CN114097581A - Ecological slope protection drip irrigation system, ecological slope protection and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological slope protection drip irrigation system, ecological slope protection and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097581A CN114097581A CN202111404948.XA CN202111404948A CN114097581A CN 114097581 A CN114097581 A CN 114097581A CN 202111404948 A CN202111404948 A CN 202111404948A CN 114097581 A CN114097581 A CN 114097581A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides an ecological bank protection drip irrigation system, ecological bank protection and preparation method thereof, this drip irrigation system include with the drip irrigation pipe of water source intercommunication, be provided with the drip irrigation hole on the drip irrigation pipe, be provided with the drip irrigation water conservation post that forms by the water retaining agent in the drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation the water conservation post and expand until drip irrigation system reaches the state of driping irrigation, under the state of driping irrigation, drip irrigation the shutoff of water conservation post drip irrigation the water inlet of pipe, the rivers warp at water source drip irrigation the water conservation post flow in extremely drip irrigation among the pipe. The drip irrigation system disclosed by the invention utilizes the water-retaining agent to form the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation pipe, so that the drip irrigation system can enter a drip irrigation state when the drip irrigation system expands to a certain degree, and water flow of a water source cannot be poured into the drip irrigation pipe in the drip irrigation state but slowly permeates into the drip irrigation pipe along the drip irrigation water-retaining column, so that the drip irrigation pipe can automatically replenish water and drip irrigation, a mode of realizing water flow control by utilizing electric control in the prior art is replaced, the maintenance difficulty is greatly reduced, and the wetness degree of the side slope soil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, in particular to a drip irrigation system for ecological slope protection, the ecological slope protection adopting the drip irrigation system and a manufacturing method of the ecological slope protection.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the construction of traffic roads such as roads and railways in various regions, the excavation of mines, and the construction of facilities such as villas in half mountains developed by land manufacturers destroy the ecological environment of mountains, a large number of exposed side slopes are formed, various environmental problems such as the damage of original earth surface vegetation, water and soil loss, debris flow and landslide are caused, and the exposed side slopes become topics which are concerned in the field of ecological restoration.
At present, the ecological restoration method for the slope with a large mountain slope mainly comprises the steps of covering soil on the slope toe, planting vines on the slope, adopting an artificial watering cart to maintain green plants if the water source condition is not good, and adopting a pre-buried spraying water pipe to maintain green plants if the water source condition is good. However, the mountainous area has complex terrain, and it is difficult to lay water pipes in places with high terrain, many platform sections and large height difference, and what is more critical, the water pipes are usually controlled in an electric control mode after being laid to control green plants on the water source drip irrigation side slope of the drip irrigation system, so that workers need to be dispatched regularly to patrol and maintain, the patrol difficulty is large, the maintenance cost is high, and if the maintenance is not timely, the drip irrigation system loses the water supply function; meanwhile, the height difference of the terrain in mountainous areas is large, the water pipe lift of the watering cart is limited, and the watering difficulty is also large.
Insufficient water supply of slope protection water sources can cause soil water shortage and caking cracking, plant root systems in vegetation areas can not supplement water in time, plants grow slowly or wither and die in the long term, the overall plant growth speed of engineering is low, the survival rate is low, and soil and green plants are easy to lose in natural wind and rain and surface runoff water washing.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an ecological slope protection drip irrigation system, which utilizes a drip irrigation water retention column to keep soil moist, so as to solve the problems of the prior art that water in soil cannot be retained due to insufficient water supply for mountain slope protection, green plants are easy to wither, and the survival rate of green plants is low.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a drip irrigation system of ecological bank protection, includes the drip irrigation pipe with the water source intercommunication, be provided with the drip irrigation hole on the drip irrigation pipe, be provided with the drip irrigation water retaining column that is formed by the water retaining agent in the drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation the water retaining column and expand until after rivers soak drip irrigation system reaches and drips irrigation the state drip irrigation under the state, drip irrigation the water retaining column shutoff drip irrigation the water inlet of pipe, the rivers warp at water source drip irrigation the water retaining column flow in extremely drip irrigation in the pipe.
In this technical scheme, the drip irrigation pipe with water source intercommunication is used for leading the rivers of water source to the side slope. The drip irrigation pipe is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation holes which are distributed along the axial direction of the drip irrigation pipe, namely the direction of the bus at equal intervals or unequal intervals, therefore, water flow can flow into the drip irrigation pipe through the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe, then moves along the drip irrigation pipe, and finally drips irrigation to soil through the drip irrigation holes.
The technical scheme is different from the prior art in the arrangement of the drip irrigation water retention column. The main component of the drip irrigation water retention column is a water retention agent, which can be a water retention agent in the prior art, for example, in some embodiments, the main component of the water retention agent is a copolymer cross-linked product of acrylamide-acrylate, a copolymer cross-linked product of starch grafted acrylate, or a combination of the two. The water-retaining agent has strong water absorption capacity, and the volume of the water-retaining agent is expanded after water absorption, and the volume of the water-retaining agent is reduced after water release.
The drip irrigation water retention column is arranged in the drip irrigation pipe by utilizing the characteristic of water absorption expansion of the drip irrigation water retention column, so that the drip irrigation system enters a drip irrigation state after the drip irrigation water retention column expands to a certain volume. Under the state of drip irrigation, the water flow flowing into the drip irrigation pipe from a water source is greatly reduced, and the water flow mainly permeates and infiltrates into the drip irrigation pipe through the drip irrigation water retention column and finally slowly flows out of the drip irrigation hole.
Specifically, in an initial state, the drip irrigation water retention column in the drip irrigation pipe is in a dry state, and at the moment, if the elastic net pipe is not adopted, the water retention column is not formed by the water retention agent; then, water flow of a water source flows in through a water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe, the water-retaining agent absorbs water and gradually expands, when the volume of the water-retaining agent is increased until the diameter of the drip irrigation water-retaining column is equal to the inner diameter of the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe, the connection between the drip irrigation pipe and the water source is interrupted, the water flow entering the drip irrigation pipe is greatly reduced, and the process is generally set to be 5-20 minutes according to the difference of the specification of the drip irrigation pipe and the using amount of the water-retaining agent; the water inlet is driped irrigation the shutoff of water conservation post after, on the one hand, drip irrigation pipe water inlet department because all the time with the rivers contact at water source and keep the inflation state, ensure that rivers can't directly pour into and drip irrigation the pipe in, on the other hand, discharge reduces the back by a wide margin, drip irrigation the part that the water conservation post kept away from the water inlet and can dry gradually under dripping water and volatile effect, the rivers of water inlet department can follow and drip irrigation the water conservation post and slowly permeate to dry region, soak, replenish the moisture in this region, and then ensure that the water yield of driping irrigation everywhere is the same basically in drip irrigation the pipe, and drip irrigation the pipe and can drip irrigation by automatic water supply.
According to the technical scheme, the water-retaining agent is utilized to form the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation pipe, so that the drip irrigation system can enter a drip irrigation state when the drip irrigation system expands to a certain degree, and water flow of a water source cannot be poured into the drip irrigation pipe but slowly permeates into the drip irrigation pipe along the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation state, so that the drip irrigation pipe can automatically replenish water and drip irrigation, a mode of realizing water flow control by utilizing electric control in the prior art is replaced, the maintenance difficulty is greatly reduced, and the wetness degree of the side slope soil is improved; meanwhile, the water flow of the drip irrigation at each position in the drip irrigation pipe is basically the same, the problems of large water flow at the near end of the water inlet and small water flow at the far end of the water inlet are not caused, and the drip irrigation is more uniform; in addition, drip irrigation and keep the water column inflation after can filling drip irrigation intraduct, and then reduce debris such as foreign matter, gravel and sand in the rivers and enter into soil through driping irrigation the hole, purify rivers to a certain extent.
Furthermore, an elastic net pipe is arranged in the drip irrigation pipe and used for containing a water-retaining agent for forming the drip irrigation water-retaining column, a first through hole is formed in the elastic net pipe, and the diameter of the first through hole is smaller than the minimum particle size of the water-retaining agent. The elastic net pipe is a tubular structure woven by the elastic net, and when the water retention agent is in a dry state, the minimum particle size of the water retention agent is larger than the diameter of the first through hole on the net pipe, so that the water retention agent is prevented from flowing into soil through the drip irrigation hole. Meanwhile, the elastic net pipe has a certain basic structure, and can restrain the water retention agent to form a columnar structure better when the water retention agent expands, so that gaps between all parts of the drip irrigation water retention column and the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe are basically consistent, and the uniformity of the water amount of all parts of the drip irrigation pipe is further improved. In addition, the elastic net pipe is convenient to disassemble, assemble and replace the water-retaining agent, and the maintenance efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a diversion trench extending along the axial direction of the drip irrigation pipe is arranged on the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe and communicated with the drip irrigation hole. When the water retention agent expands to form the drip irrigation water retention column, since the outer diameter of the drip irrigation water retention column is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the drip irrigation pipe, the flow rate of water flow in the gap between the drip irrigation water retention column and the drip irrigation pipe is very slow and is easily absorbed again by the water retention agent during the flow process. In the technical scheme, the diversion trench formed on the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe extends from the near end of the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe to the far end of the water inlet. The flow space of the water flow released from the drip irrigation water retention column is remarkably improved due to the arrangement of the flow guide groove, the released water flow can be collected in the flow guide groove and is dripped into soil through the drip irrigation hole after moving for a certain distance along the flow guide groove, and the utilization rate of drip irrigation water is improved.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ecological slope protection using the above drip irrigation system, which includes a soil-fixing and water-retaining grid in addition to the drip irrigation system, the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid includes a first grid, the first grid corresponds to at least one drip irrigation hole of the drip irrigation pipe, a water seepage hole is formed in the bottom of the first grid, the first grid is used for accommodating a soil water-retaining brick, and the soil water-retaining brick can absorb water and expand.
In the technical scheme, the ecological slope protection comprises a drip irrigation system and a soil-fixing water-retaining grid. The soil-fixing water-retaining grids comprise a plurality of first grids, and the first grids are used for placing soil water-retaining bricks. The soil water-retaining brick is a brick made of a material of which the main component is a soil water-retaining agent.
The drip irrigation pipe is positioned above the soil-fixing water-retaining grid or penetrates through the wall surface of the soil-fixing water-retaining grid. The drip irrigation holes of the drip irrigation pipe are positioned in the first grids, and each first grid is provided with at least one drip irrigation hole, so that water flow released by permeation in the drip irrigation pipe can enter the first grids through the drip irrigation holes. After contacting the soil water-retaining bricks in the first grid, the soil water-retaining bricks expand to a certain extent and keep moist. Be provided with a plurality of infiltration holes on the bottom surface of first net, the rivers that are protected water brick slow release by soil flow into to the soil of transferring through the infiltration hole to ensure that the soil of solid soil below protecting water net is moist, avoid soil dry. In addition, the soil water retention bricks in the first grids not only have the function of water retention, but also have certain strength after water absorption and expansion, can fix the soil between two adjacent first grids on the side slope, play a role in soil stabilization, and prevent the side slope soil loss caused by rainstorm scouring.
Further, be provided with the diolame on drip irrigation pipe's the outer wall, be provided with the second through-hole on the diolame, inside and the soil water retaining brick of second through-hole intercommunication diolame, be provided with the shutoff post in the diolame, the shutoff post is used for the shutoff when soil water retaining brick inflation drip irrigation hole. In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the drip irrigation pipe is provided with the coating film, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the coating film and the outer wall of the drip irrigation pipe, and the outer wall of the coating film is in contact with the soil water-retaining bricks. Water flow in the drip irrigation pipe can flow into a gap between the coating and the drip irrigation pipe through the drip irrigation holes and flow into the soil water retention brick through the second through holes.
And a plugging column is arranged in a gap between the coating and the drip irrigation pipe and is used for plugging a drip irrigation hole. When the soil water-retaining brick is not expanded to a preset volume, the blocking column does not block the drip irrigation hole, and water flow released from the drip irrigation pipe can enter the soil water-retaining brick through the drip irrigation hole and the second through hole in sequence; when the soil water-retaining brick expands to a preset volume, the expanded soil water-retaining brick pushes the plugging column to vertically move upwards and insert into the drip irrigation hole, and water in the drip irrigation pipe is blocked from flowing into the coating film through the drip irrigation hole; when the water content in the soil water-retaining brick and the soil nearby is reduced, the soil water-retaining brick shrinks, the plugging column vertically moves downwards under the action of self weight to open the drip irrigation hole, and the water flow in the drip irrigation pipe enters the coating again.
Through this design, can utilize the opening and shutting of the moisture content control drip irrigation hole of water brick is protected to soil, avoid too much rivers to gush into and cause the soil normal water volume too big in soil water brick and near soil, reach the purpose of the moisture in the soil water brick of automatically regulated and near soil.
Further, the diameter of the drip irrigation hole is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the diameter of the plugging column is gradually increased from top to bottom, and the top end of the plugging column is always located in the drip irrigation hole. In order to improve the reliability of the plugging column for plugging the drip irrigation hole, the top end of the plugging column is positioned in the drip irrigation hole at any time. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that water can flow out through the drip irrigation holes when not being blocked, the diameter of the blocking column is gradually increased from top to bottom, the blocking column is preferably in a cone structure, and meanwhile, in order to better collect the water, the diameter of the drip irrigation holes is gradually decreased from top to bottom.
Further, the plugging column comprises a rigid base body connected to the inner surface of the envelope, and an elastic layer is paved on the outer wall of the base body. The rigid base body of the plugging column is preferably made of metal, and the surface of the base body of the plugging column is covered with an elastic layer which is preferably made of rubber. When the water brick inflation is protected to soil, promote the vertical rebound of shutoff post, until the outer wall of shutoff post and the inner wall butt in drip irrigation hole, at this moment, utilize elastic deformation of elastic layer not only can reduce the mutual friction in shutoff post and drip irrigation hole, can play sealed effect moreover, improve the shutoff effect effectively.
Furthermore, the soil-fixing water-retaining grid also comprises a second grid used for filling soil, the upper end and the lower end of the second grid are both open ends, and the second grid and the first grid are alternately arranged. After the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid is placed on the leveled slope, soil and soil water-retaining bricks are required to be filled in the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid to form a soil layer for plant growth. Wherein, the first grid is used for placing soil water-retaining bricks, and the second grid is used for placing soil. The alternating arrangement of the second meshes with the first meshes means that the first meshes and the second meshes are alternately arranged so that the first meshes are surrounded by four second meshes and the second meshes are surrounded by four first meshes, extending in the direction of rows or columns. The distribution of straying in turn of first net and second net makes the rivers of the water conservation brick release of soil in the first net can be evenly to the soil diffusion in the second net all around, it is too much to avoid the moisture in the soil, the water conservation brick of utilizing soil more rationally improves the holistic humidity of side slope soil, consequently, this kind of mode of arranging makes the soil that is arranged in first net water conservation brick can stabilize mountain body abrupt slope soil when the inflation, prevent soil loss, and release rivers in the soil continuously when soil is dry.
Further, ecological bank protection still including set up in the slope protection net of drip irrigation system top, be provided with a plurality of meshs on the slope protection net, be provided with the string bag on the mesh, the string bag is used for holding the nutrient soil that is used for green planting to grow. In this technical scheme, the upper portion of ecological bank protection still is provided with the bank protection net, and the bank protection net can further improve the solid soil ability of bank protection. Be provided with the string bag on the mesh of slope protection net, the string bag can be weaved the coconut palm fibre line on the slope protection net, also can be through injection moulding's plastics network structure. The net bag is internally used for placing nutrient soil or nutrient soil with seeds, so that the plant seeds can obtain sunlight and can freely grow through the net bag, and meanwhile, the roots and the matrix of the plants can be effectively prevented from being washed away and lost by rainwater, and a certain seedling fixing effect is achieved.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the ecological slope protection, which comprises the following steps:
(A) manufacturing a soil fixation and water retention grid, wherein the soil fixation and water retention grid comprises a first grid and a second grid which are alternately arranged, water seepage holes are formed in the bottom of the first grid, openings are formed in the upper end of the first grid, and the upper end and the lower end of the second grid are both open ends;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a soil fixation and water retention grid by adopting an injection molding mode according to design requirements, wherein the first grid and the second grid of the soil fixation and water retention grid are alternately arranged, the upper end of the first grid is an open end, the lower end of the first grid is a closed end, a plurality of water seepage holes are formed in the closed end, and the upper end and the lower end of the second grid are closed ends.
(B) Manufacturing a soil water-retaining brick, and putting the manufactured soil water-retaining brick into the first grid;
the soil water-retaining brick can be prepared by adopting the existing soil water-retaining agent. In some embodiments, the raw materials of the soil water-retaining brick comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-50 parts of acrylic acid, 20-35 parts of potassium acryloyl, 5-15 parts of sodium hydroxide, 3-5 parts of a cross-linking agent, 1-3 parts of ammonium persulfate, 1-3 parts of modified zeolite and 2-5 parts of activated carbon.
(C) Filling a water-retaining agent into the drip irrigation pipes to obtain drip irrigation water-retaining columns, arranging the drip irrigation pipes on the soil-fixing water-retaining grids, and arranging drip irrigation holes formed in the drip irrigation pipes above the first grids;
after the drip irrigation holes are drilled in the plastic pipe with the required specification according to the required size, the polymer water-retaining agent is filled in the plastic pipe, then the drip irrigation pipes are arranged and installed on the soil-fixing water-retaining grid, and the drip irrigation holes in the drip irrigation pipes are ensured to be positioned above the first grid.
(D) Manufacturing a net bag on meshes of a slope protection net, filling nutrient soil or nutrient soil and green plant seeds in the net bag, placing the slope protection net on a drip irrigation pipe, and sewing and connecting the slope protection net and a soil-fixing water-retaining grid;
utilize coconut fiber line or extrusion moulding's mode to make the string bag on the mesh of slope protection net, pack the mixture back of nutrition soil or nutrition soil and green planting seed in the string bag, place the slope protection net on drip irrigation pipe, sew up the connection with degradable fibre at last.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the water-retaining agent is utilized to form the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation pipe, so that the drip irrigation system can enter a drip irrigation state when the drip irrigation system expands to a certain degree, and water flow of a water source can not be poured into the drip irrigation pipe but slowly permeates into the drip irrigation pipe along the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation state, thereby ensuring that the drip irrigation pipe can automatically replenish water and drip irrigation, replacing the mode of realizing water flow control by utilizing electric control in the prior art, greatly reducing the difficulty of maintenance and curing, and improving the wetting degree of the side slope soil;
2. the water flow of the drip irrigation at each position in the drip irrigation pipe is basically the same, the problems of large water flow at the near end of the water inlet and small water flow at the far end of the water inlet are not caused, and the drip irrigation is more uniform;
3. the drip irrigation water retention column can be filled in the drip irrigation pipe after being expanded, so that foreign matters, sand and stones and other impurities in water flow are reduced from entering soil through the drip irrigation holes, and the water flow is purified to a certain degree;
4. the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid adopts the first grids and the soil water-retaining bricks, not only has the function of water retention, but also has certain strength after water absorption and expansion, can fix the soil between two adjacent first grids on the side slope, plays a role in soil fixation, and prevents the side slope soil loss caused by rainstorm scouring;
5. the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid adopts a distribution mode that the first grid and the second grid are alternately staggered, so that water flow released by the soil water-retaining bricks in the first grid can be uniformly diffused to the soil in the second grid at the periphery, excessive water in the soil is avoided, the soil water-retaining bricks are more reasonably utilized to improve the integral wettability of the side slope soil, and in addition, the arrangement mode can more effectively stabilize the soil at the bottom of a mountain steep slope and prevent soil loss;
6. the invention can control the opening and closing of the drip irrigation hole by utilizing the moisture content of the soil water-retaining brick, avoids overlarge water content in the soil caused by that excessive water flows into the soil water-retaining brick and the nearby soil, and achieves the aim of automatically adjusting the moisture in the soil water-retaining brick and the nearby soil.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ecological slope protection laid on a side slope in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a drip irrigation pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the drip irrigation pipe showing contraction of the drip retention post;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the drip irrigation pipe illustrating expansion of the drip irrigation water retaining column;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the drip irrigation hole opening when the drip irrigation retaining member of another drip irrigation pipe according to another embodiment of the present invention is expanded;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a drip irrigation pipe according to yet another embodiment of the present invention showing the drip irrigation hole closed by a blocking post when the drip irrigation retaining post expands;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plugging column in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil-fixing and water-retaining grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a process of manufacturing an ecological slope protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-slope protection net, 2-string bag, 3-mesh, 4-drip irrigation system, 41-drip irrigation pipe, 42-drip irrigation hole, 43-drip irrigation water retention column, 44-elastic net pipe, 45-diversion trench, 46-coating film, 47-plugging column, 471-base body, 472-elastic layer, 48-second through hole, 49-main water pipe, 5-water source, 6-soil fixation and water retention grid, 61-water seepage hole, 62-first grid, 63-second grid, 7-soil water retention brick, 8-slope and 9-soil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
an ecological bank protection drip irrigation system as shown in fig. 1-5, include the drip irrigation pipe 41 with 5 intercommunications in water source, be provided with drip irrigation hole 42 on the drip irrigation pipe 41, be provided with the drip irrigation water conservation post 43 that is formed by the water retaining agent in the drip irrigation pipe 41, drip irrigation water conservation post 43 expands until after rivers soak drip irrigation system reaches the state of driping irrigation under the state of driping irrigation, drip irrigation water conservation post 43 shutoff the water inlet of drip irrigation pipe 41, the rivers warp of water source 5 drip irrigation water conservation post 43 flow into in the drip irrigation pipe 41.
In this embodiment, the drip irrigation pipe is connected to an external natural water source or a water tank, or the drip irrigation system may be provided with a water tank. The water tank can be connected with the reservoir, or can be used as an independent water storage tank, or can collect and contain rainwater.
In some embodiments, the water retaining agent comprises a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylate, a copolymer of starch grafted acrylate, or a combination thereof.
In the embodiment, the water-retaining agent is utilized to form the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation pipe, so that the drip irrigation system can enter a drip irrigation state when the drip irrigation system expands to a certain degree, and water flow of a water source cannot be poured into the drip irrigation pipe but slowly permeates into the drip irrigation pipe along the drip irrigation water-retaining column in the drip irrigation state, so that the drip irrigation pipe can automatically replenish water and drip irrigation, a mode of realizing water flow control by utilizing electric control in the prior art is replaced, the maintenance difficulty is greatly reduced, and the wetting degree of the side slope soil is improved; meanwhile, the water flow of the drip irrigation at each position in the drip irrigation pipe is basically the same, the problems of large water flow at the near end of the water inlet and small water flow at the far end of the water inlet are avoided, and the drip irrigation is more uniform.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, an elastic mesh tube 44 is disposed inside the drip irrigation pipe 41, the elastic mesh tube 44 is used for containing the water retaining agent forming the drip irrigation water retaining column 43, and a first through hole is formed in the elastic mesh tube 44, and the diameter of the first through hole is smaller than the minimum particle size of the water retaining agent. The elastic net pipe can avoid the water-retaining agent from losing to soil through the drip irrigation hole, and can restrain the water-retaining agent to better form a columnar structure, so that gaps between each part of the drip irrigation water-retaining column and the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe are basically consistent, the uniformity of the water amount of each part of the drip irrigation pipe is further improved, and in addition, the elastic net gateway is favorable for dismounting and replacing the water-retaining agent.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe 41 is provided with a diversion trench 45 extending along the axial direction of the drip irrigation pipe 41, and the diversion trench 45 is communicated with the drip irrigation hole 42. The flow space of the water flow released from the drip irrigation water retention column is remarkably improved due to the arrangement of the flow guide groove, the released water flow can be collected in the flow guide groove and is dripped into soil through the drip irrigation hole after moving for a certain distance along the flow guide groove, and the utilization rate of drip irrigation water is improved. In one or more embodiments, a plurality of diversion trenches are arranged on the bottom surface of the drip irrigation pipe.
Example 2:
an ecological protection slope as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 9, the drip irrigation system 4 according to any of the foregoing embodiments is adopted, the ecological protection slope further includes a soil-fixing and water-retaining grid 6, the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid 6 includes a first grid 62, the first grid 62 corresponds to at least one drip irrigation hole 42 of the drip irrigation pipe 41, a water seepage hole 61 is arranged at the bottom of the first grid 62, the first grid 62 is used for accommodating a soil water-retaining brick 7, and the soil water-retaining brick 7 can absorb water to swell.
In one or more embodiments, the soil water-retaining brick can be made of an existing soil water-retaining agent. In one or more embodiments, the raw materials of the soil water-retaining brick comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3-50 parts of acrylic acid, 20-35 parts of potassium acryloyl, 5-15 parts of sodium hydroxide, 3-5 parts of a cross-linking agent, 1-3 parts of ammonium persulfate, 1-3 parts of modified zeolite and 2-5 parts of activated carbon. The soil water-retaining brick is similar to a drip irrigation water-retaining column and can expand after absorbing water repeatedly and contract after releasing water.
Be provided with a plurality of infiltration holes on the bottom surface of first net, the rivers that are protected water brick slow release by soil flow into to the soil of transferring through the infiltration hole to ensure that the soil of solid soil below protecting water net is moist, avoid soil dry. In addition, the soil water retention bricks in the first grids not only have the function of water retention, but also have certain strength after water absorption and expansion, can fix the soil between two adjacent first grids on the side slope, play a role in soil stabilization, and prevent the side slope soil loss caused by rainstorm scouring.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the soil-fixing and water-retaining grid 6 further includes a second grid 63 for filling soil 9, both upper and lower ends of the second grid 63 are open ends, and the second grid 63 and the first grid 62 are alternately arranged. The distribution of staggering in turn of first net and second net makes the rivers of the water retaining brick release of soil in the first net can be uniformly to the soil diffusion in the second net all around, avoids moisture too much in the soil, utilizes the water retaining brick of soil to improve the holistic humidity of side slope soil more rationally, and in addition, the land of mountain body abrupt slope bottom can be stabilized more effectively to this kind of mode of arranging, prevents that soil from losing.
Example 3:
on embodiment 2's basis, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, be provided with diolame 46 on the outer wall of drip irrigation pipe 41, be provided with second through-hole 48 on the diolame 46, inside and the water brick 7 is protected to soil of second through-hole 48 intercommunication diolame 46, be provided with shutoff post 47 in the diolame 46, shutoff post 47 is used for when the water brick 7 of protecting to soil inflation shutoff drip irrigation hole 42.
And a plugging column is arranged in a gap between the coating and the drip irrigation pipe and is used for plugging a drip irrigation hole. When the soil water-retaining brick is not expanded to a preset volume, the blocking column does not block the drip irrigation hole, and water flow released from the drip irrigation pipe can enter the soil water-retaining brick through the drip irrigation hole and the second through hole in sequence; when the soil water-retaining brick expands to a preset volume, the expanded soil water-retaining brick pushes the plugging column to vertically move upwards and insert into the drip irrigation hole, and water in the drip irrigation pipe is blocked from flowing into the coating film through the drip irrigation hole; when the water content in the soil water-retaining brick and the soil nearby is reduced, the soil water-retaining brick shrinks, the plugging column vertically moves downwards under the action of self weight to open the drip irrigation hole, and the water flow in the drip irrigation pipe enters the coating again.
In one or more embodiments, a groove is formed in the soil water-retaining brick, and the envelope and the plugging column are located in the groove. In one or more embodiments, the predetermined volume of the soil water-retaining brick expanded to block the drip irrigation hole by the blocking post is set based on an upper limit of water required in the soil water-retaining brick and its surrounding soil.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the drip irrigation hole 42 gradually decreases from top to bottom, the diameter of the blocking column 47 gradually increases from top to bottom, and the top end of the blocking column 47 is always located in the drip irrigation hole 42.
In one or more embodiments, the plugging column 47 includes a rigid base 471 attached to the inner surface of the envelope 46, and an elastic layer 472 is disposed on the outer wall of the base 471. The rigid base body of the plugging column is preferably made of metal, and the surface of the base body of the plugging column is covered with an elastic layer, and the elastic layer is preferably made of rubber, such as nitrile rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer. The elastic deformation of the elastic layer can be utilized to reduce the mutual friction between the plugging column and the drip irrigation hole, and the sealing effect can be achieved, so that the plugging effect is effectively improved.
Example 4:
on the basis of above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, ecological bank protection still including set up in slope protection net 1 above drip irrigation system 4, slope protection net 1 is last to be provided with a plurality of meshs 3, be provided with string bag 2 on the mesh 3, string bag 2 is used for holding the nutrient soil that is used for green planting to grow.
In one or more embodiments, the slope protection net adopts a plastic-coated steel wire net which is strong in flexibility, can be bent randomly and is suitable for various uneven slopes; the plastic-coated steel wire mesh has moisture retention property, and can absorb part of rainwater to provide plant root absorption; the plastic-covered steel wire mesh also has higher corrosion resistance, is not easy to damage after being exposed to the sun and rain, and can be used in acid rain areas.
Example 5:
the preparation method of the ecological slope protection as shown in fig. 10 comprises the following steps:
(A) manufacturing a soil fixation and water retention grid, wherein the soil fixation and water retention grid comprises a first grid and a second grid which are alternately arranged, water seepage holes are formed in the bottom of the first grid, and the upper end and the lower end of the second grid are open ends;
(B) manufacturing a soil water-retaining brick, and putting the manufactured soil water-retaining brick into the first grid;
(C) filling a water-retaining agent into the drip irrigation pipes to obtain drip irrigation water-retaining columns, arranging the drip irrigation pipes on the soil-fixing water-retaining grids, and arranging drip irrigation holes formed in the drip irrigation pipes above the first grids;
(D) the net bag is manufactured on the meshes of the slope protection net, nutrient soil or nutrient soil and green plant seeds are filled in the net bag, the slope protection net is placed on the drip irrigation pipe, and the slope protection net and the soil-fixing water-retaining grid are sewn and connected.
And after the integrated ecological slope protection is obtained, paving the integrated ecological slope protection on the leveled side slope. When the ecological slope protection is laid, long iron nails are used for ecological slope protection at the interval of 1-2 m in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the length and the fixed interval of the iron nails can be determined according to the firmness degree of the slope, and the slope with soft soil can be fixed in a mode of properly selecting the longer iron nails and the shorter interval; similarly, the side slope with firmer rock quality can be fixed by iron nails with medium length and longer intervals; the iron nail fixation can be properly and irregularly increased on the uneven slope.
As used herein, "first", "second", etc. (e.g., first via, second via, first grid, second grid, etc.) merely distinguish the respective components for clarity of description and are not intended to limit any order or to emphasize importance, etc. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be either directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ecological bank protection drip irrigation system, includes and drips irrigation pipe (41) with water source (5) intercommunication, it drips irrigation hole (42) to be provided with on pipe (41) to drip irrigation, its characterized in that, it is provided with in pipe (41) to drip irrigation and protects water column (43) by the drip irrigation of water-retaining agent formation, drip irrigation and protect water column (43) and swell at rivers soaking back until drip irrigation system reaches and drips irrigation the state drip irrigation, drip irrigation and protect water column (43) shutoff drip irrigation the water inlet of pipe (41), the rivers warp of water source (5) drip irrigation and protect water column (43) to flow in drip irrigation in pipe (41).
2. The ecological slope protection drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein an elastic mesh pipe (44) is arranged in the drip irrigation pipe (41), the elastic mesh pipe (44) is used for containing a water retaining agent for forming the drip irrigation water retaining column (43), a first through hole is formed in the elastic mesh pipe (44), and the diameter of the first through hole is smaller than the minimum particle size of the water retaining agent.
3. The ecological slope protection drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe (41) is provided with a diversion trench (45) extending along the axial direction of the drip irrigation pipe (41), and the diversion trench (45) is communicated with the drip irrigation hole (42).
4. An ecological slope protection, characterized in that, adopt drip irrigation system (4) of any one of claims 1 ~ 3, ecological slope protection still includes solid soil and protects water net (6), gu soil protects water net (6) including first net (62), first net (62) correspond at least one drip irrigation hole (42) of drip irrigation pipe (41), first net (62) bottom is provided with infiltration hole (61), first net (62) are used for holding soil and protect water brick (7), soil protects water brick (7) and can absorb water the inflation.
5. Ecological slope protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, be provided with diolame (46) on the outer wall of drip irrigation pipe (41), be provided with second through-hole (48) on diolame (46), second through-hole (48) intercommunication diolame (46) inside and soil water retaining brick (7), be provided with in diolame (46) and block post (47), block post (47) are used for when soil water retaining brick (7) inflation shutoff drip irrigation hole (42).
6. Ecological slope protection according to claim 5, characterized in that the diameter of the drip irrigation hole (42) is gradually reduced from top to bottom, the diameter of the blocking column (47) is gradually increased from top to bottom, and the top end of the blocking column (47) is always located in the drip irrigation hole (42).
7. Ecological slope protection according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the blocking columns (47) comprise a rigid base body (471) connected to the inner surface of the envelope (46), the outer wall of the base body (471) being paved with an elastic layer (472).
8. An ecological slope protection according to claim 4, wherein the soil-fixing and water-retaining grids (6) further comprise second grids (63) filled with soil (9), the upper and lower ends of the second grids (63) are open ends, and the second grids (63) and the first grids (62) are alternately arranged.
9. The ecological slope protection of claim 4, further comprising a slope protection net (1) disposed above the drip irrigation system (4), wherein a plurality of meshes (3) are disposed on the slope protection net (1), a net bag (2) is disposed on the meshes (3), and the net bag (2) is used for containing nutrient soil for growth of green plants.
10. The preparation method of the ecological slope protection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) manufacturing a soil fixing and water retaining grid (6), wherein the soil fixing and water retaining grid (6) comprises a first grid (62) and a second grid (63) which are alternately arranged, water seepage holes (61) are formed in the bottom of the first grid (62), and the upper end and the lower end of the second grid (63) are open ends;
(B) manufacturing a soil water-retaining brick (7), and putting the manufactured soil water-retaining brick (7) into the first grid (62);
(C) filling a water-retaining agent into the drip irrigation pipes (41) to obtain drip irrigation water-retaining columns (43), arranging the drip irrigation pipes (41) on the soil-fixing water-retaining grids (6), wherein drip irrigation holes (42) formed in the drip irrigation pipes (41) are positioned above the first grids (62);
(D) make string bag (2) on mesh (3) of slope protection net (1), pack nutritive soil in string bag (2), perhaps nutritive soil and green planting seed, will slope protection net (1) is placed on driping irrigation pipe (41), sews up the connection slope protection net (1) and soil stabilization water conservation net (6).
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| CN114097581B (en) | 2023-02-03 |
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