CN114264646A - Device and method for detecting NO by photodiode with temperature compensation - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting NO by photodiode with temperature compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photodiode NO detection device with temperature compensation and a method thereof. The device comprises: the device comprises a measuring optical cavity, a compensating optical cavity, a measuring photodiode, a compensating photodiode and a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit. The NO gas and ozone generate chemiluminescence reaction in the measuring optical cavity to generate weak optical signals, and the compensating optical cavity obtains background signals. The two paths of signals are collected by the measuring photodiode and the compensating photodiode, and are subjected to differential processing by the differential amplifying circuit after passing through the current amplifying circuit with the same amplification factor to obtain compensated signals. By the device, the NO detection concentration is obtained, and meanwhile, temperature and noise compensation and baseline drift elimination are automatically carried out. The device is particularly suitable for miniaturization and batch production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric detection of chemiluminescence reaction, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting low-concentration NO by a photodiode with automatic temperature compensation.
Background
In the field of photodetection, photodiodes may be used as detectors for weak optical signal detection, such as low concentration NO detection. The working principle of the photodiode is to utilize photoelectric effect, when the photodiode is illuminated, photon energy is absorbed, and a carrier has the capability of breaking loose a valence band, but if the photon energy is insufficient, the carrier is not emitted but jumps to a conduction band, so that the electrochemical property of the material is changed. When an electric field is applied, a self-establishment electric field is generated in the material, and photovoltage is generated under the action of the self-establishment electric field, so that a photocurrent signal is output.
The small size of the photodiode is an ideal choice for a miniaturized NO detection instrument, the spectral response range of the photodiode can meet the requirements of projects, and the photodiode has the advantages of good linear characteristic, small applied voltage, small dark current, small size, good stability, low price and the like.
When the light is zero, the photodiode also has current output, and the output current is dark current. In general, in photoelectric precision measurement, a measured signal is weak, and thus the influence of dark current is very significant. Theoretically, the intensity of carrier movement is different at different temperatures, the carrier movement speed is increased along with the increase of the temperature, so that the dark current is increased, therefore, the temperature is an important factor influencing the dark current, the output signal-to-noise ratio is deteriorated, and the detection of weak optical signals is not facilitated, so that the research on the influence of temperature change on the static characteristics of the photodiode is very important, and the change of the dark current along with the change of the temperature is that electrons in a valence band become more active and are excited to a conduction band due to the increase of the temperature. The dark current increases significantly with increasing temperature.
The temperature characteristic of the photodiode dark current can be expressed by the following equation:
wherein T isCIDIs the temperature coefficient of the dark current of the photodiode, ID1Is T1Dark current at DEG C, ID2Is T2Dark current at a temperature of DEG C,
the photodiode and the diode have larger negative temperature coefficients, and the fluctuation of the temperature can bring about the baseline temperature drift of the detector, so that the temperature effect of the detector needs to be compensated or the using environment temperature of the detector needs to be controlled when the photoelectric detection is carried out. Such as: patents CN103674914A and CN109283172A, article "design of temperature control system for optical signal detection module in automatic analyzer for concentration of nitrogen oxides in atmosphere by chemiluminescence method" (korean strong et al, optics and optoelectronics, 21 vol., 1 st 80-84 p), all use semiconductor refrigeration to control the detector below room temperature, so as to implement low temperature and low temperature drift. However, the method has the defects of complex structural design of the detector, large volume, large power consumption and the like, and the heat insulation problem of front optical cavity heating and rear detector cooling needs to be considered, so that the method is not suitable for micro instruments. The research student's paper, "research on methane concentration detection system based on infrared absorption spectroscopy" (wangtao, yanshan university 2019) and "research on embedded intelligent photoelectric sensor" (yuan chang qiang, daqing oil institute 2008) adopt a software compensation algorithm to perform temperature compensation, and first, a temperature correction function or curve of the sensor needs to be drawn, and then, concentration is corrected according to the use temperature. The method needs to put the sensor into a calibration box capable of adjusting the temperature, and a large amount of experiments on the temperature need a large amount of time, manpower and material resources. The temperature correction experiment needs to be carried out again after the sensor is replaced, and the method is not suitable for batch production.
In order to overcome the defects of the temperature compensation, the invention adopts hardware to automatically compensate the temperature of the photodiode detector, thereby realizing three purposes of NO detection, baseline drift elimination and detector temperature drift and noise suppression.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a temperature automatic compensation device and a temperature automatic compensation method which are applied to the field of chemiluminescence reaction and are used for detecting low-concentration NO by using a photodiode, so that the aims of eliminating signal baseline drift and inhibiting temperature drift of a detector are fulfilled.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a photodiode NO detection apparatus with temperature compensation, comprising: the device comprises a measuring optical cavity, a compensating optical cavity, a measuring photodiode, a compensating photodiode and a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit;
the measuring light cavity is a hollow cavity with an opening on the base, a measuring ozone inlet and a measuring gas outlet are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the hollow cavity, and an NO inlet is arranged at the top of the hollow cavity; ozone enters the measuring optical cavity through the measuring ozone inlet, NO gas enters the measuring optical cavity through the NO inlet and generates a chemiluminescence reaction in the measuring optical cavity, and the reacted gas flows out from the gas outlet;
the compensation optical cavity is a hollow cavity with an opening on the base, and two side surfaces of the hollow cavity are respectively provided with a compensation ozone inlet and a compensation ozone outlet; the compensation ozone outlet of the compensation optical cavity is communicated with the measurement ozone inlet of the measurement optical cavity;
the measurement photodiode and the compensation photodiode are respectively positioned on the cavity base of the measurement optical cavity and the cavity base of the compensation optical cavity, and the bases of the two hollow cavities are respectively sealed;
the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit respectively amplifies signals detected by the measuring photodiode and the compensating photodiode by the same times to obtain an amplified detection signal and an amplified compensation signal, and performs differential processing on the amplified detection signal and the amplified compensation signal to obtain a compensated output signal.
Preferably, the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit comprises two current amplification circuits and a differential amplification circuit; the two current amplifying circuits respectively comprise an operational amplifier with the same model, a feedback resistor and a feedback capacitor with the same value, and amplify weak currents generated by the measuring photodiode and the compensating photodiode in the same proportion; the differential amplification circuit comprises an operational amplifier and four resistors, and is used for differentially amplifying signals output by the two current amplification circuits and outputting signals after temperature compensation.
Preferably, the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit further comprises another software differential temperature compensation circuit, and the software differential temperature compensation circuit comprises an analog switch, a weak current amplification circuit and a microcontroller. The signal output ends of the compensation photodiode and the detection photodiode are respectively connected with two signal input ends of the analog switch, and the output end of the analog switch is connected with the microcontroller. The analog switch can realize that the output end of the analog switch is respectively and independently connected with the output ends of the compensation photodiode and the detection photodiode under the control of the microcontroller. The software difference temperature compensation method of the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit comprises the following steps: before detection, the micro controller firstly acquires a background signal of the compensation photodiode, and then acquires a photochemical reaction signal of the detection photodiode. And carrying out differential operation on the photochemical reaction signal and the background signal to obtain a signal after temperature compensation.
Preferably, the measuring optical cavity and the compensating optical cavity are both rectangular cavities with hemispherical cavities inside; the internal and external structures of the compensation optical cavity are the same as those of the measurement optical cavity except that the gas inlet and outlet are different.
Preferably, the measurement optical cavity and the compensation optical cavity are either integrated or separated. The two cavities are in the same working environment: same temperature, humidity and air pressure.
Preferably, the inside of the measurement optical cavity and the compensation optical cavity is mirror-polished or coated.
Preferably, the measurement photodiode and the compensation photodiode are selected from devices of the same model and produced in the same batch.
Preferably, the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit, the measurement photodiode, and the compensation photodiode are subjected to a shielding process.
Preferably, the amplification factor of the current amplification circuit is 0.1-100G, and the amplification factor of the post-stage differential amplification circuit is 1-100.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting NO using the above apparatus, the method comprising: ozone enters the compensation optical cavity through the compensation ozone inlet, the compensation photodiode detects a background signal without mixed NO gas, then the ozone flows out from the compensation ozone outlet, enters the measurement optical cavity through the measurement ozone inlet and carries out chemiluminescence reaction with the NO gas entering from the NO inlet, the measurement photodiode detects a chemiluminescence signal at the moment, the two signals are amplified by the same times through the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit, and the amplified detection signal and the amplified compensation signal are subjected to differential processing and then output NO detection concentration subjected to baseline correction and temperature and noise compensation.
Preferably, the concentration of ozone is much greater than the concentration of NO gas.
Advantageous effects
The invention adopts the design of double optical cavities and double photodiodes, one optical cavity and photodiode are used for detecting NO, the other optical cavity and photodiode are used as reference and compensation, after the weak signal is amplified by the same current amplifying circuit, the detection signal and the compensation signal are differentiated by the differential amplifying circuit, and the compensated useful output signal is obtained.
Since the photodiode has a large temperature coefficient and dark current is different at different temperatures, temperature compensation is necessary when detecting NO with the photodiode. When the measuring optical cavity and the compensating optical cavity are in the same environmental condition, the dark current of the photodiodes of the same type is the same. After passing through the same current amplifying circuit, the signals are amplified by the same times, and then the differential amplifying circuit is used for carrying out differential processing to obtain the required signals. By the device, the temperature and noise compensation of the photodiode capable of automatically performing chemiluminescence reaction while acquiring the detection concentration of NO, and the baseline drift is eliminated. The huge temperature control device for semiconductor refrigeration is saved, and the volume of the device is reduced. A large amount of time, manpower and material resources are not needed, and a temperature correction experiment is carried out on each device. Is particularly suitable for miniaturization and batch production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photodiode NO detection device with temperature compensation provided in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photodiode NO detection device with temperature compensation provided in embodiment 2.
In the figure, 1 — measuring the optical cavity; 2-NO inlet; 3-measuring an ozone inlet; 4-compensating the ozone gas outlet; 5-a compensation optical cavity; 6-compensation ozone inlet; 7-a compensated photodiode; 8-measuring the gas outlet; 9-measuring the photodiode; 10-a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit; 11-software differential signal amplification temperature compensation circuit.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a photodiode NO detection apparatus with temperature compensation according to embodiment 1, which mainly includes: the device comprises a measuring optical cavity 1, a compensating optical cavity 5, a measuring photodiode 9, a compensating photodiode 7 and a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit 10.
The measuring optical cavity 1 is a rectangular cavity body with a hemispherical cavity inside, and the base of the hemispherical cavity is open. And a measuring ozone inlet 3 and a measuring gas outlet 8 are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the rectangular cavity. The top of the rectangular cavity is provided with an NO inlet 2. The internal and external structure of the compensation cavity 5 is the same as the measurement cavity. And a compensation ozone inlet 6 and a compensation ozone outlet 4 are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the rectangular cavity. And a compensation ozone outlet 4 of the compensation optical cavity 5 is communicated with a measurement ozone inlet 3 of the measurement optical cavity 1.
The two photodiodes, the measurement photodiode 9 and the compensation photodiode 7 are respectively located on the hemispherical cavity base of the measurement optical cavity 1 and the hemispherical cavity base of the compensation optical cavity 5, and respectively seal the two hemispherical cavities. The measuring photodiode 9 serves to detect a weak optical signal generated by the chemiluminescent reaction. The compensation photodiode 7 serves to compensate for temperature, noise and baseline.
The signal amplification temperature compensation circuit 10 is composed of two weak current amplification circuits and a differential amplification circuit. U1, R1, and C1 constitute a current amplifying circuit that compensates for the photodiode. U2, R2 and C2 constitute a current amplifying circuit of the measuring photodiode. The two amplifier circuits have the same operational amplifier model, and therefore, R1 is R2, and C1 is C2, and thus have the same amplification factor. The differential amplification circuit is composed of an operational amplifier U3 and four resistors R3, R4, R5 and R6, wherein R3 is R5, and R4 is R6. And signals of the measurement amplifying circuit and the compensation amplifying circuit are input into the differential amplifying circuit for differential amplification, so that a detection NO signal after temperature compensation can be obtained.
The detection process using the device comprises the following steps:
ozone firstly enters the compensation optical cavity 5 through the compensation ozone inlet 6, the compensation photodiode 7 detects that NO NO gas background signal is mixed, the ozone then exits from the compensation ozone outlet 4, and then enters the measurement optical cavity 1 through the measurement ozone inlet 3 to perform chemiluminescence reaction with NO gas. The measuring photodiode 9 now detects the chemiluminescent signal. The two signals pass through a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit 10 and then output a detected NO concentration signal which is subjected to baseline correction and temperature and noise compensation.
In order to better realize the temperature compensation effect, the measurement optical cavity 1 and the compensation optical cavity 5 are in the same working environment: same temperature, humidity and air pressure. The two can be designed into a whole or be in a split structure.
The measuring photodiode 9 and the compensating photodiode 7 are devices of the same type and produced in the same batch.
In order to reduce external interference, the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit 10, the measurement photodiode 9, and the compensation photodiode 7 are subjected to shielding processing.
The signal amplifying circuit and the differential amplifying circuit can form a multi-stage amplifying circuit, such as: the amplification factor of the current amplification circuit is 0.1G, the amplification factor of the differential amplification circuit is 10, and the final signal amplification factor is 1G.
In order to improve the detection sensitivity, the inside of the optical cavity is subjected to mirror polishing or coating treatment.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photodiode NO detection device with temperature compensation provided in embodiment 2, except for a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit, the rest of the components and the connection relationship are the same as those in embodiment 1. The temperature compensation method adopts software differential temperature compensation.
In embodiment 2, the software differential signal amplification temperature compensation circuit 11 includes an analog switch U3, a weak current amplification circuit, and a microcontroller U2. Wherein U1, R1 and C1 constitute a current amplifying circuit for compensating the photodiode. The signals output by the compensation photodiode 7 and the detection photodiode 9 are respectively connected with two signal input ends S1 and S2 of an analog switch U3, and an output end D is connected with a microcontroller U2. Two control terminals C1 and C2 of the analog switch U3 and an enable terminal ENB are connected with a pin of the microcontroller U2.
The detection process of the device is as follows:
when detection is needed, ozone firstly enters the compensation optical cavity 5 through the compensation ozone inlet 6, the microcontroller U2 controls the analog switch U3 to enable the S1 to be communicated with the D, the compensation photodiode 7 enters the microcontroller U2 after being amplified by the weak current amplification circuit U1, a background signal under the current temperature is collected, and then NO gas enters the measurement optical cavity 1 to perform a chemiluminescence reaction with the ozone. At the moment, the microcontroller U2 controls the analog switch U3 to enable the S2 to be communicated with the D, the measuring photodiode 9 enters the microcontroller U2 after being amplified by the weak current amplifying circuit U1, and a chemiluminescence signal at the current temperature is acquired. The two signals are subjected to differential operation in the MCU, and the result is a detected NO concentration signal subjected to baseline correction and temperature and noise compensation.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these substitutions and modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for detecting NO by a photodiode, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a measuring optical cavity, a compensating optical cavity, a measuring photodiode, a compensating photodiode and a signal amplification temperature compensation circuit;
the measuring light cavity is a hollow cavity with an opening on the base, a measuring ozone inlet and a measuring gas outlet are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the hollow cavity, and an NO inlet is arranged at the top of the hollow cavity;
the compensation optical cavity is a hollow cavity with an opening on the base, and two side surfaces of the hollow cavity are respectively provided with a compensation ozone inlet and a compensation ozone outlet; the compensation ozone outlet of the compensation optical cavity is communicated with the measurement ozone inlet of the measurement optical cavity;
the measurement photodiode and the compensation photodiode are respectively positioned on the cavity base of the measurement optical cavity and the cavity base of the compensation optical cavity, and the bases of the two hollow cavities are respectively sealed;
the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit respectively amplifies signals detected by the measuring photodiode and the compensating photodiode by the same times to obtain an amplified detection signal and an amplified compensation signal, and performs differential processing on the amplified detection signal and the amplified compensation signal to obtain a compensated output signal.
2. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit comprises two current amplification circuits and a differential amplification circuit; the two current amplifying circuits respectively comprise an operational amplifier with the same model, a feedback resistor and a feedback capacitor with the same value, and amplify weak currents generated by the measuring photodiode and the compensating photodiode in the same proportion; the differential amplification circuit comprises an operational amplifier and four resistors, and is used for differentially amplifying signals output by the two current amplification circuits and outputting signals after temperature compensation.
3. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit comprises a software differential temperature compensation circuit, and the software differential temperature compensation circuit comprises an analog switch, a weak current amplification circuit and a microcontroller; two signal input ends of the analog switch are respectively connected with the signal output ends of the compensation photodiode and the detection photodiode, the output end of the analog switch is connected with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is used for controlling the input end of the analog switch to be respectively and independently connected with the output ends of the compensation photodiode and the detection photodiode.
4. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: the measuring optical cavity and the compensating optical cavity are integrated or separated; the measurement optical cavity and the compensation optical cavity are in the same working environment: same temperature, humidity and air pressure.
5. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: the measuring optical cavity and the compensating optical cavity are rectangular cavities with hemispherical cavities inside; and mirror polishing or film coating treatment is carried out on the internal cavities of the measuring optical cavity and the compensating optical cavity.
6. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: the measuring photodiode and the compensating photodiode are devices of the same type and produced in the same batch.
7. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: and the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit, the measurement photodiode and the compensation photodiode are subjected to shielding treatment.
8. The apparatus for detecting NO of claim 1, wherein: the amplification factor of the current amplification circuit is 0.1-100G; the amplification factor of the differential amplification circuit is 1-100.
9. A method for detecting NO using the device of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
ozone enters the compensation optical cavity through the compensation ozone inlet, the compensation photodiode detects a background signal without mixed NO gas, then the ozone flows out from the compensation ozone outlet, enters the measurement optical cavity through the measurement ozone inlet and carries out chemiluminescence reaction with the NO gas entering from the NO inlet, the measurement photodiode detects a chemiluminescence signal at the moment, the two signals are amplified by the same times through the signal amplification temperature compensation circuit, and the amplified detection signal and the amplified compensation signal are subjected to differential processing and then output NO detection concentration subjected to baseline correction and temperature and noise compensation.
10. The method of detecting NO as in claim 9, wherein: the concentration of ozone is greater than the concentration of NO gas.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116148459A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-23 | 浙江宝太智能科技有限公司 | Reading compensation method for chemiluminescent reader |
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| CN116148459B (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2024-02-23 | 浙江宝太智能科技有限公司 | Reading compensation method for chemiluminescent reader |
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