CN114279711B - Piston heat transfer test device - Google Patents
Piston heat transfer test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114279711B CN114279711B CN202111589070.1A CN202111589070A CN114279711B CN 114279711 B CN114279711 B CN 114279711B CN 202111589070 A CN202111589070 A CN 202111589070A CN 114279711 B CN114279711 B CN 114279711B
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Abstract
The invention provides a piston heat transfer test device, comprising: cylinder sleeve; the piston is positioned in the cylinder sleeve; the motion mechanism is connected with the piston and can drive the piston to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve; the heating measurement assembly comprises a heating assembly and a temperature measurement assembly; the connecting rod lead mechanism comprises a bracket and a connecting rod assembly; wherein, the connecting rod assembly can move along with the reciprocating motion of the piston, the lead wires connected with the heating assembly and/or the temperature measuring assembly are distributed in the connecting rod assembly, and the lead wires can move along with the movement of the connecting rod assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engine tests, in particular to a piston heat transfer test device.
Background
The diesel engine has the advantages of strong dynamic property, good economy, high reliability and the like, and has very wide application in the fields of national defense and military industry, highway traffic, engineering machinery and the like, and particularly has dominant position in the ship transportation industry. With the continuous improvement of the power rising and strengthening degree of the diesel engine, the failure of key parts such as a piston, a cylinder cover and the like can be greatly improved, and higher requirements are put forward on the reliability of the key parts of the diesel engine in order to ensure the reliability and durability of the diesel engine.
As one of the most central parts of a diesel engine, a piston plays a vital role, which converts the thermal energy instantaneously exploded in the combustion system into mechanical energy, and thus outputs work outwards through a connecting rod crank mechanism. The highest temperature of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber can reach 2300 ℃ to 2500 ℃, and the pressure of the fuel gas is higher than 25MPa at most, so that the fuel gas can bear high mechanical load and high thermal load due to the severe working environment. The thermal load of the piston of the marine high-power diesel engine is more serious, and when the cooling of the piston is insufficient, a series of problems such as adhesion, partial fracture or crack of the piston, top ablation, fatigue failure and the like are easily caused between the piston and the cylinder. In order to improve the reliability and durability of the diesel engine piston, it is necessary to design the cooling structure of the piston effectively and measure the heat flow intensity and heat flow distribution. The piston is positioned in the engine, and the oscillation cooling capacity in the cooling cavity of the piston cannot be directly measured in the real machine, so that the piston oscillation cooling test research often needs to design and build a heat transfer test bed to develop related research.
However, the inventor has found in the course of completing the present application that the existing piston oscillation cooling test bench technology cannot meet the piston oscillation cooling test requirements of an engine with large cylinder diameter, high thermal load, long stroke movement range and large movement inertia force.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a piston heat transfer test device.
According to one aspect of the invention, a piston heat transfer test apparatus comprises: cylinder sleeve; the piston is positioned in the cylinder sleeve; the motion mechanism is connected with the piston and can drive the piston to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve; the heating measurement assembly comprises a heating assembly and a temperature measurement assembly; the connecting rod lead mechanism comprises a bracket and a connecting rod assembly; wherein, the connecting rod assembly can move along with the reciprocating motion of the piston, the lead wires connected with the heating assembly and/or the temperature measuring assembly are distributed in the connecting rod assembly, and the lead wires can move along with the movement of the connecting rod assembly.
In the technical scheme of this application embodiment, through setting up connecting rod lead wire mechanism, to the heating element with test device and/or the wire that temperature measurement subassembly is connected is led, makes it still can keep reliable distribution under the test environment that stroke motion scope is long, inertial force is big, avoids appearing the wire loose, knotting even cracked condition, has guaranteed the reliability of test process and test data.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the heating assembly includes a heating plate and a cover, the cover is covered on the top of the piston, and the heating plate is disposed in a space defined between the cover and the top of the piston to heat the piston.
The heating assembly composed of the heating cover and the heating disc is arranged to heat the piston, so that the situations of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation are avoided, and the reliability of test data and the safety of a test are ensured.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the heating plate is fixedly connected with the top of the piston, a gap is formed between the cover and the heating plate, and at least part of the gap is filled with heat insulation material; the heating plate and the top of the piston are provided with heat conduction materials for conducting heat; the cap is sealed with the top of the piston with a seal.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, and a first joint assembly, the first connecting rod is pivoted to a first connecting rod base, the relative positions of the first connecting rod base and the piston are fixed, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are connected through the first joint assembly, and the second connecting rod is pivoted to the bracket through a second connecting rod base; the lead wires are distributed along the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and the positions corresponding to the first joint components are provided with movement allowance; the first connecting rod base is fixedly connected with the cover.
In one or more embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the second link base is higher than the first joint assembly such that the second link is higher than the first link.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod have an i-shaped structure, and a dimension in a width direction of the i-shape is greater than a dimension in a height direction. In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the first connecting rod is pivoted to the first connecting rod base, the first connecting rod is connected to the second connecting rod through the first joint assembly, and the second connecting rod is pivoted to the bracket through the second connecting rod base, and a structure in which a shaft pin is matched with a bearing is adopted.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus, the temperature measuring assembly includes a thermocouple, the thermocouple is disposed in a channel of the piston, and a groove is formed on an outer side of the channel.
In one or more embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus, the leads of the heating assembly and the leads of the temperature measuring assembly are disposed in opposite directions.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the support includes a first riser having a larger diameter than a second riser, the first riser having reinforcing ribs on its periphery, the second riser being connected to the connecting rod assembly.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings and embodiments in which like reference numerals refer to like features throughout, it being noted that these drawings are given by way of example only, which are not drawn to scale and should not be construed to limit the true scope of the invention, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piston heat transfer test apparatus according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2A is a schematic top view of a piston with a heating plate according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a piston with a heating assembly according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston and a motion mechanism according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4A is a schematic structural view of a piston according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4B is a front view of a piston of an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a connection structure of a first joint assembly according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an I-shaped first link according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of wires according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an oil supply mechanism according to an embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the balance system and lubrication system of an embodiment.
Reference numerals:
100-a piston heat transfer test device;
1-a cylinder sleeve;
2-piston, 201-duct, 202-groove;
21-guiding piston, 211-external screw thread, 212-pressure stabilizing cavity, 213-oil supply through hole;
22-metal test piston, 220-cooling cavity, 221-first cooling cavity, 222-second cooling cavity, 223-cooling cavity oil outlet, 224-cooling cavity oil inlet;
3-a motion mechanism;
4-heating the measurement assembly;
41-heating assembly, 411-heating plate, 412-cover, 4121-cover mounting hole, 4122-first annular groove, 413-gap;
42-a temperature measurement assembly;
40-defining space, 43-screw, 44-seal;
5-a connecting rod lead wire mechanism;
51-brackets, 511-first upright tubes, 512-second upright tubes, 513-reinforcing ribs;
52-linkage assembly, 521-first linkage, 522-second linkage;
523-first joint component, 5231-needle bearing, 5232-pin shaft;
531-first link base, 532-second link base;
6-wire, 61-heating element wire, 610-heating element wire guide, 62-temperature measuring element wire;
7-base, 701-internal threads, 702-base ring grooves;
8-a main connecting rod;
9-flywheel;
13-a first oil supply pipe, 14-an oil supply pin shaft, 15-a first auxiliary connecting rod, 16-a second auxiliary connecting rod and 17-an auxiliary connecting rod base;
18-rigid pipe and 181-anchor ear;
19-flexible tubing assembly, 191-coupled flexible tubing, 192-coupled rigid tubing, 193-short flexible tubing;
24-balance shaft, 25-balance block;
26-gear sets, 261-main gear, 262-transition gear, 263-first-order balance gear, 264-second-order balance gear;
27-supporting seats, 28-cylinder sleeve supporting frames, 29-first racks, 30-second racks, 31-third racks and 32-bottom plates;
80-lubricating oil supply pipe, 81-internal lubricating pipeline, 82-lubricating nozzle and 83-oil injection cavity.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated that the present description is not intended to limit the invention to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover not only these exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In the following description, references to orientations or positional relationships of "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," or other orientation terms are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for purposes of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Meanwhile, the present application uses specific words to describe embodiments of the present application. As "some embodiments" means a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, it should be emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "some embodiments" in this specification at different positions are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of some embodiments of the present application may be combined as suitable.
At present, a piston oscillation cooling test bed is suitable for a vehicle piston with a smaller cylinder diameter, but for an engine with a large cylinder diameter, high heat load, long stroke movement range and large inertia force, for example, a piston of a marine diesel engine, only partial simulation schemes such as a reduction ratio and the like can be adopted in the prior art, and the heat transfer characteristics of an actual piston cannot be truly reflected
Through intensive researches, the inventor of the application finds that for a marine diesel engine with large cylinder diameter, high heat load, long stroke movement range and large inertia force, a piston oscillation cooling test bed can face the problems of unstable test, poor safety and insufficient data reliability. Further studies have found that the main reasons include: under the test conditions of long stroke movement range and large inertia force, the wires connected with the heating component and/or the temperature measuring component of the test device are loosened, knotted and even broken, so that the reliability of the test process and test data is affected; in addition, under the test condition of large heat transfer quantity and large piston size, the conditions of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation occur on the heating assembly of the test device, and the reliability of test data and the safety of the test are affected.
Based on the above consideration, the inventor has designed a piston heat transfer test device through intensive research, through setting up the link wire mechanism, guide the wire that is connected with the heating element of test device and/or temperature measurement subassembly, make it still can keep reliable distribution under the test environment that stroke motion scope is long, inertial force is big, avoid appearing the wire loosening, knot even cracked condition, guaranteed test process and test data's reliability. In addition, the heating assembly formed by the heating cover and the heating disc is arranged to heat the piston, so that the situations of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire disaster initiation are avoided, and the reliability of test data and the safety of a test are ensured.
The piston heat transfer test device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is suitable for a piston heat transfer test of a marine diesel engine with a large cylinder diameter, a high heat load, a long stroke movement range and a large inertia force, so as to achieve the effect of improving the reliability of the test, but the device is not limited thereto, and the device can be applied to other engines, such as diesel engines of heavy vehicles and railway trains, and also can be applied to other internal combustion engines, such as engines of mixed fuels, for example, methanol-diesel engines, and the like, so long as the piston heat transfer test device disclosed in the present application can be used for a piston oscillation cooling test.
Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, a piston heat transfer test apparatus 100 may be specifically configured to include a cylinder liner 1, a piston 2, a motion mechanism 3, a heat measurement assembly 4, and a connecting rod lead mechanism 5. And the piston 2 is positioned in the cylinder sleeve 1. The motion mechanism 3 is connected with the piston 2 and can drive the piston 2 to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve 1. The heating measurement assembly 4 includes a heating assembly 41 and a temperature measurement assembly 42. The link wire mechanism 5 comprises a bracket 51 and a link assembly 52, wherein the link assembly 52 can move along with the reciprocating motion of the piston 2, wires 6 connected with the heating assembly 41 and/or the temperature measuring assembly 42 are distributed in the link assembly 52, and the wires 6 can move along with the movement of the link assembly 52.
The heating measuring assembly 4 here is located on the piston 2.
The wires 6 here may also extend from the linkage assembly 52 to the bracket 51.
The piston 2 here is typically a combined piston, i.e. similar to an actual marine diesel engine, comprising a combination of a first piston and a second piston, for a marine diesel engine. As shown in fig. 3, for example, the guide piston 21 and the metal test piston 22 may be included, the guide piston 21 plays a role in guiding and supporting, and the metal test piston 22 plays a role in heat transfer and measurement. The upper end of the guide piston 21 is provided with a metal test piston 22, the lower end of the guide piston 21 is connected with the moving mechanism 3, and the guide piston 21 is movably contacted with the cylinder sleeve 1. The combined piston reciprocates in the cylinder liner 1, with the engine oil oscillating in the cooling chamber 220 of the metal test piston 22.
The embodiment has the beneficial effects that the connecting rod lead mechanism is arranged to guide the wires connected with the heating component and/or the temperature measuring component of the test device, so that the wires can still be reliably distributed in a test environment with long stroke movement range and large inertia force, the loosening, knotting and even fracture of the wires are avoided, and the reliability of the test process and test data is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2B, in some embodiments, the heating assembly 41 may be specifically configured to include a heating plate 411 and a cover 412, where the cover 412 covers the top of the piston 2, and the heating plate 411 is disposed in the top-defining space 40 between the cover 412 and the piston 2 to heat the piston 2.
Here, the heating plate 411 may be a mica heating plate, which can effectively improve the heating density and the heating uniformity of the piston 2, and is fastened above the piston 2 by the screw 43.
The cap 412 may be fixedly coupled to the piston 2 by a screw, as shown in fig. 2A, and the top outer edge of the piston 2 has a plurality of cap mounting holes 4121.
The heating component 41 has the beneficial effects that the heating component is mainly used for improving the safety performance of the test device, and because more engine oil mist exists around the piston in the test process, the heating disk is designed to cover the upper part of the heating disk in order to improve the safety of the test device and prevent the fire of the test device. Through the cover, the mica heating plate can be wrapped in the cover, and the fire disaster caused by direct contact of engine oil mist and a hot plate of the mica heating plate is prevented. The cover has the other function of avoiding heat loss of the heating disc, thus being beneficial to accurately calculating the heating power of the piston and ensuring uniform heating. The heating assembly composed of the heating cover and the heating disc is arranged to heat the piston, so that the situations of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation are avoided, and the reliability of test data and the safety of a test are ensured. With continued reference to fig. 2B, in some embodiments, the heating assembly 41 may be further configured such that the heating plate 411 is fixedly connected to the top of the piston 2, a gap 413 is formed between the cover 412 and the heating plate 411, and at least a portion of the gap 413 is filled with a heat insulating material. The heating plate 411 and the top of the piston 2 have a heat conductive substance to conduct heat. The cap 412 seals with the top of the piston 2 with a seal 44.
The seal 44 may be an O-ring, and the first ring groove 4122 is formed in the surface of the cover 412 that contacts the piston 2, and the O-ring is placed in the first ring groove 4122 to prevent leakage of oil.
The heat conducting substance can be silica gel heat conducting glue, and has good heat conductivity.
The heating component 41 of the embodiment has the beneficial effects that the heat insulation material is filled between the cover 412 and the heating plate 411 to insulate heat, so that the cover can be effectively prevented from overheating, local hot spots are generated, thereby forming potential safety hazards, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation of the heating plate can be reduced by the heat insulation material, thereby being beneficial to uniform heating and enabling the measurement result to be more accurate. A heat conducting substance is arranged between the heating plate 411 and the piston 2 to guide the heat flow to spread downwards, and better spread to the piston, so that the heat accumulation of the heating plate can be prevented, and the heating plate is burnt. The seal 44 is provided to effectively prevent oil from entering the confined space 40 and coking under the heating of the heating plate.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the link wire mechanism 5 may have a specific structure including a first link 521, a second link 522, and a first joint component 523, where the first link 521 is pivoted to the first link base 531, the relative position of the first link base 531 and the piston 2 is fixed, the first link 521 and the second link 522 are connected by the first joint component 523, and the second link 522 is pivoted to the bracket 51 by the second link base 532. The wires 6 are distributed along the first link 521 and the second link 522, and have a movement margin at a position corresponding to the first joint component 523. The first link base 531 is fixedly connected to the cover 412 so that the lead wire 6 is led out from the inside of the piston 2 to the link assembly 52 and moves with the piston 2.
The relative position of the first link base 531 and the piston 2 is fixed, as shown in fig. 1, and a specific example may be that the first link base 531 is fixedly connected to the cover 412, or specifically may be that a screw thread is fixedly connected to the cover 412 and the piston 2, the first link base 531 is pivotally connected to the first link 521, and the first link 521 moves along with the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 through the first link base 531.
The lead wire 6 may be extended from the second link base 532 to the bracket 51 as needed, and may have a movement margin at a position corresponding to the second link base 532. The wires 6 can also be fixed at distributed positions and angles by PVC insulating tapes, so that mutual interference or damage caused by the movement of the wires along with the movement of the connecting rod assembly 52 is prevented.
The joint assembly bending part has the beneficial effects that in the high-speed operation process of the test device, all the wires, including the joint part, and the connecting rod assembly have small relative movement, the generated shearing force is relatively small, and only a slight torsion movement is generated, so that fatigue fracture caused by frequent bending is avoided, and the piston is continuously and stably heated and data are rapidly collected during the high-speed operation of the test device.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the particular configuration of the linkage assembly 52 may also be such that the height of the second linkage base 532 is greater than the height of the first joint assembly 523 such that the height of the second linkage 522 is greater than the height of the first linkage 521. The beneficial effects that so set up lie in, can avoid the link assembly polarization etc. inefficacy that leads to because gravity and motion inertia effect, improve link wire mechanism's reliability and stability.
Referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the link assembly 52 may further have a specific structure in which the first link 521 and the second link 522 have an i-shape, and a dimension of the i-shape in a width W direction is greater than a dimension of the i-shape in a height H direction.
The I-shape herein, i.e., a similar shape such as that shown in FIG. 6, is referred to as an "I-shape" and similar expressions such as "I-steel" are also common to those skilled in the art. The height dimension of the two ends of the connecting rod is larger than that of the middle part of the connecting rod.
The beneficial effects that so set up are that not only can increase link assembly's stability and reliability, reduce polarization, can also reduce the quality of connecting rod to reduce the slip inertia of piston, and make the material exert efficiency more highly, improve and hold and cut out the ability.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the height of the link wire mechanism 5, and the lengths of the first link 521 and the second link 522 are designed and adjusted according to actual needs to reduce the swing amplitude at each joint, so as to reduce the bending degree of the wire, and prevent the wire from failing.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the link assembly 52 may further have a specific structure that the first link 521 is pivoted to the first link base 531, the first link 521 is connected to the second link 522 through the first joint assembly 523, and the second link 522 is pivoted to the bracket 51 through the second link base 531, and the above pivot/connection structure is a structure that a shaft pin is matched with a bearing.
The structure of the shaft pin and the bearing in cooperation with each other may specifically be, for example, at the connection position of the first joint component 523 as shown in fig. 5, the connection between the first connecting rod 521 and the second connecting rod 522 depends on the needle bearing 50, the first connecting rod 521 is movably connected with the bearing and fixed with the outer ring of the needle bearing 5231, the second connecting rod 522 is fixed with the inner ring of the needle bearing 5231 through the pin shaft 5232, and two ends of the pin shaft 5232 are respectively provided with a cotter pin and a fixing pin to limit the axial serial movement of the pin shaft 5232.
The beneficial effect that so set up lies in, thereby can make each part center of connecting rod assembly lie in the coplanar thereby avoid the motion of piston to the junction bearing produces axial inertial force to guarantee that wire 6 does not take place to twist reverse, guarantee test device's reliability.
Referring to fig. 4A in combination with fig. 4B, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the heating measurement assembly 4 may be that the temperature measurement assembly 42 includes a thermocouple, where the thermocouple is disposed in the channel 201 of the piston 2, and a groove 202 is formed on the outer side of the channel 201. The opening positions of the pore canal 201 and the groove 202 are specifically that the pore canal 201 is formed on the upper side of the middle part of the piston 2, the groove 202 is formed on the positions of the pore canal 201 on two sides of the periphery of the piston 2, and the opening degree of the groove 202 is 120 degrees. Therefore, under the condition that the reciprocating motion of the piston is not affected, the heat flow in the piston in the oscillation process of the cooling oil cavity is directly measured through the thermocouple, the thermocouple reaction is sensitive, and the rapid and accurate measurement can be realized.
Referring to fig. 7 in combination with fig. 6, the specific structure of the wire 6 may be that the wire 61 of the heating element 41 and the wire 62 of the temperature measuring element 42 are disposed in opposite directions. The opposite directions may be, for example, the heating element wire 61 and the temperature measuring element wire 62, as shown in fig. 7, respectively located on both sides of the H-height direction of the i-shaped second link 522. The beneficial effect of this arrangement is that the high voltage of the heating assembly wire 61 can be effectively prevented from interfering with the measurement signal, so that the measurement result is more accurate.
In addition, the number of the heating element wires 61 and the temperature measuring element wires 62 may be 1 or more, respectively, the heating element wires 61 are led out of the heating element 41 into the rod lead mechanism 5 through the heating element wire holes 610 located on the heating element 41 as shown in fig. 2A, and the temperature measuring element wires 62 are led out of the piston 2 into the rod lead mechanism 5 through the duct 201 as shown in fig. 4A. All the wires 6 are sleeved with the metal outer sheath, so that signal interference can be prevented, certain rigidity of the wires 6 can be guaranteed, and the wires are not easy to damage.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the bracket 51 may have a specific structure including a first upright tube 511 and a second upright tube 512, the first upright tube 511 having a larger diameter than the second upright tube 512, the first upright tube 512 having a reinforcing rib 513 at its periphery, the second upright tube 512 being connected to the link assembly 52. The first and second upright pipes 511 and 512 may be, for example, seamless steel pipes. The first upright tube 511 is fixed on the independent T-shaped groove bottom plate by anchor bolts, the first upright tube 511 and the second upright tube 512 are indirectly welded together by welding small-sized reinforcing plates, and the bottom periphery of the first upright tube 511 is welded with reinforcing ribs 513 having larger sizes, which are also commonly called reinforcing ribs in practical use. The arrangement can enable the support to have high structural strength and stability, and can withstand severe movement of the piston, especially for experiments of marine engine pistons with large cylinder diameter, long stroke movement range and large inertia force, the connecting rod assembly cannot shake easily, and reliability and stability of the connecting rod lead wire mechanism are further improved.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the piston 2 may be a combined piston, where the metal test piston 22 and the guide piston 21 are fixed by the base 7, the metal test piston 22 is connected with the base 7 by a bolt, a bonding surface is coated with a two-liquid mixed hardening glue, an internal thread 701 is formed in the middle of the base 7 and is matched with an external thread 211 in the upper center of the guide piston 21, a base ring groove 702 is formed in the bonding surface, an O-ring is embedded for sealing, engine oil is prevented from exuding, and a pressure stabilizing cavity 212 is formed between the guide piston 21 and the base 7. The cooling cavity 220 structure in the metal test piston 22 simulates a double cooling cavity structure of a real marine high-power diesel engine piston, and comprises a first cooling cavity 221 and a second cooling cavity 222 which are communicated, wherein a cooling cavity oil outlet 223 is arranged in the center of the lower middle end of the metal test piston 22, the cooling cavity oil outlet 223 is communicated with the first cooling cavity 221, and four cooling cavity oil inlets 224 are formed in the lower part of the metal test piston 22. Two bottom-up oil supply through holes 213 are formed on two sides of the piston pin seat of the pilot piston 3, and engine oil is supplied to the pressure stabilizing cavity 212 between the pilot piston 21 and the base 7 through the oil supply through holes 213, and then enters the second cooling cavity 222 from four oil inlets 224 of the metal test piston 22. The metal test piston 22 can be made of 2A70 aluminum alloy, has higher thermal conductivity and heat resistance, can quickly obtain the value and change of the heat flow of the piston through a thermocouple, and improves the test efficiency and precision.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the piston heat transfer testing apparatus 100 may further include a supporting mechanism, specifically including a supporting seat 27, a cylinder liner supporting frame 28, a first frame 29, a second frame 30, a third frame 31, and a bottom plate 32, and a bracket 51 is located outside the supporting mechanism. The supporting seat 27 is fixed on the bottom plate 32 through bolts and is not in direct contact with the outer shell of the third rack 31, so that vibration generated by the running of the movement mechanism 3 is transmitted to the bottom plate 32 through the supporting seat 27 to the ground to the greatest extent, and the vibration of the supporting mechanism is reduced, and the running stability of the whole test device is improved and noise is reduced. The supporting mechanism plays a role in supporting and protecting, and the whole adopts the sectional type, so that the sectional type diesel engine testing device has the advantages of being convenient to detach and enabling the testing device to have higher universality, and when the reciprocating motion forms of pistons of different types of diesel engines are simulated, the length of a connecting rod is required to be changed, only the second rack 30 is required to be integrally replaced, and other rack parts are still universal.
Referring to fig. 1 in combination with fig. 9, in some embodiments, the motion mechanism 3 includes a variable frequency motor (not shown), a flywheel 9, a crankshaft (not shown), and a main connecting rod 8 connected in sequence. The variable frequency motor is controlled by the frequency converter, the rotating speed required by the test can be set, the rotating speed can be adjusted from 0 to 5000 revolutions per minute at the highest, the common rotating speed range of the marine high-power diesel engine is covered, and the variable frequency motor is supported by the motor support, so that the axle center of the motor shaft and the crankshaft are at the same height, and the universal coupling is conveniently used for connection. The variable frequency motor drives the crankshaft and the flywheel 9 to rotate through the universal coupling, the flywheel 9 is arranged on one side close to the motor, and the variable frequency motor is connected with the crankshaft through the flange, so that rotational inertia can be stored, and running stability is improved. The big end of the main connecting rod 8 is connected with the crankshaft through a crank pin, the small end is connected with the piston 2 through a piston pin, and the rotation motion of the crankshaft is converted into the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 through the main connecting rod 8. The right side of the crankshaft is connected with the flywheel 9 through a flange and bolts, the left side of the crankshaft is connected with the main gear 261, and the whole balance system is driven to operate through the main gear 261; further, the crankshaft is processed in a sectional mode and is divided into a crank pin and a left crank and a right crank, the crank and the crank pin are connected through bolts, and the sectional type crankshaft is beneficial to quick replacement according to different diesel engine structures and improves the universality of the test device.
Further, referring to fig. 1 in conjunction with fig. 9, in some embodiments, the movement mechanism 3 further includes a dynamic balance system, specifically including a balance shaft 24, a balance weight 25, and a gear set 26. Wherein the gear set 26 comprises a main gear 261, a transition gear 262, two first order balance gears 263, two second order balance gears 264, wherein the main gear 261 is meshed with the first and second order balance gears through the transition gear 262; the balance gears respectively drive a balance shaft 24 to rotate, a balance weight 25 is fixed on the balance shaft 24 through bolts and rotates along with the balance shaft 24, and the first-order and second-order reciprocating inertial force and the inertial moment generated by the movement of the piston 2 are counteracted by the rotary inertial force generated by the rotation of the balance weight 25.
Referring to fig. 8 in combination with fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the piston heat transfer test apparatus 100 may be specifically configured to include an oil supply mechanism including a first oil supply pipe 13, an oil supply pin 14, a first auxiliary link 15, a second auxiliary link 16, an auxiliary link base 17, a rigid pipe 18, and a flexible pipe assembly 19. The terms "rigid" and "flexible" are used herein in a relative sense, and are not intended to be absolute, with rigid tube 18 being formed of a relatively hard material, such as metal, and flexible tube being formed of a relatively flexible material, such as rubber, plastic, or the like. Wherein the oil supply pin 14 is connected with the first frame 29; the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 are movably connected, the oil channels are respectively provided with a communicated oil channel, engine oil flows through the oil channels of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, and the engine oil can flow through joints of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 in a mode of matching oil holes and oil grooves. The rigid pipe 18 is fixed on the main connecting rod 8 through the anchor ear 181 and moves along with the main connecting rod 8; the flexible tube assembly 19 is used to connect the rigid tube 18 and the oil supply through hole 213 of the pilot piston 21.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the flexible tube assembly 19 includes a coupling flexible tube 191, a coupling rigid tube 192, and a short flexible tube 193. For the oil supply through hole 213 near the rigid tube 18, the rigid tube 18 and the oil supply through hole 213 are directly connected by the short flexible tube 193; for the oil supply through hole 213 far from the rigid tube 18, the rigid tube 18 and the oil supply through hole 213 are connected by the connecting flexible tube 191, the connecting rigid tube 192 and the short flexible tube 193 which are connected in sequence, wherein the connecting rigid tube 192 is fixed on the main link 8. The short flexible tube 193 has higher strength, better elasticity and higher scalability, can do the swing in certain scope, simultaneously, the short hose is according to the relative motion law of piston connecting rod, makes into the shaping pipe and length is shorter, and length is 10cm ~ 15cm, can reduce the degree of buckling that the relative motion of piston connecting rod leads to can improve the rotational speed of test device. In operation, engine oil enters the interior of the frame formed by the first frame 29, the second frame 30 and the third frame 31 from the first oil supply pipe 13, flows through the oil supply pin shaft 14, the first auxiliary connecting rod 15, the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, the auxiliary connecting rod base 17, the rigid pipe 18, the connecting flexible pipe 191, the connecting rigid pipe 192, the short flexible pipe 193, the oil supply through hole 213 in the guide piston 21, the pressure stabilizing cavity 212 and the cooling cavity oil inlet 224 respectively, is supplied into the cooling cavity in the metal test piston 22, flows through the second cooling cavity 222 and the first cooling cavity 221 in sequence, flows out from the cooling cavity outlet 223, and falls into the oil pan in the lower part of the test device 100.
The concrete oil supply mode of the oil supply mechanism is as follows: after the engine oil supplied to the cooling oil cavity of the piston is pressurized in a bypass oil supply system outside the rack of the test device, the engine oil is supplied into the rack through a first oil supply pipe 13 and firstly enters an oil supply pin through an oil supply pin 14; when the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 move along with the main connecting rod 8, the matching parts of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the oil supply pin shaft 14 can move relatively, but engine oil can always enter an oil groove at the matching part of the oil supply pin shaft 14 and the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 through an oil outlet on the oil supply pin shaft 14, and then can enter a hollow oil duct of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15. Subsequently, the engine oil flows through the oil passage of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and is supplied to the oil groove of the matching part of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, and likewise, when the matching part between the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 15 moves relatively, the engine oil can also always enter the hollow oil passage of the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 through the oil holes of the matching parts of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod, then, the engine oil flows through the hollow oil passage of the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 and is supplied to the oil groove of the matching part of the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 and the auxiliary connecting rod base 17, and then, the engine oil can be supplied to the cooling oil cavity of the metal test piston 22 through the structures such as the piston hose 19, the oil supply through hole 213 inside the guide piston 21 and the like, so that the heat flow analysis test is completed.
Referring to fig. 9 in conjunction with fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the piston heat transfer test apparatus 100 may be specifically configured to further include a lubrication system including a lubrication oil supply pipe 80, an internal lubrication pipe 81, a lubrication nozzle 82, and an oil filling chamber 83. Because the piston of the marine diesel engine is applicable to the application, the test device has larger volume and weight, and a plurality of key parts have larger size and bear larger load, the key friction pair parts need to be subjected to forced lubrication, and oil lubrication is preferably adopted; the lubrication mechanism is used for lubricating the main friction pair part and mainly comprises three parts: 1) The matching part of the guide piston 21 and the cylinder sleeve 1, namely the cylinder part, is lubricated by adopting a mode of opening an oil injection hole on the cylinder sleeve and installing an oil injection cavity 83 outside the cylinder sleeve, wherein the diameter of the oil injection hole is phi 1.5, engine oil is firstly supplied to four oil injection cavities 83 at the periphery of the cylinder sleeve, after pressure stabilization, the engine oil flows through the oil injection holes formed in the cylinder sleeve and then enters the inner side of the cylinder sleeve, and the friction surface of the guide piston and the cylinder sleeve is lubricated; 2) The gears in the dynamic balance system adopt a nozzle oil spraying lubrication mode, namely a gear lubrication nozzle 82 is fixed on a rack near the gears, so as to lubricate the gear engagement surface by oil spraying; 3) The lubrication of the main shaft bearings (not shown) and the balance shaft bearings (not shown) adopts a nozzle oil spraying lubrication mode, an internal lubrication pipeline 81 is arranged on the supporting seat 27, and a nozzle is fixed near the bearings to lubricate the needle rollers of the bearings through oil spraying.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting, but rather to the invention, and that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A piston heat transfer test apparatus (100), comprising:
a cylinder liner (1);
the piston (2) is positioned in the cylinder sleeve (1);
the motion mechanism (3) is connected with the piston (2) and can drive the piston (2) to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve (1);
a heating measurement assembly (4) comprising a heating assembly (41) and a temperature measurement assembly (42); the heating assembly (41) comprises a heating disc (411) and a cover (412), and the cover (412) is covered on the top of the piston (2); the heating disc (411) is fixedly connected with the top of the piston (2), a gap (413) is formed between the cover (412) and the heating disc (411), and at least part of the gap (413) is filled with heat insulation materials; the heating disc (411) and the top of the piston (2) are provided with heat conduction materials for conducting heat; the top of the cover (412) and the piston (2) are sealed by a sealing piece (44); the temperature measuring assembly (42) comprises a thermocouple, the thermocouple is arranged in a pore canal (201) of the piston (2), a groove (202) is formed in the outer side of the pore canal (201), and the thermocouple is used for directly measuring the heat flow in the piston in the process of cooling oil cavity oscillation; a link wire mechanism (5) comprising a bracket (51) and a link assembly (52); the connecting rod assembly (52) comprises a first connecting rod (521), a second connecting rod (522) and a first joint assembly (523), the first connecting rod (521) is pivoted with a first connecting rod base (531), the relative positions of the first connecting rod base (531) and the piston (2) are fixed, the first connecting rod (521) and the second connecting rod (522) are connected through the first joint assembly (523), and the second connecting rod (522) is pivoted with the bracket (51) through a second connecting rod base (532); wherein the wires (6) are distributed along the first connecting rod (521) and the second connecting rod (522), and have a movement allowance at the corresponding position of the first joint component (523); the first connecting rod base (531) is fixedly connected with the cover (412); -the second link base (532) has a height higher than the first articulation assembly (523) such that the second link (522) has a height higher than the first link (521);
wherein the connecting rod assembly (52) can move along with the reciprocating motion of the piston (2), the lead wires (6) connected with the heating assembly (41) and/or the temperature measuring assembly (42) are distributed on the connecting rod assembly (52), and the lead wires (6) can move along with the movement of the connecting rod assembly (52).
2. The piston heat transfer testing apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the heating plate (411) is disposed in the top-defining space (40) of the cover (412) and the piston (2) to heat the piston (2).
3. The piston heat transfer test apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the first link (521) and the second link (522) have an i-shape, and a width dimension of the i-shape is larger than a height dimension of the i-shape.
4. The piston heat transfer testing apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the first link (521) is pivotally connected to a first link base (531), the first link (521) is connected to the second link (522) by the first joint assembly (523), and the second link (522) is pivotally connected to the bracket (51) by a second link base (532) in a configuration in which a shaft pin is coupled to a bearing.
5. The piston heat transfer testing apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the wires of the heating assembly (41) and the wires of the temperature measuring assembly (42) are disposed in opposite directions.
6. The piston heat transfer testing apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the bracket (51) comprises a first upright tube (511) and a second upright tube (512), the first upright tube (511) having a larger diameter than the second upright tube (512), the first upright tube (511) having reinforcing ribs (513) at its periphery, the second upright tube (512) being connected to the connecting rod assembly (52).
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| CN202111589070.1A CN114279711B (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Piston heat transfer test device |
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