CN114145232A - Method for modification, upgrade and environment optimization of ecological breeding barns of large-scale cattle farms - Google Patents
Method for modification, upgrade and environment optimization of ecological breeding barns of large-scale cattle farms Download PDFInfo
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- CN114145232A CN114145232A CN202111451103.6A CN202111451103A CN114145232A CN 114145232 A CN114145232 A CN 114145232A CN 202111451103 A CN202111451103 A CN 202111451103A CN 114145232 A CN114145232 A CN 114145232A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/01—Removal of dung or urine, e.g. from stables
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for environment modification and optimization of a large-scale cattle farm ecological breeding pen house, which comprises the following parts; the method comprises the following steps of (I) reforming an ecological cowshed: comprises the steps of modifying a cowshed, a playground and a cattle bed; (II) environmental control of the ecological cowshed; control is carried out by combining an automatic control system of the cowshed environment, which comprises the following steps: 2.1: controlling the temperature of the ecological cowshed; 2.2: controlling the humidity and harmful gases of the ecological cowshed; 2.3: controlling the illumination of the ecological cowshed; 2.4: controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed; 2.5: and controlling the feeding density of the ecological cowshed. The invention eliminates the adverse factors in the environment and creates the beneficial factors by an artificial method so as to ensure that the beef cattle can obtain good growth and development and higher production capacity, and is in a more suitable and stable environment to obtain satisfactory feeding effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological breeding system of a cattle farm, in particular to a method for transformation and upgrade and environment optimization of a large-scale cattle farm ecological breeding stall.
Background
The production benefit of the beef cattle breeding industry not only depends on the variety and feed nutrition of the beef cattle, but also depends on the feeding environmental conditions of the beef cattle, and the environmental control of the cattle shed is an important link for the high-quality development of the beef cattle breeding industry in China at present. The cowshed is the main place for cattle activities and production, and the design type and environmental factors of the cowshed can directly or indirectly influence the growth and fattening effects of individual beef cattle. The method is characterized in that the method belongs to subtropical humid climate in southern areas of China in Guangxi province, the development of beef cattle breeding industry is seriously influenced by continuous high temperature in summer, the feed intake of beef cattle is reduced by light people, the feed utilization rate is reduced, beef cattle are gradually thinned by heavy people, the body immunity is reduced, and even the beef cattle die in severe situations, so that huge economic loss is caused to beef cattle breeding. Heatstroke prevention and cooling measures:
1: the roof is made of heat insulating material, and when the external temperature exceeds 320 ℃, cold water is sprinkled on the roof.
2: the ventilation is enhanced, and the ventilation quantity is increased by using a speed-regulating fan, so that the airflow speed in the house reaches 1.2-2.0 m/s.
3: broad-leaved trees are planted around the cowshed, and the environment temperature outside the cowshed can be reduced by utilizing the heat absorption of water evaporated by the trees and the shading of leaves, so as to change the microclimate environment of the field. According to the measurement, the greening can reduce the content of harmful gas in the air of a large-scale cattle farm by more than 25 percent, reduce the odor in the air of the farm by 50 percent, reduce the dust by 35 to 37 percent and reduce the bacteria in the air by 22 to 79 percent. In addition, greening can reduce noise, because green plants have an absorbing and reflecting effect on noise, reducing the noise intensity by about 25%.
4: and (4) building a sunshade on the playground. Practice proves that the heat transmitted into the cowshed can be reduced by 17-35% through sun shading.
In order to ensure that the beef cattle can grow well and obtain higher production capacity, the unfavorable factors in the environment are eliminated by an artificial method, and the favorable factors are created and are in a more suitable and stable environment to obtain a satisfactory feeding effect, which is the final aim of cow house improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a method for environment improvement and optimization of a large-scale cattle farm ecological breeding pen house, which comprises the following steps of firstly, well ventilating and sufficiently lighting; secondly, the utility model is convenient for entering and exiting, and is suitable for mechanized operation and cleaning; thirdly, the heat can be preserved in winter, and the heatstroke can be prevented in summer; fourthly, the treatment of external and internal environments is fully considered, and the surrounding land has the capacity of pollutants and does not pollute the environment.
Based on the requirements, the method for environment improvement and optimization of the ecological breeding pen house of the large-scale cattle farm
Comprises the following parts;
the method comprises the following steps of (I) reforming an ecological cowshed: comprises the steps of modifying a cowshed, a playground and a cattle bed;
(II) environmental control of the ecological cowshed; control is carried out by combining an automatic control system of the cowshed environment, which comprises the following steps: 2.1: controlling the temperature of the ecological cowshed;
2.2: controlling the humidity and harmful gases of the ecological cowshed;
2.3: controlling the illumination of the ecological cowshed;
2.4: controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed;
2.5: and controlling the feeding density of the ecological cowshed.
The invention further improves that: wherein, the transformation part of the ecological cowshed comprises: the main structure of the cowshed adopts a full-open type cowshed main structure, adopts a steel frame structure, adopts a double-slope double-row opposite head type and has a north-south trend according to the climatic characteristics in the south; a cement floor; the roof adopts a 5 cm foam double-layer sandwich tile, and a sandwich color steel plate has heat insulation and heat preservation; water guiding grooves are arranged on the south and north sides, edges are broken by adopting 120PVC pipes, water is poured on the two sides, and a tripod type rain shelter is adopted on the east, west, south and north sides, and the gradient is 4: 1;
the sports ground adopts a cement ground surface, the roof surface adopts color steel tiles and transparent tiles which are combined and arranged, and drinking troughs, namely automatic drinking fountains for cattle, are arranged on two sides of the sports ground; the automatic water inlet control device comprises a stainless steel water tank, wherein a water inlet pipe is arranged in the stainless steel water tank, a valve drain pipe is arranged at the other end of the stainless steel water tank, a water inlet automatic control valve 22 is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and a floor drain is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel water tank.
Wherein, the cattle bed and the playground are both paved with 10-20 cm of biological padding made of agricultural wastes.
The invention further improves that: the cowshed environment automatic control system comprises a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, an operational amplifier module, an A/D converter, a single chip microcomputer and an intelligent display driving chip module; the device comprises a digital display module, a current collector, a ventilation mechanism and a heating mechanism; the signals obtained by the temperature sensor module and the humidity sensor module are amplified by the operational amplifier module and then input to the A/D converter to be converted into digital quantity which is sent to the singlechip; under normal conditions, signals input by temperature and humidity sensors are small, the single chip microcomputer inputs low level, and the ventilation mechanism does not work; once the temperature, the humidity and the set value in the cowshed do not accord with each other, the single chip microcomputer controls the relay through an instruction to enable the heating mechanism and the ventilation mechanism to be opened or closed, and the environment in the cowshed is guaranteed to meet the specified requirements.
The invention further improves that: wherein 2.1 the temperature of the ecological cowshed is controlled; the method comprises the following steps:
step 211: adopting heat insulating materials on the roof of the cowshed;
step 212: the cowshed environment automatic control system increases the ventilation volume, and the airflow speed in the cowshed can reach 1.2-2.0 m/s.
Step 213: broad-leaved trees are planted around the cowshed, and the environment temperature outside the cowshed can be reduced by utilizing the heat absorption of the evaporated moisture of the trees and the shading of the leaves so as to change the microclimate environment of the field;
step 214: building a sunshade on the playground;
step 215: in winter, a wind-shielding curtain wall with the height of 3 meters is arranged on the north side of the cowshed.
The invention further improves that: wherein 2.2 humidity and harmful gas's control to open type cowshed, adopts the natural draft mode, and cowshed environment automatic control system mechanical draft in summer high temperature period.
The invention further improves that: wherein 2.3 control of illumination: the ecological cowshed mainly adopts natural lighting, wherein the roof surface of the sports ground adopts the combination of color steel tiles and transparent tiles, and the transparent tiles account for 25-30% of the roof surface.
The invention further improves that: wherein 2.4: controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed; enhancing the ventilation of the animal house; strictly executing a disinfection system, arranging a disinfection tank at the door, installing an ultraviolet lamp indoors, and placing 2-3% of sodium hydroxide solution or 0.2-0.4% of peroxyacetic acid and other disinfectant in the tank; meanwhile, the worker enters the production area and must replace the working clothes.
The invention further improves that: wherein 2.5: the control of the feeding density of the ecological cowshed, the biological padding cattle bed area of the beef cattle at different physiological stages in the ecological cowshed: the electric material bed for breeding cows is more than or equal to 5.0m 2/head; parturition cow is more than or equal to 10.0m2A/head; the calf is more than or equal to 2.0m2A/head; the bred cattle is more than or equal to 3.0m2A/head; fattening cattle is more than or equal to 4.0m2Head of the device.
The invention further improves that: wherein 1 liter of microbial strain in the biological padding is sprayed on every 20 square meters of padding; the microbial strain is a compound bacterium consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis, and has strong capability of decomposing harmful gas and feces in the padding.
The invention further improves that: the supplement of the biological padding can adopt the excrement of the breeding cattle in the cowshed to be fermented by a cattle bed padding regeneration system, and the processed solid is used as the cattle bed padding or directly made into organic fertilizer to be returned to the field; conveying the substances in the excrement collecting pool into a solid-liquid separator on a cattle bed padding regeneration system, separating solid substances by the separator, conveying the solid substances to a fermentation roller by a screw conveyor, and performing rapid high-temperature fermentation to kill harmful bacteria; finally, discharging the produced solid through a continuous processing mechanism;
the continuous treatment discharging mechanism comprises a first drying bin and a second drying bin; wherein a plurality of turnover shafts are sequentially arranged in the first drying bin from top to bottom; each overturning shaft is provided with a plurality of scraping plates; the end part of each turnover shaft is connected with a forward and reverse rotating motor; the rotation modes of two adjacent turnover shafts are opposite, a plurality of first rake rods are sequentially arranged at the end part of each scraper, and a plurality of second rake rods are arranged on the surface of each scraper; a third harrow bar is arranged between every two adjacent second harrow bars; the third rake lever and the second rake lever are not on the same horizontal plane;
the bottom of the first drying bin is communicated with the top of the second drying bin through a plurality of discharge pipes; the second drying bin is sequentially provided with a plurality of vertical shafts from left to right; each vertical shaft is fixedly connected with a top rotating motor; and sieve plates are respectively arranged at the two ends of the vertical shaft in a vertically staggered manner.
Conveying the cow dung to a solid-liquid separator 1 on a cow bed padding regeneration system through a lifting pump conveyor to separate solid substances, conveying the solid substances to a fermentation roller through a screw conveyor to perform rapid high-temperature fermentation so as to kill harmful bacteria; finally, conveying the produced solid to a continuous processing mechanism through a conveying belt for discharging;
firstly, the rotation modes of two adjacent turnover shafts are opposite, and the first rake lever, the second rake lever and the third rake lever are used for ensuring that the cattle bed padding is turned over in multiple dimensions; the third harrow bar 1 and the second harrow bar are not on the same horizontal plane; the stirring and drying efficiency is further increased, and the dryness of the cattle bed padding is improved; finally, the mixture is sent into a second drying bin through a discharge pipe; the rotating motor drives the vertical shaft to rotate, the sieve plate is utilized to separate the materials after the materials are scattered through the sieve plate, the dryness and the fluffy degree of the materials are increased, and the quality of the padding is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: has the advantages that:
1. in order to ensure that the beef cattle can obtain good growth and development, obtain higher production capacity and create favorable factors, the beef cattle is kept in a more suitable and stable environment so as to obtain satisfactory feeding effect.
2. The ventilation is good, and the light is sufficient; secondly, the utility model is convenient for entering and exiting, and is suitable for mechanized operation and cleaning; no pollution to the environment.
3. The cattle shed padding is recycled or directly made into organic fertilizer to be returned to the field, an ecological mode of resource and efficient utilization of agricultural wastes is established, zero-emission cultivation, no odor and capability of relieving the environmental pollution problem of large-scale farms are realized, crop nutrients are recycled to the field, circular economy and ecological agriculture are developed, and agricultural sustainable development is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic cowshed environment control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bedding material regeneration system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the continuous processing mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first drying bin;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the cowshed;
fig. 6, a diagram of an automatic drinking device for cattle.
List of reference numerals:
wherein 1-a solid-liquid separator; 2-a screw conveyor; 3-a fermentation drum; 4-a first drying bin; 5-a second drying bin; 6-turning over the shaft; 7-a scraper; 8-a first rake lever; 9-a second rake lever; 10-a third rake; 11-a discharge pipe; 12-vertical axis; 13-a rotating electrical machine; 14-sieve plate; 15-a feces collection tank; 16-a lift pump conveyor; 17-a conveyor belt; 18-positive and negative rotation motor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The embodiment provides a method for environment improvement and optimization of a large-scale cattle farm ecological breeding pen house aiming at a cattle farm cattle house of a certain farming and animal husbandry limited company of Guangxi city defense harbor
Comprises the following parts;
the method comprises the following steps of (I) reforming an ecological cowshed: comprises the steps of modifying a cowshed, a playground and a cattle bed;
as shown in fig. 5, the modified part of the ecological cowshed (i) comprises: according to the climatic characteristics in the south, the cowshed type is still designed into a full-open type cowshed main body structure according to the original design, a steel frame structure is adopted, the double-slope double-row head alignment type is adopted, the length is 33 meters, the width is 18 meters, the height is 3.8 meters, and the trend of the south and the north is reached. The cowshed and the playground use metal cantilever type barriers with the height of 1200 cm and the height of the surrounding retaining walls of 40 cm. And (5) cement ground. The roof adopts a 5 cm foam double-layer sandwich tile, and the sandwich color steel plate has the advantages of heat insulation, good strength, low price, convenience in installation, long service life and the like. The water guide grooves are replaced on the south and north sides, the edges of the water guide grooves are broken by 120PVC pipes, water is poured on the two sides, and the east, west, south and north sides adopt tripod type rain shelters with the width of 2500 centimeters and the gradient of 4: 1.
The playground adopts a cement ground surface, the roof surface adopts color steel tiles and transparent tiles which are combined and arranged, and drinking troughs-automatic drinking fountains for cattle are arranged at two sides of the playground; as shown in fig. 6: comprises a stainless steel water tank 19, a water inlet pipe 20 is arranged in the stainless steel water tank 19, a valve drain pipe 21 is arranged at the other end of the stainless steel water tank 19, wherein an automatic water inlet control valve 22 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 20, and a floor drain 23 is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel water tank 19.
Playground doors: the width is 2-2.5 meters, the height is 1.2 meters, and the device is provided with a sliding door so that cattle can only come in and go out and the padding can be conveyed.
Wherein, the cattle bed and the playground are both paved with 10-20 cm of biological padding made of agricultural wastes.
(II) environmental control of the ecological cowshed;
in order to achieve an ideal microclimate for an ecological cowshed, the influence of various environmental factors on the growth of beef cattle is considered.
Environmental control requirements of ecological cowshed
Microclimate environmental parameter table in ecological cowshed
The system is controlled by combining with an automatic cowshed environment control system, wherein as shown in figure 1, the automatic cowshed environment control system comprises a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, an operational amplifier module, an A/D converter, a single chip microcomputer and an intelligent display driving chip module; the device comprises a digital display module, a current collector, a ventilation mechanism and a heating mechanism; the signals obtained by the temperature sensor module and the humidity sensor module are amplified by the operational amplifier module and then input to the A/D converter to be converted into digital quantity which is sent to the singlechip; under normal conditions, signals input by temperature and humidity sensors are small, the single chip microcomputer inputs low level, and the ventilation mechanism does not work; once the temperature, the humidity and the set value in the cowshed do not accord with each other, the single chip microcomputer controls the relay through an instruction to enable the heating mechanism and the ventilation mechanism to be opened or closed, and the environment in the cowshed is guaranteed to meet the specified requirements.
Which comprises the following steps: 2.1: controlling the temperature of the ecological cowshed;
wherein 2.1 the temperature of the ecological cowshed is controlled; the method comprises the following steps:
step 211: adopting heat insulating materials on the roof of the cowshed;
step 212: the cowshed environment automatic control system increases the ventilation volume, and the airflow speed in the cowshed can reach 1.2-2.0 m/s.
Step 213: broad-leaved trees are planted around the cowshed, and the environment temperature outside the cowshed can be reduced by utilizing the heat absorption of the evaporated moisture of the trees and the shading of the leaves so as to change the microclimate environment of the field;
step 214: building a sunshade on the playground;
step 215: in winter, a wind-shielding curtain wall with the height of 3 meters is arranged on the north side of the cowshed.
2.2: controlling the humidity and harmful gases of the ecological cowshed; for an open cowshed, a natural ventilation mode is adopted, and the mechanical ventilation of the cowshed environment automatic control system is realized in the high-temperature period in summer.
2.3: controlling the illumination of the ecological cowshed; the ecological cowshed mainly adopts natural lighting, wherein the roof surface of the sports ground adopts the combination of color steel tiles and transparent tiles, and the transparent tiles account for 25-30% of the roof surface.
2.4: controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed; controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed; enhancing the ventilation of the animal house; strictly executing a disinfection system, arranging a disinfection tank at the door, installing an ultraviolet lamp indoors, and placing 2-3% of sodium hydroxide solution or 0.2-0.4% of peroxyacetic acid and other disinfectant in the tank; meanwhile, the worker enters the production area and must replace the working clothes.
2.5: and controlling the feeding density of the ecological cowshed.
TABLE 1 feeding Density of beef cattle at different physiological stages in ecological cowshed
Wherein 1 liter of microbial strain in the biological padding is sprayed on every 20 square meters of padding; the microbial strain is a compound bacterium consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis, and has strong capability of decomposing cellulose and feces in padding. The biological padding is replaced once from half a year to a year or is completely discharged, and a batch of beef cattle is discharged and replaced once.
The pilot scale production technology of bacillus: researches out a low-cost bacillus pilot-scale production technology (the density of the microbial inoculum is 109cfu/mL, the single microbial inoculum yield is 200-.
The microorganism is the most critical part of the fermentation bed, the fermentation bed is deeply turned over once a month by using a rotary cultivator to create an aerobic environment for the microorganism, the hardened and caked padding is beaten loose, and the wet padding and the dry padding are exchanged; timely padding supplement, probiotic compounding and water turning adjustment are important work for daily management of the fermentation bed.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the supplement of the biological padding can be implemented by fermenting the feces of the cultured cattle in the cowshed through a cattle bed padding regeneration system, and taking the treated solid as the cattle bed padding or directly preparing organic fertilizer to return the organic fertilizer to the field; the solid-liquid separator 1 in the solid-liquid separator 1 on the cattle bed padding regeneration system is conveyed to the substance in the excrement collecting pool 15 through the lifting pump conveyor 16 to separate out solid substances, and the solid substances are conveyed to the fermentation drum 3 through the screw conveyor 2 to be rapidly fermented at high temperature so as to kill harmful bacteria; finally, conveying the produced solid to a continuous processing mechanism through a conveying belt 17 for discharging; the continuous treatment discharging mechanism comprises a first drying bin 4 and a second drying bin 5; wherein a plurality of turning shafts 6 are sequentially arranged in the first drying bin 4 from top to bottom; each overturning shaft 6 is provided with a plurality of scrapers 7; the end part of each overturning shaft 6 is connected with a forward and reverse rotating motor 18; the rotation modes of two adjacent turnover shafts 6 are opposite, the end part of each scraper 7 is sequentially provided with a plurality of first harrow bars 8, and the surface of each scraper is provided with a plurality of second harrow bars 9; a third harrow bar 10 is arranged between every two adjacent second harrow bars 9; the third rake arm 10 is not in the same horizontal plane as the second rake arm 9;
the bottom of the first drying bin 4 is communicated with the top of the second drying bin 5 through a plurality of discharge pipes 11; the second drying bin 5 is sequentially provided with a plurality of vertical shafts 12 from left to right; each vertical shaft 12 is fixedly connected with a top rotating motor 13; and sieve plates 14 are respectively arranged at two ends of the vertical shaft 13 in a vertically staggered manner.
The fermentation drum 3 rolls continuously at the rotating speed of 2-3r/min, and air is introduced to pump out air from the other end. The fermentation drum can complete the first fermentation within 22-28 hours, cow dung is subjected to high-temperature aerobic fermentation at the temperature of 65-75 ℃, harmful bacteria are reduced, the number of mastitis pathogens in the treated cow dung is greatly reduced, and the treated cow dung is continuously fed from one end and continuously discharged from the other end. The dryness of the mixture after the mixture is taken out of the rotary drum is up to 40-42%.
In order to ensure higher subsequent dryness, the mixture is sent to a continuous processing mechanism for discharging; firstly, the cattle bedding material passes through the first drying bin 4, the forward and reverse rotating motor 18 drives the turnover shafts 6 to move, and the rotation modes of the two adjacent turnover shafts 6 are opposite, so that the cattle bedding material is turned over in multiple dimensions by utilizing the first rake lever 8, the second rake lever 9 and the third rake lever 10; the third rake arm 10 is not in the same horizontal plane as the second rake arm 9; the stirring and drying efficiency is further increased, and the dryness of the cattle bed padding is improved; finally, the mixture is sent into a second drying bin 5 through a discharge pipe 11; the rotating motor drives the vertical shaft to rotate, the sieve plate is used for scattering materials, and meanwhile, the sieve plate 14 is used for screening, so that the dryness and the filling power of the materials are increased, and the quality of the padding is improved.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (10)
1. The method for optimizing the environmental modification of the ecological breeding pen house of the large-scale cattle farm is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following parts;
the method comprises the following steps of (I) reforming an ecological cowshed: comprises the steps of modifying a cowshed, a playground and a cattle bed;
(II) environmental control of the ecological cowshed; control is carried out by combining an automatic control system of the cowshed environment, which comprises the following steps: 2.1: controlling the temperature of the ecological cowshed;
2.2: controlling the humidity and harmful gases of the ecological cowshed;
2.3: controlling the illumination of the ecological cowshed;
2.4: controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed;
2.5: and controlling the feeding density of the ecological cowshed.
2. The method for environment improvement and optimization of the ecological breeding stall of the large-scale cattle farm according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: wherein, the transformation part of the ecological cowshed comprises: the main structure of the cowshed adopts a full-open type cowshed main structure, adopts a steel frame structure, adopts a double-slope double-row opposite head type and has a north-south trend according to the climatic characteristics in the south; a cement floor; the roof adopts a 5 cm foam double-layer sandwich tile, and a sandwich color steel plate has heat insulation and heat preservation; water guiding grooves are arranged on the south and north sides, edges are broken by adopting 120PVC pipes, water is poured on the two sides, and three-leg frame type rain shelters are adopted on the east, west, south and north sides, and the gradient is 4: 1;
the stadium adopts a cement ground surface, the roof surface adopts a combination arrangement of color steel tiles and transparent tiles, and cattle automatic drinkers are arranged on two sides of the stadium; the device comprises a stainless steel water tank (19), wherein a water inlet pipe (20) is arranged in the stainless steel water tank (19), a valve drain pipe (21) is arranged at the other end of the stainless steel water tank, an automatic water inlet control valve (22) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (20), and a floor drain (23) is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel water tank (19);
wherein, the cattle bed and the playground are both paved with 10-20 cm of biological padding which is made of agricultural wastes and probiotics.
3. The method for environment improvement and optimization of the ecological breeding stall of the large-scale cattle farm according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cowshed environment automatic control system comprises a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, an operational amplifier module, an A/D converter, a single chip microcomputer and an intelligent display driving chip module; the device comprises a digital display module, a current collector, a ventilation mechanism and a heating mechanism; the signals obtained by the temperature sensor module and the humidity sensor module are amplified by the operational amplifier module and then input to the A/D converter to be converted into digital quantity which is sent to the singlechip; under normal conditions, signals input by temperature and humidity sensors are small, the single chip microcomputer inputs low level, and the ventilation mechanism does not work; once the temperature, the humidity and the set value in the cowshed do not accord with each other, the single chip microcomputer controls the relay through an instruction to enable the heating mechanism and the ventilation mechanism to be opened or closed, and the environment in the cowshed is guaranteed to meet the specified requirements.
4. The method for modification, upgrading and environment optimization of the ecological breeding barns of the large-scale cattle farms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: wherein 2.1 the temperature of the ecological cowshed is controlled; the method comprises the following steps:
step 211: adopting heat insulating materials on the roof of the cowshed;
step 212: the cowshed environment automatic control system increases the ventilation volume, and the airflow speed in the cowshed can reach 1.2-2.0 m/s.
Step 213: broad-leaved trees are planted around the cowshed, and the environment temperature outside the cowshed can be reduced by utilizing the heat absorption of the evaporated moisture of the trees and the shading of the leaves so as to change the microclimate environment of the field;
step 214: building a sunshade on the playground;
step 215: in winter, a wind-shielding curtain wall with the height of 3 meters is arranged on the north side of the cowshed.
5. The method for modification, upgrading and environment optimization of the ecological breeding barns of the large-scale cattle farms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: wherein 2.2 humidity and harmful gas's control to open type cowshed, adopts the natural draft mode, and cowshed environment automatic control system mechanical draft in summer high temperature period.
6. The method for modification, upgrading and environment optimization of the ecological breeding barns of the large-scale cattle farms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: wherein 2.3 control of illumination: the ecological cowshed mainly adopts natural lighting, wherein the roof surface of the sports ground adopts the combination of color steel tiles and transparent tiles, and the transparent tiles account for 25-30% of the roof surface.
7. The method for modification, upgrading and environment optimization of the ecological breeding barns of the large-scale cattle farms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: wherein 2.4: controlling biological pollutants of the ecological cowshed; enhancing the ventilation of the animal house; strictly executing a disinfection system, arranging a disinfection tank at the door, installing an ultraviolet lamp indoors, and placing 2-3% of sodium hydroxide solution or 0.2-0.4% of peroxyacetic acid and other disinfectant in the tank; meanwhile, the worker enters the production area and must replace the working clothes.
8. The method for modification, upgrading and environment optimization of the ecological breeding barns of the large-scale cattle farms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: wherein 2.5: the feeding density of the ecological cowshed is controlled,the biological padding for beef cattle in different physiological stages in the ecological cowshed has the following cattle bed area: the breeding cow bedding material bed is more than or equal to 5.0m2A/head; parturition cow is more than or equal to 10.0m2A/head; the calf is more than or equal to 2.0m2A/head; the bred cattle is more than or equal to 3.0m2A/head; fattening cattle is more than or equal to 4.0m2Head of the device.
9. The method for modification, upgrading and environment optimization of the ecological breeding barns of the large-scale cattle farms according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: wherein 1 liter of microbial strain in the biological padding is sprayed on every 20 square meters of padding; the microbial strain is a compound bacterium consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus licheniformis, and has strong capability of decomposing harmful gas and feces in the padding.
10. The method for modification, upgrade and environment optimization of the scale cattle farm ecological breeding stall according to claim 2 or 9, is characterized in that: the supplement of the biological padding can adopt the excrement of the breeding cattle in the cowshed to be fermented by a cattle bed padding regeneration system, and the processed solid is directly used as the cattle bed padding or organic fertilizer; the solid-liquid separator (1) in the solid-liquid separator (1) on the cattle bed padding regeneration system is used for separating solid substances, and the solid substances are conveyed to the fermentation drum (3) by the screw conveyor (2) for quick high-temperature fermentation so as to kill harmful bacteria; finally, conveying the produced solid to a continuous processing mechanism through a conveying belt (17) for discharging;
the continuous treatment discharging mechanism comprises a first drying bin (4) and a second drying bin (5); wherein
A plurality of turnover shafts (6) are sequentially arranged in the first drying bin (4) from top to bottom; each overturning shaft (6) is provided with a plurality of scraping plates (7); the end part of each overturning shaft (6) is connected with a forward and reverse rotating motor (18); the rotation modes of two adjacent turnover shafts are opposite, a plurality of first rake rods (8) are sequentially arranged at the end part of each scraper (7), and a plurality of second rake rods (9) are arranged on the surface of each scraper; a third harrow bar (10) is arranged between every two adjacent second harrow bars (9); the third harrow bar (10) and the second harrow bar (9) are not on the same horizontal plane;
the bottom of the first drying bin (4) is communicated with the top of the second drying bin (5) through a plurality of discharge pipes (11); the second drying bin (5) is sequentially provided with a plurality of vertical shafts (12) from left to right; each vertical shaft (12) is fixedly connected with a top rotating motor (13); and sieve plates (14) are respectively arranged at the two ends of the vertical shaft (13) in a vertically staggered manner.
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