CN114136574A - Test device and method for load shedding effect evaluation - Google Patents
Test device and method for load shedding effect evaluation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and a method for load shedding effect evaluation, belongs to the technical field of load shedding tests, and discloses a test device for load shedding effect evaluation. The invention has the advantages of simple operation, flexible installation of the load reduction assembly, wide measurement range, good repeatability of experimental results, wide test objects and visual experimental results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of load shedding test research, relates to a technology for analyzing and evaluating the effects of different load shedding components in a moving object, and particularly relates to a test device and a method for evaluating the load shedding effect.
Background
According to the principle of dynamic and static method, the inertia force of the moving object is in direct proportion to the acceleration, especially when the motion state of the object is changed sharply, the inertia force is far greater than the self gravity or the received external force. In the fields of transportation, aviation, aerospace and the like, a plurality of precise electronic devices, optical devices and mechanical parts are subjected to great inertia force in the service process, so that the service life of the parts is seriously influenced. For example, explosion bolts are mostly used as separating devices for fairing separation and satellite-rocket separation in the rocket operation process, but the acceleration of many electronic components in the satellite is changed sharply due to impact force generated in the explosion process, so that the electronic components are damaged. In order to improve the safety and reliability of the system operation, it is often necessary to add a load-shedding component to the system, so as to effectively reduce the inertial force applied to the vulnerable component and improve the reliability and safety of the system operation.
The load relief assembly mainly comprises various types of springs, rubber, a damping mechanism containing gas and liquid and the like, and has the main functions of reducing the inertia force of the protected assembly, reducing the vibration amplitude of the protected assembly and prolonging the action time of an external load, so that the protection effect is achieved. Although the load relief assembly has a certain load relief effect, on the other hand, the total weight of the system is increased, which affects the design and assembly of the whole system, and even the operation efficiency of the system. Therefore, the concept of increasing the buffer assembly and the design concept of the structure light weight are mutually contradictory, so that data support and theoretical basis are provided for the design of the load reduction structure and the selection of materials by analyzing and evaluating the load reduction effect, and the method has important application value in the engineering field.
The existing method for testing the load shedding assembly mainly comprises Marshall hammering, falling ball collision, Hopkinson bar test, air cannon loading test and the like. It is known that, because the impact process time is very short, generally microsecond, and the acceleration of a moving object changes rapidly, it is a common technical scheme for obtaining a great inertia force under laboratory conditions, however, the impact process is very complex, closely related to the impact object, the material of the impact object, the shape, the motion state, the contact condition and the collision mode, and the small changes of such parameters can cause the dispersion of the experimental results. The experimental method has the problems that the acceleration difference is large because the trajectory of the moving object is not additionally constrained and the collision condition of each experiment is slightly changed, namely the repeatability of the experimental result is difficult to ensure under the same experimental condition. Secondly, the types of the experimental objects are single, the experimental method can only test specific structures or materials, and the single method is difficult to realize evaluation tests on different structures or materials. Thirdly, the experimental result is not visual enough, if the Hopkinson bar is loaded only aiming at the mechanical property test of the material under the action of dynamic load, the method cannot directly display the acceleration value or the inertia force after load shedding, and the key for solving the problems is that the experimental result can directly reflect the load shedding effect of the test assembly, and the experimental data is stable and reliable. Therefore, a new test evaluation device and method are urgently needed.
No patent documents relevant to the present application were found by search.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the test device for evaluating the load shedding effect, which is simple to operate, flexible in installation of the load shedding component, wide in measurement range, good in repeatability of the test result, wide in test object and intuitive in test result.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a test device for deloading effect evaluation, includes the test bench, the test bench includes base, roof and support column, the roof passes through support column parallel mount and forms a frame construction, its characterized in that on the base: the test rack is characterized in that an outer guide rail is arranged in the test rack, a test mechanism is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail and comprises a main motion box, a load shedding assembly and an impact head, the main motion box is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail, an inner guide rail is arranged in the main motion box, the load box is slidably arranged on the inner guide rail and is fixedly connected with the main motion box through the load shedding assembly, sensors are arranged in the main motion box and the load box, the impact head is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the main motion box, an impact is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of a base of the test rack corresponding to the position of the impact head, an ejection mechanism for ejecting the main motion box is further arranged on a top plate of the test rack and is aligned with the middle of the top surface of the main motion box, a limit release clamp is movably clamped on the outer guide rail and is used for fixing the main motion box on the outer guide rail at a fixed point, and the main motion box is actively or cooperatively released and impacted at a fixed point by an ejection mechanism.
The limiting release clamp comprises a limiting clamp body and a release assembly, the release assembly is mounted on the limiting clamp body and comprises a lower insulating sheet, an upper insulating sheet, an iron sheet and a proximity switch, the iron sheet is mounted between the lower insulating sheet and the upper insulating sheet, one end of the iron sheet is connected with a power supply provided with a switch through a wire, arc-shaped grooves matched with the outer guide rail are formed in the front ends of the upper insulating sheet and the lower insulating sheet, a mounting plate is rotatably mounted on one side of the arc-shaped grooves of the upper insulating sheet, and the proximity switch is mounted on the mounting plate;
moreover, the ejection mechanism comprises an ejection seat and an ejection arrow, the ejection arrow is mounted on the ejection seat, the ejection arrow coaxially penetrates through a top plate of the test rack, the ejection arrow comprises an arrow rod and an arrow head, the bottom end of the arrow rod is coaxially and fixedly provided with the arrow head, gear holes are formed in a rod body of the arrow rod at intervals, a first-stage gear, a second-stage gear, a third-stage gear, a fourth-stage gear and a fifth-stage gear are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a lifting hole is formed in the circumferential wall of the top end of the arrow rod; launch the seat and include fixing base, fixed plate, bow arm and bowstring, fixed plate cross fixed connection sets up at the test bench roof upper surface, and the both sides of every fixed plate all make the bow arm of arc form, and is provided with the bowstring between the bow arm tip, the bowstring penetrates the arrow shaft upper end through connection of arrow, the fixing base is installed on the test bench roof, and is located the fixed plate top, the bullet is penetrated the arrow and is passed through the installation of fixing base coaxial locking.
The fixing seat comprises a fixing seat body and a binding limiting assembly, wherein two ends of the bottom of the fixing seat body are provided with mounting portions, the mounting portions are used for mounting the fixing seat body on a top plate through bolts, a sliding embedded groove for shooting arrow rods of an arrow is formed in the middle of one side of the fixing seat body, the fixing seat body is further provided with the binding limiting assembly, the binding limiting assembly comprises a first spring, a second spring, a rotating shaft, a locking releasing block and a limiting block, the fixing seat body on two sides of the sliding embedded groove is symmetrically provided with the locking releasing block through the rotating shaft, the locking releasing block comprises a rectangular block, locking angles and releasing angles are respectively formed in the upper oblique diagonal angle and the lower oblique diagonal angle of the rectangular block, the locking angles are used for being positioned and inserted into gear holes of the arrow rods of the shooting arrow rods, and the releasing angles are used for triggering a launching mechanism; the first spring is a torsion spring, the two ends of the first spring penetrate through the upper portion of the rectangular block and are fixedly connected with the fixing base body, the second spring is arranged in a crossed mode, the two ends of the second spring are respectively installed on the locking releasing block, the fixing base body corresponding to the position near the releasing angle is further symmetrically provided with limiting blocks.
Moreover, the top plate is also provided with a lifting mechanism which is positioned above the ejection mechanism, and the top plates on the two sides of the ejection mechanism are also provided with a launching mechanism; the lifting mechanism comprises a cylinder frame, a cylinder, a disc and a lifting hook, wherein the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder frame, a telescopic rod of the cylinder faces downwards vertically, the disc is fixedly arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod coaxially, and the lifting hook used for hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an ejection arrow is arranged on the disc at intervals; the launching mechanism comprises a cylinder seat, a forward pushing cylinder and a forward pushing head, wherein the forward pushing cylinder is mounted on the cylinder seat, and the forward pushing head is coaxially and fixedly mounted at the end part of a telescopic rod of the forward pushing cylinder.
The main motion box comprises a rectangular frame body which is through from front to back, through holes are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the frame body and used for assembling an inner guide rail, fixedly arranging a sensor and matching with an outer guide rail to pass through in a sliding mode, and the structure of the load box is the same as that of the main motion box; and the outer guide rail and the inner guide rail are both coated with lubricating oil.
Moreover, the self quality is adjusted through setting up the balancing weight in the load case, simulation load shedding subassembly operating condition.
Moreover, the load relief assembly comprises a spring, rubber and a high molecular polymer.
An evaluation method for a load shedding component, which is implemented by a test device for evaluating the load shedding effect, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a load shedding component to be tested, and installing the load shedding component to be tested between a main motion box and a load box;
step two: selecting an impact chopping board made of a corresponding material according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, and mounting the selected impact chopping board on a base of the test rack;
step three: fixing the main motion box to a preset height through a limiting release clamp according to the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested;
the limiting release clamp is clamped on a preset outer guide rail in a sliding mode, then the main motion box is lifted to the position below the limiting release clamp and is in contact with the lower surface of the limiting release clamp, a power supply is communicated, and the iron sheet is electrified to generate a magnet so as to attract the main motion box;
step four: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding assembly to be measured, the main motion box is actively released or is matched with an ejection mechanism to be released at a fixed point through a control device, so that the main motion box falls down to collide with an impact chopping board, and meanwhile, an acceleration sensor is used for acquiring real-time data;
step five: the control device receives information acquired by the acceleration sensor, and data processing is carried out to obtain an acceleration curve;
the acceleration curve comprises an acceleration curve of the main motion box and an acceleration curve of the load box;
step six: the acceleration curve obtained by the above experiment was observed, and quantitative evaluation of the load shedding effect was carried out on the load shedding module using the following formula, namely (a)i-ar)/ai100% of formula (a)i、arThe maximum absolute values of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box are respectively.
In the fourth step, 1) when the height of the outer guide rail meets the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested, the active release is selected, and a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limiting release clamp on the control device is pressed, so that the main motion box does not have initial speed and slides downwards along the free falling body of the outer guide rail; 2) when the height of the outer guide rail cannot meet the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, the ejection mechanism needs to be released in a matched mode, and the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism is selected according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an ejection arrow by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the ejection arrow to a gear hole corresponding to a preset ejection grade, locking the ejection arrow by a locking angle of a locking release block, pressing a push-forward cylinder button on a control device, starting a push-forward cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing a push-forward head by the push-forward cylinder to push a release angle of the locking release block, rotating the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole, so that ejection of the ejection arrow is realized, and when an arrow of the ejection arrow reaches a proximity switch, the proximity switch is disconnected, so that an iron sheet of a limiting release clamp loses power and loses magnetic force, and a main motion box moves downwards along acceleration of an outer guide rail at an initial speed.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the device has the characteristics of simple operation, flexible test piece installation, wide measurement range and wide test object; particularly, the impact process is very complex, the data obtained by measuring the acceleration in the process has great dispersibility, and the test device is provided with the inner guide rail and the outer guide rail, so that the motion trail of each motion assembly is along a one-dimensional direction and is consistent with the measurement direction of the sensor, thereby reducing the transverse measurement error to the maximum extent, and the obtained experimental data has small dispersibility and good repeatability. In addition, because the load box and the load shedding assembly are arranged in the main motion box and move along with the main motion box, the external interference can be prevented to the maximum extent, the experimental object is respectively connected with the load box and the main motion box, and other assemblies cannot influence the test process, so the experimental data directly reflects the load shedding effect of the load box, the sensor can synchronously measure the acceleration change curves of the main motion box and the load box along with time in real time, the experimental result is simple and intuitive, the subsequent analysis and evaluation on the load shedding effect are facilitated, and the load shedding limit of the load shedding assembly is determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of the testing device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a limiting mechanism of the testing device of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ejection assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box obtained in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box obtained in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an acceleration curve of the main motion box and the load box obtained in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A test device for evaluating the load shedding effect comprises a test frame 6, a test mechanism and an ejection mechanism 5, wherein the test frame comprises a base 6-3, a top plate 6-1 and support columns 6-2, the top plate is parallelly installed on the base through the support columns to form a frame structure, two outer guide rails 12 are parallelly arranged in the test frame, the upper end and the lower end of each outer guide rail are respectively connected with the top plate and the base of the test frame through bolts, the outer guide rails are guaranteed to be parallel to each other to the maximum extent, the test mechanism is installed on the outer guide rails in a sliding mode, the test mechanism comprises a main motion box 11, a load box 9, a load shedding assembly 10 and an impact head 1, the main motion box is installed on the outer guide rails in a sliding mode, the outer guide rails limit the motion track of the main motion box and play a supporting role, and in order to enable the main motion box to move better, the surface of the outer guide rail is coated with lubricating oil, the friction force between the main motion box and the outer guide rail is reduced to the maximum extent, the main motion box is internally provided with an inner guide rail 8, two ends of the inner guide rail are respectively connected with the main motion box through bolts, the load box is slidably arranged on the inner guide rail and is fixedly connected with the main motion box through a load reduction assembly, the surface of the inner guide rail is also coated with lubricating oil to keep the surface smoothness of the inner guide rail, the load reduction assembly is used for reducing the maximum acceleration value of the load box in the impact process, sensors are arranged in the main motion box and the load box and are in signal connection with a control device, the middle part of the bottom surface of the main motion box is provided with an impact head, the impact head is connected with the main motion box in a welding mode to ensure the connection rigidity of the impact head, and the middle part of the upper surface of the base of the test rack corresponding to the position of the impact head is provided with an impact chopping board 13, the impact chopping block is connected with the base through bolts so as to be convenient to replace when the impact chopping block is obviously deformed, an ejection mechanism is arranged on a top plate of the test stand and is aligned to the middle of the top surface of the main motion box and used for ejecting the main motion box, a limiting release clamp 7 is movably clamped on the outer guide rail and used for fixing the main motion box at a fixed point on the outer guide rail, and the main motion box is actively or cooperatively released and impacted at the fixed point by the ejection mechanism;
the ejection mechanism can be in a mechanical ejection mode, a compressed gas ejection mode or an electromagnetic ejection mode and the like, the ejection mechanism has the function of enabling the main motion box to generate a certain initial speed, so that the impact head and the impact chopping board generate a larger acceleration extreme value during subsequent collision, the test range is expanded, and when the load shedding effect of the load shedding assembly under the extreme working condition needs to be measured, the ejection assembly can be used for simulation;
the embodiment adopts mechanical ejection, for example, a bow-arrow type structure, the specific structure of which comprises an ejection seat and an ejection arrow 5-1, the ejection arrow coaxially penetrates through a top plate of a test rack, the ejection arrow comprises an arrow rod and an arrow 5-11, the bottom end of the arrow rod is coaxially and fixedly provided with the arrow, a rod body of the arrow rod is provided with gear holes 5-1-2 at intervals, a first-stage gear, a second-stage gear, a third-stage gear, a fourth-stage gear and a fifth-stage gear are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a lifting hole is formed in a circumferential wall at the top end of the arrow rod; the ejection seat comprises fixed seats 5-4, fixed plates, bow arms 5-10 and bowstrings 5-9, the fixed plates are fixedly connected on the upper surface of a top plate of the test frame in a crossed manner, arc-shaped bow arms are manufactured on two sides of each fixed plate, the bowstrings are arranged between the end parts of the bow arms, the bowstrings are also connected with the upper end part of a rocket rod of the ejection arrow in a penetrating manner, the fixed seats are installed on the top plate of the test frame through bolts and located above the fixed plates, and the ejection arrow is coaxially locked and installed through the fixed seats;
the fixing seat comprises a fixing seat body and a binding limiting assembly, wherein two ends of the bottom of the fixing seat body are provided with mounting parts, the mounting parts are used for mounting the fixing seat body on a top plate through bolts, the middle part of one side of the fixing seat body is provided with a sliding caulking groove for ejecting an arrow rod of an arrow, the fixing seat body is also provided with the binding limiting assembly, the binding limiting assembly comprises a first spring 5-2, a second spring 5-3, a rotating shaft 5-5-2, a locking releasing block 5-5 and a limiting block 5-6, the fixing seat bodies on two sides of the sliding caulking groove are symmetrically provided with the locking releasing block through the rotating shaft, the locking releasing block rotates by taking the rotating shaft as an axis, the locking releasing block comprises a rectangular block, and the upper diagonal angle and the lower diagonal angle of the rectangular block are respectively provided with a locking angle 5-5-1 and a releasing angle 5-5-3, the locking angle is used for being positioned and inserted into a gear hole of an arrow rod of the shooting arrow, and the releasing angle is used for triggering the launching mechanism; the first spring is a torsion spring, two ends of the first spring penetrate through the upper part of the rectangular block and are fixedly connected with the fixing seat body, the second spring is arranged in a crossed mode, two ends of the second spring are respectively installed on the locking and releasing blocks and used for restraining the rotation angle of the two locking and releasing blocks, the second spring is combined to surround and block the ejection arrow, the ejection arrow can slide up and down in the sliding caulking groove, limiting blocks are symmetrically installed on the fixing seat body corresponding to the positions near the release angles, the release angles are prevented from rotating in a limited mode, and therefore the ejection arrow cannot be pulled well;
in the specific implementation of the invention, the ejection mechanism is further provided with a lifting mechanism 4, the two sides of the ejection mechanism are provided with the launching mechanisms, the lifting mechanism can adopt the modes of a jack, a cylinder, a motor and the like, the embodiment adopts the mode of the cylinder, the specific structure comprises a cylinder frame, a cylinder, a disc and lifting hooks, the cylinder frame comprises a support plate 4-2 and a support column 4-1, the cylinder 4-3 is arranged on the cylinder frame, a telescopic rod 4-4 of the cylinder is vertically downward, the end part of the telescopic rod is coaxially and fixedly provided with the disc 4-5, the disc is provided with the lifting hooks 4-6 at intervals, and the lifting hooks are used for hooking lifting holes at the top end of the ejection arrow; the launching mechanism comprises a cylinder seat 5-8, a forward pushing cylinder and a forward pushing head 5-7, the forward pushing cylinder is mounted on the cylinder seat, the forward pushing head is coaxially and fixedly mounted at the end part of a telescopic rod of the forward pushing cylinder, the forward pushing head is aligned to an inclined plane of a release angle of the locking and releasing block, when the forward pushing head pushes the inclined plane of the release angle to apply pressure, the locking and releasing block rotates, the upper locking angle rotates to leave the gear hole, and therefore the release of the shot arrow is achieved;
the limiting and releasing clamp comprises a limiting clamp body 7-1 and a releasing assembly, the limiting clamp body is a clamp in the prior art, a clamp groove 7-7 is formed in the end portion of the limiting clamp, the releasing assembly is installed on the limiting clamp through an installation shaft 7-3, the releasing assembly comprises a lower insulating sheet 7-6, an upper insulating sheet 7-2, an iron sheet 7-4 and a proximity switch 7-9, an iron sheet is installed between the lower insulating sheet and the upper insulating sheet, one end of the iron sheet is connected with a power supply provided with a switch through a wire, arc grooves 7-5 matched with an outer guide rail are formed in the front ends of the upper insulating sheet and the lower insulating sheet, a mounting plate 7-8 is further rotatably installed on one side of the arc grooves of the upper insulating sheet, and the proximity switch is installed on the mounting plate;
the main motion box comprises a rectangular frame body which is through from front to back, through holes are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the frame body and used for assembling an inner guide rail, fixedly arranging a sensor and matching with an outer guide rail to slide through, the structure of the load box is the same as that of the main motion box and is a rectangular frame body which is through from front to back, smooth through holes are also processed in the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate of the load box, the inner guide rail can conveniently penetrate through the smooth through holes, the load box can be guaranteed to freely move along the inner guide rail, the maximum stroke of the load box is 100 mm, the self quality of the load box can be adjusted by adding a balancing weight, and the self weight of a load reduction assembly in an actual working condition can be simulated;
in the specific implementation of the invention, the impact head can be made of high-strength alloy steel, stainless steel nickel alloy, cobalt-based alloy, titanium alloy and other metal materials, and the embodiment adopts alloy steel to avoid the impact head from generating obvious plastic deformation when the impact head collides with the impact chopping board; the impact chopping block can be made of metal materials, rubber, wood, concrete and the like; when the impact head collides with an impact chopping board made of different materials, the change of the collision time and the extreme value of the acceleration is large, and the actual working condition can be referred to for the selection of specific materials.
The load shedding assembly is a test object of the application, the load shedding assembly is flexible in arrangement and can be placed at any position between the main motion box and the load box, the load shedding assembly can be an object with a buffer structure, such as a spring, rubber, a high polymer and the like, the sensor is an acceleration sensor, the application adopts a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.5pc/g, the maximum range is 50000g, and the measurement error is +/-5%; the wireless module and the control device are in the prior art, and the control device receives signals of the acceleration sensors through the wireless module and converts the signals into acceleration values to form an acceleration curve;
the power switch, the proximity switch, the acceleration sensor, the cylinder and the forward pushing cylinder are all connected with the control device.
The device is simple to operate, the load shedding assembly is flexible to install, the measuring range is wide, the testing objects are wide, particularly, the impact process is very complex, the data obtained by measuring the acceleration in the process has great dispersity, and the motion trail of each motion assembly is enabled to be along a one-dimensional direction and to be consistent with the measuring direction of the sensor due to the arrangement of the inner guide rail and the outer guide rail in the testing device, so that the transverse measuring error is reduced to the maximum extent, and the obtained experimental data has small dispersity and good repeatability;
in addition, because the load box and the load shedding assembly are arranged in the main motion box and move along with the main motion box, the external interference can be prevented to the maximum extent, the experimental object is respectively connected with the load box and the main motion box, and other assemblies cannot influence the test process, so the experimental data directly reflects the load shedding effect of the load box, the sensor can synchronously measure the acceleration change curves of the main motion box and the load box along with time in real time, the experimental result is simple and intuitive, the subsequent analysis and evaluation on the load shedding effect are facilitated, and the load shedding limit of the load shedding assembly is determined.
The invention also provides an evaluation method for the load shedding assembly, which is implemented by a test device for evaluating the load shedding effect, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a to-be-tested load shedding assembly, and installing the to-be-tested assembly;
installing a load shedding assembly to be tested between a main motion box and a load box through bolts;
step two: selecting an impact chopping board made of a corresponding material according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, and mounting the selected high-strength bolt of the impact chopping board on the base of the test frame to ensure that the impact chopping board cannot generate obvious displacement in the process of impacting the impact chopping board with the impact head;
step three: fixing the main motion box to a preset height through a limiting release clamp according to the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested;
the limiting release clamp is clamped on a preset outer guide rail in a sliding mode, then the main motion box is lifted to the position below the limiting release clamp and is in contact with the lower surface of the limiting release clamp, a power supply is communicated, and the iron sheet is electrified to generate a magnet so as to attract the main motion box;
step four: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding assembly to be measured, the main motion box is actively released or is matched with an ejection mechanism to be released at a fixed point through a control device, so that the main motion box falls down to collide with an impact chopping board, and meanwhile, an acceleration sensor is used for acquiring real-time data;
1) when the height of the outer guide rail meets the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested, active release is selected, a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limiting release clamp on a control device is pressed, and the main motion box is enabled to slide down and fall along the free falling body of the outer guide rail without initial speed;
2) when the height of the outer guide rail cannot meet the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested, the ejection mechanism is required to be released in a matched mode, the main motion box is lifted to the preset highest height of the outer guide rail and is fixed through a limiting release clamp, and then the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism is selected according to the actual working condition requirement of the assembly to be tested; the method comprises the steps that a cylinder of a lifting mechanism is driven to descend a disc, then a lifting hook is used for hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an ejection arrow, the cylinder is started, the ejection arrow is lifted to a gear hole corresponding to a preset ejection grade, a locking angle of a locking release block locks the ejection arrow, a forward push cylinder button on a control device is pressed, a forward push cylinder of a launching mechanism is started, a forward push head is pushed by the forward push cylinder to push a release angle of the locking release block, the locking angle is rotated to be separated from the gear hole, ejection of the ejection arrow is achieved, when an arrow of the ejection arrow reaches a proximity switch, the proximity switch is disconnected, an iron sheet of a limiting release clamp is powered off, magnetic force is lost, and a main motion box with an initial speed moves downwards along an outer guide rail;
step five: the control device receives information acquired by the acceleration sensor, and data processing is carried out to obtain an acceleration curve;
the acceleration curve comprises an acceleration curve of the main motion box and an acceleration curve of the load box;
step six: the acceleration curve obtained by the above experiment was observed, and quantitative evaluation of the load shedding effect was carried out on the load shedding module using the following formula, namely (a)i-ar)/ai100% of formula (a)i、arThe maximum absolute values of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box are respectively;
the test evaluation method is suitable for testing and evaluating the load shedding assembly in the moving object.
The device is actually tested and evaluated in combination with the method, and the specific test evaluation is as follows:
example 1
The impact head is machined into a hemisphere with the radius of 20mm, the impact chopping board is connected with the base through high-strength bolts, and the impact chopping board is made of a 20# carbon steel plate with the thickness of 30 mm.
The main motion box is connected with the inner guide rail in a bolt mode, the inner guide rail is made of a steel bar with the diameter of 5mm, lubricating oil is coated on the surface of the inner guide rail, and the high smoothness is kept. Smooth through holes are processed on the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate of the load box and penetrate through the inner guide rail, so that the load box can move freely along the inner guide rail, and the weight of the load box is 80 g. The main motion box and the load box are respectively connected with a load shedding component (a test object) through high-strength bolts, the limit release clamp is adjusted to a preset height, the power supply is communicated to fix the main motion box to a height of 0.5m, the load shedding component is a tight-loop spiral spring made of 60Si2Mn spring steel, the diameter of a spring wire is 0.8mm, the diameter of the spring is 12mm, the number of turns of the spring is 10, the two sensors are respectively fixed to the tops of the main motion box and the load box through the high-strength bolts, the sensors are piezoelectric acceleration sensors, the sensitivity is 0.5pc/g, the maximum range is 50000g, and the measurement error is +/-5%. The sensor transmits an electric signal to the signal amplifier, the electric signal is transmitted to the control device (a data acquisition and analysis component) after low-pass filtering, the data acquisition frequency is 100ksps, and the final conversion result is 1 mv/g. The control device starts data acquisition, a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limiting release clamp on the control device is pressed, the main motion box does not have initial speed, slides downwards along an outer guide rail free falling body and falls, at the moment, the acceleration is accelerated until the impact head finishes collision with the impact chopping board, data acquisition is stopped, acceleration curves of the main motion box and the load box collected in the figure 5 are obtained, the maximum absolute value of the acceleration of the load box is obviously lower than that of the main motion box, the maximum values of the acceleration of the load box and the impact chopping board are 3530g and 1305g respectively, quantitative evaluation is carried out on the load reduction effect by adopting the following formula, namely (ai-ar)/ai 100%, wherein ai and ar are the maximum absolute values of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box respectively, and the load reduction effect in the embodiment is 63%.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the main difference of the embodiment is that the main motion box is not released at the initial speed at the height of 0.8m, the main motion box is connected with the load box through the load reduction assembly, namely the load reduction assembly is fixed on the bottom plate of the main motion box through a high-strength bolt, and the load box is ensured to be closely contacted with the bottom plate of the buffer piece, the load reduction assembly in the embodiment is made of metal sponge, namely a block body with certain shape and size is formed by winding metal wires, the metal wires are made of SUS304 austenitic stainless steel, the wire diameter is 0.2mm, the block body is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, the outer diameter is 30mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, and the height is 20 mm. FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of acceleration curves of a main motion box and a load box, the maximum value of the acceleration of the main motion box is 5750g, the maximum value of the acceleration of the load box is 1297g due to the load shedding effect of a load shedding component, the vibration period of the main motion box is about 350 μ s and the vibration period of the load box is about 1ms in the test process, and the calculated load shedding effect of the metal sponge is 77%.
Example 3
The main difference between this example and example 1 is that the load-reducing component is a compression spring made of 65Mn spring steel, the wire diameter of the spring is 1.2mm, the diameter is 12mm, the number of turns is 5, the helix angle of the spring is 9 degrees, and the impact chopping block is made of an aluminum alloy with a thickness of 30 mm. Firstly, lifting a main motion box to an outer guide rail with the preset highest height of 2m, fixing the main motion box through a limiting release clamp, and then selecting the ejection grade of an ejection mechanism according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an ejection arrow by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the ejection arrow to a second gear hole, locking the ejection arrow by a locking angle of a locking release block, pressing a push-forward cylinder button on a control device, starting a push-forward cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing a push-forward head by the push-forward cylinder to a release angle of the locking release block, rotating the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole, so that ejection of the ejection arrow is realized, when an arrow of the ejection arrow reaches a proximity switch, the proximity switch is switched off, so that an iron sheet of a limiting release clamp is powered off and loses magnetic force, a main motion box obtains a certain initial speed through the ejection mechanism and then makes linear acceleration motion downwards along an outer guide rail, fig. 7 is a comparison of an acceleration curve of the main motion box and a load box, the maximum acceleration value of the main motion box is found from the data in the figure is 00g, and the maximum acceleration of the load box under the action of a load reduction assembly 112, the vibration period of the main motion box is 4315g, and the maximum acceleration of the main motion box is about 190 mu s, and the load case vibration period is about 260 μ s, the load relief effect of the compression spring is calculated to be 61%.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test device for deloading effect evaluation, includes the test bench, the test bench includes base, roof and support column, the roof passes through support column parallel mount and forms a frame construction, its characterized in that on the base: the test rack is characterized in that an outer guide rail is arranged in the test rack, a test mechanism is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail and comprises a main motion box, a load shedding assembly and an impact head, the main motion box is slidably arranged on the outer guide rail, an inner guide rail is arranged in the main motion box, the load box is slidably arranged on the inner guide rail and is fixedly connected with the main motion box through the load shedding assembly, sensors are arranged in the main motion box and the load box, the impact head is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the main motion box, an impact is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of a base of the test rack corresponding to the position of the impact head, an ejection mechanism for ejecting the main motion box is further arranged on a top plate of the test rack and is aligned with the middle of the top surface of the main motion box, a limit release clamp is movably clamped on the outer guide rail and is used for fixing the main motion box on the outer guide rail at a fixed point, and the main motion box is actively or cooperatively released and impacted at a fixed point by an ejection mechanism.
2. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: spacing release presss from both sides including spacing clamp body and release assembly, install the release assembly on the spacing clamp body, the release assembly includes insulating piece, last insulating piece, iron sheet and proximity switch down, install the iron sheet down between insulating piece and the last insulating piece, iron sheet one end is passed through the electric wire and is linked to each other with the power that is equipped with the switch, the front end system of going up insulating piece and insulating piece down has the arc wall with outer guide rail looks adaptation, just go up arc wall one side of insulating piece and still rotate an installation mounting panel, install proximity switch on this mounting panel.
3. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ejection mechanism comprises an ejection seat and an ejection arrow, the ejection arrow is mounted on the ejection seat, the ejection arrow coaxially penetrates through a top plate of the test frame, the ejection arrow comprises an arrow rod and an arrow head, the bottom end of the arrow rod is coaxially and fixedly provided with the arrow head, gear holes are formed in the rod body of the arrow rod at intervals, a first-stage gear, a second-stage gear, a third-stage gear, a fourth-stage gear and a fifth-stage gear are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and a lifting hole is formed in the circumferential wall of the top end of the arrow rod; launch the seat and include fixing base, fixed plate, bow arm and bowstring, fixed plate cross fixed connection sets up at the test bench roof upper surface, and the both sides of every fixed plate all make the bow arm of arc form, and is provided with the bowstring between the bow arm tip, the bowstring penetrates the arrow shaft upper end through connection of arrow, the fixing base is installed on the test bench roof, and is located the fixed plate top, the bullet is penetrated the arrow and is passed through the installation of fixing base coaxial locking.
4. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fixing seat comprises a fixing seat body and a binding limiting assembly, wherein two ends of the bottom of the fixing seat body are mounting portions, the mounting portions mount the fixing seat body on a top plate through bolts, a sliding caulking groove for shooting arrow rods of an arrow is formed in the middle of one side of the fixing seat body, the fixing seat body is further provided with the binding limiting assembly, the binding limiting assembly comprises a first spring, a second spring, a rotating shaft, a locking releasing block and a limiting block, the fixing seat body on two sides of the sliding caulking groove is symmetrically provided with the locking releasing block through the rotating shaft, the locking releasing block comprises a rectangular block, locking angles and releasing angles are respectively formed in upper and lower oblique opposite angles of the rectangular block, the locking angles are used for being positioned and inserted in gear holes of the shot arrow rods, and the releasing angles are used for triggering a launching mechanism; the first spring is a torsion spring, the two ends of the first spring penetrate through the upper portion of the rectangular block and are fixedly connected with the fixing base body, the second spring is arranged in a crossed mode, the two ends of the second spring are respectively installed on the locking releasing block, the fixing base body corresponding to the position near the releasing angle is further symmetrically provided with limiting blocks.
5. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top plate is also provided with a lifting mechanism which is positioned above the ejection mechanism, and the top plates on two sides of the ejection mechanism are also provided with emission mechanisms; the lifting mechanism comprises a cylinder frame, a cylinder, a disc and a lifting hook, wherein the cylinder is arranged on the cylinder frame, a telescopic rod of the cylinder faces downwards vertically, the disc is fixedly arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod coaxially, and the lifting hook used for hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an ejection arrow is arranged on the disc at intervals; the launching mechanism comprises a cylinder seat, a forward pushing cylinder and a forward pushing head, wherein the forward pushing cylinder is mounted on the cylinder seat, and the forward pushing head is coaxially and fixedly mounted at the end part of a telescopic rod of the forward pushing cylinder.
6. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main motion box comprises a rectangular frame body which is penetrated through from front to back, through holes are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the frame body and used for assembling an inner guide rail, fixedly arranging a sensor and matching with an outer guide rail to pass through in a sliding mode, and the structure of the load box is the same as that of the main motion box; and the outer guide rail and the inner guide rail are both coated with lubricating oil.
7. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self quality is adjusted through setting up the balancing weight in the load case, simulation load reduction subassembly operating condition.
8. The test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the load relief assembly comprises a spring, rubber and high molecular polymer.
9. An evaluation method for a load shedding assembly, characterized by: the test apparatus for evaluating a load shedding effect according to claim 1, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a load shedding component to be tested, and installing the load shedding component to be tested between a main motion box and a load box;
step two: selecting an impact chopping board made of a corresponding material according to the actual working condition of the load shedding component to be tested, and mounting the selected impact chopping board on a base of the test rack;
step three: fixing the main motion box to a preset height through a limiting release clamp according to the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested;
the limiting release clamp is clamped on a preset outer guide rail in a sliding mode, then the main motion box is lifted to the position below the limiting release clamp and is in contact with the lower surface of the limiting release clamp, a power supply is communicated, and the iron sheet is electrified to generate a magnet so as to attract the main motion box;
step four: according to the actual working condition of the load shedding assembly to be measured, the main motion box is actively released or is matched with an ejection mechanism to be released at a fixed point through a control device, so that the main motion box falls down to collide with an impact chopping board, and meanwhile, an acceleration sensor is used for acquiring real-time data;
step five: the control device receives information acquired by the acceleration sensor, and data processing is carried out to obtain an acceleration curve;
the acceleration curve comprises an acceleration curve of the main motion box and an acceleration curve of the load box;
step six: the acceleration curve obtained by the above experiment was observed, and quantitative evaluation of the load shedding effect was carried out on the load shedding module using the following formula, namely (a)i-ar)/ai100% of formula (a)i、arThe maximum absolute values of the acceleration of the main motion box and the load box are respectively.
10. The evaluation method for a load shedding assembly according to claim 9, wherein:
in the fourth step, 1) when the height of the outer guide rail meets the test requirement of the load shedding assembly to be tested, selecting active release, pressing a button of a power switch on an active disconnection limiting release clamp on a control device, and enabling the main motion box to slide down and fall along the free falling body of the outer guide rail at no initial speed; 2) when the height of the outer guide rail cannot meet the test requirement of the load shedding component to be tested, the ejection mechanism needs to be released in a matched mode, and the ejection grade of the ejection mechanism is selected according to the actual working condition requirement of the component to be tested; the method comprises the steps of driving a cylinder of a lifting mechanism to descend a disc, hooking a lifting hole at the top end of an ejection arrow by a lifting hook, starting the cylinder, lifting the ejection arrow to a gear hole corresponding to a preset ejection grade, locking the ejection arrow by a locking angle of a locking release block, pressing a push-forward cylinder button on a control device, starting a push-forward cylinder of a launching mechanism, pushing a push-forward head by the push-forward cylinder to push a release angle of the locking release block, rotating the locking angle to be separated from the gear hole, so that ejection of the ejection arrow is realized, and when an arrow of the ejection arrow reaches a proximity switch, the proximity switch is disconnected, so that an iron sheet of a limiting release clamp loses power and loses magnetic force, and a main motion box moves downwards along acceleration of an outer guide rail at an initial speed.
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