CN114303841A - Continuous rotation method for poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest - Google Patents
Continuous rotation method for poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous rotation method of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest, relating to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and the key points of the technical scheme are as follows: selecting a natural forest land suitable for planting poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma; in the first year, poria cocos is planted under natural forest land, quicklime is scattered to kill harmful germs after the poria cocos is harvested, and a first bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality; in the second year, planting rhizoma Gastrodiae in pit left after harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae in the first year, scattering quicklime to kill harmful bacteria after harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae, and adding second bacteria to balance and adjust soil quality; and in the third year, the residual miscellaneous trees planted by the gastrodia elata in the second year are reused for planting lucid ganoderma, the lucid ganoderma is harvested, quicklime is spread to kill harmful germs, and a third bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality. The invention realizes the microbial balance restoration of the planting soil of the tuckahoe, the gastrodia elata and the lucid ganoderma under the condition of hardly reducing the yield, and can continuously plant the traditional Chinese medicinal materials with high yield under the natural forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, in particular to a continuous rotation method for poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest.
Background
Research shows that after a growth period of tuckahoe cultivation, tuckahoe fungi are saprophytic and parasitic, and mainly decompose and absorb cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like in a culture material as nutrients, although the tuckahoe fungi do not directly absorb the nutrients from soil, the tuckahoe fungi have great influence on the soil environment, wherein the tuckahoe fungi comprise changes of physical and chemical factors and biological factors such as soil pH value, biological community, allelochemicals, pathogenic bacteria and the like, the allelochemicals are generated, the number of soil microorganisms and the enzyme activity are reduced, specifically, the total number of the microorganisms before and after cultivation is reduced by 14.8 percent on average, the bacteria are increased by 2.3 percent, and actinomycetes and fungi are reduced by 52.6 percent and 66.8 percent respectively; compared with the two layers, the actinomycete in the layer of 50cm is reduced by 6.6 percent more and the fungus in the layer of 25cm is reduced by 18.2 percent more. Urease and acid phosphatase activities were reduced by 11.6% and 12.2% on average, and dehydrogenase and catalase activities by 90.4% and 91.7%.
In addition, the conventional gastrodia elata planting area is large in gastrodia elata planting area, the replacement of land parcels is limited, the environment is deteriorated due to long-term concentrated planting, the soil is acidified due to the accumulation of metabolic products of armillaria mellea, the infection of bacteria and miscellaneous bacteria is serious, the number of diseases and insect pests harmful to gastrodia elata is increased, the occurrence of diseases such as gastrodia elata black spot and rust rot is caused, and the yield and the quality are reduced.
In addition, the existing research shows that the total number of soil microorganisms is in a descending trend along with the increase of the planting age of the lucid ganoderma, the number of bacteria is greatly reduced, particularly, two physiological microorganism groups closely related to the growth and the propagation of the lucid ganoderma, aerobic cellulose decomposition bacteria and aerobic self-growing nitrogen-fixing bacteria are greatly reduced, and the descending range of the number of the two microorganisms reaches a very significant level after two years of cultivation; the number of pathogenic fungi such as Trichoderma, Penicillium, Neurospora and Aspergillus is greatly increased. Continuous cropping changes the original soil micro-ecological environment and destroys the balance of the soil microbial flora.
Poria cocos, rhizoma gastrodiae and ganoderma lucidum are suitable for cultivation in the forest, and continuous cropping obstacles exist in cultivation. Therefore, how to research and design a continuous rotation method of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum under forest, which can overcome the defects, is an urgent need to solve the problem at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a continuous rotation method for poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest, which realizes the self-recovery of microbial balance of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma planting soil under the condition of hardly reducing yield, can continuously and highly plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials under natural forest, and provides a foundation for high-yield, high-quality and high-economic-benefit planting of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a continuous rotation method for poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a natural forest land suitable for planting poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma;
s2: in the first year, poria cocos is planted under natural forest land, quicklime is scattered to kill harmful germs after the poria cocos is harvested, and a first bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality;
s3: in the second year, planting rhizoma Gastrodiae in pit left after harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae in the first year, scattering quicklime to kill harmful bacteria after harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae, and adding second bacteria to balance and adjust soil quality;
s4: in the third year, the residual miscellaneous trees planted by the gastrodia elata in the second year are reused for planting lucid ganoderma, the lucid ganoderma is harvested, quicklime is spread to kill harmful germs, and a third bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality;
s5: continuously crop rotation of Poria, rhizoma Gastrodiae and Ganoderma under forest is carried out in a crop rotation period of three years.
Preferably, the specific steps of planting the poria cocos are as follows:
s21: site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in the field, digging a cellar, and keeping the depth of 30-40cm, the width of 90-150cm and the length of no limit;
s22: inoculation of Poria cocos
Selecting fresh and active small poria cocos bacterium blocks for inducing; before the tuckahoe bag material is put into the cellar, one side of the tuckahoe fungus bag is cut, tuckahoe fresh sclerotia is placed at the cut part of the fungus bag and is tightly attached to the culture material, and then the tuckahoe fungus bag material is covered with soil with the thickness of about 7-12 cm;
s23: management of field
When the kiln soil is cracked or the polyporus bodies are exposed, fine grains are used for hilling, weeds are removed, and people and livestock are prevented from treading in the ground;
s24: harvesting of Poria
After 6-8 months of fungus bag cultivation, the tuckahoe is matured successively and should be collected in time.
Preferably, the first bacterium group consists of actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa and lactic acid bacteria, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 5.5-6.0.
Preferably, the planting of the gastrodia elata specifically comprises the following steps:
s31: site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in the field, digging a cellar, and keeping the depth of 30-40cm, the width of 90-150cm and the length of no limit;
s32: rhizoma Gastrodiae seeding
Laying 1-2 cm thick dry branches and fallen leaves on the bottom layer of the cellar, placing 2 layers of miscellaneous wood strips on the top layer, wherein the miscellaneous wood strips are 100-120 cm long, and cutting barks of the wood strips into xylem by a knife; laying a layer of dry branches and fallen leaves between two layers of miscellaneous wood strips for separation; the Armillaria mellea cultivated species are placed at two ends of the miscellaneous tree strips, and the gaps are filled with the mixture of dead branches and fallen leaves and sand; taking the hemp seeds, attaching the hemp seeds to the edges of the fungus material, and covering a layer of 0.5cm dry branches and fallen leaves and a sand-soil mixture; placing sterilized rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds beside Armillariella mellea cultivated species with its mouth facing outwards, covering with a layer of fine soil, and covering with a layer of small miscellaneous wood stick; finally, covering 7 centimeters of humus soil on the small firewood sticks; each cellar needs 8-10 bags of Armillaria mellea cultivated species, and 500-800 g of rhizoma gastrodiae seeds are needed;
s33: management of field
Rain and water accumulation are prevented after planting, fungus and hemp are prevented from rotting, and the fungus and hemp are shaded in time, so that people and livestock are strictly prevented from trampling and being infected by mixed fungi;
s34: harvesting Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is cultivated for about 6-8 months, and then the gastrodia elata is matured successively and collected in time.
Preferably, the second bacterial group consists of trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, azotobacter chroococcum and azotobacter chroococcum, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 4.0-5.0.
Preferably, the ganoderma lucidum planting method comprises the following specific steps:
s41: site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in a field, collecting surface soil as soil for covering soil, and then ditching to form furrows, wherein the depth is 20-30 cm, the width is 90-150cm, and the length is not limited;
s42: vertical soil-covered cultivation
After the ganoderma lucidum fungus bags are full and change colors, opening the bag openings, and vertically arranging the ganoderma lucidum fungus bags on a ridge bed, wherein the distance between the fungus bags is 3-5 cm; covering soil with surface soil, filling, immediately spraying water until soil particles slightly stick to hands, stopping spraying water, and covering small arch films on each ridge for moisturizing; keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃, keeping moisture and ventilating, and generally earthing and planting for 7-14 days to finish bud forcing; when the fungus stalk is differentiated from the ganoderma lucidum primordium, uncovering the film bottom on the ridge bed every day, and ventilating for 3-4 times, wherein each time is for 30-40 min;
s43: management of fruiting bodies
The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25-30 ℃, and if the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, cooling measures are required; the relative humidity of air is kept between 85 and 95 percent, and weeds are cleared in time during the growth period of the lucid ganoderma sporocarp to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;
s44: collected glossy ganoderma
Collecting the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body.
Preferably, the third bacterial group consists of trichoderma harzianum, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus licheniformis.
Preferably, the site selection of the natural forest land is specifically as follows: selecting a natural forest land which faces the sun, has loose soil and has the elevation of 600 + 1200m, wherein the periphery of the forest land is provided with uninterrupted natural water sources all the year round and an area with good drainage and ventilation, and a sunshade net shed is built above the underground land.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for continuously crop rotation of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum under forest, provided by the invention, under the condition that the yield is hardly reduced, the microbial balance recovery of the poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum planting soil is realized, traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be continuously planted under natural forest at high yield, a foundation is provided for high-yield, high-quality and high-economic-benefit planting of the poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum, the destruction rate of natural forest land is effectively reduced, and reasonable and sustainable utilization of resources is realized;
2. according to the invention, Poria cocos, rhizoma gastrodiae and lucid ganoderma are continuously crop in the forest, so that the existing resources such as pit, miscellaneous tree and the like can be repeatedly utilized, the cultivation difficulty is effectively reduced, and the resource waste is avoided;
3. the invention considers the mutual promotion effect of allelopathy among tuckahoe, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma by comprehensively considering pH value, bacteria, fungi and the like, takes the tuckahoe, the gastrodia elata and the lucid ganoderma to carry out continuous rotation for three years as a cycle, and overcomes the rotation obstacle of the tuckahoe, the gastrodia elata and the lucid ganoderma; in addition, on the basis of self-balancing and recovering of microorganisms in the planting soil of the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the lucid ganoderma, artificial microorganism balancing adjustment is achieved by adding different bacterium groups, and high-yield and high-quality planting of various traditional Chinese medicinal materials is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example 1: a continuous rotation method of Poria, rhizoma Gastrodiae and Ganoderma in forest is specifically realized by the following steps.
Selecting a natural forest land suitable for planting poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma; specifically, a natural forest land which faces the sun, is loose in soil and has the elevation of 600 + 1200m is selected, a natural water source which is uninterrupted all the year around the forest land and an area with good drainage and ventilation are arranged around the forest land, and a sunshade net shed is built above the underground land.
Step two, in the first year, the poria cocos is planted in the natural forest land, the quicklime is spread to kill harmful germs after the poria cocos is harvested, and the first bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality.
The specific steps of planting the poria cocos are as follows:
1. site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in the field, digging a cellar, and keeping the depth of 30-40cm, the width of 90-150cm and the length of no limit;
2. inoculation of Poria cocos
Selecting fresh and active small poria cocos bacterium blocks for inducing; before the tuckahoe bag material is put into the cellar, one side of the tuckahoe fungus bag is cut, tuckahoe fresh sclerotia is placed at the cut part of the fungus bag and is tightly attached to the culture material, and then the tuckahoe fungus bag material is covered with soil with the thickness of about 7-12 cm;
3. management of field
When the kiln soil is cracked or the polyporus bodies are exposed, fine grains are used for hilling, weeds are removed, and people and livestock are prevented from treading in the ground;
4. harvesting of Poria
After 6-8 months of fungus bag cultivation, the tuckahoe is matured successively and should be collected in time.
The first bacterial group consists of actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa and lactic acid bacteria, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 5.5-6.0.
And step three, planting the gastrodia elata in the pit left after the gastrodia elata is harvested in the first year in the second year, scattering quick lime to kill harmful bacteria after the gastrodia elata is harvested, and adding a second bacterium group to balance and adjust the soil quality.
The planting method of the gastrodia elata specifically comprises the following steps:
1. site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in the field, digging a cellar, and keeping the depth of 30-40cm, the width of 90-150cm and the length of no limit;
2. rhizoma Gastrodiae seeding
Laying 1-2 cm thick dry branches and fallen leaves on the bottom layer of the cellar, placing 2 layers of miscellaneous wood strips on the top layer, wherein the miscellaneous wood strips are 100-120 cm long, and cutting barks of the wood strips into xylem by a knife; laying a layer of dry branches and fallen leaves between two layers of miscellaneous wood strips for separation; the Armillaria mellea cultivated species are placed at two ends of the miscellaneous tree strips, and the gaps are filled with the mixture of dead branches and fallen leaves and sand; taking the hemp seeds, attaching the hemp seeds to the edges of the fungus material, and covering a layer of 0.5cm dry branches and fallen leaves and a sand-soil mixture; placing sterilized rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds beside Armillariella mellea cultivated species with its mouth facing outwards, covering with a layer of fine soil, and covering with a layer of small miscellaneous wood stick; finally, covering 7 centimeters of humus soil on the small firewood sticks; each cellar needs 8-10 bags of Armillaria mellea cultivated species, and 500-800 g of rhizoma gastrodiae seeds are needed;
3. management of field
Rain and water accumulation are prevented after planting, fungus and hemp are prevented from rotting, and the fungus and hemp are shaded in time, so that people and livestock are strictly prevented from trampling and being infected by mixed fungi;
4. harvesting Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is cultivated for about 6-8 months, and then the gastrodia elata is matured successively and collected in time.
The second bacterial group is composed of trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, azotobacter chroococcum and azotobacter chroococcum, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 4.0-5.0.
And step four, in the third year, the residual miscellaneous trees planted by the gastrodia elata in the second year are reused for planting the ganoderma lucidum, the ganoderma lucidum is harvested, quicklime is spread to kill harmful germs, and a third bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality.
The ganoderma lucidum planting method comprises the following specific steps:
1. site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in a field, collecting surface soil as soil for covering soil, and then ditching to form furrows, wherein the depth is 20-30 cm, the width is 90-150cm, and the length is not limited;
2. vertical soil-covered cultivation
After the ganoderma lucidum fungus bags are full and change colors, opening the bag openings, and vertically arranging the ganoderma lucidum fungus bags on a ridge bed, wherein the distance between the fungus bags is 3-5 cm; covering soil with surface soil, filling, immediately spraying water until soil particles slightly stick to hands, stopping spraying water, and covering small arch films on each ridge for moisturizing; keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃, keeping moisture and ventilating, and generally earthing and planting for 7-14 days to finish bud forcing; when the fungus stalk is differentiated from the ganoderma lucidum primordium, uncovering the film bottom on the ridge bed every day, and ventilating for 3-4 times, wherein each time is for 30-40 min;
3. management of fruiting bodies
The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25-30 ℃, and if the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, cooling measures are required; the relative humidity of air is kept between 85 and 95 percent, and weeds are cleared in time during the growth period of the lucid ganoderma sporocarp to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;
4. collected glossy ganoderma
Collecting the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body.
The third bacterial group consists of Trichoderma harzianum, Actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus licheniformis.
Comparative example 1: selecting a natural forest land with the same environment and area as those in the embodiment 1, equally dividing the natural forest land into three blocks, respectively planting the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the lucid ganoderma in the three blocks, and continuously planting for three years. In addition, the single planting method of tuckahoe, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2: selecting a natural forest land with the same environment and area as those in the example 1, dividing the natural forest land into three parts, respectively performing poria cocos and gastrodia elata rotation, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum rotation and poria cocos and ganoderma lucidum rotation on the three forest lands, and continuously planting for three years, wherein the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum are all planted in each year. In addition, the single planting method of tuckahoe, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Wherein, when the tuckahoe and the gastrodia elata are planted in rotation, the tuckahoe is planted in the first year and the third year; rotating the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum, and planting the gastrodia elata in the first year and the third year; when the poria cocos and the lucid ganoderma are planted alternately, the lucid ganoderma is planted in the first year and the third year.
The results of the experiments and the analysis thereof,
1. when the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum are planted individually, the overall yield in the first year is 62000 yuan/mu, wherein the poria cocos is 11000 yuan/mu, the gastrodia elata is 27000 yuan/mu, and the ganoderma lucidum is 24000 yuan/mu. The whole income in the second year is about 56000 yuan/mu, wherein 10000 yuan/mu of tuckahoe, 24000 yuan/mu of gastrodia elata and 22000 yuan/mu of ganoderma lucidum are added. The total income in the third year is about 51050 yuan/mu, wherein the tuckahoe is 9150 yuan/mu, the gastrodia elata is 21900 yuan/mu, and the ganoderma lucidum is 20000 yuan/mu. The overall income reduction rate in the second year is about 9.68 percent, and the income reduction rate in the third year relative to the first year is about 17.66 percent, without considering the influence of the price of the variety per se.
2. When the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum are planted in a pairwise rotation mode, the whole income in the first year is 62000 yuan/mu, the whole income in the second year is 59000 yuan/mu, and the whole income in the third year is 56300 yuan/mu. The overall income reduction rate in the second year is about 4.84%, and the income reduction rate in the third year relative to the first year is about 9.19% without considering the influence of the price of the variety.
3. When three kinds of continuous rotation planting of the tuckahoe, the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum are carried out, the whole income in the first year is 62000 yuan/mu, the whole income in the second year is 61500 yuan/mu, and the whole income in the third year is 61400 yuan/mu. The overall income reduction rate in the second year is about 0.81%, and the income reduction rate in the third year relative to the first year is about 0.97%, without considering the influence of the price of the variety.
In conclusion, the continuous rotation method for the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum under the forest can realize the microbial balance recovery of the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum planting soil under the condition of hardly reducing the yield, can plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the natural forest at high yield continuously, provides a foundation for high-yield, high-quality and high-economic-benefit planting of the poria cocos, the gastrodia elata and the ganoderma lucidum, effectively reduces the damage rate of natural forest lands, and realizes reasonable and sustainable utilization of resources.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A continuous rotation method for poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma under forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a natural forest land suitable for planting poria cocos, gastrodia elata and lucid ganoderma;
s2: in the first year, poria cocos is planted under natural forest land, quicklime is scattered to kill harmful germs after the poria cocos is harvested, and a first bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality;
s3: in the second year, planting rhizoma Gastrodiae in pit left after harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae in the first year, scattering quicklime to kill harmful bacteria after harvesting rhizoma Gastrodiae, and adding second bacteria to balance and adjust soil quality;
s4: in the third year, the residual miscellaneous trees planted by the gastrodia elata in the second year are reused for planting lucid ganoderma, the lucid ganoderma is harvested, quicklime is spread to kill harmful germs, and a third bacterium group is added to balance and adjust the soil quality;
s5: continuously crop rotation of Poria, rhizoma Gastrodiae and Ganoderma under forest is carried out in a crop rotation period of three years.
2. The method for continuously crop rotation of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the poria cocos is planted through the specific steps of:
s21: site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in the field, digging a cellar, and keeping the depth of 30-40cm, the width of 90-150cm and the length of no limit;
s22: inoculation of Poria cocos
Selecting fresh and active small poria cocos bacterium blocks for inducing; before the tuckahoe bag material is put into the cellar, one side of the tuckahoe fungus bag is cut, tuckahoe fresh sclerotia is placed at the cut part of the fungus bag and is tightly attached to the culture material, and then the tuckahoe fungus bag material is covered with soil with the thickness of about 7-12 cm;
s23: management of field
When the kiln soil is cracked or the polyporus bodies are exposed, fine grains are used for hilling, weeds are removed, and people and livestock are prevented from treading in the ground;
s24: harvesting of Poria
After 6-8 months of fungus bag cultivation, the tuckahoe is matured successively and should be collected in time.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first bacterial group comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa and lactic acid bacteria, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 5.5-6.0.
4. The method for continuously crop rotation of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum under forest according to claim 1, wherein the gastrodia elata planting method comprises the following specific steps:
s31: site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in the field, digging a cellar, and keeping the depth of 30-40cm, the width of 90-150cm and the length of no limit;
s32: rhizoma Gastrodiae seeding
Laying 1-2 cm thick dry branches and fallen leaves on the bottom layer of the cellar, placing 2 layers of miscellaneous wood strips on the top layer, wherein the miscellaneous wood strips are 100-120 cm long, and cutting barks of the wood strips into xylem by a knife; laying a layer of dry branches and fallen leaves between two layers of miscellaneous wood strips for separation; the Armillaria mellea cultivated species are placed at two ends of the miscellaneous tree strips, and the gaps are filled with the mixture of dead branches and fallen leaves and sand; taking the hemp seeds, attaching the hemp seeds to the edges of the fungus material, and covering a layer of 0.5cm dry branches and fallen leaves and a sand-soil mixture; placing sterilized rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds beside Armillariella mellea cultivated species with its mouth facing outwards, covering with a layer of fine soil, and covering with a layer of small miscellaneous wood stick; finally, covering 7 centimeters of humus soil on the small firewood sticks; each cellar needs 8-10 bags of Armillaria mellea cultivated species, and 500-800 g of rhizoma gastrodiae seeds are needed;
s33: management of field
Rain and water accumulation are prevented after planting, fungus and hemp are prevented from rotting, and the fungus and hemp are shaded in time, so that people and livestock are strictly prevented from trampling and being infected by mixed fungi;
s34: harvesting Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is cultivated for about 6-8 months, and then the gastrodia elata is matured successively and collected in time.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second bacterial group comprises Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, Azotobacter vinelandii and Azotobacter vinelandii, and the pH of the soil is adjusted to 4.0-5.0.
6. The method for continuously crop rotation of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ganoderma lucidum is planted by the specific steps of:
s41: site arrangement
Selecting 2-3 months, removing weeds in a field, collecting surface soil as soil for covering soil, and then ditching to form furrows, wherein the depth is 20-30 cm, the width is 90-150cm, and the length is not limited;
s42: vertical soil-covered cultivation
After the ganoderma lucidum fungus bags are full and change colors, opening the bag openings, and vertically arranging the ganoderma lucidum fungus bags on a ridge bed, wherein the distance between the fungus bags is 3-5 cm; covering soil with surface soil, filling, immediately spraying water until soil particles slightly stick to hands, stopping spraying water, and covering small arch films on each ridge for moisturizing; keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃, keeping moisture and ventilating, and generally earthing and planting for 7-14 days to finish bud forcing; when the fungus stalk is differentiated from the ganoderma lucidum primordium, uncovering the film bottom on the ridge bed every day, and ventilating for 3-4 times, wherein each time is for 30-40 min;
s43: management of fruiting bodies
The temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25-30 ℃, and if the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, cooling measures are required; the relative humidity of air is kept between 85 and 95 percent, and weeds are cleared in time during the growth period of the lucid ganoderma sporocarp to prevent the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests;
s44: collected glossy ganoderma
Collecting the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third bacterial group comprises Trichoderma harzianum, Actinomyces, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus licheniformis.
8. The method for continuously crop rotation of poria cocos, gastrodia elata and ganoderma lucidum under forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field of the natural forest land is selected from the following specific steps: selecting a natural forest land which faces the sun, has loose soil and has the elevation of 600 + 1200m, wherein the periphery of the forest land is provided with uninterrupted natural water sources all the year round and an area with good drainage and ventilation, and a sunshade net shed is built above the underground land.
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