CN112106596A

CN112106596A - Retention cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum

Info

Publication number: CN112106596A
Application number: CN202010980482.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑庆德; 石小琼; 赖荣焕
Original assignee: Deshu Family Farm In Yongding District
Current assignee: Deshu Family Farm In Yongding District
Priority date: 2020-09-17
Filing date: 2020-09-17
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-17
Also published as: CN112106596B

Abstract

The invention provides a wild-returning cultivation method of lucid ganoderma, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting, sorting, disinfecting and killing insects of a cultivation field; step two, preparing a culture substrate; step three, selecting and collecting wild ganoderma lucidum strains; step four, inoculation and hypha culture; taking out the naturally decayed base material obtained in the second step during 1-2 months of the next year in the sunny season, scattering the strains collected in the third step on the base material for inoculation, then piling the inoculated base material back to a cultivation field, continuously placing in the open air, and obtaining a strain stick after hypha grows out after 20-30 days; step five, returning to wild cultivation and pest control; step six, harvesting and rejuvenating strains; the invention solves the problems of low quality of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the artificial greenhouse, difficult pest control and low yield of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the wild greenhouse, and the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by the invention has good quality, greatly improved yield and almost equal nutritional and medicinal values of the wild ganoderma lucidum.

Description

Retention cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wild-returning cultivation method of lucid ganoderma.

Background

The ganoderma lucidum is named separately: rumex, Ganoderma lucidum, Mesona Procumbens, etc., mainly contains amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, fungal lysozyme, reducing sugar and polysaccharide, triterpenes, coumarins, multivitamins, etc.; the spore also contains mannitol, trehalose, etc. Modern medicine proves that the ganoderma lucidum can calm heart and calm nerves, has bidirectional regulation effect on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, metabolism and endocrine function, has the effects of resisting platelet aggregation, resisting thrombus, protecting liver and liver, resisting inflammation, resisting tumor, resisting oxidation, regulating immunity, delaying senility and the like, and particularly has the best drug effect of wild ganoderma lucidum growing in forest, so the wild ganoderma lucidum is more popular with consumers and has the highest economic value; however, the quality of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the existing artificial greenhouse is low, the wild cultivation yield of the ganoderma lucidum is low, and the pest control is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating lucid ganoderma in a wild way between artificial greenhouse cultivation lucid ganoderma cultivation and wild cultivation lucid ganoderma cultivation, which solves the problems of low quality of lucid ganoderma cultivated in an artificial greenhouse, difficult pest control and low yield of wild cultivation lucid ganoderma.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting, sorting, disinfecting and killing insects of a cultivation field; selecting a broad-leaved forest mountain field in which maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood naturally grow as a cultivation field; in the time between ten months and eleven months of the solar calendar, the weeds are cleared up, and drainage ditches, fungus stick holes and pest trapping holes are dug; then disinfecting and killing pests in the fungus stick holes and the pest trapping holes.

Processing maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood between the eight and september of the solar calendar in the last year, sawing the maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood into sections, and splitting the sections into half and half; mixing and crossing the three wood sections, stacking the three wood sections in a cultivation field, placing the three wood sections in the open, blowing the three wood sections with wind, exposing the three wood sections to the sun and rain, and using the three wood sections as culture substrates after the three wood sections are naturally decayed; if the rainwater is insufficient, water can be manually sprayed, so that the rainwater has enough water and is naturally decayed.

Step three, selecting and collecting wild ganoderma lucidum strains; selecting large-fleshy wild Ganoderma as strain original Ganoderma in six months and seven months, and collecting spore powder as strain.

Step four, inoculation and hypha culture; and (3) taking out the naturally decayed base material obtained in the second step in 1-2 months in the next year of the sunny day, scattering the strains collected in the third step on the base material for inoculation, then piling the inoculated base material back to a cultivation field, continuously placing in the open air, and allowing the mycelia to grow out after 20-30 days to obtain the fungus sticks.

Step five, returning to wild cultivation and pest control; after the fungus stick holes in the first step are disinfected and killed again before the frightened hibernation of the next year of the solar calendar reaches the clear state, the fungus sticks cultured in the fourth step are placed into the fungus stick holes which are further disinfected and killed, and then the fungus stick holes are covered with thin soil; after young lucid ganoderma grows out, selecting young lucid ganoderma, and removing weak young lucid ganoderma to enable the distance between two adjacent lucid ganoderma buds to be larger than 12 cm; allowing the natural growth of the plant in the wild environment; spraying plant pesticide during the whole growth period, wherein the spraying time is 8:00-9:00 in the morning every day, and spraying for 10-15 days in bud period, and then spraying for 1 time per week.

Step six, harvesting and rejuvenating strains; picking mature Ganoderma in 6-9 months in Yangtze calendar without destroying mycelia after fruiting body of Ganoderma; meanwhile, the big and thick ganoderma is selected as the next generation strain original ganoderma, and the spore powder is collected as the rejuvenation strain.

Preferably, in the first step, a broad-leaved forest mountain field facing to the sun in the morning and facing to the sun in the afternoon and naturally growing maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood is selected as a cultivation field; the vegetation sunshade density of the cultivation field is 55-85%; in the first step, a plurality of drainage ditches, fungus stick holes and pest trapping holes are distributed in the cultivation field; the fungus stick holes are 30cm long, 15cm wide and 10cm deep, and the distance between the fungus stick holes is 50 cm; the size of the pest trapping hole is 100cm in length, 100cm in width and 40cm in depth; in the first step, the method for disinfecting and killing the fungus stick hole and the pest trapping hole comprises the following steps: putting straws into the pest trapping holes and the fungus stick holes, pouring rice washing water on the straws, and then covering soil; after 15 days, the covering soil is opened, a plurality of chickens are grabbed to the pest trapping holes, the fungus rod holes are used for catching insects such as termites, sundries are removed, quicklime is scattered, and a plant insecticide is sprayed to further kill insects and sterilize.

Preferably, the botanical insecticide is: according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1: 1 respectively taking and mixing fresh litsea cubeba and leaves, citronella whole grass, sarcandra glabra whole grass, cyperus rotundus, cinnamomum camphora and cinnamomum camphora leaves, crushing, placing in a container, adding water, the weight of the water is 5 times of that of the added plants, stirring, mixing, filtering, and taking the soaking solution to prepare the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

Preferably, in the second step, after the wood sections are manufactured, the wood sections are immersed into the plant fast rotting growth substance for 24 hours, then the three wood sections are taken out, mixed, crossed and stacked in a cultivation field to be placed in the open air, and the three wood sections are blown by wind, dried by the sun and rain and naturally rotten to serve as a culture substrate; the plant fast rotting growth promoter is prepared by mixing fresh barks and maple leaves in a weight ratio of 3:2 when cutting maples, crushing, mixing with water in a weight ratio of 1:2, and stirring into paste.

Preferably, in the second step, the wastes of the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood in the felling yard or the plywood factory are processed, sawed into log sections and then split into half and half wood sections; the three wood sections are mixed, crossed and stacked in a cultivation field to be placed in the open, and the three wood sections are used as culture substrates after being blown by wind, exposed to the sun and rain and naturally rotten.

Preferably, in the second step, the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood waste of the felling yard are used for making wood sections, mixed, crossed and stacked in the cultivation yard in a weight ratio of 50:30:25 for open-air placement, and the wood sections are used as culture substrates after being blown by wind, sun and rain and naturally decayed.

Preferably, adding the myrtle branches, cutting the myrtle branches into segmented branches, splitting the segmented branches, and binding every ten branches into a small bundle, wherein the weight ratio of the maple trees is as follows: paper mulberry: sandalwood tree: the myrtle branches are 50:30: 25: and 20, mixing and crossing the four wood sections, stacking the four wood sections in a cultivation field, placing the four wood sections in the open, blowing the four wood sections with the wind, exposing the four wood sections to the sun and rain, and using the four wood sections as a culture substrate after the four wood sections are naturally decayed.

Preferably, the wood segments have the following dimensions: the length is 26-28cm, and the thickness or diameter is 5-12 cm.

Preferably, in the third step, selecting wild ganoderma lucidum with pileus diameter of more than or equal to 18cm and thickness of more than or equal to 2.5cm as seed ganoderma, and collecting spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum as a strain; in the sixth step, the rejuvenation strains select wild ganoderma lucidum with the pileus diameter of more than or equal to 18cm and the thickness of more than or equal to 2.5cm as seed ganoderma lucidum, and spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum is collected as the strains.

Preferably, in the fourth step, the inoculated substrate is piled back to a cultivation field, the cultivation field is placed in the open air continuously, the substrate is covered by a black sunshade net (a film which can transmit light and rain water), and the fungus stick is obtained after hypha grows out of the substrate after 20-30 days.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the ganoderma lucidum is always in a wild environment from strain selection, hypha culture to collection, the ecological environment is purely natural, and the ganoderma lucidum is completely cultivated according to the growth cycle of the wild ganoderma lucidum, so that the ganoderma lucidum has almost the same nutritional and medicinal values as the wild ganoderma lucidum; the method selects the processed and decayed wood sections of the wild ganoderma lucidum which is a favorite tree of maple, papermulberry and sandalwood, and carries out mixed intersection as a culture substrate, so that the flora is more abundant, the decay speed is accelerated, and the yield of the ganoderma lucidum is improved.

Secondly, broad-leaved forest mountain fields with natural growth of maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood are selected as cultivation fields, the growth efficiency of the lucid ganoderma is improved, and the yield of the lucid ganoderma is obviously higher than that of wild lucid ganoderma.

All the disinfecting and insecticidal preparations of the invention are prepared by natural minerals, plant raw materials and physical methods, and a biological deinsectization means is added by a method for raising chickens, so that the disease and insect pests of the ganoderma lucidum can be basically eliminated, and the soil is ensured not to be polluted.

The method has the advantages that the biological deinsectization means is increased, the quality of chicken meat is improved, the soil fertility can be improved by chicken manure, and the yield of unit forest land area is also improved by raising domestic chickens in a sleeving manner and feeding the domestic chickens with lucid ganoderma pests such as termites, beetles and the like and natural predation lucid ganoderma pests.

And the log section of the log is made of waste materials of a felling yard or a plywood factory, so that waste materials can be changed into things of value, wood resources are fully utilized, and the log section can be used as the log to continuously grow the lucid ganoderma for 5-6 years (the quality and the yield of the lucid ganoderma are not influenced), so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is improved (the traditional log section used as the log has short service life and low medicinal value and must be replaced every year).

The plant fast-rotting growth substance is prepared by mixing fresh barks and maple leaves in a weight ratio of 3:2 when cutting maples, crushing the mixture, mixing the crushed mixture with water in a weight ratio of 1:2, and stirring the mixture into paste, so that the time for the natural rotting of a base material is shortened; the method for cooking the base material is changed, so that the cost is saved; the waste materials of a felling yard or a plywood factory are fully utilized; the plant fast-rotting growth substance is prepared from ganoderma lucidum favorite biomass, and can further accelerate the growth speed of the connected ganoderma lucidum strain after promoting the natural decay of a base material.

And seventhly, rejuvenating the strains after 5-6 times of inoculation cultivation, preventing the strains from degeneration, ensuring the excellent quality of the strains and reducing the workload of finding high-quality strains in the field.

Eighth, myrtle likes acid soil, can resist barrenness, is a shrub which is easy to grow, has high fruit nutrient content, is favored by people, and has a wider distribution range in China. Therefore, the myrtle has the advantages of convenient local material taking, no toxicity and no harm, feasibility for mixing and alternately stacking the myrtle serving as an auxiliary base material with the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood to increase the yield of the ganoderma lucidum, and obvious effect.

In conclusion, the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by the method has good quality, the yield is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the ganoderma lucidum has almost the same nutritional and medicinal values as wild ganoderma lucidum.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a visual analysis of the results of the orthogonality test according to the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

step one, selecting, sorting, disinfecting and killing insects of a cultivation field; selecting a broad-leaved forest mountain field in which maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood naturally grow as a cultivation field; properly arranging weeds and digging drainage ditches, fungus stick holes and pest trapping holes between ten months and eleven months of the solar calendar; then disinfecting and killing pests in the fungus stick holes and the pest trapping holes.

Step two, preparing a culture substrate; processing maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood between the eight months and the September of the solar calendar in the last year, and processing the maple, the paper mulberry and the sandalwood into wood sections with the length of 26-28cm and the thickness or diameter of 5-12 cm; mixing and crossing the three wood sections, stacking the three wood sections in a cultivation field, placing the three wood sections in the open, and allowing the three wood sections to be blown by wind, sun and rain and naturally rotten to serve as a culture substrate; if the rainwater is insufficient, water can be manually sprayed, so that the rainwater has enough water and is naturally decayed; the cultivation substrate is completely the same as the substrate for the growth of wild ganoderma lucidum, and ganoderma lucidum spores are completely inoculated under the wild condition, so that the ganoderma lucidum spores are ensured to be in the wild environment from the substrate.

The selection of maple, papermulberry and sandalwood as the cultivation substrate is the result obtained by a large number of long-term experiments, and the data in the following tables 1 and 2 are shown:

TABLE 1 yield of naturally grown Ganoderma lucidum from various hardwood species without inoculation

As can be seen from Table 1, in the case of no inoculation, only maple, Broussonetia papyrifera and sandalwood are used as the base material to produce the lucid ganoderma, wherein the maple has the highest yield, and the Broussonetia papyrifera and sandalwood are used as the second base material.

TABLE 2 yield of naturally grown Ganoderma from various broadleaf trees under inoculation

As can be seen from the combination of tables 2 and 1, the yield of Ganoderma lucidum is significantly higher in the case of inoculation than in the case of no inoculation; the yield of the lucid ganoderma produced by taking the maple, the paper mulberry and the sandalwood as the base materials is obviously higher than that of other broad-leaved trees, so the maple, the paper mulberry and the sandalwood are selected as the base materials to be inoculated in the process of returning to wild cultivation.

The solar terms between six and seven months of the solar calendar are the mango seeds, the summer solstice, the minor summer heat and the major summer heat, are the seasons with the highest temperature and the highest yang qi in one year, are the seasons with the highest growth of all living things, and are the periods with the highest spore injection quantity and the best quality of the lucid ganoderma; the same reason is that the reproductive capacity is strongest when a person is 30-40 years old, and the congenital qualities of the children are generally best; the practical results also prove that the spore powder is adopted as the strain because the true seed of the ganoderma lucidum is the spore powder, the propagation energy is the most sufficient, the propagation capacity is the strongest, and the ganoderma lucidum bud yield is the highest and the strongest by using the ganoderma lucidum spore powder as the hypha cultured by the strain.

Step four, inoculation and hypha culture; and (3) taking out the naturally decayed base material obtained in the second step in the next 1-2 months of the sunny year, scattering the strains collected in the third step on the base material for inoculation (the strains are mainly scattered at two ends and the middle position of the base material), then piling the inoculated base material back to a cultivation field, continuing to stand in the open air, and obtaining a fungus stick after hypha grows out after 20-30 days.

The five solar terms of spring, rain, frightened hibernation, spring minutes and clearness are shared from spring beginning to clearness, the temperature is about 10-15 ℃, the relative humidity is 70% -75%, the method is a season for recovering everything, the inoculation and transplantation of the lucid ganoderma are most suitable, the survival rate is highest, and the spore inoculation is more facilitated.

The culture medium is piled up to the original place (cultivation field) to keep the wild environment of the culture medium without changing the original environment, so that the hypha cultivation is completely carried out under the wild condition; the use of black sunshade net (film permeable to light and rain) is a measure for preventing Ganoderma lucidum from being damaged in natural disasters, for example, can prevent the adhesion of saturated powder to substrate due to too much wind and rain impact.

The purpose of removing the young and weak lucid ganoderma is to ensure the great size and quality of the produced lucid ganoderma; if the distance is less than 12cm, the ganoderma lucidum grows too densely, so that insufficient nutrition is easily caused, and the individual types are uneven; secondly, the glossy ganoderma occupies large space and grows with small foot length and small cover; the disinfection and the disinsection must be strictly implemented in place, which is the key of the wild cultivation technique; because the glossy ganoderma is tender and juicy in the bud stage, insects are particularly loved to eat, and the young glossy ganoderma cannot be harvested because of untimely insect killing; eighty-nine points in the morning are the most active time of pests, and the pest killing efficiency is highest at the moment; the glossy ganoderma buds grow for 10 to 15 days, wood is basically generated, insects do not like eating the glossy ganoderma, the damage to the glossy ganoderma is much less, and the aim of disinfection and disinsection can be achieved once a week.

The reason is that the population of the wild ganoderma is degraded after 5-6 (year) harvest, and breeding needs to be carried out again; the solar calendar is in the mature period of the lucid ganoderma in 6-9 months, is the most concentrated stage of spore spraying, and the seed selection and seed collection are best in the time; for fungus sticks in the same cultivation field, after continuous regeneration for 5-6 years, 70-80% of nutrition of the base material is consumed, so that the quality and yield of the ganoderma lucidum are inevitably reduced by regeneration; the annual seed collection is performed for the purpose of strain rejuvenation (renewal) after 5-6 years of ganoderma production and for the purpose of annual expansion production.

Preferably, in the first step, a broad-leaved forest mountain field facing to the sun in the morning and facing to the sun in the afternoon and naturally growing maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood is selected as a cultivation field; the vegetation sunshade density of the cultivation field is 55-85%; in the first step, a plurality of drainage ditches, fungus stick holes and pest trapping holes are distributed in the cultivation field; the fungus stick holes are 30cm long, 15cm wide and 10cm deep, and the distance between the fungus stick holes is 50 cm; the pest trapping holes are 100cm long, 100cm wide and 40cm deep.

Preferably, in the first step, the method for disinfecting and killing insects by the fungus stick holes and the pest trapping holes comprises the following steps: putting straws into the pest trapping holes and the fungus stick holes, pouring rice washing water on the straws, and then covering soil; after 15 days, the ganoderma lucidum pests such as the surrounding termites, the beetles and the like can gather in the pest trapping holes and the fungus rod holes; opening the covering soil, grabbing a plurality of chickens to pest trapping holes, and fungus rod holes to prey on insects such as termites, removing impurities, spreading quicklime, and spraying plant insecticide to further kill insects and sterilize.

Preferably, in the second step, after the wood sections are manufactured, the wood sections are immersed into the plant fast rotting growth substance for 24 hours, then the three wood sections are taken out, mixed, crossed and stacked in a cultivation field to be placed in the open air, and the three wood sections are blown by wind, dried by the sun and rain and naturally rotten to serve as a culture substrate; the plant fast-rotting growth substance is prepared by mixing fresh barks and maple leaves in a weight ratio of 3:2 when the maples are harvested, crushing the mixture, mixing the crushed mixture with water in a weight ratio of 1:2, and stirring the mixture into paste, so that the base material can easily absorb and store water, the fast natural rotting is ensured, and the inoculated ganoderma lucidum strains can quickly grow after the base material is promoted to rot.

Preferably, in the second step, the wastes of the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood in the felling yard or the plywood factory are processed, sawed into log sections and then split into half and half wood sections; mixing and crossing the three wood sections, stacking the three wood sections in a cultivation field, placing the three wood sections in the open, blowing the three wood sections with wind, exposing the three wood sections to the sun and rain, and using the three wood sections as culture substrates after the three wood sections are naturally decayed; if the rainwater is insufficient, water can be manually sprayed, so that the rainwater has enough water and is naturally decayed; characteristics of the felling yard waste: 1. the base material meeting the size requirement is easy to select; 2. the bark of the base material is not damaged; 3. the substrate is completely in the wild environment; characteristics of the waste of plywood plants: 1. the selected base material has uniform specification, and the processing time and the cost are saved; 2. plywood factories are mostly in urban or urban and rural junctions, so that transportation is convenient; the trees need to be split after cutting on the mountains, and a large amount of time and workload are needed; the waste materials of the felling yard or the plywood factory are leftover wood, so that the splitting time and labor of our party are saved, in addition, the waste materials are all subjected to long-time sun drying treatment, and the waste materials are collected and utilized by the inventor of the patent so as to save the time of natural decay, for example: the natural decay of the maple is 2 years, the waste is blown by wind and sun for half a year, the required time is greatly shortened, and the detailed data are shown in a table 3.

TABLE 3 influence of the Source of the substrate on the time required for the substrate to decay spontaneously

As can be seen from Table 3, when the substrate source is logging site waste, the time required for natural decay is minimal, followed by plywood waste, both of which are significant time savings over natural logging.

Preferably, in the third step, selecting wild ganoderma lucidum with pileus diameter of more than or equal to 18cm and thickness of more than or equal to 2.5cm as seed ganoderma, and collecting spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum as a strain; preferably, in the sixth step, the rejuvenation strains select wild ganoderma lucidum with the pileus diameter of more than or equal to 18cm and the thickness of more than or equal to 2.5cm as seed ganoderma lucidum, and spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum is collected as the strains.

The drainage ditch is a soil pit dug in a ganoderma lucidum cultivation field for preventing flood damage in rainy season; the fungus stick hole is a soil pit dug in the ganoderma lucidum cultivation field for placing the fungus stick; the pest trapping holes are soil pits which are dug in a ganoderma lucidum cultivation field and used for trapping ganoderma lucidum pests.

Based on the previous single-factor tests, the inventor takes corresponding lumbering yard waste materials and uses L according to a certain proportion amount for three base materials with high lucid ganoderma yield₉(3⁴) Orthogonal test table orthogonal tests were performed for 24 months, and they were screened for the best formulation for mixing as a base material, and the results are shown in tables 4 and 5.

TABLE 4 orthogonal factor horizon

TABLE 5 orthogonal test results Table

Note 1: the evaluation of the orthogonal test effect is calculated by the fraction (percentage), the evaluation indexes are the time required by the natural decay of the base material and the yield of the lucid ganoderma, and the weight of the two is respectively 50 percent.

Note 2: the time required for natural decay of the substrate was [1 ] - (time required for natural decay-value of test group requiring the shortest time for natural decay)/(value of test group requiring the longest time for natural decay-value of test group requiring the shortest time for natural decay) ]. times.50 (min.). In the formula: the longest time required for natural decay the test group value, i.e. the time required for natural decay of the logging field waste of pure sandalwood, was 9 months (see table 3).

Note 3: the ganoderma lucidum yield score ═ [ (yield-value of the lowest yield test group)/(value of the highest yield test group-value of the lowest yield test group) ] × 50 (min); in the formula: the value of the test group with the lowest yield, namely the ganoderma lucidum yield by taking the stumpage field waste of the pure papermulberry as the base material, is 6.8kg per square meter (see table 2).

Note 4: total score of time required for natural decay of the substrate and the yield of the lucid ganoderma

The results of the cross-over test are visually analyzed, and are shown in FIG. 1, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the optimal formula is A₂B₁C₂The proportion of the cutting yard waste of maple, papermulberry and sandalwood as the base material is as follows: paper mulberry: sandal tree is 50:30: 25.

in order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the inventor conducts repeated tests on the optimal formula group and sets a control group CK₁、CK₂And CK₃They use simple maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood as the base material, the cultivation time is 24 months, the results are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6 table of the effect of the repeated tests

As can be seen from Table 6, the time required for the natural decay of the base material of the optimal formula set is obviously shortened, the yield of the lucid ganoderma is obviously improved, the test effect score reaches 95.5 points and is close to the optimal score of the orthogonal test, so the repeatability is strong and the reliability is high. Because the prices of various lumbering yard wastes are the same, the optimal formula realizes the excellent effects of shortening the time required by the natural decay of the base material and improving the yield of the lucid ganoderma on the premise of not causing the cost increase.

The effect of this example is shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Effect table for Ganoderma lucidum cultivated by different cultivation methods

Note 1: the flavor after cooking refers to that water and fresh lucid ganoderma are cooked for 1 hour by slow fire according to the weight ratio of 10:1, and then 10 professionals are asked to perform comprehensive evaluation after evaluation.

Note 2: the condition after taking the medicine is that 10 people with insomnia are requested, 250ml of the medicine is taken every night for 5 days continuously, and the number of people with improved insomnia is observed.

Note 3: the content of ganoderan and triterpene is detected by the third party.

As can be seen from Table 7, the yield of the wild cultivated Ganoderma lucidum was low and the disease and pest conditions were severe; the quality of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the artificial greenhouse is poor; the yield of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by the method is 2.05 times higher than that of the wild ganoderma lucidum, the pest and disease damage condition is not serious, the ganoderma lucidum growing rate of the fungus stick is 30 percent higher than that of the wild ganoderma lucidum, and in the aspect of quality: the product flavor of the invention is obviously better than that of artificial cultivation, the improvement effective rate of insomnia in test population is higher than 30 percent of that of artificial greenhouse and is only 10 percent lower than that of wild products, the content of ganoderan and triterpene in dry products of the invention is respectively 1.67 and 1.54 times of that of artificial greenhouse, respectively 89 percent and 95 percent of that of wild dry products, and is only slightly lower, and the drug effect and the nutritive value are considered to be almost similar.

The inventor finds that the yield of the ganoderma lucidum can be increased by cutting the myrtle branches into section branches, splitting the section branches, binding every ten branches into a small bundle, mixing and crossing the three wood sections according to a certain amount and the optimal formula, stacking the wood sections in a cultivation field in the open air, blowing the wood sections with wind, exposing the wood sections to the sun and rain, and using the wood sections as a culture substrate after the wood sections are naturally decayed, which is shown in table 8.

TABLE 8 Ganoderma lucidum yield increase of Myrtus communis branches based on broadleaf wood optimum formulation (injection)

Note: the best formula of the broad-leaved wood is maple: paper mulberry: 50kg of sandalwood tree: 30 kg: 25 kg.

As can be seen from Table 8, on the basis of the optimal formulation of hardwood trees, the yield of the ganoderma lucidum can be increased by adding a certain amount of myrtle branches, but when the yield reaches a certain limit, the yield increase of the ganoderma lucidum tends to be saturated. Therefore, the optimal weight ratio of the ganoderma lucidum culture substrate is maple: paper mulberry: sandalwood tree: the myrtle branches are 50:30: 25: compared with the condition without adding myrtle branches, the yield of the ganoderma lucidum is increased by 28.4 percent after the cultivation for 24 months.

The myrtle likes acid soil, can resist barren, is shrub which is easy to grow, has high fruit nutrient content, is favored by people, and has wider distribution range in China. Therefore, the myrtle has the advantages of convenient local material taking, no toxicity and no harm, feasibility for increasing the yield of the ganoderma lucidum by being used as an auxiliary base material to be mixed and crossly piled with the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood, and obvious effect as can be seen from the data in the table 8.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, selecting, sorting, disinfecting and killing insects of a cultivation field;

selecting a broad-leaved forest mountain field in which maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood naturally grow as a cultivation field; in the time between ten months and eleven months of the solar calendar, the weeds are cleared up, and drainage ditches, fungus stick holes and pest trapping holes are dug; then disinfecting and killing pests in the fungus stick holes and the pest trapping holes;

step two, preparing a culture substrate;

processing maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood between the eight months and the september of the solar calendar in the last year, sawing the maple, the paper mulberry and the sandalwood into sections, and splitting the sections into half and half; mixing the three wood sections, alternately stacking the three wood sections in a cultivation field in the open air, blowing the three wood sections with wind, exposing the three wood sections to the sun and rain, and using the three wood sections as a culture substrate after the three wood sections are naturally decayed; if the rainwater is insufficient, water can be manually sprayed, so that the rainwater has enough water and is naturally decayed;

step three, selecting and collecting wild ganoderma lucidum strains;

selecting large-fleshy wild ganoderma lucidum as a strain original ganoderma lucidum between six months and seven months in the solar calendar, and collecting spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum as the strain;

step four, inoculation and hypha culture;

taking out the naturally decayed base material obtained in the second step during 1-2 months of the next year in the sunny season, scattering the strains collected in the third step on the base material for inoculation, then piling the inoculated base material back to a cultivation field, continuously placing in the open air, and obtaining a strain stick after hypha grows out after 20-30 days;

step five, returning to wild cultivation and pest control;

after the fungus stick holes in the first step are disinfected and killed again before the frightened hibernation of the next year of the solar calendar reaches the clear state, the fungus sticks cultured in the fourth step are placed into the fungus stick holes which are further disinfected and killed, and then the fungus stick holes are covered with thin soil; after young lucid ganoderma grows out, selecting young lucid ganoderma, and removing weak young lucid ganoderma to enable the distance between two adjacent lucid ganoderma buds to be larger than 12 cm; allowing the natural growth of the plant in the wild environment; spraying plant pesticide in the whole growth period at 8:00-9:00 a day in the morning, continuously spraying for 10-15 days in bud period, and spraying for 1 time per week;

step six, harvesting and rejuvenating strains;

picking mature Ganoderma in 6-9 months in Yangtze calendar without destroying mycelia after fruiting body of Ganoderma; meanwhile, the big and thick ganoderma is selected as the next generation strain original ganoderma, and the spore powder is collected as the rejuvenation strain.

2. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

in the first step, broad-leaved forest mountain fields facing towards the sun in the morning and facing away from the sun in the afternoon and naturally growing maple, paper mulberry and sandalwood are selected as cultivation fields;

the vegetation sunshade density of the cultivation field is 55-85%;

in the first step, a plurality of drainage ditches, fungus stick holes and pest trapping holes are distributed in the cultivation field; the fungus stick holes are 30cm long, 15cm wide and 10cm deep, and the distance between the fungus stick holes is 50 cm; the size of the pest trapping hole is 100cm in length, 100cm in width and 40cm in depth;

in the first step, the method for disinfecting and killing the fungus stick hole and the pest trapping hole comprises the following steps: putting straws into the pest trapping holes and the fungus stick holes, pouring rice washing water on the straws, and then covering soil; after 15 days, the covering soil is opened, a plurality of chickens are grabbed to the pest trapping holes, the fungus rod holes are used for catching insects such as termites, sundries are removed, quicklime is scattered, and a plant insecticide is sprayed to further kill insects and sterilize.

3. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the wild-returning cultivation method comprises the following steps:

the botanical insecticide is: according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1: 1 respectively taking and mixing fresh litsea cubeba and leaves, citronella whole grass, sarcandra glabra whole grass, cyperus rotundus, cinnamomum camphora and cinnamomum camphora leaves, crushing, placing in a container, adding water, the weight of the water is 5 times of that of the added plants, stirring, mixing, filtering, and taking the soaking solution to prepare the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

4. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

in the second step, after the wood sections are manufactured, the wood sections are immersed into the plant fast rotting growth substance for 24 hours, then the three wood sections are taken out to be mixed, crossed and stacked in a cultivation field to be placed in the open air, and the three wood sections are blown by wind, dried by the sun and rain and naturally rotten to serve as a culture substrate;

the plant fast rotting growth promoter is prepared by mixing fresh barks and maple leaves in a weight ratio of 3:2 when cutting maples, crushing, mixing with water in a weight ratio of 1:2, and stirring into paste.

5. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

in the second step, processing the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood waste in a felling yard or a plywood factory, sawing the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood waste into log sections, and splitting the log sections into halves; the three wood sections are mixed, crossed and stacked in a cultivation field to be placed in the open, and the three wood sections are used as culture substrates after being blown by wind, exposed to the sun and rain and naturally rotten.

6. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the wild-returning cultivation method comprises the following steps:

in the second step, the maple, the papermulberry and the sandalwood waste in the felling yard are used for making wood sections, mixed, crossed and stacked in the cultivation yard in a weight ratio of 50:30:25 for open-air placement, and the wood sections are used as culture substrates after being blown by wind, dried by the sun and rain and naturally decayed.

7. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein:

in the second step, adding the myrtle branches, cutting the myrtle branches into segmented branches, splitting the segmented branches, and binding every ten branches into a small bundle, wherein the weight ratio of the maple trees is as follows: paper mulberry: sandalwood tree: the myrtle branches are 50:30: 25: and 20, mixing and crossing the four wood sections, stacking the four wood sections in a cultivation field, placing the four wood sections in the open, blowing the four wood sections with the wind, exposing the four wood sections to the sun and rain, and using the four wood sections as a culture substrate after the four wood sections are naturally decayed.

8. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

the wood sections have the following dimensions: the length is 26-28cm, and the thickness or diameter is 5-12 cm.

9. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

in the third step, selecting wild ganoderma lucidum with pileus diameter of more than or equal to 18cm and thickness of more than or equal to 2.5cm as seed ganoderma, and collecting spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum as strain;

in the sixth step, the rejuvenation strains select wild ganoderma lucidum with the pileus diameter of more than or equal to 18cm and the thickness of more than or equal to 2.5cm as seed ganoderma lucidum, and spore powder of the wild ganoderma lucidum is collected as the strains.

10. The wild-returning cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

and in the fourth step, the inoculated substrate is piled back to a cultivation field, the cultivation field is continuously placed in the open air, the substrate is covered by a black sunshade net (a film which can transmit light and rain water), and the fungus stick is obtained after hypha grows out of the substrate after 20-30 days.