CN114136574B - Test device and method for evaluating load shedding effect - Google Patents
Test device and method for evaluating load shedding effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN114136574B CN114136574B CN202111244365.5A CN202111244365A CN114136574B CN 114136574 B CN114136574 B CN 114136574B CN 202111244365 A CN202111244365 A CN 202111244365A CN 114136574 B CN114136574 B CN 114136574B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for evaluating a load shedding effect, which belong to the technical field of load shedding tests, and comprise a test frame, wherein an outer guide rail is arranged in the test frame, a test mechanism is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail, the test mechanism comprises a main motion box, an inner guide rail is arranged in the main motion box, a load box is arranged on the inner guide rail, the load box is fixedly connected with the main motion box through a load shedding component, sensors are arranged in the main motion box and the load box, an impact head is arranged on the bottom surface of the main motion box, an impact chopping board is arranged at the bottom of the test frame, and an ejection mechanism and a limiting release clip are further arranged on the test frame. The invention has the advantages of simple operation, flexible installation of the load shedding component, wide measurement range, good repeatability of experimental results, wide test objects and visual experimental results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of load shedding test research, relates to a technology for analyzing and evaluating effects of different load shedding components in a moving object, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method for evaluating the load shedding effects.
Background
According to the dynamic and static principle, the inertial force of a moving object is directly proportional to the acceleration of the moving object, and particularly when the motion state of the object changes sharply, the inertial force is far greater than the gravity of the object or the external force. In the fields of transportation, aviation, aerospace and the like, a plurality of precise electronic devices, optical devices and mechanical parts can be subjected to the action of great inertia force in the service process, so that the service life of the parts is seriously influenced. For example, in the rocket operation process, a fairing is separated, a rocket is separated by using an explosion bolt as a separating device, however, the impact force generated in the explosion process can cause the acceleration of a plurality of electronic components in the satellite to change sharply, so that the satellite is failed and destroyed. In order to improve the running safety and reliability of the system, it is often necessary to add load shedding components to the system so as to effectively reduce the inertia force of the vulnerable components and improve the running reliability and safety of the system.
The load reducing assembly mainly comprises various types of springs, rubber, damping mechanisms containing gas and liquid and the like, and has the main functions of reducing the inertia force of the protected assembly, reducing the vibration amplitude of the protected assembly and prolonging the external load acting time, thereby playing a role in protection. Although the load shedding component has certain load shedding and load shedding effects, on the other hand, the total weight of the system is increased, so that the design and assembly of the whole system are affected, and even the operation efficiency of the system is affected. Therefore, the design concept of increasing the buffer assembly and the structure light weight can contradict each other, so that the data support and the theoretical basis are provided for the design of the load-reducing structure and the selection of materials by analyzing and evaluating the load-reducing effect, and the buffer assembly and the structure light weight design method have important application value for the engineering field.
The existing method for testing the load shedding component mainly comprises Ma Xiete hammering, ball falling collision, hopkinson bar test, air cannon loading test and the like. As known, since the time of the impact process is very short, generally in microsecond level, the acceleration of the moving object changes rapidly, so that the impact process is a common technical scheme for obtaining a very large inertial force under laboratory conditions, however, the impact process is very complex, and is closely related to the impact object, the impacted object material, the shape, the motion state, the contact condition and the collision mode, and the tiny changes of the parameters can lead to the dispersion of experimental results. The problem with the experimental method is that the trajectory of the moving object is not additionally restrained, and the collision condition of each experiment can be slightly changed, so that the acceleration difference is very large, namely, the repeatability of the experimental result is difficult to ensure under the same experimental condition. Secondly, the types of experimental objects are single, the experimental method can only test specific structures or materials, and evaluation tests on different structures or materials are difficult to realize by a single method. And the experimental result is not visual enough, for example, the Hopkinson bar loading is only aimed at the mechanical property test of the material under the action of dynamic load, the method can not directly display the acceleration value or the inertial force after load shedding, and the key for solving the problems is that the experimental result can directly reflect the load shedding effect of the test assembly and the test data is stable and reliable. Therefore, a new test evaluation device and method are urgently needed.
Patent documents not found to be relevant to the present application are searched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides the test device for evaluating the load shedding effect, which has the advantages of simple operation, flexible installation of the load shedding component, wide measurement range, good repeatability of the test result, wide test objects and visual test result.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
A test device for load shedding effect evaluation, includes the test stand, the test stand includes base, roof and support column, the roof passes through the support column parallel mount and forms a frame construction on the base, its characterized in that: the test frame is internally provided with an outer guide rail, a test mechanism is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail, the test mechanism comprises a main motion box, a load shedding component and an impact head, the main motion box is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail, an inner guide rail is arranged in the main motion box, the load box is slidably arranged on the inner guide rail, the load box is fixedly connected with the main motion box through the load shedding component, sensors are arranged in the main motion box and the load box, the impact head is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the main motion box, an impact chopping block is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the base of the test frame corresponding to the position of the impact head, an ejection mechanism for ejecting the main motion box is further arranged on a top plate of the test frame, the ejection mechanism is aligned with the middle of the top surface of the main motion box, a limiting release clip is further movably clamped on the outer guide rail and used for fixing the fixing a fixing point of the main motion box on the outer guide rail, and the main motion box is released by the active or matched fixed point ejection mechanism.
The limiting release clamp comprises a limiting clamp body and a release assembly, wherein the release assembly is arranged on the limiting clamp body and comprises a lower insulating sheet, an upper insulating sheet, an iron sheet and a proximity switch, the iron sheet is arranged between the lower insulating sheet and the upper insulating sheet, one end of the iron sheet is connected with a power supply provided with the switch through an electric wire, arc-shaped grooves matched with an outer guide rail are formed in the front ends of the upper insulating sheet and the lower insulating sheet, one side of the arc-shaped groove of the upper insulating sheet is also rotatably provided with a mounting plate, and the proximity switch is arranged on the mounting plate;
The ejection mechanism comprises an ejection seat and an ejection arrow, the ejection arrow is arranged on the ejection seat, the ejection arrow coaxially penetrates through a top plate of the test frame, the ejection arrow comprises an arrow shaft and an arrow, the bottom end of the arrow shaft is coaxially fixedly provided with the arrow, gear holes are formed in a rod body of the arrow shaft at intervals, the first-stage gear, the second-stage gear, the third-stage gear, the fourth-stage gear and the fifth-stage gear are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and lifting holes are formed in the circumferential wall at the top end of the arrow shaft; the ejector seat comprises a fixed seat, fixed plates, bow arms and bowstrings, wherein the fixed plates are fixedly connected with the upper surface of a top plate of the test frame in a crossing mode, the bow arms in arc shapes are manufactured on two sides of each fixed plate, the bowstrings are arranged between the ends of the bow arms, the bowstrings are connected with the upper end of an arrow shaft of an ejection arrow in a penetrating mode, the fixed seat is arranged on the top plate of the test frame and located above the fixed plate, and the ejection arrow is coaxially locked and installed through the fixed seat.
The fixing seat comprises a fixing seat body and binding limiting components, wherein the two ends of the bottom of the fixing seat body are provided with mounting parts, the mounting parts are used for mounting the fixing seat body on a top plate through bolts, a sliding caulking groove of an arrow shaft of an rocket is formed in the middle of one side of the fixing seat body, the fixing seat body is also provided with the binding limiting components, the binding limiting components comprise a first spring, a second spring, a rotating shaft, locking release blocks and limiting blocks, the locking release blocks are symmetrically arranged on the fixing seat body at two sides of the sliding caulking groove through the rotating shaft, each locking release block comprises a rectangular block, the upper diagonal angle and the lower diagonal angle of each rectangular block are respectively provided with a locking angle and a release angle, each locking angle is used for being positioned and inserted in a gear hole of the arrow shaft of the rocket, and each release angle is used for triggering a transmitting mechanism; the first spring is a torsion spring, two ends of the first spring penetrate through the upper portion of the rectangular block and are fixedly connected with the fixing base body, the second spring is arranged in a crossing mode, two ends of the second spring are respectively installed on the locking release block, and limiting blocks are symmetrically installed on the fixing base body corresponding to positions near the release angle.
The top plate is also provided with a lifting mechanism which is positioned above the ejection mechanism, and the top plates at two sides of the ejection mechanism are also provided with a transmitting mechanism; the lifting mechanism comprises an air cylinder frame, an air cylinder, a disc and a lifting hook, wherein the air cylinder is arranged on the air cylinder frame, the telescopic rod of the air cylinder is vertically downward, the disc is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod, and the lifting hook for hooking the lifting hole at the top end of the ejection arrow is arranged on the disc at intervals; the launching mechanism comprises a cylinder seat, a forward pushing cylinder and a forward pushing head, wherein the forward pushing cylinder is arranged on the cylinder seat, and the end part of a telescopic rod of the forward pushing cylinder is coaxially and fixedly provided with the forward pushing head.
The main motion box comprises a rectangular frame body which is penetrated from front to back, through holes are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the frame body, the main motion box is used for assembling an inner guide rail, fixedly arranging a sensor and matched with an outer guide rail to pass through in a sliding manner, and the structure of the load box is the same as that of the main motion box; and lubricating oil is coated on the outer guide rail and the inner guide rail.
And moreover, the self quality is adjusted by arranging a balancing weight in the load box, so that the actual working condition of the load reducing assembly is simulated.
Moreover, the load relief assembly comprises a spring, rubber and a high molecular polymer.
An evaluation method for a load shedding component, implemented by a test device for load shedding effect evaluation, comprising the steps of:
step one: selecting a load shedding component to be tested, and installing the load shedding component to be tested between a main motion box and a load box;
step two: selecting an impact chopping board made of a corresponding material according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, and mounting the selected impact chopping board on a base of a test frame;
Step three: fixing the main motion box to a preset height through a limiting release clamp according to the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested;
The limiting release clamp is arranged on a preset outer guide rail in a sliding manner, then the main motion box is lifted to the lower part of the limiting release clamp and is contacted with the lower surface of the limiting release clamp, a power supply is connected, and the iron sheet is electrified to generate a magnet so as to attract the main motion box;
Step four: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, the main motion box is actively released or is matched with the ejection mechanism to release at fixed points through the control device, so that the main motion box falls down to collide with the impact chopping board, and meanwhile, the acceleration sensor is used for collecting real-time data;
Step five: the control device receives information acquired by the acceleration sensor, and the data processing obtains an acceleration curve;
The acceleration curve comprises an acceleration curve of a main motion box and an acceleration curve of a load box;
Step six: and observing an acceleration curve obtained by the experiment, and quantitatively evaluating the load shedding effect of the load shedding assembly by adopting the following formula, namely (a i-ar)/ai percent), wherein a i、ar is the maximum absolute value of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box respectively.
In the fourth step, 1) when the height of the outer guide rail meets the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, active release is selected, and a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limit release clamp on the control device is pressed, so that the main motion box does not slide down along the outer guide rail at an initial speed freely; 2) When the height of the outer guide rail cannot meet the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, the outer guide rail is required to be matched with the ejection mechanism to release, and the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism is selected according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, then hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an rocket by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the rocket to a gear hole corresponding to a preset ejection grade, enabling a locking angle of a locking release block to lock the rocket, pressing a push cylinder button on a control device, starting a push cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing a push head to push the release angle of the locking release block by the push cylinder, rotating the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole, and therefore ejection of the rocket is achieved.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
The device is simple to operate, the test piece is flexible to install, the measuring range is wide, and the test objects are wide; it should be noted that the impact process is extremely complex, the data obtained by measuring the acceleration in the process has extremely high dispersity, and the motion track of each motion assembly is along one-dimensional direction and consistent with the measuring direction of the sensor due to the arrangement of the inner guide rail and the outer guide rail in the test device, so that the transverse measuring error is reduced to the greatest extent, and the obtained experimental data has small dispersity and good repeatability. In addition, because load case and load shedding subassembly are installed in main motion incasement portion, move along with main motion case together, can furthest prevent external interference, and the experimental object is connected with load case and main motion case respectively, other subassemblies can not exert an influence to the test process, consequently experimental data directly reflects its load shedding effect, the sensor can real-time, synchronous measurement main motion case and load case acceleration time-course change curve, experimental result is simple visual, be convenient for follow-up carry out analysis evaluation to the load shedding effect, confirm the load shedding limit etc. of load shedding subassembly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of the test device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a limiting mechanism of the test device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ejection assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box obtained in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail by way of specific examples, which are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The test device for evaluating the load shedding effect comprises a test frame 6, a test mechanism and an ejection mechanism 5, wherein the test frame comprises a base 6-3, a top plate 6-1 and a support column 6-2, the top plate is arranged on the base in parallel through the support column to form a frame structure, two outer guide rails 12 are arranged in the test frame in parallel, the upper end and the lower end of each outer guide rail are respectively connected with the top plate and the base of the test frame through bolts, the outer guide rails are furthest guaranteed to be mutually parallel, the test mechanism is slidably arranged on the outer guide rails, the test mechanism comprises a main motion box 11, a load box 9, a load shedding assembly 10 and an impact head 1, the main motion box is slidably arranged on the outer guide rails, the outer guide rails limit the motion track of the main motion box and also play a supporting role, in order to enable the main motion box to be better, lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the outer guide rails, the inner guide rails 8 are arranged in the main motion box to reduce the friction force between the main motion box and the outer guide rails to the maximum extent, the two ends of the inner guide rails are respectively connected with the main motion box through bolts, the load reduction box is arranged on the inner guide rails, the load box is also connected with a load shedding assembly through a sensor and an impact head 1, the impact load is arranged on the surface of the main motion box is fixedly connected with the surface of the main motion box, the impact head is also connected with the surface of the impact head is provided with a sensor and has a surface-mounted on the impact load reduction device, and the impact device is correspondingly arranged on the surface of a sensor and is in a motion box, and has a high impact load reduction device, and has a high quality. The impact chopping board is connected with the base through bolts so as to facilitate replacement operation when the impact chopping board is obviously deformed, an ejection mechanism is arranged on a top plate of the test frame, the ejection mechanism is aligned to the middle part of the top surface of the main motion box and is used for ejecting the main motion box, a limiting release clamp 7 is movably clamped on the outer guide rail and is used for fixing a fixing point of the main motion box on the outer guide rail, and the main motion box is actively or cooperatively impacted by the ejection mechanism in a fixed point release manner;
The ejection mechanism can be in the modes of mechanical ejection, compressed gas ejection or electromagnetic ejection, and the like, and has the functions of enabling the main motion box to generate a certain initial speed, enabling the impact head and the impact cutting board to generate a larger acceleration extremum in the subsequent collision, expanding the test range, and simulating by utilizing the ejection assembly when the load shedding effect of the load shedding assembly under the extreme working condition is required to be measured;
The embodiment adopts mechanical ejection, such as an arrow type structure, the specific structure of the mechanical ejection comprises an ejection seat and an ejection arrow 5-1, the ejection arrow coaxially penetrates through a top plate of the test frame, the ejection arrow comprises an arrow shaft and an arrow 5-11, the bottom end of the arrow shaft is coaxially fixedly provided with the arrow, a rod body of the arrow shaft is provided with gear holes 5-1-2 at intervals, a first-stage gear, a second-stage gear, a third-stage gear, a fourth-stage gear and a fifth-stage gear are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a lifting hole is formed in the circumferential wall at the top end of the arrow shaft; the ejection seat comprises a fixed seat 5-4, fixed plates, bow arms 5-10 and bow strings 5-9, wherein the fixed plates are fixedly connected to the upper surface of a top plate of the test frame in a crossing manner, the bow arms in arc shapes are respectively arranged on two sides of each fixed plate, bow strings are arranged between the end parts of the bow arms, the bow strings are also connected with the upper end parts of arrow shafts of the projectile arrows in a penetrating manner, the fixed seat is arranged on the top plate of the test frame through bolts and is positioned above the fixed plates, and the projectile arrows are coaxially locked and arranged through the fixed seat;
The fixing seat comprises a fixing seat body and binding limiting components, wherein two ends of the bottom of the fixing seat body are provided with mounting parts, the mounting parts are used for mounting the fixing seat body on a top plate through bolts, a sliding caulking groove of an arrow shaft of an ejection arrow is formed in the middle of one side of the fixing seat body, the fixing seat body is further provided with the binding limiting components, the binding limiting components comprise a first spring 5-2, a second spring 5-3, a rotating shaft 5-5-2, locking release blocks 5-5 and limiting blocks 5-6, the fixing seat bodies on two sides of the sliding caulking groove are symmetrically provided with the locking release blocks through rotating shafts, the locking release blocks rotate by taking the rotating shafts as axes, the locking release blocks comprise rectangular blocks, locking angles 5-5-1 and release angles 5-5-3 are respectively formed in upper and lower oblique opposite angles of the rectangular blocks, the locking angles are used for being positioned and inserted into gear holes of the arrow shaft of the ejection arrow shaft, and the release angles are used for triggering a transmitting mechanism; the first spring is a torsion spring, two ends of the first spring penetrate through the upper part of the rectangular block and are fixedly connected with the fixed seat body, the second spring is arranged in a crossing manner, two ends of the second spring are respectively arranged on the locking release blocks and used for restraining the rotation angles of the two locking release blocks, and the second spring is combined to encircle and block the projectile arrow, so that the projectile arrow can slide up and down in the sliding caulking groove, and limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on the fixed seat body corresponding to the position near the release angle and prevent the release angle from rotating without limitation, so that the projectile arrow cannot be pulled well;
In the specific implementation of the invention, the ejector mechanism is also provided with a lifting mechanism 4, the two sides of the ejector mechanism are provided with the ejector mechanisms, the lifting mechanism can adopt the modes of a jack, a cylinder, a motor and the like, the embodiment adopts the mode of the cylinder, the specific structure comprises a cylinder frame, a cylinder, a disc and a lifting hook, the cylinder frame comprises a supporting plate 4-2 and a supporting column 4-1, the cylinder 4-3 is arranged on the cylinder frame, the telescopic rod 4-4 of the cylinder is vertically downward, the end part of the telescopic rod is coaxially and fixedly provided with the disc 4-5, the disc is provided with lifting hooks 4-6 at intervals, and the lifting hooks are used for hooking lifting holes at the top end of an ejector arrow; the launching mechanism comprises a cylinder seat 5-8, a forward pushing cylinder and a forward pushing head 5-7, wherein the forward pushing cylinder is arranged on the cylinder seat, the end part of a telescopic rod of the forward pushing cylinder is coaxially and fixedly provided with the forward pushing head, the forward pushing head is aligned with the inclined plane of a release angle of the locking release block, and when the forward pushing head presses the inclined plane of the release angle under the pushing of the cylinder, the locking release block rotates to rotate the upper locking angle away from a gear hole, so that the release of an ejection arrow is realized;
the limiting release clamp comprises a limiting clamp body 7-1 and a release assembly, wherein the limiting clamp body is a clamp in the prior art, a clamp groove 7-7 is formed in the end part of the limiting clamp body, the release assembly is installed on the limiting clamp through an installation shaft 7-3, the release assembly comprises a lower insulating sheet 7-6, an upper insulating sheet 7-2, an iron sheet 7-4 and a proximity switch 7-9, an iron sheet is installed between the lower insulating sheet and the upper insulating sheet, one end of the iron sheet is connected with a power supply provided with a switch through an electric wire, arc grooves 7-5 matched with an outer guide rail are formed in the front ends of the upper insulating sheet and the lower insulating sheet, an installation plate 7-8 is further rotatably installed on one side of the arc groove of the upper insulating sheet, and the proximity switch is installed on the installation plate;
The main motion box comprises a rectangular frame body which is penetrated front and back, through holes are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the frame body and used for assembling an inner guide rail, fixedly arranging a sensor and matched with an outer guide rail to pass through in a sliding mode, the structure of the load box is the same as that of the main motion box, the rectangular frame body which is penetrated front and back, smooth through holes are formed in the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate of the load box, the inner guide rail can conveniently pass through, the load box can freely move along the inner guide rail, the maximum stroke of the load box is 100 mm, the self quality of the load box can be adjusted by adding a balancing weight, and the load box is used for simulating the dead weight of a load shedding assembly in actual working conditions;
In the implementation of the invention, the impact head can be made of high-strength alloy steel, stainless steel nickel alloy, cobalt-based alloy, titanium alloy and other metal materials, and the embodiment adopts alloy steel, so that when the impact head collides with the impact cutting board, obvious plastic deformation of the impact head is avoided; the impact chopping board can be made of metal materials, rubber, wood, concrete and the like; when the impact head collides with impact cutting boards made of different materials, the collision time and the acceleration extreme value change greatly, and the specific material selection can refer to the actual working condition.
The load shedding component is a test object of the application, is flexible to arrange, can be arranged at any position between the main motion box and the load box, can be an object with a buffer structure such as a spring, rubber, high polymer and the like, and is an acceleration sensor; the main motion box is provided with a first acceleration sensor 2, the load box is provided with a second acceleration sensor 3, the first acceleration sensor and the second acceleration sensor are connected with a control device through signals, the wireless module and the control device are both in the prior art, and the control device receives signals of the acceleration sensors through the wireless module and converts the signals into acceleration values to form an acceleration curve;
The power switch, the proximity switch, the acceleration sensor, the air cylinder and the forward pushing air cylinder are all connected with the control device.
The device is simple to operate, the load shedding assembly is flexible to install, the measuring range is wide, the test object is wide, the impact process is extremely complex, the data obtained by measuring the acceleration in the process has extremely high dispersity, and the motion trail of each motion assembly is along one-dimensional direction and consistent with the measuring direction of the sensor due to the arrangement of the inner guide rail and the outer guide rail in the test device, so that the transverse measuring error is reduced to the greatest extent, and the obtained experimental data has small dispersity and good repeatability;
In addition, because load case and load shedding subassembly are installed in main motion incasement portion, move along with main motion case together, can furthest prevent external interference, and the experimental object is connected with load case and main motion case respectively, other subassemblies can not exert an influence to the test process, consequently experimental data directly reflects its load shedding effect, the sensor can real-time, synchronous measurement main motion case and load case acceleration time-course change curve, experimental result is simple visual, be convenient for follow-up carry out analysis evaluation to the load shedding effect, confirm the load shedding limit etc. of load shedding subassembly.
The invention also provides an evaluation method for the load shedding assembly, which is implemented by a test device for evaluating the load shedding effect and comprises the following steps of:
step one: selecting a load shedding component to be tested and installing the component to be tested;
Mounting a load shedding component bolt to be tested between a main motion box and a load box;
step two: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, selecting an impact chopping board made of a corresponding material, and installing a selected high-strength bolt of the impact chopping board on a base of a test frame to ensure that no obvious displacement is generated in the impact process of the impact chopping board and an impact head;
Step three: fixing the main motion box to a preset height through a limiting release clamp according to the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested;
The limiting release clamp is arranged on a preset outer guide rail in a sliding manner, then the main motion box is lifted to the lower part of the limiting release clamp and is contacted with the lower surface of the limiting release clamp, a power supply is connected, and the iron sheet is electrified to generate a magnet so as to attract the main motion box;
Step four: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, the main motion box is actively released or is matched with the ejection mechanism to release at fixed points through the control device, so that the main motion box falls down to collide with the impact chopping board, and meanwhile, the acceleration sensor is used for collecting real-time data;
1) When the height of the outer guide rail meets the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, active release is selected, a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limit release clamp on the control device is pressed, and the main motion box does not slide down along the free falling body of the outer guide rail at an initial speed;
2) When the height of the outer guide rail cannot meet the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, the main motion box is lifted to the preset highest height of the outer guide rail and fixed through the limiting release clamp, and then the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism is selected according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, then hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an rocket by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the rocket to a gear hole corresponding to a preset ejection grade, enabling a locking angle of a locking release block to lock the rocket, pressing a push cylinder button on a control device, starting a push cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing a release angle of the locking release block by a push cylinder, rotating the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole by the push cylinder, and therefore ejection of the rocket is achieved;
Step five: the control device receives information acquired by the acceleration sensor, and the data processing obtains an acceleration curve;
The acceleration curve comprises an acceleration curve of a main motion box and an acceleration curve of a load box;
Step six: observing an acceleration curve obtained by the experiment, and quantitatively evaluating the load shedding effect of the load shedding assembly by adopting the following formula, namely (a i-ar)/ai percent, wherein a i、ar is the maximum absolute value of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box respectively;
the test evaluation method is not suitable for testing and evaluating the load shedding assembly inside the moving object.
The device is subjected to actual tests and evaluation by combining the method, and the specific test evaluation is as follows:
Example 1
The impact head is machined into a hemispherical shape with the radius of 20mm, the impact cutting board is connected with the base through a high-strength bolt, and the impact cutting board is made of a No. 20 carbon steel plate with the thickness of 30 mm.
The main motion box is connected with the inner guide rail in a bolt way, the inner guide rail is made of a steel rod with the diameter of 5mm, and the surface of the inner guide rail is coated with lubricating oil and keeps higher smoothness. Smooth through holes are processed on the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate of the load box and are penetrated by the inner guide rail, so that the load box can move freely along the inner guide rail, and the mass of the load box is 80 g. The main motion box and the load box are respectively connected with a load shedding component (a test object) through high-strength bolts, a limiting release clamp is adjusted to a preset height, the main motion box is fixed to a height of 0.5m by a power supply, the load shedding component is a dense coil spring, the material is 60Si2Mn spring steel, the spring wire diameter is 0.8mm, the spring diameter is 12mm, the number of turns of the spring is 10, two sensors are respectively fixed on the tops of the main motion box and the load box through high-strength bolts, the sensors are piezoelectric acceleration sensors, the sensitivity is 0.5pc/g, the maximum measuring range is 50000g, and the measurement error is +/-5%. The sensor transmits the electric signal line to the signal amplifier, and after low-pass filtering, the electric signal is transmitted to the control device (data acquisition and analysis component), the data acquisition frequency is 100ksps, and the final conversion result is 1mv/g. The control device starts data acquisition, presses a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limit release clamp on the control device, enables the main motion box to slide down along an outer guide rail freely without initial speed, acceleration is achieved until the impact head completes collision with the impact chopping board, data acquisition is stopped, an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box acquired in fig. 5 is obtained, the maximum absolute value of the acceleration of the load box is obviously lower than that of the main motion box through comparison, the maximum value of the acceleration of the load box is 3530g and 1305g respectively, quantitative evaluation is carried out on the load shedding effect by adopting the following formula, namely (ai-ar)/ai 100%, wherein ai and ar are the maximum absolute values of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box respectively, and the load shedding effect in the embodiment is 63%.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the main motion box is free from initial speed release at the height of 0.8m, the main motion box is connected with the load box through the load shedding component, namely the load shedding component is fixed on the bottom plate of the main motion box through a high-strength bolt and is tightly contacted with the bottom plate of the buffer piece, the load shedding component is made of metal sponge, namely a block body with a certain shape and size is wound by metal wires, the metal wires are made of SUS304 austenitic stainless steel, the wire diameter is 0.2mm, the shape of the block body is a hollow cylinder, the outer diameter is 30mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, and the height is 20mm. FIG. 6 is a graph comparing acceleration curves of the main motion box and the load box, wherein the maximum value of the acceleration of the main motion box is 5750g, the maximum value of the acceleration of the load box is 1297g due to the load shedding effect of the load shedding component, the vibration period of the main motion box is about 350 mu s, the vibration period of the load box is about 1ms, and the load shedding effect of the metal sponge is 77% through calculation.
Example 3
The main difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the load shedding component is a compression spring, the material is 65Mn spring steel, the spring wire diameter is 1.2mm, the diameter is 12mm, the number of turns is 5, the spring helix angle is 9 degrees, and the impact anvil is selected as the aluminum alloy with the thickness of 30 mm. Firstly, lifting the main motion box to the preset highest height of 2m of the outer guide rail, fixing the main motion box through a limiting release clip, and then selecting the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, then hooking a lifting hole at the top end of a projectile by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the projectile to a second gear hole, locking the projectile by a locking angle of a locking release block, pressing a push cylinder button on a control device, starting a push cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing the release angle of the locking release block by the push cylinder to rotate the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole, so as to realize the ejection of the projectile, disconnecting the proximity switch when the arrow of the projectile reaches the proximity switch, enabling an iron sheet of a limiting release clamp to lose magnetic force in a power-off mode, obtaining a certain initial speed by the ejection mechanism, then performing linear acceleration motion downwards along an outer guide rail, comparing an acceleration curve of a main motion box with an acceleration curve of a load box, obtaining the acceleration maximum value of the main motion box by data in the graph to be 11200g, obtaining the vibration cycle of the main motion box of the load box to be 4315g under the action of a load reducing component, and obtaining the vibration cycle of the load box to be about 190 mu s, and obtaining the load reducing effect of the compression spring to be 61% through calculation.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments and the disclosure of the drawings.
Claims (9)
1. A test device for load shedding effect evaluation, includes the test stand, the test stand includes base, roof and support column, the roof passes through the support column parallel mount and forms a frame construction on the base, its characterized in that: the test frame is internally provided with an outer guide rail, the outer guide rail is provided with a test mechanism in a sliding manner, the test mechanism comprises a main motion box, a load shedding component and an impact head, the main motion box is arranged on the outer guide rail in a sliding manner, an inner guide rail is arranged in the main motion box, the load box is arranged on the inner guide rail in a sliding manner, the load box is fixedly connected with the main motion box through the load shedding component, the main motion box and the load box are internally provided with sensors, the middle part of the bottom surface of the main motion box is provided with the impact head, the middle part of the upper surface of the base of the test frame corresponding to the position of the impact head is provided with an impact chopping block, the top plate of the test frame is further provided with an ejection mechanism for ejecting the main motion box, the ejection mechanism is aligned to the middle part of the top surface of the main motion box, the outer guide rail is also movably clamped with a limiting release clip, the limiting release clip is used for fixing the fixing point of the main motion box on the outer guide rail, and the main motion box is released by the active or matched with the ejection mechanism;
The ejection mechanism comprises an ejection seat and an ejection arrow, the ejection arrow is arranged on the ejection seat, the ejection arrow coaxially penetrates through a top plate of the test frame, the ejection arrow comprises an arrow shaft and an arrow, the arrow is coaxially fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the arrow shaft, gear holes are formed in a rod body of the arrow shaft at intervals, the first-stage gear, the second-stage gear, the third-stage gear, the fourth-stage gear and the fifth-stage gear are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and lifting holes are formed in the circumferential wall at the top end of the arrow shaft; the ejector seat comprises a fixed seat, fixed plates, bow arms and bowstrings, wherein the fixed plates are fixedly connected with the upper surface of a top plate of the test frame in a crossing mode, the bow arms in arc shapes are manufactured on two sides of each fixed plate, the bowstrings are arranged between the ends of the bow arms, the bowstrings are connected with the upper end of an arrow shaft of an ejection arrow in a penetrating mode, the fixed seat is arranged on the top plate of the test frame and located above the fixed plate, and the ejection arrow is coaxially locked and installed through the fixed seat.
2. The test device for load shedding effect evaluation according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting release clamp comprises a limiting clamp body and a release assembly, wherein the release assembly is arranged on the limiting clamp body and comprises a lower insulating sheet, an upper insulating sheet, an iron sheet and a proximity switch, the iron sheet is arranged between the lower insulating sheet and the upper insulating sheet, one end of the iron sheet is connected with a power supply provided with the switch through an electric wire, arc-shaped grooves matched with an outer guide rail are formed in the front ends of the upper insulating sheet and the lower insulating sheet, one side of the arc-shaped groove of the upper insulating sheet is further rotatably provided with a mounting plate, and the proximity switch is arranged on the mounting plate.
3. The test device for load shedding effect evaluation according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing seat comprises a fixing seat body and binding limiting components, wherein two ends of the bottom of the fixing seat body are provided with mounting parts, the mounting parts are used for mounting the fixing seat body on a top plate through bolts, a sliding caulking groove of an arrow shaft of an ejection arrow is formed in the middle of one side of the fixing seat body, the fixing seat body is also provided with the binding limiting components, the binding limiting components comprise a first spring, a second spring, a rotating shaft, locking release blocks and limiting blocks, the fixing seat bodies on two sides of the sliding caulking groove are symmetrically provided with the locking release blocks through the rotating shaft, the locking release blocks comprise rectangular blocks, the upper diagonal angle and the lower diagonal angle of each rectangular block are respectively provided with a locking angle and a release angle, the locking angles are used for being positioned and inserted in gear holes of the arrow shaft of the ejection arrow, and the release angles are used for triggering a transmitting mechanism; the first spring is a torsion spring, two ends of the first spring penetrate through the upper portion of the rectangular block and are fixedly connected with the fixing base body, the second spring is arranged in a crossing mode, two ends of the second spring are respectively installed on the locking release block, and limiting blocks are symmetrically installed on the fixing base body corresponding to positions near the release angle.
4. The test device for load shedding effect evaluation according to claim 1, wherein: the top plate is also provided with a lifting mechanism which is positioned above the ejection mechanism, and the top plates at two sides of the ejection mechanism are also provided with a transmitting mechanism; the lifting mechanism comprises an air cylinder frame, an air cylinder, a disc and a lifting hook, wherein the air cylinder is arranged on the air cylinder frame, the telescopic rod of the air cylinder is vertically downward, the disc is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod, and the lifting hook for hooking the lifting hole at the top end of the ejection arrow is arranged on the disc at intervals; the launching mechanism comprises a cylinder seat, a forward pushing cylinder and a forward pushing head, wherein the forward pushing cylinder is arranged on the cylinder seat, and the end part of a telescopic rod of the forward pushing cylinder is coaxially and fixedly provided with the forward pushing head.
5. The test device for load shedding effect evaluation according to claim 1, wherein: the main motion box comprises a rectangular frame body which is penetrated from front to back, through holes are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the frame body, the main motion box is used for assembling an inner guide rail, fixedly arranging a sensor and matched with an outer guide rail to pass through in a sliding manner, and the structure of the load box is the same as that of the main motion box; and lubricating oil is coated on the outer guide rail and the inner guide rail.
6. The test device for load shedding effect evaluation according to claim 1, wherein: the load box is internally provided with a balancing weight to adjust the self quality, and the actual working condition of the load reducing assembly is simulated.
7. The test device for load shedding effect evaluation according to claim 1, wherein: the load relief assembly comprises a spring, rubber and a high molecular polymer.
8. An evaluation method for a load shedding component, characterized by: the test device for evaluating load shedding effect according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one: selecting a load shedding component to be tested, and installing the load shedding component to be tested between a main motion box and a load box;
step two: selecting an impact chopping board made of a corresponding material according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, and mounting the selected impact chopping board on a base of a test frame;
Step three: fixing the main motion box to a preset height through a limiting release clamp according to the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested;
The limiting release clamp is arranged on a preset outer guide rail in a sliding manner, then the main motion box is lifted to the lower part of the limiting release clamp and is contacted with the lower surface of the limiting release clamp, a power supply is connected, and the iron sheet is electrified to generate a magnet so as to attract the main motion box;
Step four: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, the main motion box is actively released or is matched with the ejection mechanism to release at fixed points through the control device, so that the main motion box falls down to collide with the impact chopping board, and meanwhile, the acceleration sensor is used for collecting real-time data;
Step five: the control device receives information acquired by the acceleration sensor, and the data processing obtains an acceleration curve;
The acceleration curve comprises an acceleration curve of a main motion box and an acceleration curve of a load box;
Step six: and (3) observing an acceleration curve obtained by an experiment, and quantitatively evaluating the load shedding effect of the load shedding assembly by adopting the following formula, namely (a i-ar)/ai percent, wherein a i 、ar is the maximum absolute value of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box respectively.
9. The evaluation method for a load shedding component according to claim 8, wherein:
Step four, 1) when the height of the outer guide rail meets the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, selecting active release, and pressing a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limit release clamp on a control device to enable the main motion box to slide down along the outer guide rail without initial speed; 2) When the height of the outer guide rail cannot meet the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, the outer guide rail is required to be matched with the ejection mechanism to release, and the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism is selected according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, then hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an rocket by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the rocket to a gear hole corresponding to a preset ejection grade, enabling a locking angle of a locking release block to lock the rocket, pressing a push cylinder button on a control device, starting a push cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing a push head to push the release angle of the locking release block by the push cylinder, rotating the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole, and therefore ejection of the rocket is achieved.
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| CN107600458A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-19 | 西北工业大学 | Inertial load simulation test device and system |
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| 基于火炮发射原理的载荷冲击火箭橇试验方法;田建明;夏洪利;;导航与控制;20151205(第06期);全文 * |
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