CN114276146A - High-purity compact WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-purity compact WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-purity compact WAlBMAB phase ceramic block material, which comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing materials by taking tungsten boride powder and aluminum powder as raw materials or boron powder, tungsten powder and aluminum powder as raw materials; step 2, adding a ball milling medium into the raw materials, and carrying out wet mixing at a preset rotating speed and a preset time to obtain a mixture; step 3, drying the mixture at a preset temperature for a certain time to obtain a dry mixture; step 4, prepressing the dry mixture, then heating and pressurizing according to a preset heating rate and a preset pressurizing rate in a vacuum environment or a protective atmosphere, and sintering in a preset sintering time after reaching a preset sintering temperature and a preset pressure to obtain a sintered block; and 5, cooling the sintered block to room temperature according to a preset cooling rate to obtain the high-purity compact WAlB ceramic block material. The invention also provides a high-purity compact WAlBMAB phase ceramic block material which is prepared by the preparation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic materials, in particular to a high-purity compact WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ternary boride (MAB) phase material is a ternary layered nano-structure material, wherein M is transition metal, A is Al or Zn, B is B element, and the molecular formula is (MB)2Alm(MB2) n (n ═ 0,1,2,3.. m ═ 1,2,3.. this point). The 222 type MAB phase material crystal is monoclinic cube, the space group is CMCM, and the unit cell is formed by alternately stacking MB units and A atom planes. The unique structure keeps the characteristics of high melting point and the like of the traditional binary transition metal boride, and also endows the boride with excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity, higher thermal stability and high-temperature oxidation resistance.
Compared with the same layered nanostructured material MAX phase, the 222 type MAB phase material WAlB has more excellent mechanical properties, theoretical calculation shows that the Vickers hardness can reach 19.3Gpa, and the material has potential application in coating materials, thermoelectric technology and other aspects. Meanwhile, due to the unique element composition (W has very good shielding capability on high-energy neutrons and gamma rays, B has very good absorption capability on neutrons), the material is expected to play an important role in the fields of fusion reactor first wall materials, neutron shielding and the like.
So far, there have been reports on the preparation of WAlB-MAB phase materials, and only the Okada research group has reported that small-sized needle-shaped single crystals WAlB (with a maximum length of less than 5mm and a volume of less than 0.1 mm) with a small content of reactants were synthesized by using a high-temperature metal solution method since 19873) While Peter tried to prepare WAlB by hot pressing, only Mo containing numerous heterogeneous phases was synthesized due to the technical problems of the processxW1-x) The solid solution of AlB (x is not lower than 0.75, and the purity is not higher than 74.3 +/-0.8 mol.%) fails to synthesize WAlB, which seriously affects the research and application development of various characteristics aiming at the WAlB ceramic, so that the preparation of a high-purity compact WAlB bulk material with a certain size becomes the key for future application.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material and a method for producing the same.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-purity compact WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, mixing tungsten boride powder and aluminum powder serving as raw materials or boron powder, tungsten powder and aluminum powder serving as raw materials to obtain raw materials; step 2, adding a ball milling medium into the raw materials, and carrying out wet mixing on the raw materials on a ball mill at a preset rotating speed and preset time to obtain a mixture; step 3, drying the mixture at a preset temperature for a certain time to obtain a dry mixture; step 4, prepressing the dry mixture, then heating and pressurizing according to a preset heating rate and a preset pressurizing rate in a vacuum environment or a protective atmosphere, and sintering in a preset sintering time after reaching a preset sintering temperature and a preset pressure to obtain a sintered block; and 5, cooling the sintered block to room temperature according to a preset cooling rate to obtain the high-purity compact WAlB ceramic block material.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: in the step 1, the molar ratio of the tungsten boride powder to the aluminum powder is 1: 1-1: 3.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: in the step 1, the molar ratio of the boron powder, the tungsten powder and the aluminum powder is 0.8-1.2: 1-20.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: in the step 2, the ball milling medium is any one of agate balls, silicon nitride balls, stainless steel balls and zirconia balls, the preset rotating speed is 100-200 r/min, and the preset time of wet mixing is 6-36 h.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: wherein, in the step 3, the preset temperature is 40-60 ℃ and the certain time is 2-6 h.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: in the step 4, the pre-pressing pressure is 10Mpa, the pressure of the vacuum environment is less than 5Pa, and the protective atmosphere is argon.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: in the step 4, the preset heating rate is 5-20 ℃/min, the preset sintering temperature is 700-1300 ℃, the preset pressure is 30-60 Mpa, and the preset sintering time is 1-15 h.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: wherein, in the step 4, after the sintering temperature reaches 300 ℃, the pressurization is carried out at a preset pressurization rate of 1 Mpa/min.
In the preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material provided by the invention, the method can also have the following characteristics: wherein, in the step 5, the preset cooling rate is 200 ℃/h.
A high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material is characterized in that: the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material is prepared by the preparation method.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the preparation method of the high-purity compact WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material, tungsten boride powder and aluminum powder are used as raw materials or the boron boride powder, the tungsten powder and the aluminum powder are used as the raw materials to be mixed to obtain the raw mixture; adding a ball milling medium into the raw materials, and carrying out wet mixing on the raw materials on a ball mill at a preset rotating speed and preset time to obtain a mixture; drying the mixture at a preset temperature for a certain time to obtain a dry mixture; prepressing the dry mixture, then heating and pressurizing according to a preset heating rate and a preset pressurizing rate in a vacuum environment or a protective atmosphere, and sintering at a preset sintering temperature and a preset pressure for a preset sintering time to obtain a sintered block; and cooling the sintered block to room temperature according to a preset cooling rate to obtain the high-purity compact WAlB ceramic block material. The initial materials adopted in the process are economical, the cost is saved, the used raw materials are simple, the raw materials are sold in the market, the raw materials are easy to obtain and have low price, the process is convenient to realize, and the obtained WAlB ceramic block material has high purity and density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of high purity according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction refinement pattern of a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material prepared in example one of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material prepared in example one of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following embodiments are combined with the accompanying drawings to specifically describe the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material and the preparation method thereof.
< example 1>
In this example, a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material and a method for making the same are provided.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing a dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of high purity according to the present example.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for preparing a high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material according to this embodiment includes the following steps:
and step S1, mixing the tungsten boride powder and the aluminum powder as raw materials according to the ratio of 1:1.6 to obtain raw materials, wherein the total mass of the raw materials is about 20 g.
And step S2, placing the raw materials into a polyurethane ball milling tank, adding agate balls into the polyurethane ball milling tank, and wet-mixing for 24 hours on a ball mill at 100r/min to obtain a mixture.
And step S3, putting the mixture into a drying oven, drying for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and screening out the dried mixture by using a sieve with the aperture of 50 mm.
Step S4, placing the mixture in a graphite grinding tool, placing the graphite mould in a hot pressing furnace for prepressing under 10Mpa, then heating under vacuum environment (pressure intensity is less than 5Pa) according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, after the sintering temperature reaches 300 ℃, pressurizing at the preset pressurizing rate of 1Mpa/min, and finally sintering under the parameter conditions of sintering temperature of 1000 ℃, pressure of 40MPa and sintering time of 7.5 hours.
And step S5, cooling to room temperature according to the cooling rate of 200 ℃/h after the heat preservation and pressure preservation are finished, and obtaining the compact WAlB ceramic material.
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction fine-tuning spectrum of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material prepared in the present invention.
The refining result of fig. 2 shows that the purity of the WAlB ceramic material prepared in this example is 92 wt.%, and the compactness thereof is 80%.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material prepared in this example.
Table 1 shows the EDS spot scan results of spectra 1 and 2 (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer) in fig. 3.
Table 1 EDS spot scan results of spectrum 1 and spectrum 2 in panel two
Note: EDS spectra are difficult to measure for elements with atomic numbers less than 8 (atomic number of B is 5)
< example 2>
In this example, a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material and a method for making the same are provided.
The preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material related by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and step S1, mixing the tungsten boride powder and the aluminum powder as raw materials according to the ratio of 1:1.3 to obtain the raw mixture, wherein the total mass of the raw mixture is about 20 g.
And step S2, placing the raw materials into a polyurethane ball milling tank, adding silicon nitride pellets into the polyurethane ball milling tank, wherein the pellet-to-material ratio is 10:1, and wet-mixing the raw materials on a ball mill for 24 hours at 120r/min to obtain a mixture.
Step S3, putting the mixture into a drying oven, drying for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and screening out the dried mixture by using a sieve with the aperture of 50 mm:
step S4, placing the mixture in a graphite grinding tool, placing the graphite mould in a hot pressing furnace for prepressing under 10Mpa, then heating under vacuum environment (pressure intensity is less than 5Pa) according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, after the sintering temperature reaches 300 ℃, pressurizing at the preset pressurizing rate of 1Mpa/min, and finally sintering under the parameter conditions of the sintering temperature of 900 ℃, the pressure of 40MPa and the sintering time of 10 hours.
And step S5, cooling to room temperature according to the cooling rate of 200 ℃/h after the heat preservation and pressure preservation are finished, and obtaining the compact WAlB ceramic material.
The purity of the WAlB ceramic material prepared in this example was 94 wt.%.
< example 3>
In this example, a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material and a method for making the same are provided.
The preparation method of the high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material related by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and step S1, mixing the tungsten boride powder and the aluminum powder as raw materials according to the ratio of 1:2 to obtain raw materials, wherein the total mass of the raw materials is about 20 g.
Step S2, placing the raw materials into a polyurethane ball milling tank, adding stainless steel balls into the polyurethane ball milling tank, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and wet-mixing the raw materials on a ball mill for 24 hours at a speed of 130r/min to obtain a mixture.
Step S3, putting the mixture into a drying oven, drying for 4 hours at 50 ℃, and screening out the dried mixture by using a sieve with the aperture of 50 mm:
step S4, placing the mixture in a graphite grinding tool, placing the graphite mould in a hot pressing furnace for prepressing under 10Mpa, then heating under vacuum environment (pressure intensity is less than 5Pa) according to the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, after the sintering temperature reaches 300 ℃, pressurizing at the preset pressurizing rate of 1Mpa/min, and finally sintering under the parameter conditions of sintering temperature 1100 ℃, pressure of 60MPa and sintering time of 15 hours.
And step S5, cooling to room temperature according to the cooling rate of 200 ℃/h after the heat preservation and pressure preservation are finished, and obtaining the compact WAlB ceramic material.
The density of the WAlB ceramic material prepared in this example is 85%.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the preparation method of the high-purity compact WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material related to the embodiments 1 to 3, the raw materials are obtained by batching tungsten boride powder and aluminum powder or boron powder, tungsten powder and aluminum powder; adding a ball milling medium into the raw materials, and carrying out wet mixing on the raw materials on a ball mill at a preset rotating speed and preset time to obtain a mixture; drying the mixture at a preset temperature for a certain time to obtain a dry mixture; prepressing the dry mixture, then heating and pressurizing according to a preset heating rate and a preset pressurizing rate in a vacuum environment or a protective atmosphere, and sintering at a preset sintering temperature and a preset pressure for a preset sintering time to obtain a sintered block; and cooling the sintered block to room temperature according to a preset cooling rate to obtain the high-purity compact WAlB ceramic block material. The initial materials adopted in the process are economical, the cost is saved, the used raw materials are simple, the raw materials are sold in the market, the raw materials are easy to obtain and low in price, and the process is convenient to realize.
In addition, in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, a dense WAlB bulk material was creatively synthesized for the first time, and in example 3, the purity of the obtained WAlB ceramic bulk material is as high as 94 wt.%, and the compactness is as high as 85%.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, mixing tungsten boride powder and aluminum powder serving as raw materials or boron powder, tungsten powder and aluminum powder serving as raw materials to obtain raw materials;
step 2, adding a ball milling medium into the raw materials, and carrying out wet mixing on a ball mill at a preset rotating speed and preset time to obtain a mixture;
step 3, drying the mixture at a preset temperature for a certain time to obtain a dry mixture;
step 4, pre-pressing the dry mixture, then heating and pressurizing according to a preset heating rate and a preset pressurizing rate in a vacuum environment or a protective atmosphere, and sintering in a preset sintering time after reaching a preset sintering temperature and a preset pressure to obtain a sintered block;
and 5, cooling the sintered block to room temperature according to a preset cooling rate to obtain the high-purity compact WAlB ceramic block material.
2. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 1, the molar ratio of the tungsten boride powder to the aluminum powder is 1: 1-1: 3.
3. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 1, the molar ratio of the boron powder, the tungsten powder and the aluminum powder is 0.8-1.2: 1-20.
4. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
wherein in the step 2, the ball milling medium is any one of agate balls, silicon nitride balls, stainless steel balls and zirconia balls,
the predetermined rotation speed is 100 to 200r/min,
the preset time is 6-36 h.
5. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
wherein in the step 3, the preset temperature is 40-60 ℃,
the certain time is 2-6 hours.
6. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
wherein in the step 4, the pre-pressing pressure is 10Mpa,
the pressure of the vacuum environment is below 5Pa,
the protective atmosphere is argon.
7. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
wherein in the step 4, the preset temperature rise rate is 5-20 ℃/min,
the preset sintering temperature is 700-1300 ℃,
the predetermined pressure is 30-60 Mpa,
the preset sintering time is 1-15 h.
8. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in the step 4, after the sintering temperature reaches 300 ℃, the pressurization is carried out at the preset pressurization rate of 1 Mpa/min.
9. The method of making a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material of claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in the step 5, the preset cooling rate is 200 ℃/h.
10. A high-purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic block material is characterized in that:
the method of preparing a high purity dense WAlB MAB phase ceramic bulk material according to any one of claims 1-9.
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