welding technique, realizes high-quality, efficient welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method based on transition zone control, belong to weldering
Connection technology field.
Background technology
Titanium can generate one layer of fine and close oxide-film in its surface, can protect because it has very big affinity to oxygen
Titanium is protected not by dielectric corrosion.Therefore, titanium has steady well in acid, alkalescence, neutral saline solutions and in Oxidant
Qualitative and corrosion resistance, titanium alloy are widely used in oil, chemical industry, metallurgy, desalinization shipbuilding, electric power and ocean engineering etc.
Industry.But the rate of exchange of titanium alloy cost are high, and by titanium and other metal composites, metallic composite is made, can both play titanium
Excellent properties, can reduce cost again, and titanium-steel composite material is exactly such a material.Titanium steel composite board is with blast or rolling
Method makes titanium and steel reaches the composite metal plate of metallurgical binding, includes the combination of titanium coating, base steel layer and titanium coating and base steel layer
Face (compound interface).Wherein, titanium coating thickness is relatively thin, is the anticorrosion layer in composite metal plate, steel groundwork thickness is thicker, is metal
Stress layer in composite plate.
Although titanium steel composite board belongs to the welding of dissimilar metal with very excellent performance, the welding of titanium and steel,
There is larger difference in the physical and chemical properties such as the thermal conductivity of titanium and steel, linear expansion coefficient, cause welding certain difficulty to be present.Mesh
Before, the welding method of titanium steel composite board is mainly argon arc welding, because the fusing point of titanium is high, thermal capacity is big, poor thermal conductivity, using fusing
It is bigger to the heat input of metal when electrode argon arc welding is welded, in welding process the titanium alloy high-temperature residence time grow, weld seam and
Heat affected area crystal grain is grown up significantly, so as to cause the decline of the plasticity of welding point and fracture toughness.Decline the plasticity of joint.
When carrying out filler wire welding using non-melting electrode argon arc welding, heat input reduces, but weld layer road number is relatively more, welding efficiency
It is low.Moreover, when solubility of the Fe in Ti it is extremely low, when Fe content is more than 0.1%, then can form TiFe and TiFe2Deng hard
Compound between brittle metal, cause titanium steel central weld area easily to form a large amount of hard crisp intermetallic compounds, make the plasticity of weld seam
Reduce, fragility increase.Therefore during the direct melting welding of titanium steel composite board, the weld seam of titanium and steel easily forms crackle in welding process,
It is hardly possible that continuous welding point is directly formed using the method for common melting welding between titanium and steel.
At present, titanium steel composite board welding method (mainly argon tungsten-arc welding), it is necessary to using different welding wires to titanium layer,
Transition zone and steel layer carry out multi-layer multi-pass welding, welding process complexity be present, and accumulation heat input is big, and speed of welding is low, and welding should
The problems such as power is big.Laser welding has energy density high, heat input is low, and heat affected area is narrow, workpiece compared with traditional welding method
Produce and shrink with deforming many advantages, such as smaller.Welded using laser two-side synchronous, the metal of weld seam both sides can be made simultaneously
Heating and cooling, it can effectively reduce deformation and the stress of joint.
The content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is for welding process complex operation existing for solving the welding of existing titanium steel composite board, is tired out
The problem of accumulated heat input is big, and welding stress deformation is big, and welding efficiency is low, and then a kind of bilateral based on transition zone control is provided and swashed
Light titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method.This method realizes the full impregnated welding of titanium steel composite board, improves titanium steel composite board
Welding point mechanical property, simplify existing welding technique, improve the production efficiency of titanium steel composite board, titanium steel can be promoted to answer
The application of plywood.
The present invention realizes that its goal of the invention is adopted the technical scheme that：A kind of bilateral laser titanium based on transition zone control
Steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method, comprises the following steps：
1) welding groove, is processed：At the compound transition wire of the welded section of titanium steel composite board to be welded, along compound transition wire
Length direction processing section is the groove of half elliptic；Compound transition wire be titanium steel composite board from the point of view of welded section, titanium
Transition wire among coating and base steel layer；
2) welding region, is cleared up：Clear up the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded, treat welding zone and peripheral region；
3) transition zone, is prepared：Use acetone as bonding agent and pasty state is made in well mixed transition metal powder,
It is even to be filled at the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded, compress and carry out drying and processing；The transition metal powder by weighing as follows
Measure the material composition of part：Niobium 10-20%, vanadium 30-40%, beryllium 30-40%, copper 10-20%, said components percentage by weight sum
For 100%；
4), laser bilateral welds：Titanium steel composite board group to be welded is clamped to assembling, preheated titanium steel composite board to be welded before weldering
To 100-120 DEG C；Bilateral (titanium coating side and base steel layer side) synchronous welding, welding are carried out to titanium steel composite board to be welded using laser
When control matching between laser power and speed of welding, make the molten bath bottom of both sides (titanium coating side and base steel layer side) metal proper
It is located at the compound interface position of titanium steel composite board well；Using high-purity argon gas butt welding of the purity not less than 99.999% in welding process
Seam and high temperature weld metal zone and heat affected area are protected.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the present invention can realize the complete penetraction and fusion in welding of titanium steel composite board, existing welding technique can be simplified, significantly improve welding
Efficiency and quality；
2. the control of the invention by transition zone, the toughness and tenacity of joint can be improved；
3. compared with existing welding technique, the present invention can reduce heat input, welding deformation and residual stress；
, can be generally applicable in field of industrial production 4. the scope that this technology can be applicable is wide.
Further, it is half elliptic that step 1) of the present invention processes section in the welded section of titanium steel composite board to be welded
Groove, the depth of groove is the 1/2 of half elliptic short axle a, and the major axis b and titanium steel composite board to be welded of half elliptic titanium cover
Layer, short axle a=1-1.6mm, the major axis b=1-2mm of the half elliptic vertical with the faying face of base steel layer.
Transition zone groove is used as using ellipse, for filling transition metal powder；Ellipse and the weld seam of Laser Welding
Section is similar, by preparing buffer layer material, in laser beam welding, is advantageous to transition metal and titanium coating side and base steel
The fusion transition of layer side, so as to suppress the generation of brittle intermetallic compound, improve the toughness and tenacity of composite plate welding point
And the decay resistance of weld seam.Through experiment find, using short axle a=1-1.6mm, major axis b=1-2mm oval groove size both
Transition metal and the fusion transition of titanium coating side and base steel layer side can be ensured, suppress the generation of brittle intermetallic compound,
Welding cost is saved again, is not changed the original performance of titanium steel composite board, is ensured the toughness and tenacity of welding point.
Further, the specific practice of step 2) cleaning welding region of the present invention is：Clear up titanium steel composite board to be welded
Groove and region to be welded, cleaning area should be not less than the 15mm of bevelled edge, remove impurity removing and oxide-film, then use alcoholic solution
Clear up and treat welding zone and treat around welding zone, organics removal impurity.
So, it is ensured that impurity is not present in welding, ensures welding quality.
Further, the fit-up gap that step 4) of the present invention clamps titanium steel composite board group to be welded to assembling is 0-
0.2mm。
Further, two-side synchronous welding, weldering are carried out to titanium steel composite board to be welded using laser in step 4) of the present invention
The matching between laser power and speed of welding is controlled when connecing, the molten bath bottom of both sides metal is located exactly at titanium steel composite board
The specific practice of compound interface position is：First pass through previous experiments and determine that titanium when certain speed of welding is issued to required fusion penetration covers
Layer side weld heat input and base steel layer side weld heat input；In actual bilateral welds simultaneously, according to speed of welding, strict control
Laser power makes titanium coating side line energy and base steel layer side line energy is the corresponding with the speed of welding of previous experiments determination
Heat input.
So, guidance can be provided for the accurate setting of actual welding procedure parameter, avoided caused by parameter area is larger
Welding point fusion it is asymmetric, the defects of generating friable tissues.
Further, the high temperature weldering protected in step 4) of the present invention using high-purity argon gas of the purity not less than 99.999%
Seam area and heat affected area refer to region of the temperature more than 295 DEG C in welding process.
Because titanium has very strong chemical activity at high temperature, titanium quickly inhales hydrogen more than 300 DEG C, and more than 600 DEG C quick
Oxygen uptake, more than 700 DEG C quick suction nitrogen.Found through experiment, to titanium, temperature is higher than 295 DEG C in welding process and postwelding cooling procedure
Region carry out protection and effectively titanium can be protected not chemically react.
The present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention processes the titanium steel composite board schematic diagram after welding groove.
Fig. 2 is laser of embodiment of the present invention bilateral welding schematic diagram.
In figure, 1.1 be titanium coating, and 1.2 be base steel layer, and 2.1 be welding groove, and 2.2 be intermediate layer, and 3 be laser beam.
Embodiment
The present invention a kind of embodiment be：The dimensions of the titanium steel composite board of use is 3mm+3mm, by rolling
Method obtains.
Above-mentioned titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method, comprises the following steps：
1) welding groove, is processed：At the compound transition wire of the welded section of titanium steel composite board to be welded, along compound transition wire
Length direction processing section is the groove of half elliptic, and the depth of groove is the 1/2 of half elliptic short axle a, half elliptic
Major axis b is vertical with the faying face of base steel layer with the titanium coating of titanium steel composite board to be welded, the short axle a=1- of the half elliptic
1.6mm, major axis b=1-2mm；Titanium steel composite board to be welded after finished edge is as shown in Figure 1.
2) welding region, is cleared up：Clear up the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded, treat welding zone and peripheral region；Specific practice
To clear up the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded and region to be welded, cleaning area should be not less than the 15mm of bevelled edge, remove impurity removing
And oxide-film, then treat welding zone with alcoholic solution cleaning and treat around welding zone, organics removal impurity.
3) transition zone, is prepared：Use acetone as bonding agent and pasty state is made in well mixed transition metal powder,
It is even to be filled at the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded, compress and carry out drying and processing；The transition metal powder by weighing as follows
Measure the material composition of part：Niobium 10-20%, vanadium 30-40%, beryllium 30-40%, copper 10-20%, said components percentage by weight sum
For 100%；
4), laser bilateral welds：Titanium steel composite board group to be welded is clamped to assembling, fit-up gap 0-0.2mm will before welding
Titanium steel composite board is preheating to 100-120 DEG C；As shown in Fig. 2 two-side synchronous welding is carried out to titanium steel composite board to be welded using laser,
The matching between laser power and speed of welding is controlled during welding, the molten bath bottom of both sides metal is located exactly at titanium steel composite board
Compound interface position；295 are more than to weld seam and temperature using high-purity argon gas of the purity not less than 99.999% in welding process
DEG C high temperature weld metal zone and heat affected area protected.
Two-side synchronous welding is carried out to titanium steel composite board to be welded using laser in step 4) described in this example, is controlled during welding
Matching between laser power and speed of welding, the molten bath bottom of both sides metal is set to be located exactly at the compound interface of titanium steel composite board
The specific practice of position is：First pass through titanium coating side when previous experiments determine that required fusion penetration must be reached under certain speed of welding
Weld heat input and base steel layer side weld heat input；In actual bilateral welds simultaneously, according to speed of welding, laser is strictly controlled
The line corresponding with the speed of welding that power enables titanium coating side line energy and base steel layer side line energy is previous experiments determination
Amount.
Previous experiments in this example comprise the concrete steps that：To determine the welding parameter used in welding process, preparation is used
The test plate (panel) of good groove and intermediate layer, unilateral welding is carried out in titanium coating side, welding parameter used is：Swash within the 4s times
Luminous power is linearly reduced to 2.0kW, speed of welding 2m/min, laser focal 300mm by 3.0kW, and postwelding is along Weld pipe mill direction
Processing sample, metallographic specimen is produced, by measuring the weld penetration of diverse location, determine swashing when weld penetration is 3-3.2mm
Luminous power, obtain needed for fusion penetration when titanium coating side weld heat input.The welding of base steel layer side is obtained using same method
Heat input, then final parameter area is obtained for 2.5m/min by changing speed of welding.
In this example simultaneously when actual bilateral welds, laser used is optical fiber laser, and parameter used in welding is：Laser
Power 2.5-3.0kW, speed of welding 2-2.5m/min, laser focal 300mm, focus positioned at two pieces of test plate (panel)s assembly center, two
The matching between strict control laser power and speed of welding is needed in side while welding process, controls titanium coating side line energy
For：Q=65-70J/mm, base steel layer side line energy are：Q=45-50J/mm, the molten bath bottom of both sides metal is set to be located exactly at titanium
The compound interface position of steel composite board, realize the full penetration of both sides metal.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding method based on transition zone control, comprises the following steps：
1) welding groove, is processed：At the compound transition wire of titanium steel composite board welded section to be welded, along compound transition line length side
To the groove that processing section is half elliptic；
2) welding region, is cleared up：Clear up the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded, treat welding zone and peripheral region；
3) transition zone, is prepared：Use acetone as bonding agent and pasty state is made in well mixed transition metal powder, uniformly fill out
Fill at the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded, compress and carry out drying and processing；The transition metal powder is by following weight hundred
Divide the material composition of ratio：Niobium 10-20%, vanadium 30-40%, beryllium 30-40%, copper 10-20%, said components percentage by weight sum
For 100%；
4), laser bilateral welds：Titanium steel composite board group to be welded is clamped to assembling, is preheating to titanium steel composite board to be welded before weldering
100-120℃；Two-side synchronous welding is carried out to titanium steel composite board to be welded using laser, laser power and welding speed are controlled during welding
Matching between degree, the molten bath bottom of both sides metal is set to be located exactly at the compound interface position of titanium steel composite board；In welding process
High temperature weld metal zone and heat affected area are protected using high-purity argon gas of the purity not less than 99.999%.
A kind of 2. bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding side based on transition zone control according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The step 1) processes the groove that section is half elliptic in the welded section of titanium steel composite board to be welded,
The depth of groove is the 1/2 of half elliptic short axle a, the major axis b of half elliptic and the titanium coating of titanium steel composite board to be welded and steel
The faying face of basic unit is vertical, short axle a=1-1.6mm, the major axis b=1-2mm of the half elliptic.
A kind of 3. bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding side based on transition zone control according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The specific practice of the step 2) cleaning welding region is：Clear up the groove of titanium steel composite board to be welded and treat
Welding zone domain, cleaning area should be not less than the 15mm of bevelled edge, remove impurity removing and oxide-film, then be cleared up with alcoholic solution to be welded
Area and treat around welding zone, organics removal impurity.
A kind of 4. bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding side based on transition zone control according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：It is 0- to the fit-up gap of assembling clamping carrying out the step 4) by titanium steel composite board group to be welded
0.2mm。
A kind of 5. bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding side based on transition zone control according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Two-side synchronous welding is carried out to titanium steel composite board to be welded using laser in the step 4), is controlled during welding
Matching between laser power and speed of welding, the molten bath bottom of both sides metal is set to be located exactly at the compound interface of titanium steel composite board
The specific practice of position is：First pass through previous experiments and determine that titanium coating side when certain speed of welding is issued to required fusion penetration is welded
Heat input and base steel layer side weld heat input；In actual bilateral welds simultaneously, according to speed of welding, laser power is strictly controlled
The heat input corresponding with the speed of welding for making titanium coating side line energy and base steel layer side line energy be determined for previous experiments.
A kind of 6. bilateral laser titanium steel composite board complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding side based on transition zone control according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The high temperature weld metal zone protected using high-purity argon gas of the purity not less than 99.999% in the step 4) and
Heat affected area refers to region of the temperature more than 295 DEG C in welding process.
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