CN114217050A - Coal seam similar mining simulation device and coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method - Google Patents
Coal seam similar mining simulation device and coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal seam similar mining simulation device and a coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method.A coal seam is simulated to be mined through chains, each section of chain is pulled out to simulate a cutter of a coal mining machine, the mining speed can be simulated only by controlling the speed of pulling the chains, and the accuracy is high; the change conditions of a bottom rock stratum, a water-resisting layer, a water-bearing layer and an overlying rock stratum can be simulated; the chains can be completely drawn out, the collapse space of the overlying strata is not influenced, and the height of a real goaf can be simulated; the chain with a mechanical structure does not influence the cementing strength of the top and bottom plates and the surrounding rock of the model, and has the advantages of low cost, convenient operation and low failure rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal seam simulation mining, in particular to a coal seam similar mining simulation device and a coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method.
Background
Prior to coal mining, similar simulations are often used to predict the variation of coal and rock formations in advance. The similar material simulation experiment is a method for researching deformation and damage rules of rock mass under various different stress states on a physical model by applying a mechanical theory and a method according to a similar principle. The simulation experiment of the similar material can comprehensively simulate a prototype and visually display the mechanical process, and is one of effective ways for solving the mechanical problem of complex rocks. In the similar simulation test, how to effectively realize the simulation of coal seam mining is a key problem of the test.
At present, in a similar simulation experiment, the following methods are mainly used for simulating coal seam mining:
(1) the manual machine excavation formula. The method is the most traditional simulated coal seam excavation method aiming at the two-dimensional similarity simulation experiment, namely, the horizon where the coal seam is located is excavated manually by using an iron edge tool.
(2) An oil bag type. The position of the coal bed is replaced by a plurality of oil bags with certain specifications and sizes, and when the coal bed needs to be excavated, the oil bags are respectively decompressed, so that oil in the oil bags flows back to a pump station, and the coal bed excavation simulation is realized.
(3) And (4) a water bag type. The water bag type is similar to the oil bag type, namely a plurality of water bags with certain specification and size are adopted as simulated coal beds, and when excavation is needed, water in the water bags is discharged.
(4) And (4) hydraulic lifting. This mode is mainly to three-dimensional analog simulation experiment, is about to be connected iron plate and the pneumatic cylinder of certain specification and size, when needs exploitation, through the height that reduces the pneumatic cylinder, and then realizes simulating the coal seam excavation.
(5) And (4) electric heating. The resistance wire is sealed in paraffin, the paraffin replaces a coal seam, and when the coal seam needs to be excavated, the resistance wire is electrified, so that the paraffin is melted, and the coal seam excavation simulation is realized.
(6) An extraction robot. Aiming at a three-dimensional analog simulation experiment and a complete coal seam mining process, the coal cutting device needs to be pre-embedded in advance at a cut-off position, and is driven to move through a plurality of mechanical transmission devices to complete coal cutting.
The existing coal seam mining simulation mode has the following technical defects:
(1) in the manual mechanical excavation mode, the excavation process is influenced by factors such as excavation intensity of operators, different excavation intervals and the like, and a simulation result is converted by a similarity coefficient to cause a large error;
(2) due to the shape limitation of the oil bag/water bag, the oil/water is still left at a distance after being discharged and reduced, the height of a real goaf under the condition of complete mining cannot be simulated, and the collapse space under an overlying strata is influenced.
(3) Hydraulic lifting type cannot be used for a coal seam floor.
(4) The electric heating type paraffin wax melting device has the advantages that the cementing strength of a top plate, a bottom plate and surrounding rocks of a model can be affected after paraffin wax is melted, the top plate is not prone to collapse, the paraffin wax is stored in a goaf after being melted, and a collapse space of an overlying strata can be affected after the paraffin wax is solidified again.
(5) The mining robot and the micro mining robot technology are not applied in the actual simulation test due to high cost, complex technology, high failure rate and the like.
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a coal seam similar mining simulation device and a coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method, which have the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, low cost and capability of accurately mining a coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a coal seam similar mining simulation device and a coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method which are simple in structure, convenient to operate and low in cost and can accurately mine a coal seam.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a coal seam similar mining simulation device which comprises a box body, a bottom rock stratum paved on a bottom plate of the box body, a coal seam paved on the bottom rock stratum, a water-resisting layer paved on the coal seam, a water-bearing layer paved on the water-resisting layer and an overlying rock stratum paved on the water-bearing layer;
the box body side plate of the box body is made of toughened glass, wherein a protective bracket is arranged on the outer side of each piece of toughened glass;
a chain outlet extending along the left-right direction is formed in one piece of toughened glass positioned on the front side of the box body;
the coal seam to be mined is simulated by a chain paved on the bottom rock stratum, the chain comprises a plurality of chain sections which are sequentially connected end to end, and a chain rotating shaft of the chain is vertical to the bottom rock stratum;
the chain segments extend along the left and right direction of the bottom rock stratum, and the plurality of chain segments are sequentially arranged on the bottom rock stratum along the front and back direction;
the height of the chain is less than the height of the chain outlet, and the chain can be pulled out of the chain outlet to simulate coal seam excavation.
In one of the optional technical scheme, the front side of box is installed and is used for the pull the sprocket of chain, the sprocket is in the front side of chain export, the sprocket pivot of sprocket with the chain pivot is parallel, the sprocket pivot is installed and is in the front side of box on the protection support.
In one optional technical scheme, a driving motor for driving the chain wheel rotating shaft to rotate is further installed on the protection support located on the front side of the box body, and the output end of the driving motor is connected with the chain wheel rotating shaft.
In one optional technical scheme, a support plate is mounted on the protective bracket at the front side of the box body, a support plate opening parallel to the chain outlet is formed in the support plate, a slider bearing capable of sliding along the support plate opening is arranged in the support plate opening, and the sprocket rotating shaft is matched with the slider bearing;
a support sliding rail parallel to the opening of the supporting plate is also arranged on the protective support positioned on the front side of the box body, and the driving motor is connected with the support sliding rail in a sliding manner;
and the support plate is also provided with a reciprocating driving mechanism for driving the sliding block bearing to slide in a reciprocating manner.
In one optional technical scheme, the reciprocating driving mechanism is a piston, a cylinder barrel of the piston is connected with the supporting plate, and a piston rod of the piston is connected with the slider bearing.
In one optional technical scheme, a baffle plate for preventing the chain from falling off is arranged on one side of the chain wheel, the upper end of the baffle plate is connected with the slide block bearing, and the lower end of the baffle plate is positioned below the chain wheel;
a channel for the chain to pass through is formed between the baffle and the chain wheel.
In an optional technical scheme, a guide plate for guiding the chain to fall is installed on one side, facing the chain wheel, of the lower end of the baffle;
the guide plate extends obliquely downward and forward from the lower end of the baffle plate.
In one optional technical scheme, a pressurizing mechanism is installed above the overburden.
In one optional technical scheme, simulation tunnels are arranged on the left side and the right side of the chain.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method, which adopts the coal seam similar mining simulation device of any one of the technical schemes;
the coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
s1: cameras are installed on the periphery of the box body, and photographing time intervals are preset;
s2: pulling out the chain from the chain outlet at a preset speed until the chain is pulled out completely;
s3: and arranging the images shot by the camera to obtain the change rules of the bottom rock stratum, the water-resisting layer, the water-bearing layer and the overlying rock stratum.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the coal bed similar mining simulation device and the coal bed similar mining simulation experiment method, the coal bed is simulated to be mined through the chains, each chain section is pulled out to simulate the cutting of a coal mining machine for one time, the mining speed can be simulated only by controlling the speed of pulling the chains, and the accuracy is high; the change conditions of a bottom rock stratum, a water-resisting layer, a water-bearing layer and an overlying rock stratum can be simulated; the chains can be completely drawn out, the collapse space of the overlying strata is not influenced, and the height of a real goaf can be simulated; the chain with a mechanical structure does not influence the cementing strength of the top and bottom plates and the surrounding rock of the model, and has the advantages of low cost, convenient operation and low failure rate.
Drawings
The disclosure of the present invention will become more readily understood by reference to the drawings. It should be understood that: these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the figure:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a coal seam similar mining simulation apparatus along a left-right direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front-to-back cross-sectional view of a coal seam similar mining simulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a tempered glass with a chain exit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the chain arrangement;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the protective bracket;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the support plate;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a slider bearing;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection of the rack rail and the slide bar;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a reciprocating drive mechanism coupled between a support plate and a slider bearing;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a baffle plate coupled to a slider bearing disposed on one side of a sprocket;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the engagement of the chain with the sprocket;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the lower end of the baffle plate fitted with a guide plate;
FIG. 13 is a schematic drawing of the chain outwardly through the sprockets.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5 and 13, the coal seam similar mining simulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a casing 100, a bottom rock layer 1 laid on a floor of the casing 100, a coal seam 2 laid on the bottom rock layer 1, a water barrier layer 5 laid on the coal seam 2, an aquifer 6 laid on the water barrier layer 5, and an overburden 7 laid on the aquifer 6.
The side plate of the box body 100 is toughened glass 101, wherein the outer side of each piece of toughened glass 101 is provided with a protective bracket 200.
A tempered glass 101 at the front side of the cabinet 100 is provided with a chain exit 102 extending in the left-right direction.
The coal seam to be mined is simulated by the chain 3 laid on the bottom rock stratum 1, the chain 3 comprises a plurality of chain sections 31 which are sequentially connected end to end, and a chain rotating shaft 32 of the chain 3 is vertical to the bottom rock stratum 1.
The chain strand 31 extends in the left-right direction of the bottom layer 1, and a plurality of chain strands 31 are arranged in this order in the front-rear direction on the bottom layer 1.
The height of the chain 3 is less than the height of the chain exit 102 and the chain 3 can be pulled out of the chain exit 102 to simulate a coal seam cut.
The coal seam similar mining simulation device provided by the invention is used for simulating coal seam mining through the chain 3.
The coal bed similar mining simulation device comprises a box body 100, wherein the box body comprises a box body bottom plate, a box body top plate and four box body side plates. In order to facilitate the camera to shoot the change rule of the internal rock stratum, the four box body side plates are made of toughened glass 101. The side of the box body facing the chain drawing operator is called a front side, the opposite side is called a rear side, and the direction perpendicular to the front-rear direction is the left-right direction. In order to provide protection to the tempered glass 101, a protective bracket 200 is installed at the outer side of each tempered glass 101. The protective bracket 200 is a frame structure, and includes a bracket bottom plate 201, a bracket top plate 202 and two bracket side plates 203. A bracket cross beam 204 is connected between the two bracket side plates 203. The rack bottom plate 201, the rack top plate 202 and the two rack side plates 203 are positioned outside the peripheral edge of the tempered glass 101.
A chain exit 102 is opened in the front tempered glass 101, and extends horizontally in the left-right direction.
A bottom rock stratum 1 (coal seam floor), a coal seam 2, a water barrier 5 (coal seam roof), a water-bearing stratum 6, and an overburden 7 are laid or constructed in this order from bottom to top in the casing 100. According to actual needs, each rock stratum or multiple layers of coal seams 2 can be constructed or paved selectively.
Wherein the coal seam to be mined of the coal seam 2 consists of chains 3. The chain 3 is a whole chain, and the chain 3 is arranged on the bottom rock 1 in a bent manner along the direction of the arrow shown in fig. 4, so that the chain 3 is divided into a plurality of chain segments 31 which are connected end to end in sequence. Each chain strand 31 is parallel to the chain exit 102, i.e. extends in the left-right direction. A plurality of chain segments 31 are arranged in series in the front-rear direction on the bottom rock layer 1. The chain rotation axis 32 of the chain 3 is perpendicular to the bottom strata 1 and the height of the chain 3 is less than the height of the chain exit 102, thereby enabling the chain 3 to be pulled out of the chain exit 102 to simulate coal seam excavation. In laying chain 3, one end of the foremost chain strand 31 is first extended from chain exit 102 for the operator to pull out chain 3.
When coal mining needs to be simulated, cameras are installed around the box body 100, and photographing time intervals are preset. And then pulling out the chain 3 from the chain outlet 102 according to a preset speed until the chain 3 is pulled out completely, wherein the preset speed is determined according to the actual coal mining speed multiplied by the similarity ratio of the coal seam similar mining simulation device. Then, images shot by the camera are arranged, and image data are led into a computer for drawing, so that the change rules of the bottom rock stratum 1, the water-resisting layer 5, the aquifer 6 and the overlying rock stratum 7 are obtained.
In this embodiment, the experimenter can hold the chain 3 and pull out it at a constant speed according to the preset speed.
Therefore, the coal seam similar mining simulation device provided by the invention simulates the mining of a coal seam through the chains 3, each chain section 31 is pulled out to simulate the cutting of a coal mining machine, the mining speed can be simulated only by controlling the speed of pulling the chains 3, and the accuracy is high; the change conditions of the bottom rock stratum 1, the water-resisting layer 5, the water-bearing layer 6 and the overlying rock stratum 7 can be simulated; the chains 3 can be completely drawn out, the collapse space of the overlying strata is not influenced, and the height of a real goaf can be simulated; the chain 3 with a mechanical structure does not influence the cementing strength of the top and bottom plates and the surrounding rock of the model, and has low cost, convenient operation and low failure rate.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 13, a sprocket 9 for drawing the chain 3 is installed at the front side of the case 100, the sprocket 9 is located at the front side of the chain exit 102, a sprocket rotating shaft 91 of the sprocket 9 is parallel to the chain rotating shaft 32, and the sprocket rotating shaft 91 is installed on the protective bracket 200 located at the front side of the case 100.
In this embodiment, the front protection bracket 200 is provided with a sprocket rotating shaft 91, and the sprocket rotating shaft 91 can be connected with the bracket beam 204 through a bearing. The sprocket 9 is mounted on the sprocket shaft 91. The sprocket 9 is at the front side of the chain exit 102. During the experiment, can mesh chain 3 and sprocket 9, operating personnel accessible handle rotation sprocket pivot 91, sprocket pivot 91 drives sprocket 9 and rotates, and then pulls out chain 3 at the uniform velocity. The pulled-out chain 3 can be retracted under and in front of the sprocket 9 without having to wrap around the sprocket 9 to avoid interfering with the engagement with the following chain 3.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a driving motor 10 for driving the sprocket rotating shaft 91 to rotate is further mounted on the protection bracket 200 at the front side of the box 100, and an output end of the driving motor 10 is connected to the sprocket rotating shaft 91.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 5 to 8, a support plate 11 is mounted on the protection bracket 200 at the front side of the case 100, the support plate 11 has a support plate opening 111 parallel to the chain exit 102, a slider bearing 12 capable of sliding along the support plate opening 111 is disposed in the support plate opening 111, and the sprocket rotating shaft 91 is engaged with the slider bearing 12.
A support slide rail 13 parallel to the support plate opening 111 is further disposed on the protection support 200 at the front side of the case 100, and the driving motor 10 is slidably connected to the support slide rail 13.
The support plate 11 is also provided with a reciprocating drive mechanism 15 for driving the slider bearing 12 to slide back and forth.
In this embodiment, the sprocket 9 can be moved back and forth in the left-right direction to synchronize with the drawing speed of the chain 3, so that the protruding portion of the chain 3 is kept facing all the time without being inclined, and the chain 3 can be drawn out easily.
A horizontally extending support plate 11 is mounted on the front side protection bracket 200. The support plate 11 has a support plate opening 111 therein, and the support plate opening 111 is parallel to the chain exit 102. The slider bearing 12 is disposed in the support plate opening 111, and the slider bearing 12 is slidable along the support plate opening 111. The side wall of the support plate opening 111 has a guide groove 112. The outer ring of the slider bearing 12 is provided with a convex block, the outer ring of the slider bearing 12 is in clearance fit in the supporting plate opening 111, the convex block is in clearance fit in the guide groove 112, and the convex block can limit the slider bearing 12 up and down. The sprocket shaft 91 engages the inner race of the slider bearing 12. The inner ring of the slider bearing 12 is rotatable relative to the outer ring of the slider bearing 12. The support plate 11 may be mounted on the bracket beam 204. The front protection bracket 200 is further provided with a bracket slide rail 13, and the bracket slide rail 13 is parallel to the support plate opening 111. The bracket rail 13 may be mounted on the bracket beam 204. Only two support beams 204 are shown in fig. 3, and of course, a plurality of support beams 204 are arranged as necessary.
A slide rod 14 extending horizontally forward is mounted on the bracket slide rail 13. The support slide rail 13 is a slide groove, a cross-shaped guide groove is formed in the slide rail, and a cross-shaped convex rib is arranged at the rear end of the slide rod 14 and is in clearance fit with the cross-shaped guide groove. The front side of the bracket slide rail 13 is provided with an opening of the slide groove. The slide rod 14 passes out of the opening of the chute. The slide bar 14 is slidable along the rack slide rail 13. The driving motor 10 is connected below the slide bar 14 by a fastener.
The support plate 11 is provided with a reciprocating drive mechanism 15, the output end of the reciprocating drive mechanism 15 is connected with a connecting plate on the outer ring of the slider bearing 12, and the reciprocating drive mechanism 15 is used for driving the slider bearing 12 to slide back and forth along the support plate opening 111.
According to the requirement, a limit sensor 113 can be arranged at the left end and the right end of the opening 111 of the supporting plate or at the limit position of the left-right movement of the slide block bearing 12, and the limit sensor 113 is connected with the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 and is used for transmitting a position signal to the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 so that the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 can adjust the direction of pushing the slide block bearing 12.
Taking fig. 13 as an example, the rotation speed of the driving motor 10 and the speed of the push-pull slider bearing 12 of the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 are set in advance according to the preset speed, and the speed of the push-pull slider bearing 12 of the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 is equal to the preset speed.
And starting the driving motor 10 and the reciprocating driving mechanism 15, wherein the driving motor 10 drives the sprocket rotating shaft 91 to rotate anticlockwise, the sprocket 9 is driven to rotate to pull the chain 3, meanwhile, the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 pushes the slider bearing 12 to the right side of figure 13, the slider bearing 12 drives the sprocket rotating shaft 91 to synchronously move rightwards, and the sprocket rotating shaft 91 drives the sprocket 9 to synchronously move rightwards. When the slide bearing 12 moves to the right, the right limit sensor 113 sends a signal to the reciprocating drive mechanism 15, the reciprocating drive mechanism 15 pulls the slide bearing 12 to the left, the drive motor 10 keeps driving the chain wheel 9 to rotate counterclockwise, the chain 3 is continuously pulled out, the slide bearing 12 drives the chain wheel rotating shaft 91 and the chain wheel 9 to synchronously move to the left, when the slide bearing 12 moves to the right, the left limit sensor 113 sends a signal to the reciprocating drive mechanism 15, and the reciprocating drive mechanism 15 pushes the slide bearing 12 to the right. The reciprocating operation is carried out until the chain 3 is completely pulled out, and the driving motor 10 and the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 are turned off. In the whole process, the pulled-out part of the chain 3 is vertical to the toughened glass 110, so that the condition that the pulling speed of the chain 3 is influenced by the inclination of the chain and the matching with the chain wheel 9 can be avoided.
The reciprocating driving mechanism 15 can select a motor, a gear and a rack device, and can also select a piston device such as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder and the like, and can realize automatic control.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the reciprocating drive mechanism 15 is a piston, a cylinder 151 of the piston is connected with the support plate 11, and a piston rod 152 of the piston is connected with the slider bearing 12.
In this embodiment, the reciprocating driving mechanism 15 is a piston, which is convenient to install.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10-11, a baffle 16 for preventing the chain 3 from falling off is arranged on one side of the chain wheel 9, the upper end of the baffle 16 is connected with the slider bearing 12, and the lower end of the baffle 16 is positioned below the chain wheel 9. A passage 17 for the passage of the chain 3 is formed between the flap 16 and the sprocket 9.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the baffle 16 is connected to the bottom of the outer ring of the slider bearing 12, which can move synchronously with the slider bearing 12. The flap 16 is on the side of the sprocket 9 that receives the chain 3, and in fig. 11 and 13, the flap 16 is on the left side of the sprocket 9. The lower end of the baffle 16 is positioned below the chain wheel 9, and the width of the baffle 16 is larger than the length of 3 chain sheets in the chain 3. Between the baffle 16 and the sprocket 9, a channel 17 is formed, the width of the channel 17 being slightly greater than the width of the chain 3, so as to ensure that the chain 3 engages at least one tooth of the sprocket 9 and to prevent the chain 3 from falling off the sprocket 9
In one of the embodiments, as shown in fig. 10 and 12, a guide plate 161 for guiding the chain 3 to fall is installed on a side of the lower end of the baffle 16 facing the sprocket 9. The guide plate 161 extends obliquely downward and forward from the lower end of the baffle plate 16. The chain 3 leaving the channel 17 automatically falls onto the guide plate 161 and slides forward and downward for retraction.
In one embodiment, shown in fig. 1-2, a pressurization mechanism 8 is mounted above overburden 7 to simulate pressurization of overburden 7. The pressurizing mechanism 8 may select an air bag, or a combination of an oil cylinder 81 and a pressure plate 82.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 13, the left and right sides of the chain 3 have dummy lanes 4. When the coal seam 2 is constructed, two wooden boxes can be placed on two sides of a to-be-mined area of the coal seam, after the similar layers are constructed, the wooden boxes can be drawn out, so that the simulation roadway 4 is formed, and the change of the simulation roadway 4 can be observed during the experiment, so that a corresponding supporting scheme is provided for subsequent coal mining.
Referring to fig. 1 to 13, an embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation experiment method for coal seam similar mining, which uses the simulation apparatus for coal seam similar mining described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
The coal bed similar mining simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
s1: cameras are installed around the box 100, and a photographing time interval is preset.
S2: the chain 3 is pulled out of the chain exit 102 at a preset speed until the chain 3 is completely pulled out.
S3: and (3) arranging the images shot by the camera to obtain the change rules of the bottom rock stratum 1, the water-resisting layer 5, the water-bearing layer 6 and the overlying rock stratum 7.
When the coal seam similar mining simulation device is used for simulating coal seam mining, cameras are installed around the box body 100, and photographing time intervals are preset. And then pulling out the chain 3 from the chain outlet 102 according to a preset speed until the chain 3 is pulled out completely, wherein the preset speed is determined according to the actual coal mining speed multiplied by the similarity ratio of the coal seam similar mining simulation device. Then, images shot by the camera are arranged, and image data are led into a computer for drawing, so that the change rules of the bottom rock stratum 1, the water-resisting layer 5, the aquifer 6 and the overlying rock stratum 7 are obtained.
Therefore, the coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method provided by the invention simulates the mining of the coal seam through the chains 3, each chain section 31 is pulled out to simulate the cutting of a coal mining machine, the mining speed can be simulated by only controlling the speed of pulling the chains 3, and the accuracy is high; the change conditions of the bottom rock stratum 1, the water-resisting layer 5, the water-bearing layer 6 and the overlying rock stratum 7 can be simulated; the chains 3 can be completely drawn out, the collapse space of the overlying strata is not influenced, and the height of a real goaf can be simulated; the chain 3 with a mechanical structure does not influence the cementing strength of the top and bottom plates and the surrounding rock of the model, and has low cost, convenient operation and low failure rate.
According to the needs, the above technical schemes can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made on the basis of the principle of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be regarded.
Claims (10)
1. A coal seam similar mining simulation device is characterized by comprising a box body, a bottom rock stratum paved on a bottom plate of the box body, a coal seam paved on the bottom rock stratum, a water-resisting layer paved on the coal seam, a water-bearing layer paved on the water-resisting layer and an overlying rock stratum paved on the water-bearing layer;
the box body side plate of the box body is made of toughened glass, wherein a protective bracket is arranged on the outer side of each piece of toughened glass;
a chain outlet extending along the left-right direction is formed in one piece of toughened glass positioned on the front side of the box body;
the coal seam to be mined is simulated by a chain paved on the bottom rock stratum, the chain comprises a plurality of chain sections which are sequentially connected end to end, and a chain rotating shaft of the chain is vertical to the bottom rock stratum;
the chain segments extend along the left and right direction of the bottom rock stratum, and the plurality of chain segments are sequentially arranged on the bottom rock stratum along the front and back direction;
the height of the chain is less than the height of the chain outlet, and the chain can be pulled out of the chain outlet to simulate coal seam excavation.
2. The coal seam similar mining simulation device of claim 1, wherein a sprocket for drawing the chain is installed at the front side of the box body, the sprocket is located at the front side of the chain outlet, a sprocket rotating shaft of the sprocket is parallel to the chain rotating shaft, and the sprocket rotating shaft is installed on the protective bracket located at the front side of the box body.
3. The coal seam similar mining simulation device of claim 2, wherein a driving motor for driving the chain wheel rotating shaft to rotate is further mounted on the protective support at the front side of the box body, and the output end of the driving motor is connected with the chain wheel rotating shaft.
4. The coal seam similar mining simulation device of claim 3, wherein a support plate is mounted on the protective bracket at the front side of the box body, a support plate opening parallel to the chain outlet is formed in the support plate, a slider bearing capable of sliding along the support plate opening is arranged in the support plate opening, and the chain wheel rotating shaft is matched with the slider bearing;
a support sliding rail parallel to the opening of the supporting plate is also arranged on the protective support positioned on the front side of the box body, and the driving motor is connected with the support sliding rail in a sliding manner;
and the support plate is also provided with a reciprocating driving mechanism for driving the sliding block bearing to slide in a reciprocating manner.
5. The coal seam similar mining simulation device of claim 4, wherein the reciprocating driving mechanism is a piston, a cylinder barrel of the piston is connected with the supporting plate, and a piston rod of the piston is connected with the sliding block bearing.
6. The coal seam similar mining simulation device according to claim 3, wherein a baffle plate for preventing the chain from falling off is arranged on one side of the chain wheel, the upper end of the baffle plate is connected with the sliding block bearing, and the lower end of the baffle plate is positioned below the chain wheel;
a channel for the chain to pass through is formed between the baffle and the chain wheel.
7. The coal seam similar mining simulation device of claim 6, wherein a guide plate for guiding the chain to fall is installed on one side of the lower end of the baffle plate facing the chain wheel;
the guide plate extends obliquely downward and forward from the lower end of the baffle plate.
8. A coal seam similar mining simulation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein a pressurising mechanism is mounted above the overburden.
9. Coal seam similar mining simulation device according to any of the claims 1-8, characterized in that the left and right sides of the chain have simulation galleries.
10. A coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method, which is characterized in that the coal seam similar mining simulation device of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted;
the coal seam similar mining simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
s1: cameras are installed on the periphery of the box body, and photographing time intervals are preset;
s2: pulling out the chain from the chain outlet at a preset speed until the chain is pulled out completely;
s3: and arranging the images shot by the camera to obtain the change rules of the bottom rock stratum, the water-resisting layer, the water-bearing layer and the overlying rock stratum.
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