CN114250465A - 一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法 - Google Patents

一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法 Download PDF

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CN114250465A
CN114250465A CN202111607819.0A CN202111607819A CN114250465A CN 114250465 A CN114250465 A CN 114250465A CN 202111607819 A CN202111607819 A CN 202111607819A CN 114250465 A CN114250465 A CN 114250465A
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王学林
尚成嘉
谢振家
栗子林
郭福建
袁胜福
刘文乐
张瑞华
邱桥
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Yangjiang Alloy Material Laboratory
Yangjiang Metal Scissors Industrial Technology Research Institute
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Yangjiang Metal Scissors Industrial Technology Research Institute
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，属于金属材料领域。将激光熔覆9Cr18Mo粉末制成的刀具加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3相区进行退火，保温时间为30‑60min，进而采用油淬冷却方式至冷至室温，通过促进Cr23C6析出来调节基体成分(降低镍当量和铬当量)而诱发马氏体相变，使得熔覆层硬度由400HV提高至700HV。此外，进一步的深冷处理可细化残余奥氏体，提高马氏体含量，再次提高熔覆层硬度。本发明方法可以改变熔覆层显微组织结构类型及含量，降低软态组织含量，使得熔覆层获得高含量的马氏体和一定比例的残余奥氏体与碳化物，显著提高了熔覆层硬度，且一定含量的残余奥氏体可保障刀刃韧性。本发明工艺简单，成本低廉，实用性强；所采用的方法能使9Cr18Mo粉末熔覆刀刀刃硬度由400HV提高至700HV。

Description

一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料领域，是一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法。采用该方法能使激光熔覆粉末刀刀刃硬度由400HV提高至700HV。
背景介绍
针对传统家用3Cr13、3Cr14或4Cr13等不锈钢厨刀硬度低、耐磨性差、使用寿命短等问题，可采用激光熔覆技术对其刀刃进行处理，改善厨刀的性能。该方法是采用高碳含量的合金粉末，通过激光熔覆技术将粉末熔覆至刀刃处，进而形成一层约2-3mm宽的粉末熔覆层，其硬度一般是高于不锈钢刀身。但研究发现，低碳含量(3Cr14和4Cr13粉末熔覆制备)的激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度可以达到600-700HV，不足之处是耐盐水腐蚀性能有待提高，且传统的固溶处理与回火处理均无法消除熔覆层共晶析出的网状碳化物，刀刃基体Cr当量不足，耐蚀性无法提高。为此，更高合金的粉末则被采用来制备高端激光熔覆刀。随着高合金粉末的应用，耐蚀性能得到改善，但伴随而来的却是熔覆层硬度显著下降，且目前关于这一领域的研究鲜见报道。因此，本技术在明确了高碳粉末熔覆刀硬度不足的机理条件下，开发了一种热处理工艺来提高高碳合金熔覆层硬度，从而保证刀刃的良好耐蚀性和高硬度。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，所要解决的关键技术问题是，改变高碳粉末熔覆刀硬度不足问题。采用本发明提出的热处理工艺，9Cr18Mo粉末激光熔覆层的硬度可由400HV提高至700HV，同时进一步的深冷处理可再次将熔覆层硬度提高50HV，达到750HV。本发明制备的激光熔覆刀刀身用材为不同厚度的3Cr14和4Cr13马氏体不锈钢，熔覆层为9Cr18Mo粉末经激光熔覆制备而成，具体制备过程如图1所示。首先对未经过热处理的熔覆层进行硬度测试，进而再对经过热处理与深冷处理的熔覆层进行硬度测试，同时通过熔覆层显微组织结构表征确定熔覆层硬度提高的机理。
本发明的技术方案是：提出一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，发展改善激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度不足的关键热处理工艺。
一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，其特征在于，该方法包括一步热处理和进一步深冷处理过程，经过热处理得到的9Cr18Mo熔覆层硬度可由400HV提高至700HV；其中9Cr18Mo粉末成分控制为C：0.95-1.15wt％，Si：0.5-0.8wt％，Mn：0.8-1.0wt％，Cr：16-18wt％，Mo：0.5-0.7wt％，Ni：0.1-0.2wt％，Fe余量。
进一步地，所述一步热处理制备步骤如下：
步骤1：采用激光熔覆方法对1.5-3.0mm厚3Cr14或4Cr13马氏体不锈钢板制作的刀具坯样刀刃处进行9Cr18Mo的粉末熔覆；
步骤2：将步骤1所得到的熔覆刀样品加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3相区进行退火处理，退火时间为30-60min，之后油冷至室温，通过诱发M23C6析出而调节熔覆层的镍当量和碳当量，促进马氏体形成，提高硬度，熔覆层硬度提升至700HV以上。
进一步地，所述进一步深冷处理过程是将步骤2所述退火处理后的热处理样品进行进一步液氮深冷处理，保温时间60-120min，促进粗大的残余奥氏体进一步发生马氏体转变，细化残余奥氏体和提高马氏体含量，提高熔覆层硬度的同时保障其具有一定的韧性，熔覆层硬度可达750HV以上。
本发明和现有技术相比所具有的有益效果在于：
(1)采用高碳合金粉末进行激光熔覆较传统低碳合金粉末熔覆耐蚀性显著提升，解决了低碳合金粉末熔覆层解决不了的腐蚀难题。
(2)采用9Cr18Mo熔覆至3Cr14或4Cr13刀刃处可以实现制备刀具高性能低制造成本的目标。
(3)因9Cr18Mo熔覆后形成奥氏体组织，传统熔覆刀采用的回火热处理无法提高刀刃硬度，本发明是基于M23C6和M7C3析出调控原理设计的退火工艺。将9Cr18Mo熔覆层加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3相区，通过诱发M23C6析出而使得基体奥氏体中碳含量降低，进而诱发马氏体相变，同时基于熔覆层较高的合金设计体系，诱发马氏体形成后仍可保证熔覆层基体Cr当量高于13，从而最终将熔覆层硬度提高至700HV以上且保障较高的耐蚀性。
(4)深冷处理则可诱发熔覆层残余的块状不稳定奥氏体再次发生马氏体转变，提高马氏体含量，同时也降低残余奥氏体尺寸并提高其热稳定性，为刀刃提供高硬度的同时保障适度的韧性，提高刀具综合性能。
本发明的特点在于：巧妙地采用碳化物调控技术原理进行热处理工艺设计，提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度。通过合理地设计退火处理工艺参数，使得熔覆态奥氏体析出M23C6碳化物来调节基体合金成分体系，进而促进马氏体形成而提高硬度。本发明提出的热处理工艺简单，制造成本低，易于大批量生产采用。
附图说明
图1是实施例1经步骤1获得激光熔覆刀样品及激光熔覆过程示意图。
图2是实施例1经步骤2热处理前后及深冷后熔覆层硬度测试结果。
图3是实施例1经步骤2后熔覆层显微组织结构演变情况。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明中很小的一部分，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1)采用2.5mm厚3Cr14马氏体不锈钢作为刀具基材，利用图1工艺在3Cr14刀刃处熔覆9Cr18Mo粉末，形成2.5mm宽的合金熔覆层。2)将熔覆样品加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3温度线以上20℃，并保温30min，油淬至室温，熔覆层硬度由400HV提升至700HV。3)进一步对步骤2)样品进行液氮深冷处理90min，熔覆层硬度进一步提高至750HV，如图2熔覆层区域的硬度变化。4)图3给出熔覆态、退火态和退火与深冷处理三种状态组织变化，熔覆态下熔覆层组织为奥氏体基体和沿晶的M7C3，硬度仅为400HV；退火后熔覆析出大量M23C6，基体奥氏体发生马氏体相变，形成马氏体+块状残余奥氏体+M23C6+M7C3的混合组织，硬度提高到700HV；进一步深冷处理后，块状残余奥氏体进一步分解细化，马氏体含量提升，硬度提高至750HV。
实施例2
1)采用3.0mm厚4Cr13马氏体不锈钢作为刀具基材，利用图1工艺在4Cr13刀刃处熔覆9Cr18Mo粉末，形成2.7mm宽的合金熔覆层。2)将熔覆样品加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3温度线以上10℃，并保温60min，油淬至室温，熔覆层硬度由410HV提升至700HV。3)进一步对步骤2)样品进行液氮深冷处理60min，熔覆层硬度进一步提高至755HV。
实施例3
1)采用1.5mm厚3Cr13马氏体不锈钢作为刀具基材，利用图1工艺在3Cr13刀刃处熔覆9Cr18Mo粉末，形成2.3mm宽的合金熔覆层。2)将熔覆样品加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3温度线以上20℃，并保温30min，油淬至室温，熔覆层硬度由400HV提升至705HV。3)进一步对步骤2)样品进行液氮深冷处理120min，熔覆层硬度进一步提高至760HV。

Claims (3)

1.一种提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，其特征在于，该方法包括一步热处理和进一步深冷处理过程，经过热处理得到的9Cr18Mo熔覆层硬度可由400HV提高至700HV；其中9Cr18Mo粉末成分控制为C：0.95-1.15wt％，Si：0.5-0.8wt％，Mn：0.8-1.0wt％，Cr：16-18wt％，Mo：0.5-0.7wt％，Ni：0.1-0.2wt％，Fe余量。
2.如权利要求1所述提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，其特征在于，所述一步热处理制备步骤如下：
步骤1：采用激光熔覆方法对1.5-3.0mm厚3Cr14或4Cr13马氏体不锈钢板制作的刀具坯样刀刃处进行9Cr18Mo的粉末熔覆；
步骤2：将步骤1所得到的熔覆刀样品加热至FCC+M23C6+M7C3相区进行退火处理，退火时间为30-60min，之后油冷至室温，通过诱发M23C6析出而调节熔覆层的镍当量和碳当量，促进马氏体形成，提高硬度，熔覆层硬度提升至700HV以上。
3.如权利要求1所述提高激光熔覆刀刀刃硬度的热处理方法，其特征在于，所述进一步深冷处理过程是将步骤2所述退火处理后的热处理样品进行进一步液氮深冷处理，保温时间60-120min，促进粗大的残余奥氏体进一步发生马氏体转变，细化残余奥氏体和提高马氏体含量，提高熔覆层硬度的同时保障其具有一定的韧性，熔覆层硬度可达750HV以上。
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