CN114097603A - Castration quality-keeping method for hybrid corn seed production - Google Patents
Castration quality-keeping method for hybrid corn seed production Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097603A CN114097603A CN202111426995.4A CN202111426995A CN114097603A CN 114097603 A CN114097603 A CN 114097603A CN 202111426995 A CN202111426995 A CN 202111426995A CN 114097603 A CN114097603 A CN 114097603A
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000007244 Zea mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a castration quality-guaranteeing method for hybrid corn seed production, which adopts a sowing mode of staggered transplanting of female parent and male parent, firstly sowing the female parent, and transplanting a row of male parent between two rows of female parents 3-5 days after the female parent is sowed, thus solving the problems of flower period dissimilarity, pollination rate and low fruiting rate of the male parent and the female parent; after the hybridization and natural pollination, castration treatment is carried out, so that the female parent fully receives the pollen of the male parent, and the seed production and breeding speed and the breeding success rate are improved. The method is adopted to carry out multi-generation low-temperature treatment on the corn seeds, so as to culture high-quality hybrid corn seeds with low-temperature resistance, and the prepared corn seeds can be sown under the condition that the daily average temperature is lower than 8 ℃, so that the capability of resisting external adverse environment and the capability of adapting to environmental conditions are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating corn in a high-ridge film covering mode.
Background
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important grain crop and one of important strategic reserves in China. Along with the increase of the attention degree of the national policy to the corn seed industry, the improvement of the corn seed production quantity and the seed production area is one of the development directions of the grain safety in China at present.
The growth and the maturity of any crops require a certain accumulated temperature, and the same is true for the corn. Plants require temperatures higher than those required for growth activities to develop properly, and the temperature budget refers to the sum of the effective temperatures of the plant throughout the growth period. Usually, the accumulated temperature source when planting corn is the temperature under natural conditions within a certain time, and in order to ensure seed germination, a field film is usually used for heat preservation, so that the corn seeds obtain enough effective accumulated temperature to promote germination. The temperature of the germination of the corn seeds is about above 5 ℃, and the temperature of the normal germination and growth of the corn is at least above 8 ℃. At present, a pond prepared for sowing the conventional corn seed production is usually 3cm deep, and the film is directly covered above the pond after sowing, but the method can only meet the corn seed production sowed in late spring and summer, and cannot provide enough accumulated temperature guarantee for sowing in low-temperature periods with the temperature lower than 8 ℃, such as winter and early spring. Although the demand for improving the corn seed production quantity is high under the guidance of national policies, the cultivated land area of the grain crops is limited at present, and the expansion of the seed production quantity is greatly limited. In addition, the occurrence frequency of extreme climates is increased in recent years, unexpected out-of-season abnormal low temperature phenomenon can occur in some areas, and the production risk of corn seed production is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a castration quality-guaranteeing method for hybrid corn seed production.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the emasculation quality-guaranteeing method for hybrid corn seed production comprises the following steps:
1) low-temperature cultivation: selecting sea poking in a test field of 800-;
the row spacing between the female parent and the corn parent is 40-50cm, the seeding of the female parent is 3-5 days earlier than that of the male parent, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is the same;
2) castration: emasculation is carried out on the corn female parent in the heading period, when the male ear is exposed to 6-7cm of top leaves and powder scattering does not exist, emasculation is carried out by adopting a plant separation mode.
Further, before the row-inserting sowing, the method also comprises the following steps of carrying out multi-generation optimization treatment on the corn hybrid:
1) emasculation treatment is carried out on half of the corn hybrid seeds to serve as F1 generation mother seeds; the other half is subjected to female removal treatment to serve as an F1 generation male parent;
2) sowing and cultivating at low temperature: selecting a test field with a sea level temperature of 0-8 ℃, sowing female parents of F1 generation and male parents of F1 generation respectively, and collecting pollen of male plants of F1 generation to perform artificial pollination on plants of female parents of F1 generation;
3) cultivating at low temperature to obtain hybrid corn seeds of F2 generation, screening high-quality seeds, and emasculating half-and-half of the hybrid corn seeds to obtain female parent of F2 generation and male parent of F2 generation;
4) and (3) repeating the steps 2) and 3) for multi-generation breeding treatment to obtain the low-temperature-resistant corn female parent and the corn male parent.
Furthermore, the obtained low-temperature resistant corn female parent and the corn male parent are subjected to cold resistance evaluation, and excellent hybrid corn seeds with obviously improved low-temperature resistance are obtained through screening.
Further, the female parent castration method in the second step comprises the following steps: when the head leaf of the female parent tassel is not exposed, the head leaf is stripped to remove the tassel or the tassel and the head leaf are removed together.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the method-the sowing mode of alternate transplanting of the female parent and the male parent, the female parent is sown firstly, and a row of the male parent is sown between two rows of the female parent in 3-5 days after the female parent is sown, so that the problems of flower period dissimilarity, pollination rate and low fruiting rate of the male parent and the female parent are solved; after the hybridization and natural pollination, castration treatment is carried out, so that the female parent fully receives the pollen of the male parent, and the seed production and breeding speed and the breeding success rate are improved.
2. The method is adopted to carry out multi-generation low-temperature treatment on the corn seeds, so as to culture high-quality hybrid corn seeds with low-temperature resistance, and the prepared corn seeds can be sown under the condition that the daily average temperature is lower than 8 ℃, so that the capability of resisting external adverse environment and the capability of adapting to environmental conditions are improved.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
The emasculation quality-guaranteeing method for hybrid corn seed production comprises the following steps:
step one, low-temperature breeding treatment:
1) emasculation treatment is carried out on half of the corn hybrid seeds to serve as F1 generation mother seeds; the other half is subjected to female removal treatment to serve as an F1 generation male parent;
2) sowing and cultivating at low temperature: selecting a test field with the sea-dialing temperature of about 5 ℃, sowing female parents of the F1 generation and male parents of the F1 generation respectively, and collecting pollen of male plants of the F1 generation to carry out artificial pollination on plants of female parents of the F1 generation;
3) cultivating at low temperature to obtain hybrid corn seeds of F2 generation, screening high-quality seeds, and emasculating half-and-half of the hybrid corn seeds to obtain female parent of F2 generation and male parent of F2 generation;
4) repeating the steps 2) and 3), and carrying out multi-generation breeding treatment to obtain a low-temperature-resistant corn female parent and a corn male parent;
step two,
1) Low-temperature cultivation: selecting a sea level to cultivate corns in a 1200-meter test field, respectively sowing low-temperature-resistant corn female parents and corn male parents, and sowing one row of corn male parents between every two rows of corn female parents by adopting a sandwich type row-inserting sowing mode;
the row spacing between the female parent and the female parent of the corn is 45cm, the seeding of the female parent is 3 days earlier than that of the male parent, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is the same;
2) castration: emasculation is carried out on the corn female parent in the heading period, when the male ear is exposed to 6-7cm of top leaves and powder scattering does not exist, emasculation is carried out by adopting a plant separation mode.
The seed production area is 50 mu each year in two consecutive years, and the average seed production yield is 120.5kg and 112.0 kg.
Example 2
The emasculation quality-guaranteeing method for hybrid corn seed production comprises the following steps:
step one, low-temperature breeding treatment:
1) emasculation treatment is carried out on half of the corn hybrid seeds to serve as F1 generation mother seeds; the other half is subjected to female removal treatment to serve as an F1 generation male parent;
2) sowing and cultivating at low temperature: selecting a test field with the sea-dialing temperature of about 5 ℃, sowing female parents of the F1 generation and male parents of the F1 generation respectively, and collecting pollen of male plants of the F1 generation to carry out artificial pollination on plants of female parents of the F1 generation;
3) cultivating at low temperature to obtain hybrid corn seeds of F2 generation, screening high-quality seeds, and emasculating half-and-half of the hybrid corn seeds to obtain female parent of F2 generation and male parent of F2 generation;
4) repeating the steps 2) and 3), and carrying out multi-generation breeding treatment to obtain a low-temperature-resistant corn female parent and a corn male parent;
step two,
1) Low-temperature cultivation: selecting a sea level to cultivate corns in a 1000-meter test field, respectively sowing low-temperature-resistant corn female parents and corn male parents, and sowing one row of corn male parents between every two rows of corn female parents by adopting a sandwich type row-inserting sowing mode;
the row spacing between the female parent and the female parent of the corn is 45cm, the seeding of the female parent is 4 days earlier than that of the male parent, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is the same;
2) castration: emasculation is carried out on the corn female parent in the heading period, when the male ear is exposed to 6-7cm of top leaves and powder scattering does not exist, emasculation is carried out by adopting a plant separation mode.
The seed production area is 50 mu each year in two consecutive years, and the average seed production yield is 112.5kg and 116.0 kg.
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, the patented innovation is not limited to the embodiments described, but is fully applicable to many areas of patentable use, as equivalent alterations and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the claims. The invention is not limited to the specific details described herein.
Claims (4)
1. The castration quality guarantee method for hybrid corn seed production is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) low-temperature cultivation: selecting sea poking in a test field of 800-;
the row spacing between the female parent and the corn parent is 40-50cm, the seeding of the female parent is 3-5 days earlier than that of the male parent, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is the same;
2) castration: emasculation is carried out on the corn female parent in the heading period, when the male ear is exposed to 6-7cm of top leaves and powder scattering does not exist, emasculation is carried out by adopting a plant separation mode.
2. The emasculation quality guarantee method for hybrid corn seed production according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps of performing multi-generation optimization treatment on the corn hybrid seeds before row-insertion sowing:
1) emasculation treatment is carried out on half of the corn hybrid seeds to serve as F1 generation mother seeds; the other half is subjected to female removal treatment to serve as a F1 generation parent;
2) sowing and cultivating at low temperature: selecting a test field with a sea level temperature of 0-8 ℃, sowing female parents of F1 generation and male parents of F1 generation respectively, and collecting pollen of male plants of F1 generation to perform artificial pollination on plants of female parents of F1 generation;
3) cultivating at low temperature to obtain hybrid corn seeds of F2 generation, screening high-quality seeds, and emasculating half-and-half of the hybrid corn seeds to obtain female parent of F2 generation and male parent of F2 generation;
4) and (3) repeating the steps 2) and 3) for multi-generation breeding treatment to obtain the low-temperature-resistant corn female parent and the corn male parent.
3. The emasculation quality guarantee method for hybrid corn seed production according to claim 2, characterized in that the obtained low temperature resistant corn female parent and corn male parent are subjected to cold resistance evaluation, and excellent hybrid corn seeds with significantly improved low temperature resistance are obtained by screening.
4. The emasculation quality guarantee method for hybrid corn seed production according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for castrating the female parent in the second step comprises the following steps: when the head leaf of the female parent tassel is not exposed, the head leaf is stripped to remove the tassel or the tassel and the head leaf are removed together.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111426995.4A CN114097603A (en) | 2021-11-28 | 2021-11-28 | Castration quality-keeping method for hybrid corn seed production |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111426995.4A CN114097603A (en) | 2021-11-28 | 2021-11-28 | Castration quality-keeping method for hybrid corn seed production |
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| CN114097603A true CN114097603A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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| CN202111426995.4A Pending CN114097603A (en) | 2021-11-28 | 2021-11-28 | Castration quality-keeping method for hybrid corn seed production |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104137768A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-12 | 云南金粒种子有限公司 | Space-borrowing male parent interplanting technology for corn hybrid seed production |
| CN108283114A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-17 | 安徽天勤农业科技有限公司 | A kind of molecular breeding method of height cold resistance corn seed |
-
2021
- 2021-11-28 CN CN202111426995.4A patent/CN114097603A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104137768A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-12 | 云南金粒种子有限公司 | Space-borrowing male parent interplanting technology for corn hybrid seed production |
| CN108283114A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-17 | 安徽天勤农业科技有限公司 | A kind of molecular breeding method of height cold resistance corn seed |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李正良等: "制约玉米制种产量质量的因素与应对措施", 《种子科技》 * |
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