CN114289919B - Welding process for traction and bolster buffering of lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body - Google Patents
Welding process for traction and bolster buffering of lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114289919B CN114289919B CN202111633916.7A CN202111633916A CN114289919B CN 114289919 B CN114289919 B CN 114289919B CN 202111633916 A CN202111633916 A CN 202111633916A CN 114289919 B CN114289919 B CN 114289919B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding, in particular to a lightweight aluminum alloy car body traction and bolster slow welding process; the method comprises the following steps: preparing a buffer beam; preparing a traction beam; a step of pulling and slowing the beam; a sleeper beam forming step; and the traction sleeper is slowly installed, and the welding process is improved, so that the traction sleeper is welded with the sleeper after being prepared by welding the buffer beam and the traction beam through an improved preparation process of the buffer beam, an improved preparation process of the traction beam and an improved preparation process of the sleeper, and the welding quality of the whole traction sleeper is effectively improved, and the welding mode is improved, so that the quality of the welded traction sleeper is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding, in particular to a lightweight aluminum alloy car body traction and bolster slow welding process.
Background
The aluminum alloy is used as a material capable of effectively reducing the weight of a vehicle body and further reducing the running resistance, and is widely applied along with the high-speed development of rail industry in China;
in the prior art, the traction bolster is prepared by using aluminum alloy and is used as a part with complex stress, and the traction bolster is connected with a vehicle body and a bogie and bears loads in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction;
when the traction pillow is prepared, the quality of the traction pillow is often influenced by a welding process, so that the quality in the traction pillow slow welding process is improved to be a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction and bolster buffering welding process, which aims to solve the problem of poor traction and bolster buffering production quality in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a welding process of a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction bolster cushion, the traction bolster cushion comprises a buffer beam, a sleeper beam and a traction beam, and the welding process of the lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction bolster cushion comprises the following steps:
preparing a buffer beam: taking a section bar and two plates as raw materials, and preparing a buffer beam after section bar blanking, plate blanking, alignment welding, trimming and flaw detection;
preparing a traction beam: sequentially producing an upper cover plate of the traction beam, a lower cover plate of the traction beam, a beam body and a reinforcing plate, and splicing after water cutting, alkali washing, welding and bending;
and (3) a beam traction and retarding procedure: the method comprises the steps of taking a buffer beam as a positioning reference, fixing the traction beam on the buffer beam through a welding fixture, and then welding and repairing;
and the sleeper beam forming process comprises the following steps: cutting the corbel section bar into a fixed size, placing the corbel section bar into a welding fixture, reversely assembling and pairing, covering the upper side of the corbel section bar with an upper cover plate of the corbel section bar, welding, reversely rotating the corbel section bar, covering the corbel section bar with a lower cover plate of the corbel section bar, and welding;
and (3) a traction and bolster slow installation procedure: and (5) placing the traction beam and the sleeper beam on a general assembly tool for assembly and welding.
By improving the manufacturing process of the buffer beam, the manufacturing process of the traction beam and the manufacturing process of the sleeper beam, the buffer beam is welded with the traction beam to manufacture the traction beam, and then the traction beam is welded with the sleeper beam, so that the welding quality of the whole traction sleeper is effectively improved, the welding mode is improved, and the quality of the welded traction sleeper is further improved.
The preparation process of the upper cover plate of the traction beam comprises the following steps:
cutting and blanking aluminum alloy plates serving as raw materials in a segmented mode, and machining a welding groove by adopting a milling method, wherein the groove is in a form of a single-side 35-degree 2-millimeter blunt edge;
alkaline washing to remove greasy dirt, dust and other impurities;
splicing, namely welding the upper cover plate of the traction beam into a whole on the platform in a compressed state, leveling and performing flaw detection on the spliced seam, wherein an X-ray flaw detection scheme is adopted.
The aluminum alloy is used as a raw material, cutting and blanking are carried out in a water cutting mode, then a welding groove is processed in a milling mode, the structure of the groove is limited, further the follow-up procedure is met, oil and sand impurities can be mixed in the water cutting process, so that the surface is cleaned by alkali liquor, impurities such as dust, greasy dirt and sand are removed, the upper cover plate of the traction beam is welded into a whole on a platform in a pressing state in a splicing process, the crack detection of a splice joint is carried out in a leveling mode, the scheme of the crack detection adopts X-ray crack detection, and after the crack detection is qualified, the preparation of the upper cover plate of the traction beam is completed.
The preparation process of the traction beam lower cover plate comprises the following steps of:
taking an aluminum alloy plate as a raw material, cutting by sections with water, and bending according to the drawing size;
after the drawing is processed, alkali washing and decontamination are carried out, splicing is carried out, the lower cover plate is assembled and welded into a whole, and each cambered surface reaches the size of the sample plate.
When the lower cover plate is prepared, water cutting is also carried out in a water cutting mode, in order to ensure that the aluminum alloy plate is not broken and cracked in the bending process, bending work is carried out according to the drawing size, the aluminum alloy plate is processed by using methods such as a template and scribing to meet the drawing requirements, after alkaline washing and decontamination are carried out again, the lower cover plate is welded in a splicing state, and after adjustment and repair, all cambered surfaces are consistent with the drawing size, so that the preparation of the lower cover plate of the traction beam can be completed.
Wherein, regard buffer beam as the location benchmark including the following step:
reversing the upper cover plate of the traction beam, installing the buffer beam according to the coupler seat, aligning the longitudinal center with the center of the coupler seat, and clamping and fixing;
and (3) installing the beam body, and determining the perpendicularity among the beam body, the traction beam and the coupler seat by using a tool fixture.
The buffer beam is used as a positioning reference, so that the subsequent component working procedure of pulling the buffer beam is met, the longitudinal center line of the workpiece is ensured to coincide with the center line of the welding fixture in the installation process, the end part of the workpiece is tightly positioned on the fixture, and the upper cover plate is tightly pressed by the pressing plate.
Wherein, weld and repair after fixing the traction beam on the bumper beam through the welding fixture, including the following steps:
carrying out spot welding and fixing on welding seams between the beam body and the traction beam upper cover plate and between the beam body and the coupler seat;
firstly, finishing an inner side welding seam between an upper cover plate of a traction beam and a coupler seat part;
and detecting the integrity of the inner side welding seam and performing repair welding.
After assembly is completed, the welding requirements are met through spot welding and fixing, the inner side welding seams of the upper cover plate of the traction beam and the coupler seat piece are welded firstly, the welding seams are cleaned and repaired, adjustment and repair are carried out after the assembly is completed, the flatness of assembly welding is controlled within 1mm, detection is carried out, and subsequent procedures are carried out after qualified confirmation.
The inner side welding seam of the upper cover plate of the finished traction beam and the coupler seat member comprises the following steps:
preheating an inner side welding seam of an upper cover plate of a traction beam and a coupler seat part;
after preheating, welding is performed to finish backing welding, the tooling is turned over, and then the inner side welding seam on the other side is welded;
the overturning tool is used for carrying out cover welding and cover welding on the backing welding;
and (5) turning over the tooling to finish cover welding and cover welding of the other side.
The welding seam is preheated before being subjected to welding, the preheating temperature is 80-120 ℃, the energy consumption in the subsequent welding process can be effectively reduced, the inner side welding seam on the other side is performed after single-side backing welding is manufactured, the backing welding can be cooled, the cover welding and the cover welding are performed after detecting and polishing to remove impurities, the impurities and unevenness in the welding seam can be effectively reduced, the welding seam quality is high, and the subsequent working procedure is performed after the completion of the welding seam is confirmed after the secondary flaw detection.
According to the lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction sleeper buffer welding process, the welding process is improved, the buffer beam and the traction beam are welded through the improvement of the preparation process of the buffer beam, the preparation process of the traction beam and the preparation process of the sleeper beam, and the traction beam is welded with the sleeper beam after being prepared, so that the welding quality of the whole traction sleeper buffer is effectively improved, the welding mode is improved, and the welding traction sleeper buffer quality is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction and bolster cushioning welding process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of steps in a manufacturing process of an upper cover plate of a traction beam in a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction sleeper welding process.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of steps in a process for preparing a lower cover plate of a traction beam in a traction sleeper welding process of a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a step of a welding process for a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction sleeper buffer by using a buffer beam as a positioning reference.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of steps of welding and repairing a traction beam after the traction beam is fixed on a bumper beam by a welding fixture in the lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction sleeper buffer welding process.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a step of completing an inner side weld joint between an upper cover plate of a draft sill and a coupler housing member in a lightweight aluminum alloy car body draft sill welding process.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a welding process for a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction bolster, the traction bolster includes a bumper beam, a bolster and a traction beam, the welding process for the lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction bolster includes the following steps:
s101: preparing a buffer beam: taking a section bar and two plates as raw materials, and preparing a buffer beam after section bar blanking, plate blanking, alignment welding, trimming and flaw detection;
s102: preparing a traction beam: sequentially producing an upper cover plate of the traction beam, a lower cover plate of the traction beam, a beam body and a reinforcing plate, and splicing after water cutting, alkali washing, welding and bending;
s103: and (3) a beam traction and retarding procedure: the method comprises the steps of taking a buffer beam as a positioning reference, fixing the traction beam on the buffer beam through a welding fixture, and then welding and repairing;
s104: and the sleeper beam forming process comprises the following steps: cutting the corbel section bar into a fixed size, placing the corbel section bar into a welding fixture, reversely assembling and pairing, covering the upper side of the corbel section bar with an upper cover plate of the corbel section bar, welding, reversely rotating the corbel section bar, covering the corbel section bar with a lower cover plate of the corbel section bar, and welding;
s105: and (3) a traction and bolster slow installation procedure: and (5) placing the traction beam and the sleeper beam on a general assembly tool for assembly and welding.
In the embodiment, the welding process is improved, and after the bumper beam and the traction beam are welded to prepare the traction beam by improving the preparation process of the bumper beam, the preparation process of the traction beam and the preparation process of the sleeper beam, the traction beam and the sleeper beam are welded, so that the welding quality of the whole traction sleeper is effectively improved, the welding mode is improved, and the quality of the welded traction sleeper is further improved.
Further, the preparation process of the upper cover plate of the traction beam comprises the following steps:
s201: cutting and blanking aluminum alloy plates serving as raw materials in a segmented mode, and machining a welding groove by adopting a milling method, wherein the groove is in a form of a single-side 35-degree 2-millimeter blunt edge;
s202: alkaline washing to remove greasy dirt, dust and other impurities;
s203: splicing, namely welding the upper cover plate of the traction beam into a whole on the platform in a compressed state, leveling and performing flaw detection on the spliced seam, wherein an X-ray flaw detection scheme is adopted.
In this embodiment, use the aluminum alloy as the raw materials, cut the unloading through the mode of water cutting, adopt the mode of milling to process out the welding groove again, through the structure that limits the groove, and then satisfy the subsequent handling, again because of the water in-process, can mix oily sand impurity, thereby utilize alkali lye to wash the surface, thereby get rid of impurity such as dust, greasy dirt and sand, through the concatenation process again, weld the draft sill upper cover plate into an organic whole under the state of compressing tightly on the platform, the leveling is carried out and the flaw detection of splice seam is carried out, the scheme of flaw detection adopts X-ray flaw detection, after the flaw detection is qualified, accomplish the preparation of draft sill upper cover plate.
Further, the preparation process of the traction beam lower cover plate comprises the following steps:
s301: taking an aluminum alloy plate as a raw material, cutting by sections with water, and bending according to the drawing size;
s302: after the drawing is processed, alkali washing and decontamination are carried out, splicing is carried out, the lower cover plate is assembled and welded into a whole, and each cambered surface reaches the size of the sample plate.
In the embodiment, when the lower cover plate is manufactured, water cutting is also performed by adopting a water cutting mode, in order to ensure that the aluminum alloy plate is not broken or cracked in the bending process, bending work is performed according to the drawing size, the aluminum alloy plate is processed by adopting methods such as sample plate, scribing and the like so as to meet the drawing requirements, after alkaline washing and decontamination are performed again, the lower cover plate is welded in a splicing state, and after adjustment and repair, all cambered surfaces are consistent with the drawing size, so that the manufacture of the lower cover plate of the traction beam can be completed.
Further, the step of using the bumper beam as a positioning reference includes the following steps:
s401: reversing the upper cover plate of the traction beam, installing the buffer beam according to the coupler seat, aligning the longitudinal center with the center of the coupler seat, and clamping and fixing;
s402: and (3) installing the beam body, and determining the perpendicularity among the beam body, the traction beam and the coupler seat by using a tool fixture.
In the embodiment, the buffer beam is used as a positioning reference, so that the subsequent component working procedure of pulling the buffer beam is met, the longitudinal center line of the workpiece is ensured to coincide with the center line of the welding fixture in the installation process, the end part of the workpiece is tightly positioned on the fixture, and the upper cover plate is tightly pressed by the pressing plate.
Further, the welding and repairing of the traction beam after being fixed on the buffer beam through the welding fixture comprises the following steps:
s501: carrying out spot welding and fixing on welding seams between the beam body and the traction beam upper cover plate and between the beam body and the coupler seat;
s502: firstly, finishing an inner side welding seam between an upper cover plate of a traction beam and a coupler seat part;
s503: and detecting the integrity of the inner side welding seam and performing repair welding.
In this embodiment, after the assembly is completed, the welding requirements are satisfied by spot welding, the inner side weld seam of the upper cover plate of the traction beam and the coupler seat member is welded first, the weld seam is cleaned and repaired, and after the completion, the repair is performed, so that the flatness of the assembly welding is controlled within 1mm, and after the detection is performed, the subsequent process is performed after the qualification is confirmed.
Further, the inner side weld joint of the upper cover plate of the finished traction beam and the coupler seat member comprises the following steps:
s601: preheating an inner side welding seam of an upper cover plate of a traction beam and a coupler seat part;
s602: after preheating, welding is performed to finish backing welding, the tooling is turned over, and then the inner side welding seam on the other side is welded;
s603: the overturning tool is used for carrying out cover welding and cover welding on the backing welding;
s604: and (5) turning over the tooling to finish cover welding and cover welding of the other side.
In the embodiment, the preheating is carried out before the welding seam is carried out, the preheating temperature is 80-120 ℃, the energy consumption in the subsequent welding process can be effectively reduced, the inner welding seam on the other side is carried out after the unilateral backing welding is manufactured, the backing welding can be cooled, the cover welding and the cover welding are carried out after the impurities are detected and polished, the impurities and the unevenness in the welding seam can be effectively reduced, the welding seam quality is high, and the subsequent working procedure is carried out after the completion of the welding seam is confirmed after the secondary flaw detection.
Further, the repair welding standard is as follows:
the flatness of the upper plane is controlled within 2 mm;
the diagonal is controlled within 2 mm;
the perpendicularity of the traction beam and the coupler seat is controlled within 2 mm;
the side bending of the traction beam is not more than 2mm/M, and the total length is not more than 3mm.
In the embodiment, the repair welding standard is improved, so that when the quality problem of the welding line is found, repair welding can be performed according to the repair welding standard, and the quality requirement of the welding process is met.
Further, after the upper cover plate of the sleeper beam is covered on the upper side of the sleeper beam section bar for welding, double-sided fillet welds are adopted for welding, the height of a welding angle is 10mm, and the welding sequence is staggered welding from the middle to the two sides.
In the present embodiment, the type and height of the welded seam are limited, and the welding sequence is limited, thereby improving the quality of the welding.
According to the lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body traction sleeper buffer welding process, the welding process is improved, the traction sleeper buffer is prepared by welding the buffer beam and the traction beam through the improved preparation process of the buffer beam, the traction beam preparation process and the sleeper beam preparation process, and then the traction sleeper buffer is welded with the sleeper beam, so that the welding quality of the whole traction sleeper buffer is effectively improved, the welding mode is improved, and the welding traction sleeper buffer quality is further improved.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the procedures described above can be performed according to the equivalent changes of the claims, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A welding process of a traction sleeper buffer of a lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body, the traction sleeper buffer comprises a buffer beam, a sleeper beam and a traction beam, and is characterized in that,
the lightweight aluminum alloy car body traction and bolster slow welding process comprises the following steps of:
preparing a buffer beam: taking a section bar and two plates as raw materials, and preparing a buffer beam after section bar blanking, plate blanking, alignment welding, trimming and flaw detection;
preparing a traction beam: sequentially producing an upper cover plate of the traction beam, a lower cover plate of the traction beam, a beam body and a reinforcing plate, and splicing after water cutting, alkali washing, welding and bending;
and (3) a beam traction and retarding procedure: the method comprises the steps of taking a buffer beam as a positioning reference, fixing the traction beam on the buffer beam through a welding fixture, and then welding and repairing;
and the sleeper beam forming process comprises the following steps: cutting the corbel section bar into a fixed size, placing the corbel section bar into a welding fixture, reversely assembling and pairing, covering the upper side of the corbel section bar with an upper cover plate of the corbel section bar, welding, reversely rotating the corbel section bar, covering the corbel section bar with a lower cover plate of the corbel section bar, and welding;
and (3) a traction and bolster slow installation procedure: placing the traction beam and the sleeper beam on a general assembly tool for assembly and welding;
the preparation process of the upper cover plate of the traction beam comprises the following steps:
cutting and blanking aluminum alloy plates serving as raw materials in a segmented mode, and machining a welding groove by adopting a milling method, wherein the groove is in a form of a single-side 35-degree 2-millimeter blunt edge;
alkali washing to remove greasy dirt and dust;
splicing, namely welding an upper cover plate of the traction beam into a whole under a state of being pressed on a platform, leveling and performing flaw detection on a spliced seam, wherein an X-ray flaw detection scheme is adopted;
the preparation process of the traction beam lower cover plate comprises the following steps of:
taking an aluminum alloy plate as a raw material, cutting by sections with water, and bending according to the drawing size;
after the processing to the drawing size, alkali washing and decontamination are carried out, splicing is carried out, the lower cover plate is assembled and welded into a whole, and each cambered surface reaches the size of the sample plate;
the method for taking the buffer beam as the positioning reference comprises the following steps of:
reversing the upper cover plate of the traction beam, installing the buffer beam according to the coupler seat, aligning the longitudinal center with the center of the coupler seat, and clamping and fixing;
the method comprises the steps of installing a beam body, and determining the perpendicularity among the beam body, a traction beam and a coupler seat by using a tool fixture;
the welding and repairing process for the traction beam after being fixed on the buffer beam through the welding fixture comprises the following steps:
carrying out spot welding and fixing on welding seams between the beam body and the traction beam upper cover plate and between the beam body and the coupler seat;
firstly, finishing an inner side welding seam between an upper cover plate of a traction beam and a coupler seat part;
detecting the integrity of the inner side welding seam and performing repair welding;
the inner side weld joint of the upper cover plate of the finished traction beam and the coupler seat member comprises the following steps:
preheating an inner side welding seam of an upper cover plate of a traction beam and a coupler seat part;
after preheating, welding is performed to finish backing welding, the tooling is turned over, and then the inner side welding seam on the other side is welded;
the overturning tool is used for carrying out cover welding and cover welding on the backing welding;
and (5) turning over the tooling to finish cover welding and cover welding of the other side.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111633916.7A CN114289919B (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Welding process for traction and bolster buffering of lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body |
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| CN202111633916.7A CN114289919B (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Welding process for traction and bolster buffering of lightweight aluminum alloy vehicle body |
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| CN115383338B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-08-22 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Method for controlling assembly welding deformation of aluminum alloy dynamic load traction component of railway vehicle |
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| CN102107338B (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-12-12 | 南京雷尔伟新技术有限公司 | Vehicle body draft, bolster and buffer assembling and welding process |
| CN107901938B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-07-02 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The pillow pulling buffering apparatus of full aluminium rail vehicle |
| CN110422195B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2024-05-03 | 中铁工程机械研究设计院有限公司 | Traction and bolster buffering structure for suspension type monorail train |
| CN111360477A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-03 | 北京地铁车辆装备有限公司 | Lead and slowly constitute welding frock |
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