CN114279711A - Piston heat transfer test device - Google Patents
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- CN114279711A CN114279711A CN202111589070.1A CN202111589070A CN114279711A CN 114279711 A CN114279711 A CN 114279711A CN 202111589070 A CN202111589070 A CN 202111589070A CN 114279711 A CN114279711 A CN 114279711A
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Abstract
The invention provides a piston heat transfer test device, comprising: a cylinder liner; a piston located within the cylinder liner; the moving mechanism is connected with the piston and can drive the piston to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve; the heating measurement assembly comprises a heating assembly and a temperature measurement assembly; the connecting rod lead mechanism comprises a bracket and a connecting rod assembly; wherein the connecting rod assembly is movable with the reciprocating motion of the piston, and a wire connected with the heating assembly and/or the temperature measuring assembly is distributed on the connecting rod assembly, and the wire is movable with the movement of the connecting rod assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engine tests, in particular to a piston heat transfer test device.
Background
The diesel engine has the advantages of strong dynamic property, good economical efficiency, high reliability and the like, is widely applied to the fields of national defense and military industry, road traffic, engineering machinery and the like, and particularly occupies a leading position in the ship transportation industry. Along with the continuous promotion of the power per liter and the strengthening degree of the diesel engine, the failure of key parts such as a piston, a cylinder cover and the like can be greatly improved, and higher requirements are provided for the reliability of the key parts of the diesel engine for ensuring the working reliability and durability of the diesel engine.
As one of the most important parts of a diesel engine, a piston plays a crucial role in converting thermal energy instantaneously exploded in a combustion system into mechanical energy, and then outputting work to the outside through a connecting rod crank mechanism. The highest temperature of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber can reach 2300-2500 ℃, the highest pressure of the fuel gas exceeds 25MPa, and the high-temperature combustion chamber is used in a severe working environment, so that the high-temperature combustion chamber can bear high mechanical load and high thermal load. The heat load of the piston of the marine high-power diesel engine is more serious, and when the cooling of the piston is insufficient, a series of problems such as sticking, local breakage or crack of the piston, top ablation, fatigue damage and the like are easily caused between the piston and the cylinder. In order to improve the reliability and durability of the diesel engine piston, an effective cooling structure design is carried out on the piston, and the intensity and the distribution of heat flow are measured. The piston is positioned in the engine, and the oscillation cooling capacity in the cooling cavity of the piston cannot be directly measured in an actual engine, so that the heat transfer test bench is often designed and built for piston oscillation cooling test research to carry out related research.
However, the inventor finds that the existing piston oscillation cooling test bench technology cannot meet the requirements of piston oscillation cooling tests of engines with large cylinder diameter, high thermal load, long stroke motion range and large motion inertia force in the process of completing the application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat transfer test device for a piston.
A piston heat transfer test apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a cylinder liner; a piston located within the cylinder liner; the moving mechanism is connected with the piston and can drive the piston to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve; the heating measurement assembly comprises a heating assembly and a temperature measurement assembly; the connecting rod lead mechanism comprises a bracket and a connecting rod assembly; wherein the connecting rod assembly is movable with the reciprocating motion of the piston, and a wire connected with the heating assembly and/or the temperature measuring assembly is distributed on the connecting rod assembly, and the wire is movable with the movement of the connecting rod assembly.
Among the technical scheme of this application embodiment, through setting up connecting rod lead wire mechanism, to with test device's heating element and/or the wire that temperature measurement subassembly is connected guides, makes it still can keep reliable distribution under the long, the big experimental environment of inertial force of stroke motion range, avoids appearing the wire not hard up, knot or even cracked condition, has guaranteed the reliability of test process and test data.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus, the heating assembly includes a heating plate and a cover, the cover is disposed on the top of the piston, and the heating plate is disposed in a space defined between the cover and the top of the piston to heat the piston.
The piston is heated by the heating assembly consisting of the heating cover and the heating plate, so that the conditions of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation are avoided, and the reliability of test data and the safety of the test are ensured.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test device, the heating plate is fixedly connected with the top of the piston, a gap is formed between the cover and the heating plate, and at least part of the gap is filled with a heat insulating material; the heating plate and the top of the piston are provided with heat conducting substances for conducting heat; the cover has a seal with the top of the piston.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, and a first joint assembly, the first connecting rod is pivotally connected to a first connecting rod base, the first connecting rod base is fixed in position relative to the piston, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are connected by the first joint assembly, and the second connecting rod is pivotally connected to the bracket by a second connecting rod base; the conducting wires are distributed along the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, and movement allowance is formed at the position corresponding to the first joint component; the first connecting rod base is fixedly connected with the cover.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the height of the second connecting rod base is higher than the height of the first joint assembly, so that the height of the second connecting rod is higher than the height of the first connecting rod.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing device, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are in an i-shaped structure, and the dimension of the i-shaped structure in the width direction is larger than the dimension of the i-shaped structure in the height direction. In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus, the first connecting rod is pivotally connected to a first connecting rod base, the first connecting rod is connected to the second connecting rod through the first joint assembly, and the second connecting rod is pivotally connected to the bracket through a second connecting rod base, and a structure that a shaft pin is matched with a bearing is adopted.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus, the temperature measuring assembly includes a thermocouple, the thermocouple is disposed in a hole of the piston, and a groove is formed in an outer side of the hole.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus, the leads of the heating assembly and the leads of the temperature measuring assembly are disposed in opposite directions.
In one or more specific embodiments of the piston heat transfer test apparatus, the bracket includes a first pillar tube having a larger diameter than a second pillar tube, the first pillar tube having reinforcing ribs on an outer periphery thereof, and the second pillar tube being connected to the connecting rod assembly.
Drawings
The above and other features, nature, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the drawings, it being noted that the drawings are exemplary only, are not drawn to scale, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention as it is actually claimed, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston heat transfer test apparatus according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2A is a schematic top view of an embodiment of a piston with a heating plate.
FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a piston with a heating assembly.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston and a motion mechanism according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4A is a schematic structural diagram of a piston according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4B is a front view of an embodiment of a piston.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a connection configuration of a first joint assembly according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an I-shaped first link according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wire layout according to one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil supply mechanism according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a balancing system and a lubrication system according to an embodiment.
Reference numerals:
100-piston heat transfer test unit;
1-cylinder sleeve;
2-piston, 201-channel, 202-groove;
21-guide piston, 211-external thread, 212-pressure stabilizing cavity, 213-oil supply through hole;
22-metal test piston, 220-cooling cavity, 221-first cooling cavity, 222-second cooling cavity, 223-cooling cavity oil outlet, 224-cooling cavity oil inlet;
3-a motion mechanism;
4-heating the measuring assembly;
41-heating component, 411-heating plate, 412-cover, 4121-cover mounting hole, 4122-first ring groove, 413-gap;
42-a temperature measuring assembly;
40-confined space, 43-screw, 44-seal;
5-link wire leading mechanism;
51-bracket, 511-first upright post pipe, 512-second upright post pipe, 513-reinforced rib plate;
52-connecting rod component, 521-first connecting rod, 522-second connecting rod;
523-first joint component, 5231-needle bearing, 5232-pin;
531-first link base, 532-second link base;
6-wire, 61-heating assembly wire, 610-heating assembly wire hole, 62-temperature measuring assembly wire;
7-base, 701-internal thread, 702-base ring groove;
8-a main link;
9-a flywheel;
13-a first oil supply pipe, 14-an oil supply pin shaft, 15-a first auxiliary connecting rod, 16-a second auxiliary connecting rod and 17-an auxiliary connecting rod base;
18-rigid tube, 181-anchor ear;
19-flexible tube assembly, 191-coupling flexible tube, 192-coupling rigid tube, 193-short flexible tube;
24-balance shaft, 25-balance weight;
26-gear set, 261-main gear, 262-transition gear, 263-first order balance gear, 264-second order balance gear;
27-a support seat, 28-a cylinder sleeve support frame, 29-a first rack, 30-a second rack, 31-a third rack and 32-a bottom plate;
80-lubricating oil supply pipe, 81-internal lubricating pipeline, 82-lubricating nozzle and 83-oil injection cavity.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that this description is not intended to limit the invention to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover not only these exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In the description that follows, an orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", or other orientation terms is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is for convenience only to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify description, but does not indicate or imply that the referenced device or component must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Also, this application uses specific language to describe embodiments of the application. Such as "some embodiments" or "some embodiments" may refer to a feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "some embodiments" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of some embodiments of the application may be combined as appropriate.
At present, a piston oscillation cooling test bed is suitable for a vehicle piston with a smaller cylinder diameter, but for an engine with a large cylinder diameter, a high thermal load, a long stroke motion range and a large inertia force, such as a piston of a marine diesel engine, in the prior art, only partial simulation schemes such as a reduced scale can be adopted, and the heat transfer characteristics of the actual piston cannot be truly reflected
The inventor of the application finds that for a marine diesel engine with large cylinder diameter, high thermal load, long stroke motion range and large inertia force, a piston oscillation cooling test bed can face the problems of unstable test, poor safety and insufficient data reliability. Further studies have found that the main reasons include: under the test conditions of long stroke motion range and large inertia force, the lead connected with the heating assembly and/or the temperature measuring assembly of the test device is loosened, knotted or even broken, so that the reliability of the test process and test data is influenced; in addition, because the heat transfer capacity is large, under the test condition that the size of the piston is large, the heating assembly of the test device has the conditions of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation, and the reliability of test data and the safety of the test are influenced.
Based on the consideration, the inventor designs a piston heat transfer test device through deep research, guides a wire connected with a heating assembly of the test device and/or a temperature measurement assembly by arranging a connecting rod lead mechanism, so that the wire still can be reliably distributed in a test environment with a long stroke motion range and large inertia force, the conditions of loosening, knotting and even breaking of the wire are avoided, and the reliability of the test process and test data is ensured. In addition, the piston is heated by the heating assembly consisting of the heating cover and the heating plate, so that the conditions of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation are avoided, and the reliability of test data and the safety of the test are ensured.
The piston heat transfer test apparatus disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is applied to a piston heat transfer test of a marine diesel engine having a large cylinder diameter, a high thermal load, a long stroke motion range, and a large inertia force, to achieve an effect of improving the reliability of the test, but is not limited thereto, and may be applied to other engines, for example, diesel engines of heavy vehicles and railroad trains, and may also be applied to other internal combustion engines, for example, engines using mixed fuels, for example, methanol-diesel engines, as long as the piston oscillation cooling test can be performed using the piston heat transfer test apparatus disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the piston heat transfer testing device 100 may be, including a cylinder sleeve 1, a piston 2, a moving mechanism 3, a heating measuring assembly 4, and a connecting rod lead mechanism 5. And the piston 2 is positioned in the cylinder sleeve 1. The moving mechanism 3 is connected with the piston 2 and can drive the piston 2 to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve 1. The heating measuring assembly 4 comprises a heating assembly 41 and a temperature measuring assembly 42. The connecting rod lead mechanism 5 comprises a bracket 51 and a connecting rod assembly 52, wherein the connecting rod assembly 52 can move along with the reciprocating motion of the piston 2, a lead 6 connected with the heating assembly 41 and/or the temperature measuring assembly 42 is distributed on the connecting rod assembly 52, and the lead 6 can move along with the motion of the connecting rod assembly 52.
The heating measuring assembly 4 is here located on the piston 2.
The lead 6 may also extend from the connecting rod assembly 52 to the bracket 51.
The piston 2 here is generally a combined piston for a piston of a marine diesel engine, i.e., a combination of a first piston and a second piston similar to an actual marine diesel engine. As shown in fig. 3, for example, a guide piston 21 and a metal test piston 22 may be included, the guide piston 21 performs a guiding and supporting function, and the metal test piston 22 performs a heat transfer and measurement function. The upper end of the guide piston 21 is provided with a metal test piston 22, the lower end of the guide piston is connected with the motion mechanism 3, and the guide piston 21 is movably contacted with the cylinder sleeve 1. The combined piston reciprocates in the cylinder liner 1, and the engine oil makes an oscillating, impinging flow in the cooling chamber 220 of the metal test piston 22.
The embodiment introduced above has the advantages that by arranging the connecting rod lead mechanism, the lead connected with the heating assembly of the testing device and/or the temperature measuring assembly is guided, so that the lead can still be reliably distributed in the testing environment with long stroke motion range and large inertia force, the situations of lead loosening, knotting and even breakage are avoided, and the reliability of the testing process and the testing data is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2B, in some embodiments, the heating assembly 41 may include a heating plate 411 and a cover 412, the cover 412 is disposed on the top of the piston 2, and the heating plate 411 is disposed on the cover 412 and the top of the piston 2 to define the space 40 for heating the piston 2.
The heating plate 411 here can be a mica heating plate, which can effectively improve the heating density and the heating uniformity of the piston 2, and the mica heating plate is fastened above the piston 2 through a screw 43.
Here, the cover 412 is fixedly coupled to the piston 2 by means of screw threads, and as shown in fig. 2A, the top outer edge of the piston 2 has a plurality of cover mounting holes 4121.
The beneficial effect that heating element 41 so set up lies in, mainly used improves test device's security performance, because there is more machine oil mist around the piston in the experimentation, for the security that improves test device, prevents that test device from catching fire, heating plate top design housing. Through the housing, can wrap up mica heating plate in the housing, prevent that the hot plate direct contact of machine oil mist and mica heating plate from arousing the conflagration. Another function of the cover is to avoid heat loss from the heating plate, which is beneficial to accurately calculate the heating power of the piston and to ensure uniform heating. The piston is heated by the heating assembly consisting of the heating cover and the heating plate, so that the conditions of large heat loss, uneven heat transfer and easy fire initiation are avoided, and the reliability of test data and the safety of the test are ensured. With continued reference to fig. 2B, in some embodiments, the heating plate 411 may be fixedly connected to the top of the piston 2, and the cover 412 and the heating plate 411 have a gap 413 therebetween, and at least a portion of the gap 413 may be filled with a heat insulating material. The heating plate 411 has a heat conductive substance to conduct heat with the top of the piston 2. The cover 412 has a seal 44 with the top of the piston 2.
Here, the seal 44 may be an O-ring, and a first ring groove 4122 is formed in a contact surface between the head cover 412 and the piston 2, and the O-ring is placed in the first ring groove 4122 to prevent oil leakage.
The heat conducting substance can be silica gel heat conducting glue and has good heat conductivity.
The heating assembly 41 of the embodiment has the beneficial effects that the heat insulation material is filled between the cover 412 and the heating plate 411 for heat insulation, so that the cover can be effectively prevented from being overheated, and a local hot spot is generated, thereby forming a potential safety hazard. A heat conductive material is provided between the heating plate 411 and the piston 2 to guide the heat flow to be propagated downward and to be better propagated to the piston, so that the heat accumulation of the heating plate can be prevented, thereby burning the heating plate. The provision of the seal 44 is effective to prevent oil entering the confined space 40 from coking under the heating of the heating pan.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the link wire mechanism 5 may specifically include a first link 521, a second link 522, and a first joint assembly 523, where the first link 521 is pivotally connected to a first link base 531, the first link base 531 is fixed relative to the piston 2, the first link 521 is connected to the second link 522 by the first joint assembly 523, and the second link 522 is pivotally connected to the bracket 51 by a second link base 532. The lead 6 is distributed along the first link 521 and the second link 522, and has a movement margin at a position corresponding to the first joint component 523. The first link base 531 is fixedly connected to the cover 412 so that the wire 6 is led out from the inside of the piston 2 to the link assembly 52 and moves with the piston 2.
Here, the relative position of the first link base 531 and the piston 2 is fixed, and a specific example may be that as shown in fig. 1, the first link base 531 is fixedly connected to the cover 412, specifically, fixedly connected to a screw, the cover 412 is fixedly connected to the piston 2, the first link base 531 is pivotally connected to the first link 521, and the first link 521 moves along with the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 through the first link base 531.
The lead 6 may also extend from the second link base 532 to the bracket 51 as needed, and has a movement margin at a position corresponding to the second link base 532. The wires 6 can also be fixed at distributed positions and angles by using PVC insulating tapes, so that the wires are prevented from moving along with the connecting rod assembly 52 to cause mutual interference or damage.
The beneficial effect of leaving movement allowance at the bending part of the joint component is that in the process of high-speed operation of the test device, only small relative movement exists between all the leads, including the part at the joint, and the connecting rod component, the shearing force generated by the small relative movement is relatively small, and only a slight torsional movement exists, so that fatigue fracture caused by frequent bending is avoided, and the piston is continuously and stably heated and data are rapidly acquired during the high-speed operation of the test device.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the linkage assembly 52 may also be such that the height of the second link base 532 is higher than the height of the first joint assembly 523, such that the height of the second link 522 is higher than the first link 521. The beneficial effect who so sets up lies in, can avoid losing efficacy such as the link assembly polarization that leads to because gravity and motion inertia effect, improves the reliability and the stability of connecting rod lead wire mechanism.
Referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the connecting rod assembly 52 may further include an i-shaped structure, and the dimension of the i-shaped structure in the width W direction is greater than the dimension of the i-shaped structure in the height H direction.
The i-shape, i.e. a similar shape as shown in fig. 6, is here used to denote the shape by "i" and a similar expression is also used, e.g. an "i-steel" as is common to the person skilled in the art. The height dimension of both ends of connecting rod all is greater than the height dimension of connecting rod middle part.
The beneficial effect that so sets up lies in, not only can increase link assembly's stability and reliability, reduces the polarization, can also reduce the quality of connecting rod to reduce the sliding inertia of piston, and make the material exert efficiency more, improve and hold the sanction ability.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the height of the link lead mechanism 5, the length of the first link 521 and the second link 522 are designed and adjusted according to actual needs to reduce the swing amplitude at each joint, thereby reducing the degree of twisting of the wire to prevent wire failure.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the link assembly 52 may further include a first link 521 pivotally connected to the first link base 531, a first link 521 connected to the second link 522 by the first joint assembly 523, and a second link 522 pivotally connected to the bracket 51 by the second link base 531, wherein the pivotal connection/connection structure adopts a structure in which a pivot pin is matched with a bearing.
The structure of the shaft pin and the bearing matching here may be, for example, as shown in fig. 5, at the joint of the first joint assembly 523, the connection of the first link 521 and the second link 522 depends on the needle bearing 50, the first link 521 is movably connected with the bearing and fixed with the outer ring of the needle bearing 5231, the second link 522 is fixed with the inner ring of the needle bearing 5231 by the pin 5232, and the pin 5232 is fixed at both ends by a cotter pin and a fixing pin, respectively, to limit the axial movement of the pin 5232.
The beneficial effect that so sets up lies in, thereby can make each part center of link assembly lie in the coplanar so as to avoid the motion of piston to produce axial inertial force to junction bearing, thereby guarantee that wire 6 does not twist reverse, guarantee test device's reliability.
Referring to fig. 4A and 4B, in some embodiments, the heating measuring assembly 4 may have a specific structure that the temperature measuring assembly 42 includes a thermocouple disposed in the bore 201 of the piston 2, and a groove 202 is formed outside the bore 201. The opening positions of the duct 201 and the groove 202 are provided, specifically, the duct 201 is provided at the upper side of the middle part of the piston 2, the groove 202 is provided at the positions of the duct 201 at the two sides of the periphery of the piston 2, and the opening degree of the groove 202 is 120 °. So can realize under the condition that does not influence piston reciprocating motion, directly measure the inside heat flux of cooling oil cavity oscillation in-process piston through the thermocouple, the thermocouple reaction is sensitive, can realize quick accurate measurement.
Referring to fig. 7 in conjunction with fig. 6, the specific structure of the wire 6 may be such that the wire 61 of the heating unit 41 and the wire 62 of the temperature measuring unit 42 are disposed in opposite directions. The opposite direction here may be, for example, as shown in fig. 7, where the heating assembly wire 61 and the temperature measuring assembly wire 62 are respectively located on both sides of the H direction of the i-shaped second link 522. The beneficial effect that so sets up lies in, can effectively prevent the high pressure of heating element wire 61 to measuring signal's interference, makes the measuring result more accurate.
In addition, the number of the heating assembly wires 61 and the temperature measuring assembly wires 62 can be 1 or more respectively, the heating assembly wires 61 are led out of the heating assembly 41 from a heating assembly wire hole 610 on the heating assembly 41 as shown in fig. 2A and enter the connecting rod lead mechanism 5, and the temperature measuring assembly wires 62 are led out of the piston 2 from a hole 201 as shown in fig. 4A and enter the connecting rod lead mechanism 5. All the wires 6 are sleeved with metal outer sheaths, so that signal interference can be prevented, certain rigidity of the wires 6 can be ensured, and the wires are not easy to damage.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the bracket 51 may have a specific structure including a first pillar tube 511 and a second pillar tube 512, the first pillar tube 511 has a larger diameter than the second pillar tube 512, the first pillar tube 512 has a reinforcing rib 513 at an outer periphery thereof, and the second pillar tube 512 is connected to the connecting rod assembly 52. Here, the first and second stand pipes 511 and 512 may be, for example, steel pipes of seamless structure. The first upright tube 511 is fixed on a separate T-shaped groove bottom plate through foundation bolts, the first upright tube 511 and the second upright tube 512 are welded and fixed together indirectly through welding small-sized reinforcing plates, and the periphery of the bottom of the first upright tube 511 is welded with a reinforcing rib plate 513 with larger size. So set up and to make the support have very high structural strength and stability, can stand the violent motion of piston, especially to the marine engine piston's that the bore is big, stroke motion range is long, inertial force is big test for link assembly can not rock easily, further improves the reliability and the stability of link lead wire mechanism.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the piston 2 may be a combined piston, the metal test piston 22 and the guide piston 21 are fixed by the base 7, the metal test piston 22 is connected with the base 7 by bolts, the joint surface is coated with two-fluid mixed hardened glue, the base 7 has internal threads 701 in the middle, which are matched with the external threads 211 in the center of the upper part of the guide piston 21, and the joint surface is provided with a base ring groove 702, an O-ring is embedded for sealing to prevent engine oil from seeping out, and a pressure stabilizing cavity 212 is provided between the guide piston 21 and the base 7. The cooling cavity 220 structure in the metal test piston 22 simulates a double cooling cavity structure of a real marine high-power diesel engine piston and comprises a first cooling cavity 221 and a second cooling cavity 222 which are communicated, a cooling cavity oil outlet 223 is arranged in the center of the lower end of the middle of the metal test piston 22, the cooling cavity oil outlet 223 is communicated with the first cooling cavity 221, and four cooling cavity oil inlets 224 are arranged on the lower portion of the metal test piston 22. Two sides of the piston pin boss of the guide piston 3 are provided with two oil supply through holes 213 from bottom to top, and the engine oil is supplied into a pressure stabilizing cavity 212 between the guide piston 21 and the base 7 through the oil supply through holes 213 and then enters a second cooling cavity 222 from four oil inlets 224 of the metal test piston 22. The metal test piston 22 can be made of 2A70 aluminum alloy, has high thermal conductivity and heat resistance, and can quickly obtain the value and change of the heat flow of the piston through a thermocouple, thereby improving the test efficiency and precision.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus 100 may further include a supporting mechanism, specifically including a supporting seat 27, a cylinder sleeve supporting frame 28, a first frame 29, a second frame 30, a third frame 31, and a bottom plate 32, where the bracket 51 is located outside the supporting mechanism. Wherein, the supporting seat 27 is fixed on the bottom plate 32 through the bolt, and does not directly contact with the shell of the third frame 31, so that the vibration generated by the operation of the moving mechanism 3 can be transmitted to the bottom plate 32 through the supporting seat 27 to the maximum extent, and further transmitted to the ground, thereby reducing the vibration of the supporting mechanism, further improving the operation stability of the whole testing device, and reducing the noise. The supporting mechanism plays a role in supporting and protecting, the whole testing device adopts a sectional type, the testing device has the advantages that the testing device is convenient to disassemble and has high universality, when the reciprocating motion mode of pistons of different types of diesel engines is simulated and the length of a connecting rod needs to be changed, only the second rack 30 needs to be integrally replaced, and other rack parts are still universal.
Referring to fig. 1 in conjunction with fig. 9, in some embodiments, the motion mechanism 3 includes a variable frequency motor (not shown), a flywheel 9, a crankshaft (not shown), and a main connecting rod 8, which are connected in sequence. The variable frequency motor is controlled by a frequency converter, the rotating speed required by the test can be set, the rotating speed can be adjusted from 0 to 5000 rpm at most, the common rotating speed range of the marine high-power diesel engine is covered, and the variable frequency motor is supported by a motor support, so that the axis of a motor shaft and a crankshaft are at the same height, and the motor shaft and the crankshaft are conveniently connected by a universal coupling. The variable frequency motor drives the crankshaft and the flywheel 9 to rotate through the universal coupling, the flywheel 9 is arranged on one side close to the motor and is connected with the crankshaft through the flange, so that the rotational inertia can be stored, and the running stability is improved. The big end of the main connecting rod 8 is connected with the crankshaft through the crank pin, the small end is connected with the piston 2 through the piston pin, and the rotary motion of the crankshaft is converted into the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 through the main connecting rod 8. The right side of the crankshaft is connected with the flywheel 9 through a flange and a bolt, the left side of the crankshaft is connected with the main gear 261, and the whole balance system is driven to operate through the main gear 261; further, the bent axle adopts the sectional type processing, divide into crank pin and control crank about with, adopts the bolt hookup between crank and the crank pin, and this kind of sectional type bent axle form is favorable to carrying out quick replacement according to the diesel engine structure of difference, promotes test device's commonality.
Further, referring to fig. 1 in combination with fig. 9, in some embodiments, the motion mechanism 3 further includes a dynamic balance system, specifically including a balance shaft 24, a balance weight 25, and a gear set 26. Wherein the gear set 26 comprises a main gear 261, a transition gear 262, two first-order balance gears 263, two second-order balance gears 264, wherein the main gear 261 is engaged with the first-order and second-order balance gears through the transition gear 262; the balance gears respectively drive a balance shaft 24 to rotate, the balance weight 25 is fixed on the balance shaft 24 through bolts and rotates along with the balance shaft 24, and the first-order reciprocating inertia force and the second-order reciprocating inertia force and the inertia moment generated by the movement of the piston 2 are counteracted through the rotating inertia force generated by the rotation of the balance weight 25.
Referring to fig. 8 in conjunction with fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus 100 may be that the apparatus includes an oil supply mechanism, and the oil supply mechanism includes a first oil supply pipe 13, an oil supply pin 14, a first secondary connecting rod 15, a second secondary connecting rod 16, a secondary connecting rod base 17, a rigid pipe 18, and a flexible pipe assembly 19. "rigid" and "flexible" are relative terms herein, and not absolutely, rigid tube 18 is meant to be made of a relatively rigid material, such as metal, while flexible tube is made of a relatively flexible material, such as rubber, plastic, etc. Wherein, the oil supply pin 14 is connected with the first frame 29; the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 are movably connected, communicated oil passages are formed in the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, engine oil flows through the oil passages of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, and the engine oil can move relatively and can flow through the joints by adopting an oil hole and oil groove matching mode from the connecting joints of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16. The rigid pipe 18 is fixed on the main connecting rod 8 through the hoop 181 and moves together with the main connecting rod 8; the flexible tube assembly 19 is used to connect the rigid tube 18 and the oil supply through hole 213 of the pilot piston 21.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the flexible tube assembly 19 includes a coupling flexible tube 191, a coupling rigid tube 192, and a short flexible tube 193. For the oil supply through hole 213 near the rigid tube 18, the rigid tube 18 and the oil supply through hole 213 are connected directly by the short flexible tube 193; as for the oil supply through hole 213 which is distant from the rigid tube 18, the rigid tube 18 and the oil supply through hole 213 are connected by a coupling flexible tube 191, a coupling rigid tube 192 and a short flexible tube 193 which are connected in this order, wherein the coupling rigid tube 192 is fixed to the main link 8. The short flexible pipe 193 has high strength, good elasticity and high scalability, can swing within a certain range, and meanwhile, the short flexible pipe is made into a forming pipe according to the relative motion rule of the piston connecting rod, has short length of 10 cm-15 cm, can reduce the bending degree caused by the relative motion of the piston connecting rod, thereby improving the rotating speed of the testing device. During operation, engine oil enters the inside of the frame formed by the first frame 29, the second frame 30 and the third frame 31 from the first oil supply pipe 13, and respectively flows through the oil supply pin 14, the first auxiliary connecting rod 15, the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, the auxiliary connecting rod base 17, the rigid pipe 18, the connecting flexible pipe 191, the connecting rigid pipe 192, the short flexible pipe 193, the oil supply through hole 213 inside the guide piston 21, the pressure stabilizing cavity 212 and the cooling cavity oil inlet 224 to be supplied to the cooling cavity inside the metal test piston 22, and then sequentially flows through the second cooling cavity 222 and the first cooling cavity 221, flows out from the cooling cavity outlet 223 and falls into the oil pan at the lower part of the test device 100.
The specific oil supply mode of the oil supply mechanism is as follows: after the engine oil supplied to the cooling oil cavity of the piston is pressurized in a bypass oil supply system outside the rack of the test device, the engine oil flows through a first oil supply pipe 13 and is supplied into the rack, and firstly enters an oil supply pin shaft through an oil supply pin shaft 14; when the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 move along with the main connecting rod 8, the matching part of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the oil supply pin 14 moves relatively, but engine oil can always enter an oil groove at the matching part of the oil supply pin 14 and the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 through an oil outlet on the oil supply pin 14, and then can enter a hollow oil passage of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15. Then, the engine oil flows through the oil passage of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and is supplied to the oil groove at the matching part of the first auxiliary connecting rod 15 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 16, similarly, when the matching part between the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 and the second auxiliary connecting rod 15 moves relatively, the engine oil can always enter the hollow oil passage of the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 through the oil hole at the matching part of the two, then the engine oil flows through the hollow oil passage of the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 and is supplied to the oil groove at the matching part of the second auxiliary connecting rod 16 and the auxiliary connecting rod base 17, then the engine oil can be supplied to the rigid pipe 18 through the auxiliary connecting rod base 17 and further supplied to the cooling oil cavity of the metal test piston 22 through the structures of the piston hose 19 and the oil supply through hole 213 inside the guide piston 21, and the heat flow analysis test is completed.
Referring to fig. 9 in conjunction with fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the specific structure of the piston heat transfer testing apparatus 100 may further include a lubricating system, including a lubricating oil supply pipe 80, an internal lubricating pipeline 81, a lubricating nozzle 82, and an oil filling cavity 83. Because the piston of the marine diesel engine, such as the applicable test device, has larger volume and weight, and a plurality of key parts have larger size and bear larger load, a forced lubrication mode is required to be adopted for key friction pair parts, and oil lubrication is preferably adopted; the lubrication mechanism mainly comprises three parts for lubricating the main friction pair part: 1) the matching part of the guide piston 21 and the cylinder sleeve 1, namely the cylinder part, is lubricated by adopting a mode of opening an oil injection hole on the cylinder sleeve and installing an oil injection cavity 83 on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve, the diameter of the oil injection hole is phi 1.5, engine oil is firstly supplied into the four oil injection cavities 83 on the periphery of the cylinder sleeve, flows through the oil injection hole on the cylinder sleeve after pressure stabilization and then reaches the inner side of the cylinder sleeve, and the friction surface of the guide piston and the cylinder sleeve is lubricated; 2) the gears in the dynamic balance system adopt a nozzle oil injection lubrication mode, namely, a gear lubrication nozzle 82 is fixed on a rack near the gears to lubricate oil injection on the meshing surfaces of the gears; 3) the main shaft bearing (not shown in the figure) and each balance shaft bearing (not shown in the figure) are lubricated by adopting a nozzle oil injection lubrication mode, an internal lubrication pipeline 81 is arranged on the supporting seat 27, and the nozzle is fixed near the bearing to lubricate oil injection at the needle roller of the bearing.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention, and variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A piston heat transfer test apparatus (100), comprising:
a cylinder liner (1);
the piston (2) is positioned in the cylinder sleeve (1);
the moving mechanism (3) is connected with the piston (2) and can drive the piston (2) to reciprocate along the cylinder sleeve (1);
a heating measuring assembly (4) comprising a heating assembly (41) and a temperature measuring assembly (42);
a link lead mechanism (5) including a bracket (51) and a link assembly (52);
wherein the connecting rod assembly (52) can move along with the reciprocating motion of the piston (2), and a lead (6) connected with the heating assembly (41) and/or the temperature measuring assembly (42) is distributed on the connecting rod assembly (52), and the lead (6) can move along with the movement of the connecting rod assembly (52).
2. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly (41) comprises a heating plate (411) and a cover (412), the cover (412) is arranged on the top of the piston (2) in a covering mode, and the heating plate (411) is arranged on the cover (412) and the top of the piston (2) to limit a space (40) so as to heat the piston (2).
3. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 2, characterized in that the heating plate (411) is fixedly connected with the top of the piston (2), a gap (42) is arranged between the cover (412) and the heating plate (411), and at least part of the gap (42) is filled with a heat insulating material; the heating plate (411) and the top of the piston (2) are provided with heat conducting substances for conducting heat; the cover (412) has a seal (44) to seal with the top of the piston (2).
4. The piston heat transfer test device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the connecting rod assembly (52) comprises a first connecting rod (521), a second connecting rod (522) and a first joint assembly (523), the first connecting rod (521) is pivoted with a first connecting rod base (531), the relative position of the first connecting rod base (531) and the piston (2) is fixed, the first connecting rod (521) and the second connecting rod (522) are connected through the first joint assembly (523), and the second connecting rod (522) is pivoted with the bracket (51) through a second connecting rod base (532); wherein the lead (6) is distributed along the first link (521) and the second link (522) and has a movement allowance at a position corresponding to the first joint component (523); the first link base (531) is fixedly connected with the cover (412).
5. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 4, characterized in that the height of the second link base (532) is higher than the height of the first joint assembly (523) such that the height of the second link (522) is higher than the height of the first link (521).
6. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 4, wherein the first connecting rod (521) and the second connecting rod (522) are in an I-shape, and the dimension of the I-shape in the width direction is larger than the dimension of the I-shape in the height direction.
7. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 4, wherein the first connecting rod (521) is pivoted with a first connecting rod base (531), the first connecting rod (521) is connected with the second connecting rod (522) through the first joint component (523), and the second connecting rod (522) is pivoted with the bracket (51) through the second connecting rod base (531), and a pivot pin and a bearing are matched.
8. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 2, characterized in that the temperature measuring assembly (42) comprises a thermocouple, the thermocouple is arranged in the duct (201) of the piston (2), and a groove (202) is formed on the outer side of the duct (201).
9. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 1, wherein the leads of the heating assembly (41) and the leads of the temperature measuring assembly (42) are disposed in opposite directions.
10. The piston heat transfer test device (100) of claim 1, characterized in that the bracket (51) comprises a first stud tube (511) and a second stud tube (512), the first stud tube (511) having a larger diameter than the second stud tube (512), the first stud tube (512) having reinforcing ribs (513) at its periphery, the second stud tube (512) being connected to the connecting rod assembly (52).
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