CN114247897A - Composite structure of marine navigation device and additive manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Composite structure of marine navigation device and additive manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114247897A CN114247897A CN202111574093.5A CN202111574093A CN114247897A CN 114247897 A CN114247897 A CN 114247897A CN 202111574093 A CN202111574093 A CN 202111574093A CN 114247897 A CN114247897 A CN 114247897A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/50—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by forming methods, e.g. manufacturing of curved blocks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a marine navigation device composite structure and an additive manufacturing method thereof. The method realizes the preparation of the marine navigation device with light weight, high strength, impact resistance, toughness and corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing and the technical field of ship manufacturing, in particular to the field of ship manufacturing, and particularly relates to a composite structure of an offshore navigation device and an additive manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The development of marine economy brings great economic benefits to us, but ships in service in marine environments face a lot of severe tests. The energy consumption caused by the overweight of the marine navigation device is too fast, so that the endurance capacity is insufficient; the resistance caused by the structural design is too large, so that the speed of the ship is limited; the surface layer has no buffer layer, so that the deformation is serious when collision occurs; the corrosion damage of the ship is caused by poor surface corrosion prevention effect; the stability and reliability of the ship navigation are seriously influenced.
The steel plates involved in the Chinese patents CN201410372458.X and CN201410372350.0 do not reduce the weight of the ship hull, and the welding mode has poor reliability. In the aspect of hull resistance reduction, a non-smooth surface resistance reduction technology and a super-hydrophobic surface resistance reduction technology are applied to a real ship, and a bubble resistance reduction technology is unstable and is mainly applied to ship model experiments and is rarely applied to the real ship. Along with the development of marine cause, the ships and light boats bump occasionally, and the anticollision mode effect of current hull application is not showing, and the urgent need improves hull structure. The paint spraying mode in the existing anticorrosion measures is unstable and easy to fall off, and the electroplating mode consumes long time.
Therefore, it is important to develop a marine navigation device which has light structure, good anti-collision performance, and integration of resistance reduction and corrosion prevention.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems that the anti-collision mode applied by the existing ship body is not obvious in effect, the paint spraying mode in the existing anti-corrosion measures is unstable and easy to fall off, and the electroplating mode consumes long time, the marine navigation device composite structure and the material increase manufacturing method thereof are provided. The invention mainly utilizes three-dimensional modeling software to design a marine navigation device with a topology optimization structure and a bionic surface, converts a model into an STL file, then performs data processing by means of professional additive material software, and converts the STL file into a data command which can be identified by additive material manufacturing equipment. The aluminum alloy is used as the middle layer of the marine navigation device main body, the aluminum alloy powder is doped with rare earth elements to prepare mixed powder, and the aluminum alloy marine navigation device base body is printed step by step according to software input commands by adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing mode. Then, continuously printing the inner layer and the outer layer of the marine navigation device on an aluminum alloy substrate by a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) mode by using a wire material which takes acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as a main body and is made of doped glass fibers. The surface of the outer surface of the marine navigation device contains a bionic drag reduction structure. The method realizes the preparation of the marine navigation device with light weight, high strength, impact resistance, toughness and corrosion resistance.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a composite structure of a marine navigation device is a structure prepared by constructing a three-dimensional model of the marine navigation device and utilizing an electric arc additive manufacturing technology and a fused deposition modeling technology on the basis of recognizable data commands converted by the three-dimensional model.
The marine navigation device further comprises a three-layer structure, wherein the first layer structure is a marine navigation device base body arranged in the middle layer, the second layer structure is a marine navigation device inner layer formed on the upper surface of the marine navigation device base body, and the third layer structure is a marine navigation device outer layer formed on the lower surface of the marine navigation device base body.
Furthermore, the marine navigation device substrate is manufactured by doping rare earth elements with aluminum alloy in a specific proportion through coaxial wire feeding electric arc additive manufacturing, and is a topology optimization mechanical enhancement structure; the inner layer and the outer layer of the marine navigation device are made of glass fiber/ABS composite materials, and the outer layer of the marine navigation device is of a shark skin groove-imitated shield scale structure.
The invention also provides an additive manufacturing method of the composite structure of the marine navigation device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drawing a three-dimensional model of the marine navigation device adopting a topology optimization structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the three-dimensional model into an STL file format;
s2, processing the STL file by adopting the special additive manufacturing software, automatically generating and supporting a marine navigation device model, slicing the marine navigation device model, and outputting a program code which can be identified by additive manufacturing equipment;
s3, preparing mixed powder of aluminum alloy powder doped with rare earth elements by using a mechanical ball milling method, and adding the mixed powder into a wire feeding mechanism of an electric arc additive manufacturing device after preparing wires;
s4, preparing the glass fiber reinforced composite wire material by taking acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene as a main body;
s5, transmitting the program code obtained in the step S2 to additive manufacturing equipment, starting an electric arc additive manufacturing device to work by using the wire manufactured in the step S3 and adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing technology, and printing an aluminum alloy marine navigation device substrate on a substrate;
s6, after printing of the aluminum alloy marine navigation device substrate is completed, printing the inner layer of the marine navigation device by using the glass fiber reinforced composite wire prepared in the step S4 through a fused deposition modeling technology by using the fused deposition modeling device;
s7, after the printing on the upper part of the marine navigation device is finished, overturning the marine navigation device for re-clamping, and continuously printing the outer layer of the marine navigation device by using the glass fiber reinforced composite wire prepared in the step S4 through the fused deposition forming device;
and S8, after the whole marine navigation device is processed, adding an epoxy resin coating on the surface of the whole marine navigation device to obtain the composite structure of the marine navigation device.
Further, in step S1, the printed aluminum alloy marine navigation device substrate has a topology optimization structure, the topology optimization structure is a porous microstructure or a lattice structure, and the porous microstructure includes a unit cell based on the rod characteristics and a unit cell based on the curved surface characteristics.
Further, in step S3, the ball milling method includes: mixing aluminum alloy powder and rare earth elements according to a certain proportion, then vacuum-sealing in a ball-milling tank, filling with inert gas argon, setting the ball-material mass ratio at 1:1-10:1, setting the rotating speed at 50-500rpm/min, and performing ball-milling in an alternating circulation mode of rotating for 20min and stopping cooling for 10min, wherein the total time is 2-8 h.
Further, in step S3, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy powder is: si: 9-11%, Mg: 0.3-0.7%, Fe: 0.1-0.5%, Cu: 0.05-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.05%, Mn: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Al;
the rare earth element is scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) or erbium (Er), and is added in the form of oxide, and can be Sc2O3、Y2O3、La2O3Or CeO2The mass fraction of the rare earth elements in the aluminum alloy mixed powder is 0.01-0.5%.
Further, in the step S4, the glass fiber reinforced composite filament material uses acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene as a main body, and the content of doped glass fiber is 10-40%.
Further, in the step S5, argon with a purity of 99.99% is used as a shielding gas in the arc additive manufacturing apparatus, the gas flow is 5-25L/min, the welding speed is 150-.
Further, in the steps S6 and S7, the parameters of the fused deposition modeling apparatus are as follows: the melting temperature is 200-250 ℃, the layer thickness is 0.05-0.3mm, the printing speed is 20-60mm/s, and the preheating temperature of the printing platform is 30-60 ℃;
in the step S7, the surface of the outer layer of the printed marine navigation device has a bionic drag reduction microstructure, and the bionic drag reduction microstructure is a shark skin groove-imitated shield scale structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the composite structure of the marine navigation device and the additive manufacturing method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the prepared composite structure of the marine navigation device is light in weight and high in strength: the density of the aluminum alloy is about 2.7g/cm31/3 which is steel, and has good corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, tensile strength and compressive strength, and the toughness and the impact resistance can be further improved after being doped with rare earth elements. The topological optimization structure can further reduce the quality of the marine navigation device while ensuring the pressure resistance.
2. The composite structure of the marine navigation device and the additive manufacturing method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the prepared composite structure of the marine navigation device has small resistance: the outer surface of the marine navigation device is processed with a shark skin groove-imitated scale structure, and the resistance can be reduced by 3-10%.
3. According to the composite structure of the marine navigation device and the additive manufacturing method thereof provided by the invention, the prepared composite structure of the marine navigation device has good corrosion resistance: the epoxy resin coating is added on the outer surface of the marine navigation device, molecules are tightly combined, and the protective performance is improved; meanwhile, the bionic structure has hydrophobicity, and the corrosion resistance of the marine navigation device can be improved.
4. The invention provides a composite structure of a marine navigation device and a material increase manufacturing method thereof, and the prepared composite structure of the marine navigation device has the advantages of enhanced toughness: Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene copolymer (ABS resin) has the characteristics of good toughness, strong wear resistance, stable chemical properties, etc., and thus it becomes one of the most commonly used engineering plastics for material increase. The outer part of the marine navigation device is made of glass fiber/ABS composite material, and the marine navigation device is suitable for manufacturing a hull buffer layer and improving the toughness of the hull.
5. According to the composite structure of the marine navigation device and the additive manufacturing method thereof provided by the invention, the prepared composite structure of the marine navigation device has good stability: the marine navigation device is manufactured by material increase manufacturing process in an integrated mode, the whole marine navigation device is free of welding seams, and safety and stability are better.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the problems that the anti-collision mode applied by the existing ship body has an unobvious effect, the paint spraying mode in the existing anticorrosion measures is unstable and easy to fall off, and the electroplating mode consumes long time.
For the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of additive manufacturing, ship manufacturing, hull manufacturing and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the marine navigation device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged shark skin-imitated scuticola structure of the outer skin of the marine navigation device.
In the figure: 1. the inner layer of the marine navigation device; 2. a marine navigation device base; 3. the outer layer of the marine navigation device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
The invention provides an additive manufacturing method of a composite structure of a marine navigation device, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) utilizing three-dimensional modeling software to draw a three-dimensional model of the marine navigation device adopting a topology optimization structure, and storing the three-dimensional model into an STL file format;
(2) processing the STL file by using additive manufacturing professional software such as Magics, automatically generating a support for the marine navigation device model, slicing, and outputting a program code which can be identified by additive manufacturing equipment;
(3) preparing mixed powder of aluminum alloy powder doped with rare earth elements by using a mechanical ball milling method, preparing wires, and adding the wires into a wire feeding mechanism of an electric arc additive manufacturing device;
(4) preparing a glass fiber reinforced composite wire material by taking acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as a main body;
(5) transmitting the program code to additive manufacturing equipment, starting the electric arc additive manufacturing device to work, and printing an aluminum alloy marine navigation device substrate with a topology optimization structure on a substrate;
(6) after the substrate of the aluminum alloy marine navigation device is printed, an inner layer of the marine navigation device is printed by a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) device by using a glass fiber/ABS composite wire;
(7) after the printing on the upper part of the marine navigation device is finished, the marine navigation device is turned over and clamped again, and the outer layer of the marine navigation device with the bionic resistance reducing microstructure on the surface is continuously printed by a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) device;
(8) and adding an epoxy resin coating on the surface of the whole marine navigation device.
The topology optimization structure in the step (1) includes but is not limited to a porous microstructure/lattice structure, wherein the porous microstructure comprises single cells based on rod characteristics and single cells based on curved surface characteristics.
The aluminum alloy powder in the step (3) comprises the following chemical components: si: 9-11%, Mg: 0.3-0.7%, Fe: 0.1-0.5%, Cu: 0.05-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.05%, Mn: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Al.
The rare earth elements in step (3) include, but are not limited to, scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), erbium (Er), etc., and are mainly added in the form of oxides, for example: sc (Sc)2O3、Y2O3、La2O3、CeO2The mass fraction of the rare earth elements in the aluminum alloy mixed powder is 0.01-0.5%.
The glass fiber reinforced composite wire material in the step (4) takes acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as a main body, and the content of doped glass fiber is 10-40%.
In the electric arc additive manufacturing device in the step (5), argon with the purity of 99.99% is used as protective gas, the gas flow is 5-25L/min, the welding speed is 150-400mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 0.5-3m/min, and the substrate is preheated at the temperature of 40-100 ℃.
The parameters of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) device in the step (6) and the step (7) are as follows: the melting temperature is 200-250 ℃, the layer thickness is 0.05-0.3mm, the printing speed is 20-60mm/s, and the preheating temperature of the printing platform is 30-60 ℃.
The surface bionic drag reduction microstructure in the step (7) is a scale structure imitating a shark skin groove.
Example 1
The marine navigation device shown in fig. 1 mainly comprises a marine navigation device base body 2, a marine navigation device inner layer 1 and a marine navigation device outer layer 3, wherein the marine navigation device base body 2 is arranged in the middle, the marine navigation device inner layer 1 is coated above the marine navigation device base body 2, and the marine navigation device outer layer 3 is coated below the marine navigation device base body 2. The marine navigation device matrix 2 is manufactured by doping rare earth elements with aluminum alloy in a specific proportion through coaxial wire feeding electric arc additive manufacturing, the marine navigation device matrix 2 is of a topology optimization mechanics reinforcing structure, the marine navigation device inner layer 1 and the marine navigation device outer layer 3 are made of glass fiber/ABS composite materials, and the skin of the marine navigation device outer layer 3 is of a shark skin groove-imitated scale structure, as shown in fig. 2.
The additive manufacturing method for preparing the composite structure of the marine navigation device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) utilizing three-dimensional modeling software to draw a space model of the whole marine navigation device, wherein the space model comprises a porous microstructure/lattice structure topological optimization structure, and converting the space model into an STL file for storage after modeling is completed;
(2) processing the STL file by using additive manufacturing professional software such as Magics and the like, automatically generating support and slicing, and generating a program code which can be identified by additive manufacturing equipment;
(3) the method is characterized in that the ball milling method is utilized to prepare the rare earth element doped mixed powder of the aluminum alloy powder, and the ball milling process is as follows: the aluminum alloy powder and the rare earth elements are mixed according to a certain proportion, then are sealed in a ball milling tank in vacuum, and are filled with inert gas argon. The mass ratio of the ball material is 1:1-10:1, and the rotating speed is set to be 50-500 rpm/min. In order to avoid overhigh temperature, a ball milling mode of alternate circulation of rotating for 20min and stopping cooling for 10min is adopted, and the total time is 2-8h and 6 h;
(4) taking scandium (Sc) as an example, the aluminum alloy mixed powder comprises the following chemical components: si: 9-11%, Mg: 0.3-0.7%, Fe: 0.1-0.5%, Cu: 0.05-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.05%, Mn: 0.01-0.05%, Sc: 0.01-0.5 percent of Al and preparing the mixed powder into wire materials;
(5) preparing a glass fiber reinforced composite wire material by taking acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as a main body, wherein the content of doped glass fiber is 10-40%, uniformly mixing dried ABS resin and glass fiber in a high-speed mixer according to a certain mass ratio, and then extruding and granulating on a co-rotating double-screw extruder (the rotating speed of a main machine screw is 180-class 220r/min, and the temperature is 200-class 230 ℃);
(6) uploading the program code to additive manufacturing equipment, and preheating a substrate on a forming platform to 40-100 ℃;
(7) the substrate 2 of the marine navigation device is processed by an electric arc additive manufacturing device, argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is used as protective gas, the gas flow is 5-25L/min, the welding speed is 150-400mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5-3 m/min;
(8) after the marine navigation device substrate 2 is processed and roughly polished, the inner layer 1 of the marine navigation device is processed by a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) device, and the processing parameters are as follows: the melting temperature is 200 ℃ and 250 ℃, the layer thickness is 0.05-0.3mm, and the printing speed is 20-60 mm/s;
(9) after the marine navigation device inner layer 1 is processed, the marine navigation device and the substrate are separated, turned over and clamped again, the marine navigation device outer layer 3 is continuously processed by a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) device, and the special point that the skin of the marine navigation device outer layer 3 is a shark skin groove-imitated shield scale structure is pointed out;
(10) after the whole marine navigation device is processed, the epoxy resin coating is added on the surface of the marine navigation device, so that the corrosion resistance is enhanced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A marine vessel composite structure characterized by being a resulting structure prepared by constructing a three-dimensional model of a marine vessel, on the basis of recognizable data commands converted from the three-dimensional model, using an arc additive manufacturing technique and a fused deposition modeling technique.
2. The marine vessel composite structure as claimed in claim 1, comprising three layers, the first layer being a marine vessel base disposed at an intermediate layer, the second layer being a marine vessel inner layer formed on an upper surface of the marine vessel base, and the third layer being a marine vessel outer layer formed on a lower surface of the marine vessel base.
3. The marine vessel composite structure of claim 2, wherein the marine vessel base is manufactured by co-axial wire feed arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy doped with rare earth elements in a specific ratio, and is a topologically optimized mechanical reinforcement structure; the inner layer and the outer layer of the marine navigation device are made of glass fiber/ABS composite materials, and the outer layer of the marine navigation device is of a shark skin groove-imitated shield scale structure.
4. A method for the additive manufacturing of a composite structure of a marine navigation device according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
s1, drawing a three-dimensional model of the marine navigation device adopting a topology optimization structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, and storing the three-dimensional model into an STL file format;
s2, processing the STL file by adopting the special additive manufacturing software, automatically generating and supporting a marine navigation device model, slicing the marine navigation device model, and outputting a program code which can be identified by additive manufacturing equipment;
s3, preparing mixed powder of aluminum alloy powder doped with rare earth elements by using a mechanical ball milling method, and adding the mixed powder into a wire feeding mechanism of an electric arc additive manufacturing device after preparing wires;
s4, preparing the glass fiber reinforced composite wire material by taking acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene as a main body;
s5, transmitting the program code obtained in the step S2 to additive manufacturing equipment, starting an electric arc additive manufacturing device to work by using the wire manufactured in the step S3 and adopting an electric arc additive manufacturing technology, and printing an aluminum alloy marine navigation device substrate on a substrate;
s6, after printing of the aluminum alloy marine navigation device substrate is completed, printing the inner layer of the marine navigation device by using the glass fiber reinforced composite wire prepared in the step S4 through a fused deposition modeling technology by using the fused deposition modeling device;
s7, after the printing on the upper part of the marine navigation device is finished, overturning the marine navigation device for re-clamping, and continuously printing the outer layer of the marine navigation device by using the glass fiber reinforced composite wire prepared in the step S4 through the fused deposition forming device;
and S8, after the whole marine navigation device is processed, adding an epoxy resin coating on the surface of the whole marine navigation device to obtain the composite structure of the marine navigation device.
5. The additive manufacturing method for marine vessel composite structure according to claim 3, wherein in step S1, the printed aluminum alloy marine vessel base body is provided with a topology optimization structure, the topology optimization structure is a porous microstructure or a lattice structure, and the porous microstructure comprises a single cell based on rod characteristics and a single cell based on curved surface characteristics.
6. The additive manufacturing method for marine navigation device composite structure according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the specific process of ball milling method is as follows: mixing aluminum alloy powder and rare earth elements according to a certain proportion, then vacuum-sealing in a ball-milling tank, filling with inert gas argon, setting the ball-material mass ratio at 1:1-10:1, setting the rotating speed at 50-500rpm/min, and performing ball-milling in an alternating circulation mode of rotating for 20min and stopping cooling for 10min, wherein the total time is 2-8 h.
7. The additive manufacturing method for marine navigation device composite structure according to claim 3 or 6, wherein in the step S3, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy powder is as follows: si: 9-11%, Mg: 0.3-0.7%, Fe: 0.1-0.5%, Cu: 0.05-0.3%, Zn: 0.01-0.05%, Mn: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Al;
the rare earth element is scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) or erbium (Er), and is added in the form of oxide, and can be Sc2O3、Y2O3、La2O3Or CeO2The mass fraction of the rare earth elements in the aluminum alloy mixed powder is 0.01-0.5%.
8. The additive manufacturing method for composite structure of marine vessel according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, the glass fiber reinforced composite filament is mainly composed of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and doped glass fiber content is 10-40%.
9. The additive manufacturing method for composite structure of marine navigation device as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S5, argon gas with a purity of 99.99% is used as shielding gas in the arc additive manufacturing device, the gas flow rate is 5-25L/min, the welding speed is 150-400mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 0.5-3m/min, and the substrate is preheated at a temperature range of 40-100 ℃.
10. The additive manufacturing method of a marine vessel composite structure according to claim 3, wherein in the steps S6 and S7, the parameters of the fused deposition modeling device are as follows: the melting temperature is 200-250 ℃, the layer thickness is 0.05-0.3mm, the printing speed is 20-60mm/s, and the preheating temperature of the printing platform is 30-60 ℃;
in the step S7, the surface of the outer layer of the printed marine navigation device has a bionic drag reduction microstructure, and the bionic drag reduction microstructure is a shark skin groove-imitated shield scale structure.
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| CN101513760A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-26 | 鲁毅 | Preparation method for replicating shark skin surface micro-structure |
| US20160152314A1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-02 | Raytheon Company | Composite Structural Component |
| US20200023584A1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2020-01-23 | California Institute Of Technology | Fabrication and design of composites with architected layers |
| US20200108893A1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-09 | Adam Jon Noah | Additive manufactured water resistant closed-cell lattice structure for marine hull cavities |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101513760A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-26 | 鲁毅 | Preparation method for replicating shark skin surface micro-structure |
| US20160152314A1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-02 | Raytheon Company | Composite Structural Component |
| US20200023584A1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2020-01-23 | California Institute Of Technology | Fabrication and design of composites with architected layers |
| US20200108893A1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-09 | Adam Jon Noah | Additive manufactured water resistant closed-cell lattice structure for marine hull cavities |
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